Jim Jones

Jim Jones
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the Peoples Temple leader. For other persons of the same name, see Jim
Jones (disambiguation).Jim Jones
Born James W. Jones
May 13, 1931
Crete, Indiana, U.S.
Died November 18, 1978 (aged 47)
Jonestown, Guyana
Occupation Leader, Peoples Temple
James Warren "Jim" Jones (May 13, 1931 ± November 18, 1978) was the founder and leader of
the Peoples Temple, which is best known for the November 18, 1978 death of more than 900
Temple members in Jonestown, Guyana along with the deaths of five other people at a nearby
airstrip and in Georgetown, Guyana.
Jones was born in Indiana and started the Temple in that state in the 1950s. Jones and the Temple
later moved to California, and both gained notoriety with the move of the Temple's headquarters
to San Francisco in the mid-1970s.
The greatest single loss of American civilian life in a non-natural disaster until the events of
September 11, 2001, the tragedy at Guyana also ranks among the largest mass murders/mass
suicides in history. One of those who died at the nearby airstrip was Leo Ryan, who became the
only Congressman murdered in the line of duty in the history of the United States.[1]Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Building the Temple

2.1 Indiana beginnings
2.2 Integrationist
2.3 Jones' "Rainbow Family"
2.4 Asylum
2.5 California Eden
3 Move to San Francisco
4 Jonestown's formation and operation
4.1 New children
4.2 Pressure and waning political support
5 Visit by Congressman Ryan, murders
5.1 Port Kaituma Airstrip shootings
5.2 Deaths in Jonestown
6 Other issues
7 Family aftermath
7.1 Marceline
7.2 Stephan, Jim Jr. and Tim Jones
7.3 Lew, Agnes and Suzanne Jones
7.4 John Stoen and Kimo
8 Notes
9 References
10 Bibliography
11 External links
[edit]
Early life
Lynetta Putnam Jones, the mother of Jim Jones
Jim Jones was born in Crete, Indiana, a rural unincorporated community in Randolph County
near the Ohio border,[2] to James Thurman Jones (May 31, 1887 ± May 29, 1951), a World War
I veteran, and Lynetta Putnam (April 16, 1902 ± December 11, 1977).[3] He was of Irish and
Welsh descent.[4] Jones would later claim partial Cherokee ancestry through his mother, though
this was likely false according to his maternal second cousin Barbara Shaffer.[4][note 1]
Economic difficulties during the Great Depression necessitated that Jones' family move to
nearby Lynn, Indiana in 1934.[5] Jim Jones and a childhood friend both claimed that Jones'
father was associated with the Ku Klux Klan.[5]
In interviews for the 2006 documentary Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples Temple,
childhood acquaintances recalled Jones as being a "really weird kid" who was "obsessed with
religion ... obsessed with death", and claimed that he frequently held funerals for small animals,
and had reportedly fatally stabbed a cat as a young child.[6]
Jones was a voracious reader as a child and studied Joseph Stalin, Karl Marx, Mahatma Gandhi
and Adolf Hitler carefully,[7] noting each of their strengths and weaknesses.[7] After Jones'
parents separated, he moved with his mother to Richmond, Indiana.[8] Jones graduated from
Richmond High School early and with honors in December 1948.[9]
Jones married nurse Marceline Baldwin in 1949, and moved to Bloomington, Indiana.[10] Jones
attended Indiana University at Bloomington, where a speech by Eleanor Roosevelt about the
plight of African Americans impressed him.[10] Jones' sympathetic statements about
communism offended Marceline's grandmother.[10] In 1951, Jones moved to Indianapolis,
where he attended night school at Butler University, earning a degree in secondary education in
1961.[11]
[edit]
Building the Temple
[edit]
Indiana beginnings
Further information: Peoples Temple
In 1951, Jones became a member of the Communist Party USA, and began attending meetings
and rallies in Indianapolis.[12] Jones became flustered with harassment he received during the
McCarthy Hearings,[12] particularly regarding an event he attended with his mother focusing on
Paul Robeson after which she was harassed by the FBI in front of her co-workers for
attending.[13] He also became frustrated with what he perceived to be ostracism of open
communists in the United States, especially during the trial of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg.[14]
This frustration, among other things, provoked a seminal moment for Jones in which he asked
himself "how can I demonstrate my Marxism? The thought was, infiltrate the church."[12][13]
Jones' interest in religion began during his childhood, primarily because he found making friends
difficult, though initially he vacillated on his church of choice.[4] Jones was surprised when a
Methodist superintendent helped Jones to get a start in the church even though he knew Jones to
be a communist and Jones did not meet him through the American Communist Party.[14] In
1952, Jones became a student pastor in Sommerset Southside Methodist Church, but left that
church because its leaders barred him from integrating blacks into his congregation.[12] Around
this time, Jones witnessed a faith-healing service at the Seventh Day Baptist Church.[12] He
observed that it attracted people and their money and concluded that, with financial resources
