âL$piL$ :

îuhëgcpQpe®$ V²$õV,
$ L„$kpfp bÅf, dp„X$hu-L$ÃR>,
NyS>fps, 370465.

îuNp¡‘u“p’ âcyQfZ ap¡_ : (02834) 231463

(‘„Qisp[åv$ dlp¡Ðkh)
A“yhpv$L$-kç‘pv$L$ :
Np¡õhpdu îuifv¹$Ly$dpfÆ (dp„X$hu-L$ÃR>)

âL$pi_hj® :

B
îuhëgcpåv$$ 532, rh.k„. 2066

â’d k„õL$fZ ârs : 4,000

N°Þ’âL$pi“ klpe : ê$. 2-00

(‘p¡õV¡$S>-‘¡L$t¡ S>N¹ : ê$. 2)

âL$piL$ : îuhëgcQpe® V²$õV$ dyÖL$ : õh[õsL$ Apµa¹k¡V¹$, cyS>$

(dp„X$hu-L$ÃR>)
WWW.PUSHTIMARG.NET
 31. Computer CD : ww.pushtimarg.net Aâpàe
îuhëgcpQpe® V²$õV$, dp„X$hu - L$ÃR> 32. Summary of Shuddhadvait Vangmay, By Sharad Goswami 15
N°Þ\ âL$pi_klpe
kpçâv$$preL$ `funp_u `pW$é`yõsL$p¡ AÝee_p¡`ep¡Nu N°Þ\p¡
1. âh¡riL$p, g¡ML$ : Np¡õhpdu ifv$$¹ (NyS>fpsu) 10 33. sÐhp\®v$u`r_bÞ^pÞsN®s ip÷p\®âL$fZd¹ ( h°S>cpjpV$uL$p) kp^pfZk„õL$fZ / fpS>k„õL$fZ 50/70
2. âh¡riL$p, g¡ML$ : '' '' $ (A„N°¡Æ) r_:iyëL$ 34. sÐhp\®v$u`r_bÞ^pÞsN®s kh®r_Z®eâL$fZd¹ ( h°S>cpjpV$uL$p ) kp^pfZk„õL$fZ / fpS>k„õL$fZ 80/100
3. âh¡riL$p, g¡ML$ : '' '' $ (rlÞv$u) r_:iyëL$ 35. `yrô$rh^p_d¹-2 (ìepL$fZd¹.)‘v$ÃR>¡v$, iåv$‘qfQe, kdpkrhN°l, k„r^rhN°l, AÞhe hN¡f¡ krls 100
4. `yrô$âh¡i-1-2, g¡ML$ : Np¡õhpdu ifv$$¹ (NyS>fpsu) 20 36. `yrô$rh^p_d¹-3 ( h°S>cpjprhh©rs ) 80
5. `yrô$âh¡i-2, g¡ML$ : '' '' (NyS>fpsu) 10 37. îucpNhs dlp`yfpZ ( NyS>®fcpjp_yhpv$$ ) 300
6. `yrô$âh¡i 1-2, g¡ML$ : '' '' (rlÞv$$u) r_:iyëL$ 38. cpNhsp’®âL$fZ, A“yhpv$L$ : Np¡.hp.îu“p“ygpg Np„^u 100
7. `yrô$`\, g¡ML$ : Np¡õhpdu ifv¹$ $ (NyS>fpsu) 39. N©lk¡hp A“¡ h°S>gugp, rhh¡QL$ : Np¡.îuíepd d_p¡lfÆ(NyS.) r_:iyëL$
8. `yrô$`\, g¡ML$ : Np¡õhpdu ifv$$¹ (rlÞv$$u) 40. N©lk¡hp Ap¥f h°S>gugp, rhh¡QL$ : Np¡.îuíepd d_p¡lfÆ(h°S>cpjp) r_:iyëL$
9. âd¡efÐ_k„Nl° , g¡ML$ : Np¡õhpdu ifv$$¹ (NyS>fpsu) 25 41. `yrô$âhpldep®v$pc¡v$ , rhh¡QL$ : Np¡.îuíepd d_p¡lfÆ(NyS>.)Aâpàe- r_:iyëL$
10. Manual of the devotionalpath of Pushti.(`yrô$âh¡i 1-2 s\p `yrô$`\_p¡ A„NÆ
¡° A_yhpv$$.) 65 42. fk×rô$_u sfa¡Zdp„, g¡ML : Np¡. îuíepd d_p¡lfÆ(NyS>.) r_:iyëL$
43. rS>_ îuhëgcê$` _ ÅÞep¡, Np¡.îuíepd d_p¡lfÆ rgrMs khp£Ñdõsp¡Ó_u rhõs©s c|rdL$p_p¡
sÒhv$$i_
® rhjeL$ fpô²$ue k¡rd_pfdp„ âõsys \e¡g NyS>fpsu A_yhpv$, îuhëgcpô$L$, kàsígp¡L$u, îuhëgcõsp¡Óp¡, `ÊQígp¡L$u, rinpígp¡L$u Apqv$$
rhrcÞ_ ip¡^`Óp¡ s\p QQp® _p¡ k„N°l (k„õLs©s-rlÞv$u-A„N°¡Æ) N°Þ\p¡`f rhh¡Q_ _y„ 450 \u h^y `p_pdp„ k„L$g_. 70
11. iåv$$MÎX$uep rhÜÐ`qfQQp® 200 44. k¡hpL$pd¥ vy $u-“h^pc[¼s (rlÞv$u), rhh¡QL$: Np¡. îuíepd d_p¡lfÆ r_:iyëL$
12. AÞe¿eprshpv$uep rhÜÐk„Np¡›$u 150 45. L©$óZpîe, îuL$ëepZfpeÆ rgrMs k„õL©$s V$uL$p_p¡ NyS>fpsu A_yhpv$$ 7
13. L$pe®L$pfZcphdudp„kp rhÜÐk„Np¡›$u 200 46. rkÙpÞs_y„ ApQd_, âí_p¡Ñfu, DÑfv$$psp : Np¡.îuíepd d_p¡lfÆ r_:iyëL$
14. âÐenâdpZ rhÜÐk„Np¡›$u 150 47. b°ûhpv$$cr| dL$p (rlÞv$u), g¡ML$ : Np¡.îuíepd d_p¡lfÆ r_:iyëL$
15. AÞ^L$pfhpv$ rhÜÐk„Np¡›$u 200 48. Ad©shQ_phgu (NyS>fpsu), âpQu_-Ahp®Qu_-Ap^yr_L$ Np¡õhpdu ApQpep£_u
16. hpëgch¡v$ pÞs r_bÞ^k„Nl° , g¡ML$ : Np¡. îuíepd d_p¡lfÆ r_:iyëL$ rkÙpÞsp¡[¼s_p¡ f„Nu_ rQÓp¡ krls k„Nl° r_:iyëL$
49. Ad©shQ_phgu (rlÞv$u), âpQu_-Ahp®Qu_-Ap^yr_L$ Np¡õhpdu ApQpep£_u
kpçâv$$preL$ rhQpfNp¡›$udp„ âõsys \e¡gp rkÙpÞsp¡[¼s_p¡ f„Nu_ rQÓp¡ krls k„Nl° r_:iyëL$
rhrcÞ_ ip¡^`Óp¡ s\p s¡_p E`f \e¡g QQp® _y„ k„L$g_ 50. rhip¡^r_L$p cpN-4 (NyS. A_yhpv$$), g¡ML : Np¡.îuíepd d_p¡lfÆ r_:iyëL$
17. hpsp®`qfQQp® 15 51. cNh•usp, A_yhpv$L$ : îu_p_ygpg Np„^u.
18. Ar^L$pf`qfQQp® 100 `v$$ÃR>¡v$ , AÞhe, iåv$$`qfQe, h©rÑ`qfQe, iåv$$p\®, ígp¡L$p\®, rhh¡Q_,
19. kp^_pâZpgu 50 `pv$$p_y¾$drZL$p, NuspspÐ`e® s\p Þepkpv$i¡ rhhfZ NyS>fpsu A_yhpv$$ kp\¡. 50
20. `yrô$c[¼sdp„ L$\p-NyZNp_ kp^_p 50 52. c[¼shr^®“u, ìep¿epsp : Np¡. îuíepd d“p¡lfÆ r“:iyëL$
21. ifZpNrs rhQpfNp¡›$u 50 53. ‘yrô$A[õdsp k„h^®L$ rirbf, fpô²$ue k„dg¡ “-cê$Q, rhõs©s Al¡hpg 25
21. ifZpNrs rhQpfNp¡›$u A¡L$ `|fL$ âí_p¡Ñfu r_:iyëL$ 54. jp¡X$iN°Þ’Ns D‘v$i¡ p¡ A“¡ s¡d“u 28 hpsp®Ap¡, g¡ML$ : îuc|‘Þ¡ ÖcpC cpV$uep 40
22. k¡hp-kd`®Z rhQpfNp¡›$u 50 55. jp¡X$iN°Þ’Ns D‘v$i¡ p¡ A“¡ s¡d“u 64 hpsp®Ap¡, g¡ML$ : îuc|‘Þ¡ ÖcpC cpV$uep 40
23. S>OÞepr^L$pf k„Np¡›$u 80 56. k¡hp (F>sy-DÐkh-d“p¡f’) rlÞv$u, ìep¿epsp : Np¡. îuíepd d“p¡lfÆ r“:iyëL$
24. ‘yrô$c[¼s-â‘rÑdp„ ârsbÞ^ rhQpfNp¡›$u 100 57. k¡hp (F>sy-DÐkh-d“p¡f’) NyS>fpsu, ìep¿epsp : Np¡. îuíepd d“p¡lfÆ r“:iyëL$

