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    WEIR Colin

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    Mário Mineiro
    This document discusses risk analyses and safety management of helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) landing sites. It provides an overview of HEMS operations in Australia, including a shift from operating under an aerial work license to an air operator's certificate, which requires higher safety standards. It also summarizes international and Australian regulations and guidelines regarding HEMS landing sites, and key changes like requiring a formal safety management system. Operational equipment, night vision goggles, GPS flight following, and types of landing sites (certified, prepared, unprepared) are described. Accident examples involving night flying, brownouts, and unprepared sites are also presented.

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    WEIR Colin

    Uploaded by

    Mário Mineiro
    46 views41 pages
    This document discusses risk analyses and safety management of helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) landing sites. It provides an overview of HEMS operations in Australia, including a shift from operating under an aerial work license to an air operator's certificate, which requires higher safety standards. It also summarizes international and Australian regulations and guidelines regarding HEMS landing sites, and key changes like requiring a formal safety management system. Operational equipment, night vision goggles, GPS flight following, and types of landing sites (certified, prepared, unprepared) are described. Accident examples involving night flying, brownouts, and unprepared sites are also presented.

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    This document discusses risk analyses and safety management of helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) landing sites. It provides an overview of HEMS operations in Australia, including a shift from operating under an aerial work license to an air operator's certificate, which requires higher safety standards. It also summarizes international and Australian regulations and guidelines regarding HEMS landing sites, and key changes like requiring a formal safety management system. Operational equipment, night vision goggles, GPS flight following, and types of landing sites (certified, prepared, unprepared) are described. Accident examples involving night flying, brownouts, and unprepared sites are also presented.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    46 views41 pages

    WEIR Colin

    Uploaded by

    Mário Mineiro
    This document discusses risk analyses and safety management of helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) landing sites. It provides an overview of HEMS operations in Australia, including a shift from operating under an aerial work license to an air operator's certificate, which requires higher safety standards. It also summarizes international and Australian regulations and guidelines regarding HEMS landing sites, and key changes like requiring a formal safety management system. Operational equipment, night vision goggles, GPS flight following, and types of landing sites (certified, prepared, unprepared) are described. Accident examples involving night flying, brownouts, and unprepared sites are also presented.

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    of 41

    RISK ANALYSES AND CRITICAL SAFETY MANAGEMENT

    OF CERTIFIED, PREPARED AND UNPREPARED


    HELICOPTER EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICE (HEMS)
    LANDING SITES

    Colin Weir
    Flight Safety Pty Ltd
    Australia

    13 October 2013 1
    AERIAL WORK VERSUS AIR TRANSPORT AOC (Air Operators Certificate) LICENCE
    HEMS Operations in Australia currently conducted under Aerial Work

    Aerial work CAR 206(a) Air Operator Certificate (AOC)


    An aircraft operation in which an aircraft A certificate authorising an operator to
    is used for specialised services such as air carry out specified commercial air
    ambulance, agriculture, construction, transport operations.
    photography, surveying, observation and
    patrol, search and rescue, aerial Much higher level of control
    advertisement

    13 October 2013 2
    HEMS HELICOPTER LANDING SITES
    DEVELOPMENTAL OVERVIEW 2011 - 2013

    Historically
     Controls were developed and applied by individual service provides (Aerial Work Category)
     Limited oversight by the Regulator
     Night VMC operations in single engine aircraft with single crew
     Limited assessment and control over landing site selection

    A risk assessment meeting held in Brisbane on the 3rd August 2011 involving Surat Basin Oil &
    Gas, Aeromedical and Service Provider personnel established a new safety baseline for HEMS
    Helicopter Landing Site operations.
    The significant outcome of this meeting was that all HEMS operations would be conducted as a
    minimum to the level of Commercial Operations, hence eliminating Aerial Work Category
    practices.

    The new Standard introduced, defined minimum requirements for Helicopter


    Landing Site design and control and collective acceptance of this safety
    enhancement, introduced for the first time documented controls, in accordance with
    global standards.

    13 October 2013 3
    CURRENT LEGISLATION AND GUIDELINES
    INTERNATIONAL AUSTRALIAN
    I.C.A.O. ANNEX 14 VOL II 1. CAAP 92-2(2)
    (Australia is a signatory to Draft Guidelines (May 2013) for the establishment of on-shore
    Helicopter Landing Sites (HLS)
    the International Civil Aviation
    Organisation) 2. DOCUMENT NPRM 1304OS – July 2013
    Regulation of Aeroplane and Helicopter ‘Ambulance Function’
    flights as Air Transport Operations

    Overview
    Civil Aviation Advisory Publication (CAAP) 92-2(2), the sole Draft legislative
    reference, provides guidance but does not mandate minimum Standards.
    The new CASR Part 139 (Aerodromes) does not address Heliports or
    Helidecks.
    Document NPRM 1304OS – July 2013 Pending
    I.C.A.O. Annex 14 Vol II is the design Standard for HLS operations.