from such healings, he could help accomplish his social goals.[12]
Jones then began his own church, which changed names until it became the Peoples Temple
Christian Church Full Gospel.[12] Jones sold pet monkeys door-to-door to raise funds for his
church.[15]
Jones moved away from the American Communist Party and Maoists when ACP members and
Mao Zedong became critical of some of the policies of former Soviet leader Joseph Stalin.[14]
[edit]
Integrationist
In 1960, Indianapolis Democratic Mayor Charles Boswell appointed Jones as a director of the
Human Rights Commission.[16] Jones ignored Boswell's advice to keep a low profile, finding
new outlets for his views on local radio and television programs.[16] When the mayor and other
commissioners asked Jones to curtail his public actions, Jones resisted and was wildly cheered at
a meeting of the NAACP and Urban League when he yelled for his audience to be more militant,
and climaxed with "Let my people go!"[17]
During this time, Jones also helped to integrate churches, restaurants, the telephone company, the
police department, a theater, an amusement park, and the Methodist Hospital.[12] After
swastikas were painted on the homes of two African American families, Jones personally walked
the neighborhood comforting African Americans and counseling white families not to move, in
order to prevent white flight.[18] Jones set up stings to catch restaurants refusing to serve
African American customers.[18] Jones wrote to American Nazi leaders and then leaked their
responses to the media.[19] When Jones was accidentally placed in the black ward of a hospital
after a collapse in 1961, he refused to be moved and began to make the beds, and empty the bed
pans, of black patients.[20] Political pressures resulting from Jones' actions caused hospital
officials to desegregate the wards.[20]
Jones received considerable criticism in Indiana for his integrationist views.[12] White-owned
businesses and locals were critical of him.[18] A swastika was placed on the Temple, a stick of
dynamite was left in a Temple coal pile and a dead cat was thrown at Jones' house after a
threatening phone call.[19] Other incidents occurred, though some suspect that Jones himself
may have been involved in at least some of them.[19]
[edit]
Jones' "Rainbow Family"
Brochure of the Peoples Temple, portraying leader Jim Jones as the father of the "Rainbow
Family."
Jim and Marceline Jones adopted several children of at least partial non-Caucasian ancestry; he
referred to the clan as his "rainbow family,"[21] and stated: "Integration is a more personal thing
with me now. It's a question of my son's future."[22] That comported with Jones' portrayal of the
Temple overall as a "rainbow family."
The couple adopted three children of Korean-American ancestry: Lew, Suzanne and Stephanie.
Jones had been encouraging Temple members to adopt orphans from war ravaged Korea.[23]
Jones had long been critical of the United States' opposition to communist leader Kim Il-Sung's
1950 invasion of South Korea, calling it the "war of liberation" and stating that "the south is a
living example of all that socialism in the north has overcome."[24] In 1954, he and his wife also
adopted Agnes Jones, who was partly of Native American descent.[22][25] Agnes was 11 at the
time of her adoption.[26] Suzanne Jones was adopted at the age of six in 1959.[26] In June 1959,
the couple had their only biological child, Stephan Gandhi Jones.[25]
Two years later, in 1961, the Joneses became the first white couple in Indiana to adopt a black
child, James Warren Jones, Jr.[27] Marceline was once spat upon while she carried Jim Jr.[19]
The couple also adopted another son, who was white, named Tim.[25] Tim Jones, whose birth
mother was a member of the Peoples Temple, was originally named Timothy Glen Tupper.[22]
[edit]
Asylum
Belo Horizonte
Rio de Janeiro
Jones' Brazil locations
After a 1961 Temple speech about nuclear apocalypse,[20] and a January 1962 Esquire
Magazine article listing Belo Horizonte, Brazil, as a safe place in a nuclear war, Jones traveled
with his family to the Brazilian city with the idea of setting up a new Temple location.[28]
On his way to Brazil, Jones made his first trip into Guyana.[29] After arriving in Belo Horizonte,
the Joneses rented a modest three bedroom home.[30] Jones studied the local economy and
receptiveness of racial minorities to his message, though language remained a barrier.[31] Jones
was careful not to portray himself as a communist in a foreign territory, and spoke of an
apostolic communal lifestyle rather than of Castro or Marx.[32]
After becoming frustrated with the lack of resources in the locale, in mid-1963, the Joneses
moved to Rio de Janeiro.[33] There, they worked with the poor in Rio's slums.[33] Jones also
explored local Brazilian religion.[34]
Jones was plagued by guilt for leaving behind the Indiana civil rights struggle and possibly
losing what he had struggled to build there.[33] When Jones' associate preachers in Indiana told
him that the Temple was about to collapse without him, Jones returned.[35]
[edit]
California Eden
Los Angeles
San Francisco
Ukiah
Bakersfield
Fresno
Sacramento
Santa Rosa
Some of the Peoples Temple's California Locations
Further information: Peoples Temple and Peoples Temple in San Francisco