r_Ðeõsp¡Ó`pW$ B[slpk
25. `yrô$`pW$phgu (NyS>fpsu) 10 58. Ap^yr_L$ ÞepeâZpgu A_¡ `yrô$dpN}e kp^_pâZpgu _p¡ Ap`ku V$L$fph,
26. `yrô$`pW$phgu (rlÞv$u) 10 g¡. : Np¡. îuíepd d_p¡lfÆ (NyS>fpsu) r_:iyëL$
27. `yfjy p¡Ñdklö_pd-rÓrh^gugp_pdphgu (A_yhpv$$ krls) 20 59. Ap^yr_L$ ÞepeâZpgu Ap¥f `yrô$dpN}e kp^_pâZpgu L$p Ap`ku V$L$fph,
28. `yrô$rh^p_d¹-1 ( `pW$phgu, h°S>cpjp) Aâpàe g¡. : Np¡. îuíepd d_p¡lfÆ (rlÞv$u) r_:iyëL$
29. `yrô$rh^p_d¹-1 ( `pW$phgu, NyS>.) Aâpàe 60. îuNp¡`u_p\âcyQfZ, îuNp¡`u_p\Æ_p rhjedp„ D`gå^ (rQÓÆ, lõspnf,
kÞv$c®N°Þ\p¡ `v$$, Brslpk, fQ_p hN¡f)¡ sdpd dprlqs_p¡ k„Nl° . ( NyS>.-rlÞv$u ) 25
30. `yrô$rh^p_d¹ `pv$$p_y¾$drZL$p 10 61. îuL©$óZQqfÓ, cpNhs_p v$$idõL$Þ^_p¡ cphp_yhpv$$, g¡ML$ : îu_p_ygpg Np„^u 80
 r“ed lsp¡. cNhÐk¡hp, kÞÝep-b°ûeopqv$ ip”ue L$dp£, ip”pÝee“ Apqv$
îuNp¡‘u“p’ âcyQfZ v$¥r“L$ L$s®ìep¡ “u kp’¡-kp’¡ ârsqv$“ 18,000 ígp¡L$p¡“p¡ ‘pW$ L$fsp„ ¼epf¡L$ b¡-
k„rnàs‘qfQe : ÓZ qv$hkp¡ husu S>sp„. Ap‘“p¡ r“ed AÐeyÑd lp¡hp R>sp„ cp¡S>““u
dlpâcy îuhëgcpQpe®“p Äe¡›$ ‘yÓ îuNp¡‘u“p’Æ (âpL$V$é Ar“erdssp“p¡ rh‘fus âcph bpmL$“p ipfuqfL$ õhpõÕe E‘f “ ‘X¡$ s¡
Ap[íh“NyS>®f cpÖ‘v$ L©$óZ 12, rh.k„. 1567) “y„ õ’p“ ‘yrô$dpN®dp„ A“¡fy„ R>¡. l¡sy’u îudlpâcyÆA¡ kdN° cpNhs“p kpf ê$‘¡ "îu‘yfyjp¡Ñd“pdklö'
îudlpâcyÆA¡ ‘yrô$dpN®“y„ âhs®“ L$fhp“p cpN ê$‘¡ A“¡L$ hMs âQpfepÓp N°Þ’“u fQ“p L$fu.
L$fu, A“¡L$ N°Þ’p¡“u fQ“p L$fu, A“¡L$ hMs ip”p’p£ L$ep®. Apd Ap‘¡
sÐL$pgu“ L$qW$“ ‘qf[õ’rsdp„ v$¥hu ‘yrô$Æhp¡“p L$ëepZ dpV¡$ õhë‘ kdedp„ v$¡hÖìe A“¡ õh^d®r“›$p :
L$W$p¡f ‘yfyjp’® L$fu“¡ r“Ny®Z ‘yrô$c[¼s“p¡ dpN® âiõs L$ep£. îudlpâcyÆ“p îudlpâcyÆA¡ A¡L$ hMs Apop L$fu lsu L¡$ ""S>¡ îuW$pL$p¡fÆ“y„
õh^pd ‘^pep® bpv îuNp¡‘u“p’ÆA¡ îudlpâcyÆ“y„ L$pe® lp’ E‘f gu^y„. Öìe(s¡“p¡ âkpv$) Mpi¡ s¡ dpfp¡ “l] L$l¡hpe. ...S>¡ v$¡hÖìe“p¡ âkpv$
Mpi¡ s¡ dlp‘rss ’i¡''. v$pdp¡v$fv$pk kçcghpfp“p¡ Np¡gp¡L$hpk ’sp„
kp^“v$ur‘L$p N°Þ’ :
s¡d“p îuW$pL$p¡fÆ îudlpâcyÆ“p Of¡ ‘^pep® Ðepf¡ îuNp¡‘u“p’ÆA¡
‘y r ô$dpN}Ap¡ õhhZp® î d^d® “ y „ ‘pg“ L$fhp“u kp’p¡ k p’
S>“rinp’® Apop L$fu L¡$ ""Ap‘“p¡ L$l¡hX$phu“¡ S>¡ îuW$pL$p¡fÆ“u hõsydp„
‘yrô$rkÙpÞsp“ykpf ‘yrô$c[¼sde Æh“ r“rh®Â“‘Z¡ Æhu iL¡$ s¡ dpV¡$ Ap‘¡
‘p¡sp“y„ d“ bNpX$i¡ s¡“p¡ r“d|m “pi ’i¡''.
‘yrô$dpN}“u qv$“Qep®“y„ AÐeÞs kfm fus¡ r“ê$‘Z L$f“pfp "kp^“v$ur‘L$p'
“pd“p Av¹$cys N°Þ’“u fQ“p L$fu.
îudlpâcyÆ“p ârsr“r^, ‘yrô$dpN}e k¡hprhr^-k¡hpcph“p âv$i®L$,
k¡hprhr^-k¡hpcph“p : îudlpâcy Æ “p lpv$ ® “ ¡ ÅZ“pfp îuNp¡ ‘ u“p’âcy Q fZp¡ “ y „ ‘y r ô$ d pN}e
‘yrô$dpN® ‘pk¡ s¡ kde¡ îuW$pL$p¡fÆ“¡ S>Nphhp’u gC“¡ ‘p¡Y$pX$hp ‘fç‘fpdp„ A“Þe õ’p“ R>¡ S>¡ 1îuNykp„CÆ s¡dS> 2îu‘yfyjp¡ÑdÆ rhfrQs
ky^u“u kp„Np¡‘p„N k¡hprhr^ L¡$ k¡hp kçbÞ^u cph“p bsph“pf L$p¡C ‘Z dP¹$Ng ígp¡L$p¡’u kdÆ iL$pe R>¡.
N°Þ’ D‘gå^ “ lsp¡. îuNp¡‘u“p’ÆA¡ îudlpâcyÆ ‘pk¡’u d¡mh¡g dpN®v$i®“ ev$“N
y l° sp¡ S>Þsy: kh®v$y:Mp-rsNp¡ ch¡s¹ —&
A“ykpf ‘yyrô$dpN}e k¡hp¾$d A“¡ s¡“p ‘pR>m fl¡gu h°S>gugpÐdL$ cph“p “y„ sdl„ kh®v$p hÞv$¡ îudÜëgc“Þv$“d¹ —&&
r“ê$‘Z L$f“pf "r“Ðek¡hprhr^'“p ígp¡L$p¡“u fQ“p L$fu. ApS>¡ ‘yrô$dpN®dp„ S>Þd gC“¡ kp„kpqfL$ vy$:Mp¡“p kpNfdp„ X|$bhp S>sp¡ Æh S>¡d“u
kh®Ó îuNp¡‘u“p’Æ rhfrQs k¡hprhr^ A“ykpf S> îuW$pL$p¡fÆ“u k¡hp L$fhpdp„ L©$‘p’u b^p vy$:Mp¡’u bQu Åe R>¡ A¡hp îudlpâcyÆ“p ‘yÓ îuNp¡‘u“p’Æ“¡
Aph¡ R>¡. Ap k¡hprhr^“¡ OZp gp¡L$p¡ îuNykp„CÆ rQs dp“¡ R>¡ S>¡ blº dp¡V$u lº„ kh®v$p hÞv$“ L$fy„ Ry>„. -îuNykp„CÆ
N¡fkdS> R>¡. îuhëgcârsr“t^ s¡Å¡fpi] v$epZ®hd¹ —&
NyZpsus„ NyZr“t^ îuNp¡‘u“p’d¹ Apîe¡ —&&
cpNhsâ¡d : s¡S>“p c„X$pf, v$ep“p kpNf, gp¥qL$L$ NyZp¡’u Asus A“¡ Agp¥qL$L$
bpëephõ’p’u S> îuNp¡‘u“p’Æ“¡ $cpNhs ‘yfpZ âÐe¡ Arsie NyZp¡“p r“r^ s¡dS> îudlpâcyÆ“p ârsr“r^ A¡hp îuNp¡‘u“p’Æ“p¡ lº„
ApL$j®Z lsy„. kç‘|Z® cpNhs“p¡ ‘pW$ L$ep® ‘R>u S> cp¡S>“ L$fhy„ A¡hp¡ Ap‘“p¡ Apîe gJ Ry>„. -îu‘yfyjp¡ÑdÆ

