Woven Asbestos Tape: Standard Specification For
Woven Asbestos Tape: Standard Specification For
Woven Asbestos Tape: Standard Specification For
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
D 315 – 95 (2004)e1
TABLE 1 Grades of Woven Asbestos Tape 7. Chemical Composition
Grade Asbestos Content, mass % 7.1 Asbestos Content— The asbestos content of the particu-
Commercial 75 up to but excluding 80 lar grade specified shall be in accordance with the limits stated
Underwriters 80 up to but excluding 85
A 85 up to but excluding 90
in Table 1.
AA 90 up to but excluding 95
AAA 95 up to but excluding 99 8. Physical Properties
AAAA 99 to 100 inclusive
8.1 Electromagnetic Properties—Tape to be used for elec-
trical insulating purposes shall conform to the requirements in
Specification D 2100.
Type IV Magnetic Rating 2.00 maximum 9. Mechanical Properties
Type VI Magnetic Rating 4.00 maximum
4.3.2 Type II is intended only for special applications where 9.1 Tensile Breaking Strength—The tensile (breaking)
the asbestos is of primary importance as electrical insulation strength (breaking load) of asbestos tape shall be as agreed
used on magnet wire and when used primarily as a dielectric. upon between the buyer and seller.
4.3.3 Type IV is intended for use where the asbestos is of
10. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations
secondary importance as electrical insulation and where it is
applied in combination with other materials of comparably 10.1 The physical properties of woven asbestos tape shall
higher dielectric strength, as in the construction of heat and conform to the requirements as specified in the order, subject to
flame resistant electrical insulating walls over unit conductors the following tolerances:
of electric cables. 10.1.1 Width—The width of asbestos tape shall be within
4.3.4 Type VI is intended for use where the asbestos is of the following limits:
minor importance as a dielectric, as in the construction of filler Nominal Width Permissible Limits
Up to and including 25.4 mm (1 in.) 61.5 mm (0.059 in.)
or heat and flame resistant walls of electric cables or when used Over 25.4 mm (1 in.) up to and including 62.5 mm (0.098 in.)
as a lining for control enclosures (arc chutes) subject to 75 mm (3 in.)
exposure to electric arcs. Over 75 mm (3 in.) 63.0 mm (0.18 in.)
Nominal Thickness Nominal Roll Length 10.1.3 Mass per Unit Length (Weight)—The linear density
Up to and including 0.75 mm (0.03 in.) 30 m (36 yd) (weight) of asbestos tape shall be within 610 % of the
Over 0.75 mm (0.03 in.) up to and 30 m (100 ft)
including 1.5 mm (1⁄16 in.) specified mass per unit length (weight).
Over 1.5 mm (1⁄16 in.) 15 or 30 m (50 or 100 ft) 10.1.4 Fabric Count— The total number of warp ends and
5.3 Special roll lengths shall be as agreed upon between the filling picks per 25 mm (1 in.) shall be within the following
buyer and seller. limits:
5.4 At least 90 % of the number of rolls in the lots shall be Total Warp Ends Permissible Limits
All widths 610 % of the specified number of ends
furnished as one piece. No roll shall contain more than two Picks per 25 mm (1 in.)
pieces. The shortest piece shall not be less than 20 % of the 20 or less per 25 mm (1 in.) 61 pick per 25 mm (1 in.)
specified nominal roll length. More than 20 per 25 mm (1 in.) 65 % of the specified filling count.
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D 315 – 95 (2004)e1
TABLE 2 Lot Sample Size psi) to the specimen. Make ten thickness measurements on a
Number of Rolls Number of Rolls specimen from each roll taken for test distributed approxi-
in Lot or Shipment to Be Taken for Test mately uniformly along the specimen. Make no measurement
50 and under 3 on the selvage edge of the specimen.
51 to 100 5
101 to 250 7
13.4.2.2 Report the average of all measurements as the
251 to 500 10 average thickness of the lot.
501 to 700 12 13.4.3 Linear Density:
701 to 1000 15
1001 rolls and over 2 % of shipment rounded off
13.4.3.1 From each roll taken for test, cut a specimen not
to the next higher integer less than 1.5 m (5 ft) in length and the full width of the tape,
measuring the length of the specimen to the nearest 2.5 mm
(0.1 in.), using a steel tape or rigid rule. Make sure that the
TABLE 3 Components of Variance for the Properties Listed, as specimen is free from tension, wrinkles, and folds. Weigh the
Standard Deviations specimen to the nearest 0.1 g (0.01 oz). Using the average
Single-Operator Interlaboratory length and mass, calculate the linear density (weight) in kg/100
Property Units
Repeatability Reproducibility m (lb/100 ft).