After Jones' return to Indiana from Brazil, in 1965, Jones claimed that the world would be
engulfed in a nuclear war on July 15, 1967, that would then create a new socialist Eden on earth,
and that the Temple must move to Northern California for safety.[12][36] Accordingly, the
Temple began moving to Redwood Valley, California.[12]
While Jones always spoke of the social gospel's virtues, before the late 1960s Jones chose to
conceal that his gospel was actually communism.[12] By the late 1960s, Jones began at least
partially openly revealing in Temple sermons his "Apostolic Socialism" concept.[12]
Specifically, "those who remained drugged with the opiate of religion had to be brought to
enlightenment -- socialism."[37] Jones often mixed those concepts, such as preaching that "If
you're born in capitalist America, racist America, fascist America, then you're born in sin. But if
you're born in socialism, you're not born in sin."[38]
By the early 1970s, Jones began deriding traditional Christianity as "fly away religion," rejecting
the Bible as being white men¶s' justification to subordinate women and subjugate people of color
and stating that it spoke of a "Sky God" who was no God at all.[12] Jones authored a booklet
titled "The Letter Killeth," criticizing the King James Bible.[39] Jones also began preaching that
he was the reincarnation of Jesus of Nazareth, Mahatma Gandhi, Buddha, Vladimir Lenin, and
Father Divine. In the documentary Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples Temple, former
Temple member Hue Fortson, Jr. quoted Jones as saying, "What you need to believe in is what
you can see...If you see me as your friend, I'll be your friend. As you see me as your father, I'll be
your father, for those of you that don't have a father...If you see me as your savior, I'll be your
savior. If you see me as your God, I'll be your God."[6]
By the spring of 1976, Jones began openly admitting even to outsiders that he was an atheist.[40]
Despite the Temple's fear that the IRS was investigating its religious tax exemption, by 1977
Marceline Jones admitted to the New York Times that, as early as age 18 when he watched his
then idol Mao Zedong overthrow the Chinese government, Jim Jones realized that the way to
achieve social change through Marxism in the United States was to mobilize people through
religion.[36] She stated that "Jim used religion to try to get some people out of the opiate of
religion," and had slammed the Bible on the table yelling "I've got to destroy this paper
idol!"[36] In one sermon, Jones said that, "You're gonna help yourself, or you'll get no help!
There's only one hope of glory; that's within you! Nobody's gonna come out of the sky! There's
no heaven up there! We'll have to make heaven down here!"[6]
[edit]
Move to San Francisco
Main article: Peoples Temple in San Francisco
Seal of the San Francisco Housing Authority
The move of Peoples Temple headquarters to San Francisco in 1975 invigorated Jones' political
career. After the Temple served an important role in the mayoral election victory of George
Moscone in 1975, Moscone appointed Jones as the Chairman of the San Francisco Housing
Authority Commission.[41]
Unlike most other figures deemed as cult leaders, Jones was able to gain public support and
contact with prominent local and national United States politicians. For example, Jones and
Moscone met privately with vice presidential candidate Walter Mondale on his campaign plane
days before the 1976 election and Mondale publicly praised the Temple.[42][43] First Lady
Rosalynn Carter also personally met with Jones on multiple occasions, corresponded with him
about Cuba, and spoke with him at the grand opening of the San Francisco Democratic Party
Headquarters where Jones garnered louder applause than Mrs. Carter.[42][44][45]
In September 1976, Willie Brown served as master of ceremonies at a large testimonial dinner
for Jones attended by Governor Jerry Brown and Lieutenant Governor Mervyn Dymally and
other political figures.[46] At that dinner, while introducing Jones, Willie Brown stated "Let me
present to you what you should see every day when you look in the mirror in the early morning
hours ... Let me present to you a combination of Martin King, Angela Davis, Albert Einstein ...
Chairman Mao."[47] Harvey Milk, who spoke at political rallies at the Temple,[48] and wrote to
Jones after a visit to the Temple: "Rev Jim, It may take me many a day to come back down from
the high that I reach today. I found something dear today. I found a sense of being that makes up
for all the hours and energy placed in a fight. I found what you wanted me to find. I shall be
back. For I can never leave."[49][50]
In his San Francisco Temple apartment, Jones regularly hosted San Francisco radical political
figures such as Angela Davis for discussions.[51] He spoke with friend and San Francisco Sun-
Reporter publisher Dr. Carlton Goodlett about Jones' remorse regarding not being able to travel
to socialist countries such as China and the Soviet Union, speculating that he could be Chief
Dairyman of the Soviet Union.[52] After his criticisms caused increased tensions with the Nation
of Islam, Jones spoke at a huge rally healing the rift between the two groups in the Los Angeles
Convention center attended by many of Jones' closest political acquaintances.[53]
While Jones forged media alliances with key columnists and others at the San Francisco
Chronicle and other media outlets,[54] the move to San Francisco also brought increasing media
scrutiny. After Chronicle reporter Marshall Kilduff encountered resistance to publishing an
expose, he brought his story to New West Magazine.[55] In the summer of 1977, Jones and
several hundred Temple members moved to the Temple's "Agricultural Project" in Guyana after
they learned of the contents of Kilduff's article to be published in which former Temple members
claimed they were physically, emotionally, and sexually abused.[45][56] Jones named the
settlement Jonestown after himself.
[edit]
Jonestown's formation and operation
Jonestown
Georgetown
Kaituma
Peoples Temple Agricultural Project ("Jonestown", Guyana)
Main article: Jonestown
Jones had first started building Jonestown in 1974 as a means to create both a "socialist paradise"
and a "sanctuary" from the media scrutiny which had started in 1972.[57] Regarding the former
goal, Jones purported to establish Jonestown as a benevolent model communist community
stating, "I believe we¶re the purest communists there are."[58] In that regard, like the restrictive
emigration policies of the then Soviet Union, Cuba, North Korea and other communist republics,
Jones did not permit members to leave Jonestown.[59]
Religious scholar Mary McCormick Maaga argues that Jones' authority decreased after he
moved to the isolated commune, because he was not needed for recruitment and he could not
hide his drug addiction from rank and file members.[60] In spite of the allegations prior to Jones'
departure to Jonestown, the leader was still respected by some for setting up a racially mixed
church which helped the disadvantaged; 68 percent of Jonestown's residents were black.[61]
[edit]
New children
Further information: Timothy Stoen
Kimo (left) and John (right)
Jim Jones claimed that he was the biological father of John Victor Stoen, although the birth
certificate lists Grace and Timothy Stoen as the parents of the boy.[62] The Temple repeatedly
claimed that Jones fathered the child when, in 1971, Temple member Tim Stoen had requested
that Jones have sex with Grace Stoen to keep her from defecting.[63] After Grace Stoen later
defected in 1976 and began divorce proceedings against Tim Stoen in 1977, in order to avoid
potentially giving up the boy in a custody dispute with Grace, Jones ordered Tim to take John to
Guyana in February 1977.[64]
After purported father Tim Stoen defected from the Temple in June 1977, the Temple kept John
Stoen in Jonestown.[65] The custody dispute over John Stoen would become a linchpin of
several battles between the Temple and the Concerned Relatives.[66]
Jim Jones also fathered a son, Jim Jon (Kimo), with Carolyn Louise Moore Layton, a Temple
member.[67]
[edit]
Pressure and waning political support
Further information: Timothy Stoen and Peoples Temple in San Francisco