    13 October 2013 4
    KEY CHANGES
     Hold an AT AOC in accordance with Part
    119 of CASR
     Demonstrate compliance with the
    additional requirements contained in the
    applicable AT operational rule set (i.e. Part
    121, 133 or 135 of CASR)
     Rotorcraft Performance Class 3 operations
    would not be authorised for MT night
    flights
     Fatigue risk management of AT operations
    through the implementation of Civil
    Aviation Order (CAO) 48.1
     Formal Safety Management System
     GPS Flight Following (Industry feedback)
     Night Vision Goggles (Industry feedback)

    13 October 2013 5
    Hems Risk Management Component Parts

    Aircraft
    Helicopter
    Medical Client Service
    Landing Site
    Provider

    Aerial Work or Developing


    Accident Site Management
    Contractual AOC/Commercial
    Aircraft Transport processes, largely
    Quality Assurance Operations -
    Hospital Acceptance uncontrolled
    pending

    13 October 2013 6
    Certified HLS

    13 October 2013 7
    ‘D’ Value

    13 October 2013 8
    LANDING AREA

    13 October 2013 9
    13 October 2013 10
    13 October 2013 11
    13 October 2013 12
    PREPARED/UNPREPARED HELICOPTER LANDING SITE

     SELECTION
     HELIPAD LAYOUT
     HELIPAD SURFACE
     FATO - FINAL APPROACH
    AND TAKE-OFF PROFILES
     LIGHTING
     WIND INDICATOR
     EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT
     DOCUMENTED CONTROLS
     TRAINING

    13 October 2013 13
    Annex 14 VOL II FATO (Final Approach & Take Off)
    Day or Night VFR (Visual Flight Rules)

    13 October 2013 14
    13 October 2013 15
    13 October 2013 16
    13 October 2013 17
    13 October 2013 18
    • Safety Around Helicopters
    • Ground to air signals/Helicopter marshalling
    • Helicopter start-up and shut-down
    • Night Vision Goggles
    • Passenger Control
    • Equipment/Crash Box, Flares, Anemometer, Lights
    • HLS (Helicopter Landing Site) specifications & Setup:
    Certified, Prepared & Unprepared
    • Day/Night Flight
    • Search and Rescue
    • HLSO Manual & HLSO Operations Manual/Duties and responsibilities
    • Helicopters, specific roles and various types

    13 October 2013 19
    Operational Equipment NVG How does it work

    The ANVIS 9, Aviator Night Vision Goggles, Model M949 is based on the military DoD
    nomenclature AN/AVS-9. L3 has made significant design improvements to the Aviator
    NV imaging system (ANVIS). Improving situational awareness, system performance, in
    addition to ergonomic and technological enhancements benefit both law enforcement
    and civil operators. The M949 features binocular viewing for optimized depth
    perception. The large 25 mm eyepieces provide improved eye relief enabling excellent
    viewing while easily accommodating eye glasses. Ergonomically designed interface
    controls including inter-pupillary adjustments and vertical, fore-aft, and tilt adjustments
    provide improved viewing of the entire system field of view (40 degrees).
    13 October 2013 20
    GPS FLIGHT FOLLOWING

    SPIDERTRACKS

    ARTEX 406 ELT

    13 October 2013 21
    13 October 2013 22
    13 October 2013 23
    13 October 2013 24
    13 October 2013 25
    13 October 2013 26
    ACCIDENTS
    Rotary Wing (Helicopter) Night Flying
    Operations of rotary wing aircraft at night using visual flight rules (VFR) is an extremely
    dangerous tasking and has resulted in many fatalities. (Worldwide 285 fatal accidents
    between 2000 and 2010 source:

    http://www.aopa.org/asf/ntsb/searchResults.cfm?tss=4

    13 October 2013 27
    BROWNOUT ACCIDENTS

    The U.S. Military in Afghanistan and Iraq cites


    brownout as the cause in three out of every four
    helicopter accidents

    http://www.military.com/video/military-aircraft-operations/crash-
    landings/failed-cobra-takeoff-in-brownout/1047651081001/

    13 October 2013 28
    Latest Unprepared Landing Site Accident

    Rescue 700 (Bell 412)/Registration VH-EMZ


    Prince of Wales Island, Torres Strait
    13th June 2013
    13 October 2013 29
    13 October 2013 30
    13 October 2013 31
    SQUIRREL AS350
    GROUND RESONANCE ACCIDENT

    13 October 2013 32
    13 October 2013 33
    13 October 2013 34
    EXAMPLES OF HELICOPTER TYPES

    Sikorsky S76 Capricorn


    13 October 2013 35
    BELL 412EP
    13 October 2013 36
    AgustaWestland AW139

    13 October 2013 37
    13 October 2013 38
    S-70A-9 Black Hawk/NRL Grand Final 04/10/2009 ANZ Stadium Sydney

    13 October 2013 39
    SYNOPSIS
    Helicopter Emergency Medical Services conducted as Aerial
    Work Category operations have been the norm, but in the final
    analysis involve risk profiles that are unmanageable and
    therefore unacceptable – the following is recommended:
     Helicopter Landing Sites (including unprepared), require the
    implementation of minimum controls in accordance with I.C.A.O. ANNEX
    14 VOL II, i.e. defined safe landing area, x 2 independent light sources and
    Wind Indicator
     Helicopter Landing Site Officer Training
     An HLSO Manual that defines company specific procedures
     Portable and/or fixed emergency equipment

    13 October 2013 40
    THE END
    THANK YOU!
    Any Questions?

    13 October 2013 41

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