1 2
S>ÞdS>eÞsu :
îudlpâcyÆ“p ârsr“r^õhê$‘ îuNp¡‘u“p’Æ âcyQfZp¡“u S>eÞsu
&& kp^“vur‘L$p &&
d“phhp bpbs q“.gu.Np¡. îuh°S>fpS>QfZ gM¡ R>¡:
( d„NgpQfZ )
îuhëgcârsr“t^ Np¡‘u“p’„ õhdpÐdS>d¹ —&
sp “: îusps-‘s¹-‘Úf¡Zh: L$pd^¡“h: &&
âL$V$uL©$shp“¹ õhõe õhê$‘op‘“pe rl —&&
“pL$õe sfhp¡@Þe¡jp„ õey: L$ë‘sfhp¡ e’p &&1&&
AsõsÓp¡Ðkh: L$pe®: õhdpN®õ’¥õsy kh®’p —&
S>¡d buÅAp¡“u BÃR>p‘|rs® L$fhphmp õhN®“p L$ë‘h©n A“¡ L$pd^¡“y lp¡e
...âÐeåv$d¹ DÐkh„ Ly$ep®s¹ õhpQpep®Zp„ Q syô$e¡ —&& R>¡ s¡d AdpfpdpV$¡ sp¡ Adpfp r‘sp dlpâcy îuhëgcpQpe®“p QfZL$dmp¡“u
‘p¡sp“p õhê$‘“y„ op“ L$fphhp dpV¡$ ‘p¡sp“p ârsr“r^ A¡hp õh‘yÓ fS> S> L$ë‘s{ A“¡ L$pd^¡“y kdp“ ’pAp¡.
îuNp¡‘u“p’Æ“¡ îudlpâcyÆA¡ âL$V$ L$ep®. s¡’u îudlpâcyÆ“¡ âkÞ“ îyrs-õd©rs-rifp¡fГ-“ufprS>s-‘vpçbyS>d¹ &&
L$fhp dpV¡$ ‘yrô$dpN}Ap¡A¡ îuNp¡‘u“p’Æ“p¡ âL$V$é DÐkh ârs hj® Ahíe eip¡vp¡Ðk„$N-grgs„ hÞv¡ îu“Þv-“Þv“d¹ &&2&&
d“phhp¡. (“k„hÐkfp¡ÐkhL$ë‘gsp’ AÞsN®s) îyrs - õd©rs ê‘u DÑd fГp¡’u S>¡Ap¡“p QfZL$dm AÐeÞs ip¡cu
----------------------------------------------------------------------- füp„ R>¡ A¡hp eip¡vp“p Mp¡mpdp„ M¡gsp, “Þv“Þv îuL©$óZ“¡ lº„ hÞv“ L${„ Ry>„.
“p¢^ : îuNp¡‘u“p’Æ rhi¡j ÅZL$pfu dpV¡$ hp„Qp¡ : "îuNp¡‘u“p’ âcyQfZ', (Ap N°Þ’dp„ D‘qvô bpbsp¡dp„ âdpZ îyrs õd©rs ‘fpZ sÞÓ hN¡f¡ ip”p¡“u
îudvpQpe®QfZ Üpfp âL$V$ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g ìep¿ep R>¡.)
âL$piL$ : îuhëgcpQpe® V²$õV$, dp„X$hu-L$ÃR>.)
c[¼sdpN®-rhsp“pe ep¡@hsuZp£ lºspi“: &&
kA¡h “: ‘f„ dp“„ i¡jd¹ Aõe âdpÞsfd¹ &&3&&
c[¼sdpN®“p¡ âQpf L$fhpdpV$¡ h¥íhp“fõhê‘ îuhëgcpQpe®-QfZp¡A¡
îuNp¡‘u“p’âcyQfZ ‘„Qisp[åv$ dlp¡Ðkh c|sm D‘f Ahspf ^pfZ L$ep£ R>¡ s¡d“p hQ“p¡S> AdpfpdpV$¡ ‘fd
âdpZê‘ R>¡. buÅ âdpZp¡ A¡“p A„Nc|s A’hp s¡“u kfMpdZudp„ Np¥Z
AÞsN®s hs®dp“ hj®dp„ ep¡Å“pfp L$pe®¾$dp¡ :
âdpZ R>¡.
1. k¡rd“pf h¡vÓeu-rifp¡cpN-k|Ó-ìep¿ep“-kçdspd¹ &&
2. âL$pi“ : rQÓÆ, õdpqfL$p, kp^“v$ur‘L$p rhh¡Q“ hN¡f¡ c[¼s-ipõÓp“ykpf¡Z Ly$h£ kp^“-vur‘L$pd¹ &&4&&
3. "kp^“v$ur‘L$p' N°Þ’ D‘f âhQ“dpmp ÓZ¡ h¡vp¡“p rifp¡cpNê‘ D‘r“jv¹ D‘f gMpe¡gp b°ûk|Ó ‘f“p
4. îuNp¡‘u“p’Æ“p Æh“QqfÓ“y„ A“ykÞ^p“ dlpâcy îuhëgcpQpe®QfZ rhfrQs cpóe’u Arh{Ù âL$pf¡ c[¼sip”“p
5. îuNp¡‘u“p’Æ“p b¡W$L$Æ“y„ A“ykÞ^p“-r“dp®Z“u A“ykpf "kp^“vur‘L$p' N°Þ’“u fQ“p lº„ L${„ Ry>„.
i¼esp ‘f rhQpf.
6. rh.k„. 2067 dp„ Aph“pf âpL$V$éqv$hk ‘f rhi¡j (îulqfk¡hp“u AphíeL$sp“p D‘‘pv““u kp’¡ N°Þ’“p¡ D‘¾$d)
Apep¡S>“. ""ApÐdp hpf'' Brs îyÐep vi®“¥L$-a$gp¡ rhr^: &&
dprlrs-õh¥[ÃR>L$ klep¡N dpV¡$ ‘ÓpQpf : îhZpÛ¥: ârsops: ""s„ cS>¡s¹''-""s„ fk¡qv''rs &&5&&
""sõdpv¹ cpfs khp®Ðdp cNhp“¹ lqffuíhf: &&
îuhëgcpQpe® V²$õV$, L„$kpfp bÅf, dp„X$hu-L$ÃR>, NyS>fps, 389350 îp¡sìe: L$urs®sìeíQ õds®ìeíQ¡ÃR>spced¹'' &&6&&
3 4
 ‘y{jõeprhi¡j¡Z k„kpf„ ârS>lpks: && ( õhdpN}e Ny{“y„ â’d L$s®ìe : cNhp““u ifZpNrs dpV$¡ v¥hu Æhp¡“¡ â¡qfs L$fhy„ R>¡ )
lf¡f¹ Apfp^“¡ dy[¼s: ... ... ... ... ... ... v¡lÖp¡Îep reepk|“p„ ‘f„ ‘pf„ chpçby^¡: &&
""ApÐdp“y„ vi®“ L$fhy„ Å¡CA¡, îhZ L$fhy„ Å¡CA¡, d““ L$fhy„ Å¡CA¡, Ny{Zp L$Z®^pf¡Z *1øéyÑpep® õhp¡‘v¡is: &&11&&
r“qvÝepk“ L$fhy„ Å¡CA¡'' Ap îyrshQ“dp„ ‘fdpÐdvi®“dpV$¡ ‘fdpÐdp“p ""ep¡ b°ûpZ„ rhv^prs ‘|h¯ ep¡ h¥ h¡vp„íQ ârlZp¡rs sõd¥ &&
îhZ-d““-r“qvÝepk“ L$fhp“u Apop R>¡. s¡ S>¡ âd¡Z¡ ""s¡“y„ cS>“ L$f¡'' s„ l v¡hd¹ ApÐd-byrÙâL$pi„
""s¡“p¡ fkp“ych L$f¡'' A¡hp hQ“p¡ ‘Z R>¡. dydynyh§ ifZd¹ Al„ â‘Û¡'' &&12&&
îyrs“u S>¡d õd©rsdp„ ‘Z ""dpV$¡ l¡ cpfs ! khp®Ðdp, cNhp“¹, lqf, ""kh®^dp®“¹ ‘qfÐeÄe dpd¡L„$ ifZ„ h°S>'' &&
Cíhf“y„ Ace BÃR>sp d“yóe¡ îhZ-L$us®“-õdfZ L$fhy„ Å¡CA¡'' A¡d L$üy„ Brs îyÐep s’p õd©Ðep â‘Òepv¡id¹ Apqvs: &&13&&
R>¡. v¡lê‘u lp¡muÜpfp k„kpfkdyÖ“p ‘¡g¡ ‘pf S>hp“u BÃR>phpmp“u “ph“¡,
Ap b^p hQ“p¡’u A¡ rkÙ ’pe R>¡ L¡$ AlÞsp-ddspÐdL$ k„kpf“¡ s¡“p¡ L$Z®^pf - “prhL$ Ny{ ‘p¡sp“p DÑd D‘v¡ip¡’u, ‘¡g¡ ‘pf Dspf¡.
R>p¡X$hp“u BÃR>phpmp d“yóe¡ âcy“p Apf^““¡S> dy[¼sê‘ ÅZhy„. íh¡spíhsf D‘r“jv¹dp„ L$üy„ R>¡ L¡$ ""S>¡ ‘|h£ b°ûpÆ“¡ âL$V$ L$f¡ R>¡ A“¡ s¡Ap¡“¡
ÓZ h¡vp¡“y„ vp“ L$f¡ R>¡ s¡ ApÐd-byrÙ’u âL$pris ’“pf v¡h“¡ ifZ¡ lº„ ÅJ Ry>„.
(s¡dp„ ip dpV$¡1 A“¡ L¡$hp¡2 Ny{ AphíeL$ lp¡e R>¡ s¡“y„ r“ê‘Z) cNhv¹Nuspdp„ ‘Z cNhp“¡ õhdyM¡ ASy>®““¡ Apop Ap‘u R>¡ L¡$ ""b^p
....................sÐâL$pfp¡ r“êàes¡ &&7&& ^dp£“p¡ ÐepN L$fu“¡ L¡$hm dpfp ifZ¡ Aph''. Apd îyrs A“¡ õd©rs dp„ kh®
""dplpÐçeop“‘|hp£rl ky×Y$: kh®sp¡@r^L$: && â’d ifZpNs ’hp“p¡ Apv¡i R>¡.
õ“¡lp¡"c[¼s'qfrs âp¡¼s: sep dy[¼s“® QpÞe’p'' &&8&&
dplpÐçeop‘“pe¥h îhZ„ NyZL$d®Zpd¹ && ( õhdpN}e rÜS>Ly$m“p rióep¡“y„ L$s®ìe )
ipõÓpZpd¹ D‘ep¡Np¡@Ó sÓpL$p„np Nyfp¡f¹ ch¡s¹1 &&9&& â¡çZp¡‘v¡i-îhZps¹ *2â‘rÑ: â¡d-L$pfZd¹ &&
""L©$óZk¡hp-‘f„ huÿe vçcpqv-frls„ “fd¹ && Asp¡ d|gprcj¡L$p¡ rl L$pe®k¹ s¡“põe k¡h“¡ &&14&&
îucpNhssÐho„ cS>¡s¹ rS>opkyfpvfps¹''2 &&10&& “rl v¡lc©sp i¼e„ L$d® Ðe¼syd¹ Ai¡js: &&
s¡’u lh¡ cNhv¹cS>“ê‘u dy[¼s“u âp[às S>¡ kp^“’u ’C iL¡$ s¡ kp^““y„ As: õh^dp®QfZ„ cpf-Ü¥NyÎed¹ AÞe’p &&15&&
r“ê‘Z L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. ip”dp„ c[¼s“p gnZ“y„ L$’“ ""âcy“p õh^dp®QfZ„ i¼Ðep øé^dp®Ñy r“hs®“d¹ &&
dplpÐçe“p op“ ‘|h®L$ âcydp„ ky×Y$ A“¡ klº’u Ar^L$ õ“¡l A¡V$g¡ "c[¼s'. B[ÞÖepíh-rhr“N°pl: kh®’p “ ÐeS>¡s¹ Óe„ &&16&&
Aphu c[¼s’u S> dy[¼s dm¡ R>¡, AÞe L$p¡C âL$pf¡ “l]'' Ap âdpZ¡ L$üy„ R>¡. Brs cpNhsp¡ ^d®: îudvpQpe®-kçds: &&
Ap hQ“dp„ âcy“p NyZ-L$dp£“y„ îhZ L$fhy„ s¡“¡ dplpÐçeop““y„ kp^“ c[¼s-ipõÓp“yL|$ëe¡“ õh^dp®QfZ„ ch¡s¹ &&17&&
L$l¡hpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡. Ap L$pe® sp¡ ip”’uS> ’hy„ i¼e lp¡hp’u kh®â’d ip”“p D‘fp¡¼s gnZp¡hpmp Ny{“p dyM¡ îÙp-â¡d’u cNhs¹ ip”“p D‘v¡i“y„
AÝee““u AphíeL$sp lp¡e R>¡. ip”“y„ AÝee“ Ny{ rh“p ’C “ iL¡$ s¡’u îhZ L$fhp’u S>¡“phX¡$ c[¼s rkÙ’pe s¡hy„ cNhp““y„ ifZ âpàs ’pe R>¡.
kh®â’d kp^“ Ny{“¡ dp“hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. L$rgL$pmdp„ L$ëepZL$pfu âpe: b^p ip”ue kp^“p¡ Äepf¡ vy:kpÝe b“u Nep„
s¡’u âcy“p dplpÐçeop““¡ âpàs L$fhp“u BÃR>phpmp¡ d“yóe S>¡ R>¡ Ðepf¡ AÞepÞe kp^“p¡dp„ îd “ L$fu“¡ b^p“y„ d|m A¡hp âcy“p ifZê‘u
L©$óZk¡hpdp„ sБf lp¡e, vçc Apqv’u frls lp¡e A“¡ îucpNhs‘yfpZ“p D‘pe“y„ S> k¡h“ L$fhy„.
sÒh“¡ ÅZsp¡ lp¡e s¡hp “f“u ‘funp L$fu“¡ Apvf’u cS>“ L$f¡. ifuf^pfudpV$¡ L$dp£“p¡ ‘|Z®‘Z¡ ÐepN L$fhp¡ i¼e “’u lp¡sp¡. s¡’u vf¡L$