While most of Jones' political allies broke ties after Jones' departure,[68] some did not. As a
show of support, Willie Brown spoke out against enemies at a rally at the Peoples Temple, also
attended by Harvey Milk and Art Agnos.[69] Most importantly for Jones and the Temple,
Moscone's office shortly thereafter issued a press release saying that Jones had broken no
laws.[70]
Congressional Pictorial of Leo Ryan
In the Fall of 1977, Tim Stoen and other relatives in Jonestown formed a "Concerned Relatives"
group.[71] Stoen traveled to Washington D.C. in January 1978 to visit with Congressmen,
including Leo Ryan and State Department officials, and wrote a "white paper" to Congress
detailing the dispute and pressing for Congressional correspondence.[72] Stoen's efforts aroused
the curiosity of Ryan, who wrote a letter on Stoen's behalf to Guyanese Prime Minister Forbes
Burnham.[73]
Amidst growing pressure in the United States to investigate the Temple, on February 19, 1978,
Harvey Milk wrote a letter of support for the Peoples Temple to President Jimmy
Carter.[74][75][76] Therein, Milk wrote that Jones was known "as a man of the highest
character."[76] Regarding the leader of those attempting to extricate relatives from Jonestown,
Milk wrote he was "attempting to damage Rev. Jones reputation" with "apparent bold-faced
lies."[76]
On April 11, 1978, the Concerned Relatives distributed a packet of documents, including letters
and affidavits, that they titled an "Accusation of Human Rights Violations by Rev. James Warren
Jones" to the Peoples Temple, members of the press and members of Congress.[77] In June
1978, escaped Temple member Deborah Layton provided the group with a further affidavit
detailing alleged crimes by the Peoples Temple and substandard living conditions in
Jonestown.[78]
Facing increasing scrutiny, in the summer of 1978, Jones also hired noted JFK assassination
conspiracy theorists Mark Lane and Donald Freed to help make the case of a "grand conspiracy"
by intelligence agencies against the Peoples Temple.[79] Jones told Lane he wanted to "pull an
Eldridge Cleaver", referring to a fugitive Black Panther who was able to return to the United
States after repairing his reputation.[79]
[edit]
Visit by Congressman Ryan, murders
Entrance to Jonestown
In November 1978, U.S. Congressman Leo Ryan led a fact-finding mission to Jonestown to
investigate allegations of human rights abuses.[80] Ryan's delegation included relatives of
Temple members, Don Harris, an NBC network news reporter, an NBC cameraman and
reporters for various newspapers.[81] The group arrived in Georgetown on November 15.[80]
On November 17, Ryan's delegation traveled by airplane to Jonestown.[82] The delegation left
hurriedly the afternoon of November 18 after Temple member Don Sly attacked Ryan with a
knife.[83] The attack was thwarted, bringing the visit to an abrupt end.[83] Congressman Ryan
and his people succeeded in taking with them fifteen People's Temple members who had
expressed a wish to leave.[84] At that time, Jones made no attempt to prevent their
departure.[85]
[edit]
Port Kaituma Airstrip shootings
As members of Ryan's delegation boarded two planes at the airstrip, Jones' "Red Brigade" armed
guards arrived in a tractor-pulled trailer and began shooting at the delegation.[86] The guards
killed Congressman Ryan and four others near a twin engine Otter aircraft.[87] At the same time,
one of the supposed defectors, Larry Layton, drew a weapon and began firing on members of the
party that had already boarded a small Cessna.[88] An NBC cameraman was able to capture
footage of the first few seconds of the shooting at the Otter.[87] The five killed at the airstrip
were Congressman Ryan; Don Harris, a reporter from NBC; Bob Brown, a cameraman from
NBC; San Francisco Examiner photographer Greg Robinson; and Temple member Patricia
Parks.[87] Surviving the attack were future Congresswoman Jackie Speier, then a staff member
for Ryan; Richard Dwyer, the Deputy Chief of Mission from the U.S. Embassy at Georgetown;
Bob Flick, a producer for NBC News; Steve Sung, an NBC sound engineer; Tim Reiterman, a
San Francisco Examiner reporter; Ron Javers, a San Francisco Chronicle reporter; Charles
Krause, a Washington Post reporter; and several defecting Temple members.[87]
The murder of Congressman Ryan was the only murder of a Congressman in the line of duty in
the history of the United States.[1]
[edit]
Deaths in Jonestown
Later that same day, 909 inhabitants of Jonestown,[89] 276 of them children, died of apparent
cyanide poisoning, mostly in and around a pavilion.[90] This resulted in the greatest single loss
of American civilian life in a non-natural disaster until the September 11, 2001 attacks.[91] No
video was taken during the mass suicide, though the FBI did recover a 45 minute audio recording
of the suicide in progress.[92]
On that tape, Jones tells Temple members that the Soviet Union, with whom the Temple had
been negotiating a potential exodus for months, would not take them after the Temple had
murdered Ryan and four others at a nearby airstrip.[92] The reason given by Jones to commit
suicide was consistent with his previously stated conspiracy theories of intelligence
organizations allegedly conspiring against the Temple, that men would "parachute in here on us,"
"shoot some of our innocent babies" and "they'll torture our children, they'll torture some of our
people here, they'll torture our seniors."[92] Parroting Jones' prior statements that hostile forces
would convert captured children to fascism, one temple member states "the ones that they take
captured, they're gonna just let them grow up and be dummies."[92]
Christine Miller
Aftermath - Jim Jones pavilion chair and sign
Given that reasoning, Jones and several members argued that the group should commit
"revolutionary suicide" by drinking cyanide-laced grape flavored Flavor Aid (often misidentified
as Kool-Aid) along with a sedative.[92] One member, Christine Miller, dissents toward the
beginning of the tape.[92] When members apparently cried, Jones counseled "Stop this hysterics.
This is not the way for people who are Socialists or Communists to die. No way for us to die. We
must die with some dignity."[92] Jones can be heard saying, "Don't be afraid to die," that death is
"just stepping over into another plane" and that "[death is] a friend."[92] At the end of the tape,
Jones concludes: "We didn't commit suicide, we committed an act of revolutionary suicide
protesting the conditions of an inhumane world."[92] According to escaping Temple members,
children were given the drink first and families were told to lie down together.[93] Mass suicide
had been previously discussed in simulated events called "White Nights" on a regular
basis.[78][94] During at least one such prior White Night, members drank liquid that Jones
falsely told them was poison.[78][94]
Jones was found dead in a deck chair with a gunshot wound to his head that Guyanese coroner
Cyrill Mootoo stated was consistent with a self-inflicted gun wound.[95] However, Jones' son
Stephan believes his father may have directed someone else to shoot him.[96] An autopsy of
Jones' body also showed levels of the barbiturate Pentobarbital which may have been lethal to
humans who had not developed physiological tolerance.[97] Jones' drug usage (including LSD
and marijuana) was confirmed by his son, Stephan, and Jones' doctor in San Francisco.
[edit]
Other issues
On December 13, 1973, Jones was arrested and charged with soliciting a man for sex in a movie
theater bathroom known for homosexual activity, in MacArthur Park in Los Angeles.[98] The
man was an undercover Los Angeles Police Department vice officer. Jones is on record as later
telling his followers that he was "the only true heterosexual", but at least one account exists of
his sexual abuse of a male member of his congregation in front of the followers, ostensibly to
prove the man's own homosexual tendencies.[98]
While Jones banned sex among Temple members outside of marriage, he himself voraciously
engaged in sexual relations with both male and female Temple members.[99][100] Jones,
however, claimed that he detested engaging in homosexual activity and did so only for the male
temple adherents' own good, purportedly to connect them symbolically with him (Jones).[99]
One of Jones' sources of inspiration was the controversial International Peace Mission movement
leader Father Divine.[101] Jones had borrowed the term "revolutionary suicide"[102] from Black
Panther leader and Peoples Temple supporter Huey Newton who had argued "the slow suicide of
life in the ghetto" ought to be replaced by revolutionary struggle that would end only in victory
(socialism and self determination) or revolutionary suicide (death).
[edit]
Family aftermath
[edit]
Marceline
Marcy Jones
Jim Jones' wife, Marceline, was found poisoned around the pavilion.[103] On the final morning
of Ryan's visit, Marceline had taken reporters on a tour of Jonestown.[104]
Found near Marceline Jones' body was a signed and witnessed will leaving all bank accounts "in
my name" to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and writing that Suzanne Jones Cartmell
should receive no assets.[105]
[edit]
Stephan, Jim Jr. and Tim Jones
Stephan, Jim Jr., and Tim Jones did not take part in the mass suicide because they were playing
with the Peoples Temple basketball team against the Guyanese national team in
Georgetown.[25][102] At the time of events in Jonestown, Stephan and Tim were both nineteen
and Jim Jones Jr. was eighteen.[106] Tim's biological family, the Tuppers, which consisted of his
three biological sisters,[107][108][109] biological brother,[110] and biological mother,[111] all
died at Jonestown. Three days before the tragedy, Stephan Jones refused, over the radio, to
comply with an order by his father to return the team to Jonestown for Ryan's visit.[112]
Jonestown basketball court