Width mm 0.719 0.328 13.4.3.2 Report the average linear density (weight) in kg/
(in.) (0.0283) (0.0129) 100 m (lb/100 ft) as the linear density (weight) of the tape.
Thickness mm 0.043 0.030
(in.) (0.0017) (0.0012)
13.4.4 Fabric Count:
Fabric count 13.4.4.1 Ends—Determine the fabric count (warp yarn
Warp number 0.196 0.290 ends per 25 mm (1 in.) and filling yarn picks per 25 mm (1 in.)
Filling number (0.1811) (0.1526)
Tensile (breaking) strength
on one or more specimens from each sample roll as directed in
(breaking load)A Test Method D 3775.
Warp N 21.8 71.9 13.4.4.2 Picks—Report the number of picks per 25 mm (1
(lbf) (4.91) (16.17)
Linear density (weight) kg/100 m 0.3049 0.0902
in.) counted to the nearest individual warp yarn and the picks
(lb/100 ft) (0.2049) (0.0606) per 25 mm (1 in.) calculated to the nearest filling yarn.
A
Each laboratory tensile (breaking) strength, or breaking load was on a different 13.4.4.3 Report the average number of picks per inch
value level. observed for all specimens.
13.5 Precision and Bias—Refer to Section 14.
change in mass of no more than 0.1 % after an exposure of 0.5 13.6 Asbestos Content:
h, in an atmosphere having a relative humidity of 50 6 2 % at 13.6.1 Determine the asbestos content of one or more
21 6 1.1°C. specimens from each roll taken for test as directed in Test
Method D 1918.
13. Test Methods 13.6.2 Report the average asbestos content as directed in
Test Method D 1918.
MENSURATION 13.7 Tensile (Breaking) Strength (Breaking Load):
13.1 Scope—This test method covers the measurements of 13.7.1 Determine the breaking load, as directed in 13.7.2
the width, thickness, mass per unit length (weight), and fabric and 13.7.3. Use a specimen about 150 mm (6 in.) long and a
count for woven asbestos tape. nominal gage length of 75 mm (3 in.). Use a constant rate of
13.2 Significance and Use—The measurements determined traverse type tensile testing machine operated at 300 6 10 mm
on woven asbestos tapes establish their suitability for use in (12 6 0.5 in.)/min. If agreed upon between the buyer and
various product applications. These dimensions constitute an seller, a constant rate of elongation machine may be used.
important part of the information specified on purchase con- 13.7.2 Tapes up to and Including 40 mm (1.5 in.) Wide—
tracts. Make five tests full width in the warp direction using clamps
13.3 Hazards—Warning—see 1.3. having a nominal width of 50 mm (2 in.).
13.4 Procedure: 13.7.3 Tapes over 40 mm (1.5 in.) Wide—Test five speci-
13.4.1 Width: mens taken in the warp direction by the Grab-Method as
13.4.1.1 Measure the width of the tape on each roll taken for directed in Test Methods D 1682.
test by the use of a standard steel rule graduated in millimetres 13.7.4 Report the average of the results as the breaking load
(1⁄16-in.) or finer divisions. Make the measurements while the of the lot tested.
tape lies flat and without tension on a smooth surface. Make
five measurements at least 300 mm (1 ft) apart in each roll. 14. Precision and Bias
13.4.1.2 Report the average of the measurements on all rolls
14.1 Interlaboratory Test Data5—An interlaboratory test
as the width of the lot under test.
was run in 1974 in which randomly drawn samples of three
13.4.2 Thickness:
materials were tested in four laboratories. One operator in each
13.4.2.1 Measure the thickness of the tape as directed in
Method D 1777. Use a gage having a circular pressor foot with
a nominal diameter of 9.5 mm (0.375 in.). The pressor foot and
moving parts shall be weighted so as to apply a total load of 5
ASTM Research Report RR: D-13-1048 is available on loan from ASTM
170 6 3 g (66 0.1 oz) equivalent in pressure to 23.4 kPa (3.4 International Headquarters, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.