5 6
d“yóe¡ ‘p¡s-‘p¡sp“p hZ® A“¡ Apîd “p ^dp®“ykpf L$d® L$fhp. Å¡ Apd AÞe’psy L©$rsìe®’p® Ó¥hÁe®rhjep es: &&22&&
L$fhpdp„ “ Aph¡ sp¡ õh^dp®QfZ“u D‘¡np A“¡ õhÃR>Þv ApQfZ Apd S>¡d h©n“p d|mdp„ ‘pZu f¡X$hp’u h©n“p ‘p“, “p“u-dp¡V$u X$pmuAp¡ hN¡f¡
b¡hX$p¡ vp¡j gpN¡. h©n“p b^p cpNp¡“¡ Ap‘ d¡m¡ ‘pZu ‘lp¢Qu S>sy„ lp¡e R>¡ s¡ S> âdpZ¡
s¡’u i[¼s A“ykpf õh^d®“y„ ApQfZ L$fhy„, A^d®“y„ ApQfZ kh®’p “ îuL©$óZ“u k¡hp L$fhp’u b^p v¡hu-v¡hspAp¡“y„ ‘|S>“ Ap‘ d¡m¡ ’C Åe R>¡.
L$fhy„ A“¡ B[ÞÖep¡ê‘u Op¡X$pAp¡“¡ rhi¡jê‘’u AP¹$Lº$idp„ fpMhp. Ap ÓZ¡e “p¡ s¡’u s¡ âdpZ¡ S> r“ÐeL$d® L$fhy„ DÑd NZpe. Å¡ Apd “ L$f¡ sp¡ ( S>¡d
ÐepN kh®’p “ L$fhp¡. h©n“p d|mdp„ ‘pZu “ f¡X$u“¡ s¡“p X$pmu-‘p„vX$p„ D‘f ‘pZu f¡X$hpdp„ Aph¡ sp¡
Ap âL$pf“p¡ cpNhs ^d® dlpâcy îuhëgcpQpe®“¡ dpÞe R>¡. ‘p¡s- ‘pZu ‘Z “L$pdy„ Åe A“¡ h©n ‘Z L$pm¾$d¡ kyL$pC Åe s¡d ) b^p L$dp£
‘p¡sp“p hZp®îd^d®“y„ ApQfZ L$fhpdp„ ‘Z c[¼sip”’u A“yLy$m A¡hp r“óa$m Åe R>¡. L$pfZ L¡$ b^p L$dp£’u ‘|Äe sp¡ ‘fpБf sÒh îuL©$óZ S> lp¡e
hZp®îd^d®“y„ ApQfZ L$fhy„ A¡d rhi¡j ÅZhy„. R>¡, s¡d“¡ d|L$u“¡ Å¡ L$d® L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ sp¡ L$d®bÞ^“’u R|>V$hp“p õ’p“¡ h^y
b„^pC S>hp“u [õ’rs Aph¡. L$pfZ L¡$ L$d® sp¡ ^dp®’®-L$pdê‘u rÓhN®“¡ S> rkÙ
(s¡dp„ ‘p¡s-‘p¡sp“p h¡v“u ipMp A“ykpf jp¡X$i k„õL$pf s’p sÞd|gL$ Ap[ø“L$ L$f“p{„ lp¡e R>¡ !
1-6
ip¥QpQpf hN¡f¡ c¼Ðey‘ep¡Nu lp¡hp’u rÜÅ¡ dpV$¡ S>êfu lp¡e R>¡.) Ncp®^p“pqv-k„õL$pf¥: õhipMp¡¼s¥f¹ rÜÅ¡ eys: &&
Ncp®^p“pqv-k„õL$pf¥: rÜS>¥dp§ÊÄeÞs-kçch¥: && Ny{„ â‘Û¡v¹ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...&&
v¡l: k„ip¡^“uep¡ rl lqfcphp¡ “ QpÞe’p &&18&& s¡’u S>¡ rÜS> rÓhN®dp„ a„$kphp “ BÃR>sp¡ lp¡e s¡Z¡ ‘p¡sp“p h¡v“u
Ncp®^p“ k„õL$pf’u L$fu“¡ dp¥ÊÆbÞ^“ê‘ eop¡‘hus k„õL$pf ‘e®Þs b^p ipMpdp„ L$üp âdpZ¡“p Ncp®^p“ hN¡f¡ k„õL$pfp¡’u ‘rhÓ ’C“¡ c[¼sdpN}e
k„õL$pfp¡hX¡$ rÜS> A¡V$g¡ b°pûZ-nrÓe-h¥íe ‘p¡sp“p v¡l“y„ kpfufus¡ ip¡^“ Ny{“p ifZ¡ S>hy„.
L$f¡. Apd L$fhp’u v¡l ‘rhÓ b“i¡ S>¡“¡ L$pfZ¡ v¡ldp„ cNh˜ph“u ep¡Áesp
rkÙ ’i¡ s¡ rkhpe “l]. (rÜS>¡sf rióep¡“p L$s®ìe“y„ r“ê‘Z )
ip¥QpQpf-rhlu“õe Apkyfph¡i-kçchps¹ && ........AÞeõsy kvpQpfp¡@õe k„îeps¹ &&23&&
ss: õhp[ø“L$-^dp®Zpd¹ ApQpfp¡@r‘ âkÄes¡ &&19&& S>¡Ap¡ rÜS> “ lp¡e s¡Ap¡ sp¡ ip”dp„ bspìep dyS>b rÜÅ¡“u ‘qfQep® L$f¡
S>¡ ìe[¼s iyrÙ hN¡f¡ ApQpf“y„ ip”pop A“ykpf ‘pg“ “’u L$fsu s¡“p A“¡ kvpQpf ‘fpeZ flu“¡ c[¼sdpN}e Ny{“p ifZ¡ Åe.
v¡l-B[ÞÖedp„ Apkyfph¡i ’hp“u kçcph“p ‘|f¡-‘|fu fl¡ R>¡. s¡’u vf¡L¡$ ‘p¡s-
‘p¡sp“p r“Ðe L$dp£“y„ ApQfZ ‘Z L$fhy„ Å¡CA¡. (â‘rÑdpN®dp„ vurns gp¡L$p¡A¡ h¥óZhpQpf“y„ M ‘qf‘pg“ L$fhy„. s¡dp„ â’d
õ“p“„1 kÞÝep-S>‘p¡2 lp¡d:3 õhpÝepe:4 r‘s©s‘®Zd¹5&& kàsrh^ c[¼s N/1-7 “p¡ D‘v¡i )
h¥íhv¡hL$v¡hpQp®6 Brs jV¹$-L$d®L©$v¹ ch¡s¹ &&20&& gåÝhp“yN°ld¹ ApQpep®s¹ îuL©$óZifZ„ S>“: L$ &&
s¡ R> r“ÐeL$dp£ Ap dyS>b ÅZhp : ip”rhr^’u õ“p“, kÞÝep A“¡ ^pfe¡s¹ rsgL„$ dpgp„ h¥óZhpQpf-sБf: &&24&&
S>‘, lp¡d, cZ¡gp h¡v“y„ AÝee“, r‘s©s‘®Z A“¡ h¥íhv¡h“p v¡h“y„ ‘|S>“• ‘yrôc[¼sdpN®dp„ {rQ ^fphsu ìe[¼s ‘yrôc[¼s kçâvpe“p D‘fp¡¼s
Ap R> L$dp£ rÜS>¡ kvp L$fhp.0 gnZ ^fphsp L$p¡C kyep¡Áe ApQpe®h„iS>“u L©$‘p âpàs L$fu“¡ kh® â’d
e’p rl õL$Þ^-ipMp“p„ sfp¡d|®gprcj¡Q“d¹ && s¡Ap¡’u îuL©$óZ“p “pddÞÓ“u ifZvunp“¡ âpàs L$f¡. Ap âL$pf¡
s’p khp®l®Z„ eõdps¹ ‘qfQep®rhr^l®f¡: &&21&& cNhÞdpN®dp„ vurns ’Ce¡g ìe[¼s L$‘pm D‘f Ly$„Ly$d’u EÝh®‘y„X²$ rsgL$ A“¡
Ask¹ sv“yfp¡^¡“ r“ÐeL$d®-L©$rsf¹ hfp && Nmpdp„ sygkuL$p›$“u dpmu-L$„W$u kvp ^pfZ L$f¡.