During the events at Jonestown, Stephan, Tim, and Jim Jones Jr. drove to the American Embassy
in Guyana in an attempt to receive help. The Guyanese soldiers guarding the embassy refused to
let them in after hearing about the shootings at the Port Kaituma airstrip.[113] Later, the three
returned to the Temple's headquarters in Georgetown to find the bodies of Sharon Amos and her
three children.[113] Guyanese soldiers kept the Jones brothers under house arrest for five days,
interrogating them about the deaths in Georgetown.[113] Stephan Jones was accused of being
involved in the Georgetown deaths, and was placed in a Guyanese prison for three months.[113]
Tim Jones and Johnny Cobb, another member of the Peoples Temple basketball team, were
asked to go to Jonestown and help identify the bodies of people who had died.[113] After
returning to the United States, Jim Jones Jr. was placed under police surveillance for several
months while he lived with his older sister, Suzanne, who had previously turned against the
Temple.[113]
When Jonestown was first being established, Stephan Jones had originally avoided two attempts
by his father to relocate to the settlement. He eventually moved to Jonestown after a third and
final attempt. He has since said that he gave into his father's wishes to move to Jonestown
because of his mother.[114] Stephan Jones is now a businessman, and married with three
daughters. He appeared in the documentary Jonestown: Paradise Lost which aired on the History
Channel and Discovery Channel. He stated he will not watch the documentary and has never
grieved for his father.[115] Jim Jones Jr., who lost his wife and unborn child at Jonestown,
returned to San Francisco. He remarried and has three sons from this marriage,[102] including
Rob Jones, a high-school basketball star who went on to play for the University of San Diego
before transferring to Saint Mary's College of California.[116]
[edit]
Lew, Agnes and Suzanne Jones
Agnes Jones
Lew and Agnes Jones both died at Jonestown. Agnes Jones was thirty-five years old at the time
of her death.[117] Her husband[118] and four children[119][120][121][122] all died at
Jonestown. Lew Jones, who was twenty-one years old at the time of his death, died alongside his
wife Terry and son Chaeoke.[123][124][125] Stephanie Jones had died at age five in a car
accident.[25]
Lew Jones, Terry and Chaeoke
Suzanne Jones married Mike Cartmell; both turned against the Temple and were not in
Jonestown on November 18, 1978. After this decision to abandon the Temple, Jones referred to
Suzanne openly as "my goddamned, no good for nothing daughter" and stated that she was not to
be trusted.[126] In a signed note found at the time of her death, Marceline Jones directed that the
Jones' funds were to be given to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and specified: "I
especially request that none of these are allowed to get into the hands of my adopted daughter,
Suzanne Jones Cartmell."[127] Cartmell had two children and died of colon cancer in November
2006.[128][129]
[edit]
John Stoen and Kimo
Kimo
Further information: Timothy Stoen
Specific references to Tim Stoen, the father of John Stoen, including the logistics of possibly
murdering him, are made on the Temple's final "death tape," as well as a discussion over whether
the Temple should include John Stoen among those committing "revolutionary suicide."[92] At
Jonestown, John Stoen was found poisoned in Jim Jones' cabin.[130]
Both Jim Jon (Kimo) and his mother, Carolyn Layton, died during the events at Jonestown.[131]
[edit]
Notes
^ While Jim Jones claimed to be partially of Cherokee descent through his mother Lynetta, this
story was apparently not true. (Lindsay, Robert. "How Rev. Jim Jones Gained His Power Over
Followers". New York Times. November 26, 1978). Lynetta's cousin Barbara Shaffer said "there
wasn't an ounce of Indian in our family." (Lindsay, Robert. "How Rev. Jim Jones Gained His
Power Over Followers". New York Times. November 26, 1978). Shaffer said that Lynetta was
Welsh. ("Jones²The Dark Private Side Emerges". Los Angeles Times. November 24, 1978).
The birth records for Lynetta have since been lost. (Kilduff, Marshall and Ron Javers. "Jim Jones
Always Led ² Or Wouldn't Play". San Francisco Chronicle. December 4, 1978).
[edit]
References
^ a b Brazil, Jeff. "Jonestown's Horror Fades but Mystery Remain." Los Angeles Times.
December 16, 1999.
^ Hall, John R. (1987). Gone from the Promised Land: Jonestown in American Cultural History.
New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. p. 3. ISBN 0-88738-124-3.
^ Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People.
Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 9-10.
^ a b c Kilduff, Marshall and Javers, Ron. The Suicide Cult. Bantam Books, 1978. p. 10.
^ a b Hall, John R. (1987). Gone from the Promised Land: Jonestown in American Cultural
History. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. p. 5. ISBN 0-88738-124-3.
^ a b c Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples Temple. American Experience, PBS.org.
^ a b Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His
People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 24.
Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 27.
Dutton, 1981. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 33.
^ a b c "Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples Temple - Timeline." PBS.org. 20 February
2007.
^ Knoll, James. Mass Suicide & the Jonestown Tragedy: Literature Summary. Jonestown
Institute, San Diego State University. October 2007.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Wessinger, Catherine. How the Millennium Comes Violently: From