3
D 315 – 95 (2004)e1
laboratory tested five specimens of each material. The compo- limits should be considered to be a general statement particularly with
nents of variance expressed as standard deviations were respect to between-laboratory precision. Before a meaningful statement
calculated to be the values listed in Table 3. can be made about two specific laboratories, the amount of statistical bias,
if any, between them must be established, with each comparison being
14.2 Critical Differences—For the components of variance, based on recent data obtained on specimens randomly drawn from one
two averages of observed values should be considered signifi- sample of the material to be evaluated.
cantly different at the 95 % probability level if the difference
14.3 Bias—The true value of the properties listed in Table 3
equals or exceeds the critical differences listed in Table 4.
and Table 4 can only be defined in terms of specific test
NOTE 1—The tabulated values of the critical differences and confidence methods. Within these limitations, the procedures in Specifi-
cation D 315 for determining those properties have no known
TABLE 4 Critical DifferencesA for the Conditions Noted and the bias and are usually accepted in commerce.
Units Indicated
Single-Operator 15. Rejection and Rehearing
Number of Interlaboratory
Property
Observations
Units 15.1 The buyer and the seller may agree on a procedure to
Repeat- Reproduc-
ability ibility
establish conformance, including control charts furnished by
the seller, a sequential sampling plan, or the double-sampling
Width 1 mm 1.99 2.19
(in.) (0.0784) (0.0862) plan outlined in 15.2.
4 mm 0.996 1.35 15.2 In the absence of a control chart or sequential sampling
(in.) (0.0392) (0.0531) plan, proceed as directed in 15.2.1 through 15.2.3.
8 mm 0.704 1.15
(in.) (0.0277) (0.0452) 15.2.1 If the test results for the lot conform to the require-
Thickness 1 mm 0.119 0.147 ments for all characteristics listed in 10.1.1 through 10.1.8 , the
(in.) (0.0047) (0.0058)
4 mm 0.061 0.104
lot shall be considered acceptable.
(in.) (0.0024) (0.0041) 15.2.2 If the test results for one or more characteristics do
8 mm 0.043 0.094 not conform to the requirements, take a new laboratory sample
(in.) (0.0017) (0.0037)
Fabric count
from either the original lot sample or a new lot sample. Test the
Warp 1 number 0.54 0.97 new sample for the characteristic(s) that did not conform to the
4 number 0.27 0.85 requirements in the first test and average the results of the first
8 number 0.19 0.83
Filling 1 number 0.50 0.66
and second samples as if they were one test of double the
4 number 0.25 0.49 original number of specimens. If the new average(s) con-
8 number 0.18 0.46 form(s) to the specified requirements, the lot shall be consid-
Tensile (breaking) strength
(breaking load)
ered acceptable.
Warp 1 N 60.54 208.3 15.2.3 If the test results obtained as directed in 15.2.2 do not
(lbf) (13.61) (46.83) conform to the specified requirements, the lot shall be consid-
4 N 30.25 201.6
(lbf) (6.80) (45.32)
ered unacceptable.
8 N 21.40 200.5
(lbf) (4.81) (45.07) 16. Packaging
Linear density 1 kg/100 m 0.83 0.85
(weight)
16.1 Standard Packages—Asbestos tapes for electrical in-
(lb/100 ft) (0.56) (0.57) sulation (plain tapes up to and including 0.75 mm (0.03 in.)
4 kg/100 m 0.42 0.49 thick) are generally furnished in 30-mm (36-yard) rolls wound
(lb/100 ft) (0.28) (0.33)
8 kg/100 m 0.30 0.39
on bushings. Industrial tapes of 0.8-mm (1⁄32-in.) and greater
(lb/100 ft) (0.20) (0.26) thickness are furnished in 30 and 50-mm (100 and 150 ft) rolls.
A
The critical differences were calculated using F = 1.960, based on infinite See Table 5 and Table 6.
degrees of freedom.