7 8
 kh®õh„ lqfkpÐL$pe¯ ÐeS>¡s¹ kh®d¹ Ah¥óZhd¹ && ‘p¡sp“pdp„ cNhv„isp“y„ v¥Þe‘|h®L$ õdfZ L$fsp-L$fsp îÙp ‘|h®L$ âcy“p
tlö-L$pçep@Þev¡hpQp® eqv r“Ðe„ Q gp¥qL$L$d¹ &&25&& QfZL$dmdp„ hÞv“ L$f¡.
h¥óZh ’ep ‘R>u ‘p¡sp“y„ kh®õh îulqf“¡ Ar‘®s L$fhy„. S>¡ L$p¡C ‘Z vpõe„ sv¡L$-ifZ„ sÐâkpv¥L$-cp¡S>“d¹N/7 &&
Ah¥óZh ApQpf ‘|h£ L$fsp¡ lp¡e s¡ b^p R>p¡X$hp. Æhtlkp ’su lp¡e s¡hp A¡h„ kàsrh^p c[¼s: â‘Þ“pr^L©$sp ch¡s¹ &&30&&
L$dp£, L$pçeL$d®; A“¡ îuL©$óZ rkhpe AÞe v¡hp¡“u ‘|Å-AQ®“p “p¡ ‘qfÐepN A¡L$dpÓ îuL©$óZ“p¡ S> Apîe (A“Þesp) A“¡ îuL©$óZ“¡ kdr‘®s L$f¡g
L$fhp¡. r“Ðe-“¥rdrÑL$ ip”ue L$dp£ ‘Z Å¡ h¥óZhdpN®’u rh‘fus lp¡e sp¡ s¡ ‘vp’®“y„ S> cp¡S>“ (Akdr‘®s Æh“) s¡“¡ âcy“y„ "vpk‘Ï„' L$l¡hpe R>¡. Ap
‘Z R>p¡X$hp. s¡ S> âdpZ¡ h¥óZhdpN®’u rh‘fus A¡hp kpdprS>L$-gp¥qL$L$ âL$pf¡ îhZ’u gC“¡ vpõe ‘e®Þs kps âL$pf“u c[¼s“y„ kpfufus¡ A“ykfZ
L$pep£“p¡ ‘Z ÐepN L$fhp¡. L$fhp’u ifZpNrs rkÙ ’pe R>¡.
‘|h®cp„X$pqvL„$ kh¯ ‘qfÐeÄe rhiyrÙs: M &&
îhZpqv‘fp¡ r“Ðe„ lf¡: â¡dpõ‘vp¡ ch¡s¹ &&26&& (â‘rÑdpN®d¢ vurns“¹L$p¢ h¥óZh h°sp¡ÐkhO ‘„QeoP$ su’®hpkQ h¥óZhrsgL$pqv
dpN®dp„ vurns ’hp’u ‘|h£ ‘p¡sp“p D‘ep¡Ndp„ Aphsp b^p hpkZ-Ly$kZ bpøepæeÞsf rQø“L$p¡R>-S> ^pfZ ApqvL$p¡ D‘v¡i )
hN¡f¡ L$pY$u “pMu“¡ “hu“ hpkZf¡ hkphhp. õhhZp®îd^dp®“ykpf rhi¡j ‘|h®rhÙ„ ‘qfÐepÄe„ h°s„ sv¹rhóÏ-‘„QL$d¹ &&
*4
ApN°l’u õ“p“-Mp“-‘p“-h”-õ‘i® Apqvdp„ iyrÙ fpMhu. s¡ S> âdpZ¡ S>eÞsu s|ve¡@Þe¡“ vyóV$pÞepàe{Zp¡veps¹ &&31&&
âcy kçbÞ^u îhZ-L$us®“ hN¡f¡dp„ kss sБf fl¡. Apd L$fhp’u c¼s ApNm“u rsr’“p h¡^hpmu A¡L$pviu, S>eÞsu hN¡f¡ rhóÏ‘ÊQL$
âcy“¡ râe b“¡ R>¡. h°sp¡Ðkh“p¡ ÐepN L$fhp¡. k|ep£ve L$pmdp„ S>¡ rsr’ lp¡e s¡“¡ S> s¡ qvhk“u rsr’
lf¡Ny®Zp“p„ îhZ„ Äepep¡æe: i©Ïeps¹ kvpN/1 && dp“u“¡ îuL©$óZS>eÞsu Apqv DÐkhp¡ DS>hhp. s¡ S> âdpZ¡ A¡L$pviu ‘Z Å¡
Åsrin: ehuep¡æe: L$us®e¡v¹ AÞe’¥L$g:N/2 &&27&& AÞe rsr’“p h¡^hpmu lp¡e sp¡ s¡ qvhk¡ “ L$fhu.
Äe¡›$ h¥óZhp¡ ‘pk¡’u âcy kçbÞ^u NyZ-gug hN¡f¡“y„ kvp îhZ L$f¡. hjp®rîspÞeyÐkhpr“ õhprîspÞer‘ epÞeys O &&
îhZ L$f¡g“¡ ×Y$ L$fhpdpV$¡ ‘p¡s¡ ‘Z s¡“p¡ Aæepk L$f¡. k„$Nu c¼sp¡“u kpd¡ spr“ khp®rZ lfe¡ *5øe“yL|$gpr“ Qp‘®e¡s¹ &&32&&
cNhÐL$us®“ L$f¡. kБy{j“p¡ k„$N âpàs “ ’pe sp¡ A¡L$gp¡ S> cNhÐL$us®“ L$f¡ hfkdp„ Aphsp DÐkh s¡dS> ‘p¡sp“p d“p¡f’ âdpZ¡“p DÐkhp¡ ‘Z
( A’p®s¹ Aks¹“p¡ k„N “ S> L$f¡ ). kp^“-kç‘rÑ, õhpõÕe, kde Apqv“u A“yLy$msp lp¡e sp¡ s¡ b^p âcy“u
ArskyÞvfê‘prZ gugp^pdpr“ k„õdf¡s¹N/3 && kp’¡ Ahíe d“phhp.
‘pvk¡hp lf¡: L$pep® kh®kç‘[Þ“L¡$s“¥:N/4 &&28&& îpÙpr“ Qp¡ÑdpÞe¡h h¥íhv¡h„ Q v¥hL$d¹ &&
âcy“p NyZ-gugp“p îhZ-L$us®“pqv“u kp’p¡kp’ âcy“p khp®r^L$ lf¡: âkpvs: Ly$ep®s¹ ssk¹ s©[àsf“yÑdp &&33&&
kyÞvf õhê‘ A“¡ âcy“p Agp¥qL$L$ gugp^pdp¡ “y„ ‘Z kss õdfZ L$fsp¡ fl¡. îpÙ hNf¡ L$pep£, rhíh¡v¡h kçb[Þ^ L$pep£ s¡dS> AÞe ‘Z v¡hsp
Ap kp’¡ âcy“p QfZL$dgp¡“u k¡hp ‘Z ‘p¡sp“p Of-^“ Apqv kh®õh“p kçb[Þ^ b^p DÑd L$pep£ ApN°l ‘|h®L$ âcy“p dlpâkpv’u S> L$fhp. Apd
rhr“ep¡N ‘|h®L$ Ahíe L$f¡. L$fhp’u r‘s©Ap¡“¡ s¡dS> âcy“p L$d®krQh v¡hspAp¡“¡ ‘Z DÑdp¡Ñd s©[às
AQ®“„ âÐel„ sõe rhr^“p r“ed¡“ QN/5 && ’pe R>¡.
hÞv“„ QfZpçcp¡S>¡ sõe cph“eprMg¡ N/6 &&29&& âkpvp¡@r‘ brg: L$pe®: õhpÐdk„õL$pfA¡h k:&&
âcy“p dplpÐçe“p op“ ‘|h®L$ gp¡L$rhgnZ D‘Qpfp¡’u ârsqv“ r“ed AÞ“õe QpÐd“íQpr‘ sÐk„õL$pf¡Z sБf:&&34&&
‘|h®L$ âcy“u k¡hp L$f¡. kdN° S>Ns¹dp„ cNhvpÐdL$sp“p¡ cph fpMu“¡ Np¡N°pk Apqv c|seo ‘Z âcy“p dlpâkpv’uS> L$fhp. s¡ Ap‘Zp

