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    (20-21) Lab #10 FH Permeability Test

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    JayHat
    1. Prepare and saturate a soil sample in a permeameter cell. 2. Fill the burette and record the initial water height (h1). 3. Measure the time for water to fall from h1 to h2. 4. Calculate the permeability using the change in head over time and sample/burette properties. 5. Repeat steps 2-4 for additional runs and calculate the average permeability.

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    (20-21) Lab #10 FH Permeability Test

    Uploaded by

    JayHat
    89 views9 pages
    1. Prepare and saturate a soil sample in a permeameter cell. 2. Fill the burette and record the initial water height (h1). 3. Measure the time for water to fall from h1 to h2. 4. Calculate the permeability using the change in head over time and sample/burette properties. 5. Repeat steps 2-4 for additional runs and calculate the average permeability.

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    1. Prepare and saturate a soil sample in a permeameter cell. 2. Fill the burette and record the initial water height (h1). 3. Measure the time for water to fall from h1 to h2. 4. Calculate the permeability using the change in head over time and sample/burette properties. 5. Repeat steps 2-4 for additional runs and calculate the average permeability.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    89 views9 pages

    (20-21) Lab #10 FH Permeability Test

    Uploaded by

    JayHat
    1. Prepare and saturate a soil sample in a permeameter cell. 2. Fill the burette and record the initial water height (h1). 3. Measure the time for water to fall from h1 to h2. 4. Calculate the permeability using the change in head over time and sample/burette properties. 5. Repeat steps 2-4 for additional runs and calculate the average permeability.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9

    12/06/20

    Duhok Technical College of Engineering


    Dept. of Highways & Bridges
    Geotechnical Engineering Lab
    3rd Year (20 – 21)

    Lab Notes #10


    ‫زانكـــويا پوليتــــةكنيكى يا دهـــوك‬
    ‫جامعــــــــة دهــــــــــوك التقـــــنية‬
    Lecturer Assist.: Nazeer M. Ali Duhok Polytechnic University
    1

    Standard Test Methods for


    Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of
    Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible
    Wall Permeameter (Falling Head)

    ASTM D5084 – 03
    References:
    1. https://www.scribd.com/doc/241309538/Falling-Head-Permeability-Test-lab-report
    2. SOIL MECHANICS - LAB MANUAL (B. DAS, 9TH Ed. 2016 )
    2

    1
    12/06/20

    WHAT IS PERMEABILITY?
    • A measure of how easily a fluid (e.g., Water) can pass through a porous
    medium (e.g., Soils)

    Loose Soil
    Dense Soil
     Easy to Flow
     Difficult to Flow
     High Permeability
     Low Permeability

    OBJECTIVE

    1. To Determine permeability of soils of Intermediate and Low permeability

     (k < 10-4 m/s) - Silts and Clays.

    2. To Describe the general accepted practice to determine the Coefficient

    of Permeability, k of Silts and Clays.

    3. To Identify the relationship between Permeability and Pore Size of the

    Fine grained soils.

    4. To Measure the Coefficient of Permeability, k of Silts and Clays.

    2
    12/06/20

    THEORY BACKGROUND

    • In the Falling head test a relatively short sample is connected to a Standpipe


    which provides both
     The Head of water and
     The measuring the Quantity of Water flowing through the sample.
    • Several Standpipes of different diameters are available from which can be
    selected the diameter most suitable for the type of material being tested.
    • In Permeability Tests on Clays, much higher hydraulic gradients (i) than are
    normally used with Sands can be applied.
    • The cohesion of Clays provides resistance to failure by piping at gradients
    of up to several hundred, even under quite low confining or surcharge
    pressures.
    5

    THEORY BACKGROUND
    • The Falling head principle can be applied to:
     An Undisturbed Sample in a Sampling Tube and
     A sample in an Oedometer Consolidation Cell.
    • The equation used in determine the Permeability of Fine grained soils is:

    • The time difference (t2 − t1) can be expressed as the Elapsed time, t (mins).
    • The heights h1 and h2 in (mm)
    • The Length, L in (mm)
    • The areas A and a in mm2.
    𝒂𝑳 𝒉𝟏
    𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚, 𝑲𝑻 = 𝑨 𝒙 𝟔𝟎𝒕 𝒍𝒏 (mm/s)
    𝒉𝟐
    6

    3
    12/06/20

    THEORY BACKGROUND
    • To convert Natural logarithms to ordinary (base 10) logarithms,
    • Multiply by 2.303.
    • If Permeability, k is expressed in cm/s;

     h1 = Initial head
     h2 = Final head
     t = Time interval
     ɑ = Cross-sectional area of the liquid Stand pipe
     A = Cross-sectional area of the Soil sample
     L = Length of Soil sample
    7

    TEST METHOD

    • The Time to perform permeability test depends on:

    1. The Initial Degree of Saturation of the test specimen,

    2. The Hydraulic Conductivity of the test specimen.

    • The testing time is ultimately controlled by meeting the Equilibrium criteria


    for each Method.