Jonestown to Heaven's Gate. Seven Bridges Press, 2000. ISBN 978-1889119243.
^ a b Jones, Jim. "Transcript of Recovered FBI tape Q 134." Alternative Considerations of

Jonestown and Peoples Temple. Jonestown Project: San Diego State University.]
^ a b c Horrock, Nicholas M., "Communist in 1950s", New York Times, December 17, 1978
^ Lattin, Don. "How spiritual journey ended in destruction." San Francisco Chronicle. 18
November 2003.
Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 69.
^ a b c Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His
^ a b c d Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His
Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 65.
^ a b c Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples Temple - People & Events PBS.org. 20
February 2007.
Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 63.
^ Jones, Jim. "Transcript of Recovered FBI tape Q 1023." Alternative Considerations of

Jonestown and Peoples Temple. Jonestown Project: San Diego State University.
^ a b c d e Wessinger, Catherine. How the Millennium Comes Violently: From Jonestown to

Heaven's Gate. 2000. ISBN 978-1889119243.
^ a b "The Wills of Jim Jones and Marceline Jones." Alternative Considerations of Jonestown
and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
^ "Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples Temple - Race and the Peoples Temple." PBS.org.
20 February 2007.
Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 77.
Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 78.
Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 79.
Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 81.
Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 82.
Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 84.
Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 85-6.
^ a b c New York Times, "How Rev. Jim Jones Gained His Power Over Followers", Robert
Lindsay, November 26, 1978
^ Layton, Deborah. (1998) Seductive Poison. Anchor, 1999. ISBN 0-3854-8984-6. p. 53.
^ Jim Jones, Transcript of Recovered FBI tape Q 1053
^ Jones, Jim. "The Letter Killeth." Original material reprint. Department of Religious Studies.
San Diego State University.
^ See, e.g., Jones, Jim in conversation with John Maher, "Transcript of Recovered FBI tape Q
622." Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. Jonestown Project: San
Diego State University.]
^ Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples Temple. PBS.org.
People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 302-4.
^ Los Angeles Times, "First Lady Among Cult's References; Mondale, Califano also listed",
November 21, 1978.
^ Jones, Jim. "Transcript of Recovered FBI tape Q 799." Alternative Considerations of

Jonestown and Peoples Temple. Jonestown Project: San Diego State University.
^ a b Kilduff, Marshall and Phil Tracy. "Inside Peoples Temple." Alternative Considerations of
Jonestown and Peoples Temple. Jonestown Project: San Diego State University. August 1, 1977.
^ Layton, Deborah. Seductive Poison. Anchor, 1999. ISBN 0-3854-8984-6. p. 105.

Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. page 308
^ "Another Day of Death." Time Magazine. 11 December 1978.
^ VanDeCarr, Paul "Death of dreams: in November 1978, Harvey Milk's murder and the mass
suicides at Jonestown nearly broke San Francisco's spirit.", The Advocate, November 25, 2003
^ Sawyer, Mary My Lord, What a Mourning:¶ Twenty Years Since Jonestown, Jonestown
Institute at SDSU
^ Reiterman, Tim, and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People.
Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. page 369.
^ Goodlett, Carlton B., Notes on Peoples Temple, reprinted in Moore, Rebecca and Fielding M.
McGehee, III, The Need for a Second Look at Jonestown, Edwin Mellen Press, 1989, ISBN
0889466491
Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. page 282.
Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. page 285, 306 and 587.
Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 314
^ Layton, Deborah. (1998) Seductive Poison. Anchor, 1999. ISBN 0-3854-8984-6. p. 113.
New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. p. 132. ISBN 0-88738-124-3.
^ Jones, Jim. "Transcript of Recovered FBI tape Q 50." Alternative Considerations of Jonestown
and Peoples Temple. Jonestown Project: San Diego State University.
Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 451.
^ McCormick Maaga, Mary. Hearing the voices of Jonestown. Syracuse University Press, 1998.
ISBN 0-8156-0515-3.
^ Moore, Rebecca. "The Demographics of Jonestown. Jonestown Institute, San Diego State
University, adapted from Moore, Rebecca, Anthony Pinn and Mary Sawyer. "Demographics and
the Black Religious Culture of Peoples Temple." in Peoples Temple and Black Religion in
America. Bloomington: Indiana Press University, 2005. 57-80)
Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 130-1
Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p 445.
Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 377
Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 324
Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1.
^ "Jim Jon (Kimo) Prokes". Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San
Diego State University.
^ Liebert, Larry, "What Politicians Say Now About Jones", San Francisco Chronicle, November
20, 1978
Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. page 327
^ Moore, Rebecca. A Sympathetic History of Jonestown. Lewiston: E. Mellen Press. ISBN 0-

