Definition of Shaft:-: A) Shafts Subjected To Twisting Moment Only

DESIGN OF SHAFT (THEORY)
 Definition of Shaft:-
A shaft is a rotating machine element which is used to transmit power from one place to another. The
power is delivered to the shaft by some tangential force and the resultant torque set up within the shaft
permits the power to be transferred to various machines linked up to the shaft.
 Material Used for Shafts:-

The material used for shafts should have the following properties :
1. It should have high strength.
2. It should have good machinability.
3. It should have low notch sensitivity factor.
4. It should have good heat treatment properties.
5. It should have high wear resistant properties.
The material used for ordinary shafts is carbon steel of grades 40 C 8, 45 C 8, 50 C 4 and 50 C 12.
 Types of Shafts:-
The following two types of shafts are important from the subject point of view :
1. Transmission shafts. These shafts transmit power between the source and the machines absorbing
power. The counter shafts, line shafts, over head shafts and all factory shafts are transmission shafts.
Since these shafts carry machine parts such as pulleys, gears etc., therefore they are subjected to bending
in addition to twisting.
2. Machine shafts. These shafts form an integral part of the machine itself. The crank shaft is an example
of machine shaft.
 Design of Shafts:-
In designing shafts on the basis of strength, the following cases may be considered :
(a) Shafts subjected to twisting moment or torque only,
(b) Shafts subjected to bending moment only,
(c) Shafts subjected to combined twisting and bending moments.
a) Shafts Subjected to Twisting Moment Only:-

When the shaft is subjected to a twisting moment (or torque) only, then the diameter of the shaft may be
obtained by using the torsion equation. We know that,
T 
 where,
J r
T = Twisting moment (or torque) acting upon the shaft,
J = Polar moment of inertia of the shaft about the axis of rotation,
 = Torsional shear stress, and
r = Distance from neutral axis to the outer most fibre
= d / 2; where d is the diameter of the shaft.
SOUVIK BHATTACHARJEE
LECTURER,NHIT
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
b) Shafts Subjected to Bending Moment Only:-

When the shaft is subjected to a bending moment only, then the maximum stress (tensile or compressive) is given by
the bending equation. We know that,
M 
 where,
I y
M = Bending moment,
I = Moment of inertia of cross-sectional area of the shaft about the axis of rotation,
 = Bending stress, and
y = Distance from neutral axis to the outer-most fibre.
c) Shafts Subjected to Combined Twisting Moment and Bending Moment:-
When the shaft is subjected to combined twisting moment and bending moment, then the shaft must be
designed on the basis of the two theories simultaneously:-
1) Maximum shear stress theory or Guest's theory and
2) Maximum normal stress theory or Rankine’s theory.
According to maximum shear stress theory, the maximum shear stress in the shaft,
LECTURER,NHIT
LECTURER,NHIT
PROBLEMS ON DESIGN OF SHAFT AS PER WBSCTE:-
Prb:-1 A shaft is supported by two bearings placed 1 m apart. A 600 mm diameter pulley is mounted at a
distance of 300 mm to the right of left hand bearing and this drives a pulley directly below it with the help of
belt having maximum tension of 2.25 kN. Another pulley 400 mm diameter is placed 200 mm to the left of
right hand bearing and is driven with the help of electric motor and belt, which is placed horizontally to the
right. The angle of contact for both the pulleys is 180° and µ= 0.24. Determine the suitable diameter for a solid
shaft, allowing working stress of 63 MPa in tension and 42 MPa in shear for the material of shaft. Assume that
the torque on one pulley is equal to that on the other pulley.
Prb:-2 A solid circular shaft is subjected to a bending moment of 3000 N-m and a torque of 10 000 N-m.
The shaft is made of 45 C 8 steel having ultimate tensile stress of 700 MPa and a ultimate shear stress of
500 MPa. Assuming a factor of safety as 6, determine the diameter of the shaft.
Prb:-3 A line shaft is driven by means of a motor placed vertically below it. The pulley on the line shaft
is 1.5 metre in diameter and has belt tensions 5.4 kN and 1.8 kN on the tight side and slack side of the belt
respectively. Both these tensions may be assumed to be vertical. If the pulley be overhang from the shaft,
the distance of the centre line of the pulley from the centre line of the bearing being 400 mm, find the
diameter of the shaft. Assuming maximum allowable shear stress of 42 MPa.
LECTURER,NHIT

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DESIGN OF SHAFT (THEORY)

 Material Used for Shafts:-

a) Shafts Subjected to Twisting Moment Only:-

b) Shafts Subjected to Bending Moment Only:-

c) Shafts Subjected to Combined Twisting Moment and Bending Moment:-

PROBLEMS ON DESIGN OF SHAFT AS PER WBSCTE:-

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