9 10
ApÐdp“p¡ k„õL$pf S> R>¡. s¡’u AÞ“ A“¡ ApÐdp “p s¡ k„õL$pf’u sБf fl¡hy„. â‘ÊQrhõd©rs‘|h®L$ cNhvpk[¼s2 A“¡ h¥Ly$ÎW$pqv cNhëgp¡L$dp„ k¡hp¡‘ep¡Nu v¡l“u âp[às3 ‘Z
rhâp Nphp¡ lf¡c®¼sp: kvp ‘|Äep lf¡: râep:&& a$rgs ’pe R>¡)
N©lõ’õeprsr’e®õdps¹ ‘|Äep¡ vu“p¡ vepõ‘v:P$ &&35&& eep "khp®Ðdcphp'¿ep ‘fp rkrÙ: õhe„ ch¡s¹1 &&40&&
b°pûZ, Npe A“¡ cNhv¹c¼sp¡ âcy“p râe R>¡ s¡’u s¡ b^p“p¡ kÐL$pf Aphu “¥r›$L$u c[¼s“p L$pfZ¡ "khp®Ðdcph' “pd¡ Ap¡mMpsu DÐL©$ô rkrÙ
Ahíe L$fhp¡. s¡ S> âdpZ¡ N©lõ’dpV$¡ Arsr’ ‘Z ‘|Äe lp¡e R>¡. N©lõ’¡ Ap‘d¡m¡ S> âpàs ’C Åe R>¡.
vy:Mu gp¡L$p¡ D‘f vepcph fpMhp¡. kh®hõsyjy h¥fpÁe„ vp¡j×óV$ép rhcphe¡s¹ &&
S>NÞ“p’¡ ÜpqfL$pep„ îuf„$N¡ h°S>d„X$g¡&& vd“pv¹ B[ÞÖepZp„ Q kÞsyóV$épr‘ Q rkÝers &&41&&
eÓ ‘|Åâhpl: õeps¹ sÓ rsóW$¡ÃQ sБf:&&36&& vp¡j×rô fpMu“¡ b^u hõsyAp¡dp„ h¥fpÁe“u rhcph“p L$fhu. B[ÞÖep¡D‘f
S>NÞ“p’‘yfu, ÜpfL$p‘yfu, îuf„NÆ, h°S>d„X$g hN¡f¡ cNhÐõ’p“p¡dp„ Äep„ k„ed A“¡ âpàs hõsy - ‘qf[õ’rsdp„ kÞsp¡j fpMhp’u ‘Z h¥fpÁe Qp¡¼L$k
A“hfs cNhБ|Å ’su lp¡e Ðep„ âcy‘fpeZ b“u“¡ fl¡. (‘p¡sp“p Ofdp„ L¡$mhu iL$pe R>¡.
cNhÐk¡hp L$fhp i[¼sdp“¹ “ lp¡e s¡hp âcy‘fpeZ rhf¼s ‘yrôdpN}dpV$¡ kh®Ó¥h rhf¼sõe fpN: õepv¹ “Þv“Þv“¡ &&
Ap D‘v¡i R>¡). s¡“pk[¼síQ ìek“„ â‘„QpõazfZ„2 ch¡s¹&&42&&
N„Npqv-su’®-he£jy e’p rQÑ„ “ vyóers Q && kh®Ó h¥fpÁe lp¡e s¡“¡ S> “Þv“Þv“ îuL©$óZdp„ â¡d ’C iL¡$ R>¡. â¡d’u
îhZpÛ¥: cS>¡v¡h„ îucpNhssБf: &&37&& Apk[¼s ’pe R>¡, Apk[¼s’u ìek“ A“¡ s¡“p ‘qfZpd¡ â‘ÊQ“u Aõawrs®
N„NpÆ hN¡f¡ î¡›$ su’p£dp„, Ars r“L$V$sp hN¡f¡ L$pfZ¡ su’®“p¡ A“pvf L¡$ ‘|h®L$ cNhp“¹dp„ "r“fp¡^' rkÙ ’pe R>¡.
s¡hpS> buÅ vp¡jp¡“¡ L$pfZ¡ rQÑ v|rjs “ ’pe s¡ âL$pf¡ îucpNhs ‘yfpZ“p A¡h„ r“{ÙrQÑõep---“yN©lusõe Q¡risy: &&
‘pW$pqvdp„ sБf b“u“¡ âcy“y„ îhZpqv’u cS>“ L$fhy„. gugpâh¡ip¡3@‘uóV$íQ "sõdp“¹ dÃR>fZp¡'[¼ss: &&43&&
EÝh®‘y„X²$prZ d©ÞdyÖp sygku-L$póW$År‘ öL¹$ && Ap âL$pf¡ S>¡“y„ rQÑ âcydp„ r“{Ù ’ey„ lp¡e A“¡ S>¡“p E‘f âcy“u L©$‘p
bpøep„L$pÞepÞsfprZ õey: c¼s¡: ip[Þs-rhf¼se: &&38&& ’C lp¡e s¡“p¡ gugpdp„ âh¡i ’hp¡ ‘Z klS> - Bô R>¡ s¡ hps
EÝh®‘y„X²$ rsgL$, Np¡‘uQÞv“’u A„qL$s L$fpsu “pdpqv“u dyÖpAp¡ A“¡ Np¡h^®“p¡ÙfZ“p kde¡ cNhp“¡ L$l¡gp ""s¡’u lº„ S> Np¡Ly$g“p¡ Apîe Ry>„ ...''
symkuL$p›$’u b“su dpmp A¡ ‘yrôc[¼sdpNu“p bpügnZp¡ R>¡. s¡ S> âdpZ¡ (D‘f dyS>b) BÐepqv hQ“p¡’u rkÙ ’pe R>¡.
ip[Þs s’p rhf[¼s A¡ ‘yrôc[¼sdpN}“p ApÞsf gnZp¡ R>¡.
idp¡ vdõs‘: ip¥Q„ np[ÞsfpS>®hd¡h Q && (Apd sp×iu h¥óZhp¡“u Ap c|sg E‘f [õ’rs AÞe Æhp¡“u dpa$L$ L$pg-L$d®-
vep vp“„ Q rhop“„ îÙp v¥hpÐdkç‘v: &&39&& õhcphp^u“ lp¡su “’u)
v¥hpÐdkç‘v: ‘y„k: c[¼sc®hrs “¥[óW$L$uR>-S>&& “ ‘p‘„ k L$fp¡Ðe¡h âdpv¡ Ðhpiy r“óL©$rs: &&
ApÞsf s’p bpü B[ÞÖep¡ D‘f k„ed, L$ô kl“ L$fhp, ip”ue Aops-õMrgsp“p„ Q lqff¡h ‘fp Nrs: &&44&&
kvpQpf“p A“ykpf ‘rhÓsp fpMhu, ^¥e® A’hp ndpiugsp, kfmsp, vep, Aphp¡ cNhvue c¼s ¼epf¡e ‘p‘L$d® L$fsp¡ “’u. ¼epf¡L$ Aop“’u s¡“phX¡$
vp“, sÒhop“, îÙp BÐepqv NyZp¡ v¥hu Æh“p ÅZhp. Aphp v¥hu NyZhpfp Å¡ L$p¡C r“[Þvs/r“rjÙ ApQfZ ’C Åe sp¡ ‘Z sfsS> s¡“p A‘fp^’u
‘y{j“¡ cNhv¹c[¼s Qp¡¼L$k‘Z¡ ×Y$r“›$phpmu ’pe R>¡. s¡ dy¼s ’C Åe R>¡. s¡’u Aop“’u S>¡“y„ õMg“ ’ey„ lp¡e s¡“u A¡L$ dpÓ Nrs
îulqf S> lp¡e R>¡.
*6
(Ap NyZp¡“¡ L$pfZ¡ c[¼s Äepf¡ khp®Ðdcphp‘Þ“p1 ’pe Ðepf¡ Ap gp¡L$dp„ lqff¹ c¼sp‘fp^¡jy vee¥h âkuvrs &&