8894-6860-5. p. 143.
Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. page 408
New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. ISBN 0-88738-124-3. page 227
Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. page 458
^ Coleman, Loren, "The Copycat Effect", Simon & Schuster, 2004, page 68
^ Fishwick, Marshall, "Great Awakenings: Popular Religion and Popular Culture", Routledge,
1994, page 73
^ a b c Milk, Harvey Letter Addressed to President Jimmy Carter, Dated February 19, 1978
^ "Accusation of Human Rights Violations by Rev. James Warren Jones." Alternative

Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. Jonestown Project: San Diego State
University. April 11, 1978.
^ a b c "Affidavit of Deborah Layton Blakey." Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and
Peoples Temple. Jonestown Project: San Diego State University.
People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. page 440.
Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 476-480.
Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 487-8.
^ a b Reiterman, Tim, and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His
Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 524.
Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 516.
Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 527.
^ a b c d Reiterman, Tim, and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His
Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 533.
^ Who Died?, Alternative Considerations of Jonestown, San Diego State University
^ 1978: Mass suicide leaves 900 dead. BBC, November 18, 2005
^ Rapaport, Richard, Jonestown and City Hall slayings eerily linked in time and memory, San
Francisco Chronicle, November 16, 2003
^ a b c d e f g h i j Jim Jones, "Transcript of Recovered FBI tape Q 42." Alternative

Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. Jonestown Project: San Diego State
University.
Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 559.
^ a b Reiterman, Tim, and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His
^ "Guyana Inquest ² Interviews of Cecil Roberts & Cyril Mootoo" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-02-
23.
^ Jonestown: Paradise Lost, Interview of Stephan Jones, Documentary airing on Discovery

Networks, 2007
^ Autopsy of Jim Jones by Kenneth H. Mueller, Jonestown Institute at SDSU
^ a b Wise, David. "Sex in Peoples Temple." Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and

^ a b Paranoia And Delusions, Time Magazine, December 11, 1978
Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 176-77.
^ "FAQ: Who was the leader of Peoples Temple?" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and
^ a b c Fish, Jon and Chris Connelly (2007-10-05). "Outside the Lines: Grandson of Jonestown
founder is making a name for himself". ESPN.com. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p 565.
Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p 505-6.
^ "Letter from Marceline Jones." Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple.
Jonestown Project: San Diego State University.
^ "Who Survived the Jonestown Tragedy?" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples
Temple. San Diego State University.
^ "Janet Marie Tupper" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego
State University.
^ "Mary Elizabeth Tupper" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San
^ "Ruth Ann Tupper" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego
State University.
^ "Larry Howard Tupper" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San
^ "Rita Jeanette Tupper Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San
Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p 474-75.
^ a b c d e f Smith, Gary. "Escaping Jonestown." Sports Illustrated. CNN.com. 24 December

2007.
^ Jones, Stephan. - "Marceline/Mom" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples

Temple. San Diego State University.
^ Brownstein, Bill. "The son who survived Jonestown." The Gazette. Canada. 9 March 2007.
^ "22 - Rob Jones." University of San Diego Official Athletic Site. Accessed: 2009-10-03.
Archived by WebCite
^ Agnes Paulette Jones Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple]. San
^ "Forrest Ray Jones" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego
State University.
^ "Billy Jones" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State
University.
^ "Jimbo Jones" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State
University.
^ "Michael Ray Jones" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego
State University.
^ "Stephanie Jones" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego
State University.
^ Lew Eric Jones Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego State
University.
^ "Terry Carter Jones" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San Diego
State University.
^ "Chaeoke Warren Jones" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. San
^ FBI Tape Q 265 - October 17, 1978 address. Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and
Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
^ "November 18 1978 Letter from Marceline Jones." Alternative Considerations of Jonestown

and Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
^ Who Has Died Since 18 November 1978? Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and
Peoples Temple. San Diego State University.
^ Smith, Gary. "Escape From Jonestown" Sports Illustrated CNN.com. 24 December 2007.
Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1)
^ "Carolyn Louise Moore Layton" Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple.
San Diego State University.
[edit]
Bibliography
Chidester, David, Salvation and Suicide: Jim Jones, the People's Temple and Jonestown
(Religion in North America), 2nd rev.ed., Indiana University Press, 2004. ISBN 978-
0253216328
Klineman, George and Sherman Butler. The Cult That Died. G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1980. ISBN 0-
399-12540-X.
Layton, Deborah. Seductive Poison. Anchor Books, 1999. ISBN 0-385-48984-6.
Maaga, Mary McCormick. Hearing the voices of Jonestown. Syracuse University Press, 1998.
ISBN 0-8156-0515-3.
Naipaul, Shiva. Black & White. Hamish Hamilton, London, 1980. ISBN 0-241-10337-1.
Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs (1982). Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His
People. Dutton. ISBN 0-525-24136-1.
[edit]
External links Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Jim Jones
The Jonestown Institute
FBI No. Q 042 The "Jonestown Death Tape", Recorded 18 November 1978 (Internet Archive)
Transcript of Jones' final speech, just before the mass suicide
The first part of a series of articles about Jim Jones published in the San Francisco Examiner in
1972.
History Channel Video and Stills
Isaacson, Barry. From Silver Lake to Suicide: One Family's Secret History of the Jonestown
Massacre
Mass Suicide at Jonestown: 30 Years Later, Time magazine
Jonestown 30 Years Later photo gallery published Friday, October 17, 2008.
American Experience documentary, "Jonestown: The Life And Death Of Peoples Temple",
shown on PBS
Jonestown: 25 Years Later How spiritual journey ended in destruction Jim Jones led his flock to
death in jungle by Michael Taylor, San Francisco Chronicle staff writer. Published Thursday,
November 12, 1998.
Utopian nightmare Jonestown: What did we learn? Larry D. Hatfield, of The Examiner staff,
Gregory Lewis and Eric Brazil of The Examiner staff and Examiner Librarian Judy Canter
contributed to this report. Published Sunday, November 8, 1998.
Jones Captivated S.F.'s Liberal Elite They were late to discover how cunningly he curried favor
by Michael Taylor, San Francisco Chronicle staff writer. And [Haunted by Memories of Hell ]
by Kevin Fagan, San Francisco Chronicle staff writer. Published Thursday, November 12, 1998.
Both stories were included in the first of a two-part series.
The End To Innocent Acceptance Of Sects Sharper scrutiny is Jonestown legacy by Don Lattin,
San Francisco Chronicle religion writer. And Most Peoples Temple Documents Still Sealed by
Michael Taylor and Don Lattin, San Francisco Chronicle staff writers. And Surviving the Heart
of Darkness Twenty years later, Jackie Speier remembers how her companions and rum helped
her endure the night of the Jonestown massacre by Maitland Zane, San Francisco Chronicle staff
writer. Published Friday, November 13, 1998. All stories were included in the second part of a
two-part series.
Inside Peoples Temple Marshall Kilduff and Phil Tracy, Used by permission of authors for the
San Francisco Chronicle. Published Monday, August 1, 1977.
20 Years Later, Jonestown Survivor Confronts Horrors by Michael Taylor, San Francisco
Chronicle staff writer. Published Monday, November 2, 1998.
20 years after Jonestown, survivors find some peace by Anastasia Hendrix, of The Examiner
staff. Published Thursday, November 19, 1998.[hide]
vde
Peoples Temple
Leadership Jim Jones
History Father Divine · Wings of deliverance · Disciples of Christ · I-Hotel · Jonestown ·

Peoples Temple in San Francisco · Mark Lane · Charles R. Garry · Timothy Stoen · Larry
Layton · Deborah Layton · Jeannie Mills · John R. Burke · Jonestown conspiracy theory · Cult
Awareness Network · George Moscone · Willie Brown (politician) · Angela Davis · Huey
Newton · Flavor Aid · Kool-Aid
Congressional entourage Congressman Leo J. Ryan · Jackie Speier · Richard Dwyer · Tim
Reiterman · Don Harris · Greg Robinson · Steve Sung · Bob Flick · Charles A. Krause · Ron
Javers · Bob Brown · Marshall Kilduff
Books Raven (book) · Seductive Poison
Films Guyana: Crime of the Century · Guyana Tragedy: The Story of Jim Jones · Cults:
Dangerous Devotion · Jonestown: Paradise Lost · Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples
Temple
WikiSource · Wikimedia Commons
Categories: 1931 births | 1978 deaths | American atheists | American communists | American
Disciples of Christ | American socialists | Anti-racism | Bisexual people | Butler University
alumni | Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) clergy | Deaths by firearm in Guyana | Faith
healers | Founders of religions | History of Guyana | LGBT people from the United States |
Members of the Communist Party USA | People from Randolph County, Indiana | People from
Richmond, Indiana | Peoples Temple | Religious people who committed suicide | Suicides in
Guyana
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Jim Jones

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Born James W. Jones

May 13, 1931

Crete, Indiana, U.S.

Died November 18, 1978 (aged 47)

Occupation Leader, Peoples Temple

2 Building the Temple

2.3 Jones' "Rainbow Family"

2.5 California Eden

3 Move to San Francisco

4 Jonestown's formation and operation

4.1 New children

4.2 Pressure and waning political support

5 Visit by Congressman Ryan, murders

5.1 Port Kaituma Airstrip shootings

5.2 Deaths in Jonestown

7.2 Stephan, Jim Jr. and Tim Jones

7.3 Lew, Agnes and Suzanne Jones

7.4 John Stoen and Kimo

Building the Temple

Jones' "Rainbow Family"

Jones' Brazil locations

Some of the Peoples Temple's California Locations

Further information: Peoples Temple and Peoples Temple in San Francisco

Move to San Francisco

Main article: Peoples Temple in San Francisco

Seal of the San Francisco Housing Authority

Jonestown's formation and operation

Peoples Temple Agricultural Project ("Jonestown", Guyana)

Main article: Jonestown

Further information: Timothy Stoen

Kimo (left) and John (right)

Pressure and waning political support

Further information: Timothy Stoen and Peoples Temple in San Francisco

Congressional Pictorial of Leo Ryan

Visit by Congressman Ryan, murders

Main article: Jonestown

Port Kaituma Airstrip shootings

Main article: Jonestown

Main article: Jonestown

Aftermath - Jim Jones pavilion chair and sign

Stephan, Jim Jr. and Tim Jones

Jonestown basketball court

Lew, Agnes and Suzanne Jones

John Stoen and Kimo

Further information: Timothy Stoen

^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Wessinger, Catherine. How the Millennium Comes Violently: From

^ a b Jones, Jim. "Transcript of Recovered FBI tape Q 134." Alternative Considerations of

^ Jones, Jim. "Transcript of Recovered FBI tape Q 1023." Alternative Considerations of

^ a b c d e Wessinger, Catherine. How the Millennium Comes Violently: From Jonestown to

^ Jim Jones, Transcript of Recovered FBI tape Q 1053

^ Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples Temple. PBS.org.

^ Jones, Jim. "Transcript of Recovered FBI tape Q 799." Alternative Considerations of

^ Layton, Deborah. Seductive Poison. Anchor, 1999. ISBN 0-3854-8984-6. p. 105.

^ "Another Day of Death." Time Magazine. 11 December 1978.