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    Chemsheets Oxidation-States

    Uploaded by

    Shiv Patel
    This document discusses oxidation states, including rules for assigning oxidation states and calculating oxidation states for various elements and compounds. The document also covers the typical range of oxidation states for different elements in the periodic table.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Chemsheets Oxidation-States

    Uploaded by

    Shiv Patel
    302 views2 pages
    This document discusses oxidation states, including rules for assigning oxidation states and calculating oxidation states for various elements and compounds. The document also covers the typical range of oxidation states for different elements in the periodic table.

    Original Title

    _2. Chemsheets Oxidation-States

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    This document discusses oxidation states, including rules for assigning oxidation states and calculating oxidation states for various elements and compounds. The document also covers the typical range of oxidation states for different elements in the periodic table.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    302 views2 pages

    Chemsheets Oxidation-States

    Uploaded by

    Shiv Patel
    This document discusses oxidation states, including rules for assigning oxidation states and calculating oxidation states for various elements and compounds. The document also covers the typical range of oxidation states for different elements in the periodic table.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    OXIDATION STATES

    • When using oxidation states, we effectively imagine everything to be an ion – the oxidation state is the charge it would
    have if it was an ion.

    • RULES for assigning oxidation states:

    a) On simple ions, the oxidation state is the charge on the ion


    2+ -
    e.g. Cu (Cu +2); Cl (Cl –1); Al2O3 (Al +3, O -2)

    b) In elements, the oxidation state is always zero


    e.g. Cl2 (Cl 0)

    c) The total of all the oxidation states must always equal the overall charge on the species.

    d) In molecules and more complex ions, the more electronegative element is assumed to be the negative ion

    e) H is nearly always +1 and oxygen –2


    e.g. CH4 (C -4,
    4, H +1); CO2 (C +4, O -2); H2O (H +1, O -2)

    1) Calculate the oxidation state of the stated element in each of the following species:

    2+
    species Fe FeCl3 FeCl2 K2FeO4 [Fe(H2O)6]

    oxidation state Fe --.. Fe --.. Fe --.. Fe --.. Fe --..

    - -
    species Cl2 ClO3 ClO Cl2O7 Cl2O3

    oxidation state Cl --.. Cl --.. Cl --.. Cl --.. Cl --..

    2) Calculate the oxidation state of each element in the following:

    species SO2 S8 SO3 H2S NH3

    oxidation state S --. O --. S --.. S --. O --. H --. S --. N --. H --.

    - 2-
    species NO2 NO3 N2 KCl SO4

    oxidation state N --. O --. N --. O --. N --.. K --. Cl --. S --. O --.

    2- -
    species Na2CO3 Cr2O3 CrO3 MnO4 MnO4

    oxidation state Na-. C -. O -. Cr --. O --. Cr --. O --. Mn --. O --. Mn --. O --.

    species Cu2O CuO KCuCl2 NaH H2O2

    oxidation state Cu --. O --. Cu --. O --. K-. Cu -. Cl -. Na --. H --. H --. O --.

    © www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 11-December-2015 Chemsheets AS 1034


    • Range of oxidation states – this is limited by the position of an element in the Periodic Table as the diagram below
    shows.
    • For example, N is in group 5 and could lose up to 5 electrons (oxidation state +5) or gain 3 electrons (oxidation state
    -3) before another shell of electrons is affected.
    •

    • With the transition metals, they usually have positive oxidation states as they are metals, losing electrons until they
    reach a Group 0 noble gas electron configuration, but not usually being higher than +7 in practice

    +4 to –4 +5 to –3

    max +5 max +7
    C N +6 to –2

    S
    Ti V Cr Mn Fe Br
    +7 to –1

    max +4 max +6 highest


    seen is +6

    3) Give the likely range of oxidation state for each of the following elements.

    a) phosphorus ------------------

    b) silicon ------------------

    c) iodine ------------------

    d) gallium ------------------

    4) State whether each of these oxidation states is likely to occur in stable compounds.

    a) Sc +3 -----.

    b) Ni +2 -----.

    c) K +2 -----.

    d) W +6 -----.

    e) Se -3 -----.

    f) Mo +7 -----.

    g) Sb +5 -----.

    © www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 11-December-2015 Chemsheets AS 1034

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