11 12
 vp¡j¡jy “ Nrsõsõdps¹ vp¡jp“¹ kç‘qfhS>®e¡s¹ &&45&& ""v¥hu øé¡jp NyZdeu dd dpep vyfÐeep &&
c¼s“p A‘fp^ A’hp vp¡j dp„ ‘Z cNhp“¹ rkhpe buÆ L$p¡C Nrs dpd¡h e¡ â‘ÛÞs¡ dpepd¹ A¡sp„ sf[Þs s¡''&&51&&
“’u. s¡’u vp¡j“p¡ ‘|Z®‘Z¡ ÐepN L$fhp¡ s¡dS> îulqf ‘p¡sp“p‘f vepcph’u Ap NyZdeu dpfu v¥hu dpep L$ô’u Æsu iL$pe s¡hu R>¡. s¡’u S>¡ dpfp
âkÞ“ S> R>¡ s¡hp¡ rhíhpk fpMhp¡. ifZ¡ Aph¡ R>¡ s¡ S> dpfu Ap dpep“¡ sfu iL¡$ R>¡.
Ai|Þep qvhkp epdp: dylŸs®-OqV$L$p-ghp: &&
cNhv¹cS>“¥: L$pep®: k„kpfpk[¼sfÞe’p &&46&& (k©rôL$sp® L¡$hm cNhp“¹ R>¡ s¡’u Ap k©rô$ cNhvp[ÐdL$p R>¡1, Ap k©rôdp„
qvhk, âlf, OX$u sp¡ iy„ ‘fÞsy nZdpÓ ‘Z cNhv¹cS>“ hNf “ fl¡hy„. ‘yrôÆhp¡“¡ cNhp“¡ cS>“p“Þvp“ych Ap‘hpdpV¡$ âL$V$ Lep® R>¡2, s¡’u ‘yrôÆh“¡
nZdpÓ ‘Z cNhv¹cS>“ rh“p fl¡hp’u k„kpfdp„ Apk¼s b“u S>hpe R>¡. cNhv“yN°lp’® r“ep¡rS>s L$fhp s¡ ‘Z A¡L$ Ås“u cNhÐk¡hp S> R>¡3)
¾$uX$p’®d¹ Ak©S>s¹ ‘|h¯ õhpÐd“p õhpÐdL„$ S>Ns¹ &&
(S>¡d îulqf“y„ cS>“, s¡S> âdpZ¡ îulqf“u cph“p fprM“¡ Ny{ A“¡ h¥óZh sÓ L$pechp ‘y[óV$: gugpk©[óV$f¹ A“yÑdp &&52&&
c¼sp¡ âÐe¡ ‘Z “d“, AQ®“ s’p v¥Þe Åmhhp) cNhp“¡ â’d sp¡ ¾$uX$pdpV$¡ ‘p¡sp“phX¡$ õhpÐdL$ A¡V$g¡ L¡$ cNhvpÐdL$
Ny{k¡hp Nyfp¡fpop Nyfp¥ îulqfcph“p && S>Ns¹“¡ âL$V$ L$ey¯. s¡ S>Ns¹dp“p v¥hu Æhp¡“p¡ ‘p¡sp“u L$pep’u âL$V$¡gu
Nyfp¥ ce„ Nyfp¥ rkrÙ: â‘Þ“: ‘qfcphe¡s¹ &&47&& ‘yrôk©rô“u DÑdp¡Ñd gugpdp„ A„$NuL$pf L$ep£.
ifZpNs rióe¡ Ny{“u k¡hp L$fhu, Ny{“u Apop“y„ ‘pg“ L$fhy„, hpdp„i-kçchp“pÞsy cS>“p“Þvgå^e¡ &&
ip”p“ykpfu Ny{“u Apop cNhvpop kdp“S> R>¡ s¡d Ny{dp„ îulqf“u rhk©óV$p“p„ ssp¡@Þe¡jp„ “pÞep kp^“‘Ùrs: &&53&&
cph“p L$fhu, Ny{“p¡ ce ‘Z fpMhp¡, Ny{“u ip”p“ykpfu Apop“p âcy“p hpd A„i’u âL$V$ ’e¡gp Æhp¡ L¡$ S>¡“¡ cS>“p“Þv“y„ vp“ L$fhpdpV$¡
‘pg“dp„ S> rkrÙ R>¡ s¡d ÅZhy„. Ap âdpZ¡ ifZpNs rióe¡ fl¡hy„. âcyA¡ âL$V$ L$ep® R>¡ s¡Ap¡dpV$¡ Ap rkhpe buÅ¡ L$p¡C D‘pe “’u.
c¼sh©Þvp“¹ “d¡v¹ AQ£v¹ ×óV™$p ùóe¡s¹(/lj¯ ) kdp“e¡s¹ && ""eõeped¹ A“yN©øZprs cNhp“¹ ApÐdcprhs: &&
c¼s¡óh¡h„ lqf» kpnps¹ âkpv¡“ ìeh[õ’sd¹ &&48&& k S>lprs dts gp¡L¡$ h¡v¡ Q ‘qfr“[óW$spd¹'' &&54&&
c¼sp¡“¡ âZpd L$f¡, s¡d“p¡ kÐL$pf L$f¡, ‘p¡sp“p Ofdp„ c¼sp¡“¡ ApdÞÓ¡. ApÐdp sfuL¡$ cprhs cNhp“¹ S>¡“p D‘f L©$‘p L$f¡ R>¡ s¡ c¼s gp¡L$ A“¡ h¡v
c¼s“p ùvedp„ cNhp“¹ kvp âkÞ“sp’u rbfpS>¡ R>¡ s¡’u c¼sp¡dp„ cNhp““¡ dp„ AÐeÞs [õ’f ’e¡gu drs“p¡ ‘Z ÐepN L$fu v¡ R>¡.
*8
Sy>A¡. A“yN°l¡ r“ep¡Äep¡@s: k„N°l: îyrskçds: &&
rh“p c¼s-âk„N¡“ kvNyfp¡: L©$‘ep rh“p && dlsp„ kdep¡ dp“„ dlpÞsp¡@Ó lf¡: râep: &&55&&
îucpNhs-ipõÓ¡Z rh“p c[¼s: L$’„ ch¡s¹ &&49&& cNh˜[¼sdp„ drs [õ’f ’pe s¡dpV$¡ gp¡L$-h¡vdp„ Apk¼s v¥hu Æhp¡“¡
c¼sp“p¡ k„N L$ep® rh“p, kv¹Ny{“u L©$‘p rh“p s¡dS> îucpNhs ip”“p cNhp““p A“yN°ldpN® ârs âqfs L$fhp Å¡CA¡. Ap âL$pf“p¡ gp¡L$k„N°l
AÝee“-d““ rh“p îuL©$óZdp„ c[¼s L¡$d ’C iL¡$ ? (‘fp¡‘L$pf) ‘Z h¡vkçds S> R>¡. Ap bpbsdp„ âdpZ dlp‘y{jp¡“p¡ kvpQpf
rh“p Nv¹NvL„$W$¡“ Öhsp Q¡skp rh“p && ‘Z R>¡. cNhp““¡ S>¡ râe R>¡ s¡ S> Mf¡Mf dlp“¹ R>¡.
rh“p “©Ðe¡“ Np“¡“ lqfâurs: L$’„ ch¡s¹ ? &&50&&
Äep„ ky^u âcy“p L$us®“ L$fsp cNh˜phph¡i’u L„$W$ N•qvs “ ’pe, âcy“y„ (îudv¹cpNhs“p ""frsfpkp¡...'' 3&7&18 ígp¡L$d¢ r“êr‘s cS>“p“Þv“u
õdfZ L$fsp cNhÐâ¡d’u l¥ey„ cfpC “ Aph¡, A“¡ “©Ðe-Np“ krls D‘g[å^ dpV$¡ ApÐdkd‘®Zpqv kp^“p¡“y„ r“ê‘Z)1
cNhv¹cS>“ “ ’pe Ðep„ ky^u âcydp„ â¡d L¡$d ’pe ? Ask¹ sv“yfp¡^¡“ "frsfpkp¡' e’p ch¡s¹ &&