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D 315 – 95 (2004)e1
TABLE 5 Metallic (Wire-Inserted) Woven Asbestos Tape
Thickness Width Approximate Length per Unit Mass Approximate Mass per Unit Length
mm (in.) mm (in.) m/kg (ft/lb) kg/100 m (lb/100 ft)
1.6 ~1 / 16! 13 (0.5) 43 (64) 2.3 (1.6)
20 (0.75) 28 (43) 3.5 (2.3)
25 (1) 21 (32) 4.6 (3.1)
30 (1.25) 16 (24) 6.2 (4.2)
40 (1.5) 12 (19) 7.8 (5.3)
50 (2) 10 (15) 9.0 (6.6)
65 (2.5) 8.1 (12) 12 (8.3)
75 (3) 6.7 (10) 15 (9.9)
90 (3.5) 5.8 (8.6) 17 (12)
100 (4) 5.1 (7.6) 20 (13)
115 (4.5) 4.5 (6.7) 22 (15)
130 (5) 4.1 (6.0) 25 (17)
140 (5.5) 3.7 (5.5) 27 (18)
150 (6) 3.5 (5.0) 30 (20)
3.2 ~1 / 8! 20 (0.75) 11.4 (17) 8.8 (5.9)
25 (1) 8.5 (13) 12 (7.9)
30 (1.25) 7.3 (11) 14 (9.1)
40 (1.5) 6.5 (10) 16 (10)
50 (2) 4.4 (6.6) 23 (15)
65 (2.5) 3.8 (5.6) 27 (18)
75 (3) 3.0 (4.4) 34 (23)
90 (3.5) 2.6 (3.8) 39 (26)
100 (4) 2.3 (3.4) 44 (30)
110 (4.5) 2.0 (3.0) 49 (33)
130 (5) 1.8 (2.7) 54 (36)
140 (5.5) 1.7 (2.5) 59 (40)
150 (6) 1.6 (2.3) 65 (43)
6.4 ~1 / 4! 25 (1) 4.8 (7.1) 21 (14)
30 (1.25) 3.8 (5.7) 26 (18)
40 (1.5) 3.2 (4.7) 32 (21)
50 (2) 2.4 (3.5) 42 (38)
65 (2.5) 1.9 (2.8) 53 (35)
75 (3) 1.6 (2.3) 65 (44)
90 (3.5) 1.3 (2.0) 74 (50)
100 (4) 1.2 (1.8) 84 (56)
110 (4.5) 1.1 (1.6) 93 (63)
130 (5) 0.94 (1.4) 105 (70)
140 (5.5) 0.87 (1.3) 115 (77)
150 (6) 0.74 (1.1) 125 (87)
Thickness Width Approximate Length per Unit Mass Approximate Mass per Unit Length
mm (in.) mm (in.) m/kg (ft/lb) kg/100 m (lb/100 ft)
0.25 (0.01) 13 (0.5) 280 (420) 0.36 (0.24)
20 (0.75) 200 (290) 0.51 (0.34)
25 (1) 150 (220) 0.67 (0.45)
30 (1.25) 120 (180) 0.82 (0.55)
40 (1.5) 100 (160) 0.95 (0.64)
45 (1.75) 90 (130) 1.1 (0.75)
50 (2) 80 (120) 1.3 (0.85)
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D 315 – 95 (2004)e1
TABLE 6 Continued
Thickness Width Approximate Length per Unit Mass Approximate Mass per Unit Length
mm (in.) mm (in.) m/kg (ft/lb) kg/100 m (lb/100 ft)
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D 315 – 95 (2004)e1
TABLE 6 Continued
Thickness Width Approximate Length per Unit Mass Approximate Mass per Unit Length
mm (in.) mm (in.) m/kg (ft/lb) kg/100 m (lb/100 ft)
3.25 ( 1/8 ) 20 (0.75) 14 (21) 7.0 (4.7)
25 (1) 11 (16) 9.4 (6.3)
30 (1.25) 9.1 (14) 11 (7.3)
40 (1.5) 8.1 (12) 12 (8.3)
45 (2) 5.5 (8.2) 18 (12)
50 (2.5) 4.7 (7.0) 21 (14)
75 (3) 3.7 (5.5) 27 (18)
90 (3.5) 3.2 (4.8) 31 (21)
100 (4) 2.8 (4.2) 35 (24)
115 (4.5) 2.6 (3.8) 39 (26)
125 (5) 2.3 (3.4) 43 (29)
140 (5.5) 2.1 (3.1) 48 (32)
150 (6) 1.9 (2.9) 52 (35)
17. Keywords
17.1 asbestos; tape; testing; textile; woven; woven asbestos
tape
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