    4
    12/06/20

    TEST EQUIPMENT
    1. Falling head Permeameter,
    2. Balance sensitive to 0.1 g.
    3. Thermometer
    4. Stopwatch
    5. Funnel
    6. Two wire mesh
    7. Different stand pipe Dimeters
    7. Two porous stone
    8. Water basin to get full saturation

    FALLING HEAD PERMEAMETER


    • The top of the specimen tube is connected to a burette (Manometer ) by
    plastic tubing.

    • The specimen tube and the burette are


    held vertically by clamps from a stand.
    • The specimen tube is in water basin
    when testing (Optional, depend on soil
    sample type or Permeameter cell type)
    • The funnel is held vertically by a clamp
    from another stand.
    • A scale is also fixed vertically to this
    stand.
    10

    5
    12/06/20

    TEST PROCEDURE
    1. Prepare the soil sample similar to compaction test.

    • Put one wire mesh over the porous stone at the base of Specimen

    • Place a soil sample in the cell, then put the second wire mesh below the
    porous stone,

    • Add sufficient amount of water to the soil, make about three layers and
    compact each layer constant number of blows.(The sample must be fine soil).

    2. When you finished put the sample in to water basin for getting full saturation
    Specimen for (24 hour).

    3. The Length L, and Diameter D of the specimen along with Masses M1 and M2
    should be recorded (DS Table: Lines 1 to 4).

    • Connect the plastic tube at the top of specimen


    11

    TEST PROCEDURE

    4. Supply Water using a plastic tube with funnel from the water inlet to the burette

    • The water will flow from the burette to the specimen .

    • Check to see that there is no leak.

    • Remove all Air bubbles.

    5. Allow the water to flow for some time in order to Saturate the specimen.

    6. When the water will flow from outlet:

    • Using the Control valve , close the flow of water through the specimen.

    • Record the high of water in burette (Manometer) - h1

    7. Open the valve, water will flow through sample until high of (h2) at certain time
    (t).
    12

    6
    12/06/20

    TEST PROCEDURE
    8. Measure the head difference, h (cm).

    • Do not add any more water to the burette.

    • Record time (t) with a stopwatch until the head difference is equal to h2 (cm).

    9. Determine the Volume (Vw) of water (cm3 ) that is drained from burette.

    10. Chang the level of sample, add more Water to the burette to make another
    run.

    • Repeat Steps 6 to 9.

    • h1 and h2 should be changed for each run.

    11. Record the Temperature, T, of the water to the nearest degree (°C).

    13

    CALCULATIONS
    • Calculate void ratio, e (Table 14-1) in a similar way in Table 13-4.

    • The Coefficient of Permeability at temperature T, (cm/sec):

    ɑ = the inside cross-sectional area of the burette (Standpipe)

    (See Line 8 of Table 14-2)

    A = Area of the specimen (As in CHP Test)

    (See Bottom of Table 14-2)


    14

    7
    12/06/20

    CALCULATIONS
    • Calculate KT at temperature of 20ºC (Temp. Correction):

     K TºC = Measured Permeability at the actual water temperature in the


    Lab

     K20ºC = Permeability at the Standard temperature of 20 ºC

    3. Report the Average value of Coefficient of Permeability.

    15

    FALLING HEAD Permeability DATA SHEET

    16

    8
    12/06/20

    LABORATORY REPORT
    • The laboratory report should contain the following:

     Cover page

     Equipment used

     Description of test procedure

     Results: data sheets for void ratio determination and determination of the
    coefficient of permeability, as well as sample calculations

     Discussion- If the value of D10 is available, calculate the values of k using


    Eqs. (13.5) and (13.6) and Fig. 13-3. Discuss the variation of k between
    the value determined experimentally and those estimated from the above-
    mentioned equations and graph.

     Sources of error: discuss any source(s) of error


    17

    THE END

    ANY QUESTIONS

    ‫زانكـــويا پوليتــــةكنيكى يا دهـــؤك‬


    ‫جامعــــــــة دهــــــــــوك التقـــــنية‬
    Assistant Lecturer : Nazeer M. Ali Duhok Polytechnic University

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