13 14
 sv’¯ hfZ„ L$pe¯ *îuNp¡‘pgdlpd“p¡: &&56&& Ah¥óZh“u kp’¡ “ fl¡hy„. Ah¥óZh“p¡ k„kN® ‘Z “ fpMhp¡. ¼epf¡L$ c¡V$p¡
(""eÐk¡hep cNhs: ...frsfpkp¡ ch¡s¹'' ígp¡L$dp„ Ny{k¡hp“¡ c¼Ðey‘ep¡Nu L$lu R>¡) s¡’u ’C ‘Z Åe sp¡ îulqf“y„ Ýep“ ^fhy„.
Ny{“u Apop A“ykpf S>¡d frsfpkê‘ cS>“p“Þv rkÙ ’pe s¡dpV$¡ ... ... ... ... õ“peps¹ L$d®rZ dÞÓs: &&62&&
Np¡‘pgdÞÓ A’hp ‘qfh©Y$pôL$ õsp¡Ó “y„ r“Ðe A“ykÞ^p“ L$fhy„. v¡liyrÙ: kvp L$pep® L$fiyrÙ: rhi¡js: &&
“pedpÐdp âhQ“¥f¹ “ r^ep “ blºîys¥: && õh‘pÓ„ cNhБpÓ„ õ“p“‘pÓ„ “ d¡ge¡s¹ &&63&&
gæes¡ hfZ„ rlÐhp h©s„ k„h©Ïs¡ îys¡: &&57&& L$d®dp„ dÞÓ’u õ“p“ L$fhy„.
Ap ‘fdpÐdp hfZ rh“p “ sp¡ âhQ“’u, “ byrÙ’u L¡$ “ sp¡ blº õ“p“pqvÜpfp v¡l“u iyrÙ L$fhu. s¡ S> âdpZ¡ bÞ“¡ lp’p¡“u iyrÙ ‘Z
kp„cmhp’u âpàs ’C iL¡$ R>¡. hfZ“p¡ Ap r“ed îyrsdp„ ârkÙ R>¡. rhi¡j kph^p“u’u L$fhu. ‘p¡sp“p D‘ep¡Ndp„ Aphsp hpkZp¡, âcyk¡hp“p
õd©Ðhp õhuerhep¡Np[Á“„ sp‘vplp¡ chpçby^p¥ && D‘ep¡Ndp„ Aphsp hpkZp¡ s¡dS> õ“p“pqv“p D‘ep¡Ndp„ Aphsp hpkZp¡“¡
ss: kh¯ kdàe§h îuNp¡‘pgd“y„ îe¡s¹ &&58&& Sy>vp fpMhp, Sy>vp kpa$ L$fhp.
Ap chkpNfdp„ cNhrÜep¡N A[Á“vpl kdp“¹ R>¡. s¡’u (NÛdÞÓp¡¼s A¡h„ hõÓ¡@r‘ rho¡e¡*9 iyÙéiyÙu õhh¥óZh¥: &&
âL$pf¡) cNhrÜep¡N S>Þe A[Á““y„ õdfZ L$fu“¡ s¡ rhep¡Np[Á““u r“h©rÑ“p Np¡‘e¡s¹ õhpNdpQpf„ ‘pL$k¡hp„ lf¡fr‘ &&64&&
dpV$¡ b^y„ âcy“¡ A‘®Z L$fu“¡ îuNp¡‘pgdÞÓ“p¡ Apîe L$fhp¡. L$‘X$p„ bpbs ‘Z s¡ S> âdpZ¡ kdS>hy„. õhdpN}e ÅZL$pf h¥óZhp¡
""Bô„ vÑ„ s‘p¡ S>às„ h©s„ eÃQpÐd“: râed¹ && ‘pk¡’u iyrÙ - AiyrÙ bpbs“u kdS> g¡hu. ‘fç‘fp’u Qpëep Aphsp
vpfp“¹ kysp“¹ N©lp“¹ âpZp“¹ es¹ ‘fõd¥ r“h¡v“d¹''&&59&& õhdpN}e AÞsf„$N ApQpf s’p âcy“u fkp¡C hN¡f¡“u k¡hp“¡ ‘Z buÅ’u
‘p¡sp“y„ b^y Bô A¡V$g¡ L¡$ eo hN¡f¡, A“¡ ‘|s® A¡V$g¡ L¡$ vp“-s‘-S>‘-h©s Nyàs fpMhu.
hN¡f¡ L$dp£“¡ A“¡ ‘p¡sp“p râe A¡hp ”u, ‘yÓ, Of âpZ hN¡f¡“¡ ‘Z
cNhÐk¡hp’£ r“h¡qvs L$f¡. (cNhÐk¡hpdp„ ìehlpe® iyÙ hõsyAp¡“p¡ D‘v¡i)
""Brs cpNhsp“¹ ^dp®“¹ rin“¹ c¼Ðep svyÐ’ep && kp¥hZ§: fpS>s¥k¹ spd°¥: ‘pÓ¥f¹ ìehlf¡s¹ ‘f¥: &&
“pfpeZ‘fp¡ dpepd¹ A„S>õsfrs vyõsfpd¹'' &&60&& ‘pL¡$ õhuep“¹ ksuÕep¯íQ khZp®“¹ k[Þ“ep¡S>e¡s¹ &&65&&
Ap âL$pf¡ cpNhs^d®“¡ ÅZu“¡ s¡“p’u DБޓ ’e¡g c[¼s’u kp¡“p, Qp„vu, Óp„bp “p ‘pÓp¡“¡ L$pddp„ g¡hp. fkp¡C b“phhpdp„ ‘qfhp“p
“pfpeZdp„ ‘fpeZ ’C“¡ c¼s vyõsf dpep“¡ ‘Z TX$‘’u sfu Åe R>¡. gp¡L$p¡ s¡dS> kdp“ Ny{ lp¡e s¡hp kdp“ hZ®“p gp¡L$p¡“¡ k[çdrgs L$fhp.
A¡h„ ep¡Nuíhfp¡¼s¡“ c[¼sdpN£Z ep¡ eS>¡s¹ && kdàe§h iyrQ: ‘|h¯ lfe¡@ÞeÓ ep¡S>e¡s¹ &&
* 10
kA¡hpsuÐe L$rgÅ“¹ vp¡jp“¹ NÃR>¡s¹ ‘f„ ‘vd¹ &&61&& rÜdyM„ iyrQ ‘pÓ„ sy øe„iyL„$ gp¡dS>„ iyrQ &&66&&
Apd (A¡L$pviõL$Þ^dp„ r“êr‘s) ep¡Nuíhfp¡A¡ cpNhsdp„ L$l¡g iyÙ hõsy“¡ kh® â’d âcy“¡ kdr‘®s L$fhu. s¡ ‘R>u AÞe L$pe®dp„
c[¼sdpN®“p A“ykpf S>¡ cNhp“¹“y„ cS>“ L$f¡ R>¡ s¡ L$rgvp¡jp¡“¡ ‘pf L$fu“¡ hp‘fhu. õ“p“-‘p“-ânpg“ Apqv L$pep£dp„ b¡ dp¡Y$phpmp (L$fhp/Tpfu)
DÑd ‘v“¡ âpàs L$f¡ R>¡. hpkZp¡ iyÙ dp“hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. s¡ S> âdpZ¡ h”p¡dp„ E““¡ iyÙ dp“hpdp„
Aph¡ R>¡.
(s¡dp„ c[¼sdpN®dp„ r“rjÙ A¡hu L¡$V$guL$ bpbsp¡“y„ r“ê‘Z) L$p‘p®kdpls„ iyÙ„ “hL$p¥kyçceyL¹$ iyrQ: &&
“ph¥óZh¥: kl hk¡“¹ “ s¥: k„kN®d¹ ApQf¡s¹ && rhâ¥ìe®hùs„ su’®d¹ Apfpd„ Q N©l„ iyrQ: &&67&&
âk„N¡jy lqf» Ýepe¡s¹ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... kysfpD L$p‘X$ ^p¡e¡gy„, “hy„ f„N¡gy„ iyÙ dp“hy„. b°pûZp¡Üpfp D‘ep¡Ndp„

15 16
g¡hpsy„ S>g ‘rhÓ ÅZhy„. s¡ S> âdpZ¡ Apfpd (=bNuQu; Npd blpf Asõs[õd“¹ [õ’sõe¥h e[ÐL„$rQs¹ rkrÙ-kçch: &&72&&
D‘h“dp„ bp„^¡g Arsr’r“hpk) A“¡ Of “¡ iyÙ ÅZhy„. N©lõ’pîd“p rh“p sp¡ r‘s©L$d®, ‘yÓp¡Ð‘rÑ Apqv“p Acphdp„ v¡lepÓp“p
AÞe ^dp£ ‘Z rkÙ ’C iL$sp„ “’u. AÞe Apîd^dp£ Äepf¡ L$pmbm¡ vyóL$f
(cNhÐk¡hpd¢ Å¡ ‘fpeZ lp¢e rs“L$p¢ AÞev¡hpîe sp¡ r“rjÙ lp¡eh¡‘¢ lº AÞe b“u Nep„ R>¡ Ðepf¡ N©lõ’^d®dp„ fl¡gpAp¡“¡ S> L„$CL$ rkrÙ âpàs ’hp“u
v¡h“¹L$p¡ A‘dp“ L$blº “ L$f“p¡. spkp¢ L$lp-L¡$k¡ L$f“p¡ spL$p¡ âL$pf) kçcph“p i¡j fl¡ R>¡.
“pÞev¡h„ h°S>¡v¹ “¥h âk¼sp¥ øe‘dp“e¡s¹ && Apîdp¡ rÜrh^: L$p¥d£ sÓp¡vpku“L$p¡ N©lu &&
su’£jy su’®v¡hp“p„ c|v¡hp“p„ kdQ®“d¹ &&68&& ApÛ¡@r‘ “¥[óW$L$íQpÞÐe¡ h¥óZhp¡@r^L©$sõss: &&73&&
h¥óZh¡ AÞe v¡h“u ‘pk¡ ¼epf¡ ‘Z “ S>hy„. âk„Nhi ¼epf¡L$ AÞe v¡hp¡“p L|$d®‘yfpZdp„ b^p Apîdp¡“y„ îyrsrk٠ܥrhÝe bsphhpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡. s¡dp„
kçdyM S>hpC Åe sp¡ v¡hp¡“y„ A‘dp“ ¼epf¡e “ L$fhy„. su’®dp„ su’®v¡hspAp¡“p¡ â’d b°ûQep®îddp„
s’p ‘yfp¡rls b°pûZp¡“p¡ kÐL$pf L$fhp¡. 1. dfZ‘e®Þs b°ûr“›$ b“u“¡ â’d Apîddp„ S> fl¡hphpmp“¡ "“¥r›$L$-
b°ûQpfu' ÅZhp¡. A“¡
(L$rgeyNdp„ kß¹epk, A[Á“lp¡Ó Apqv sp¡ i¼e “ lp¡hp’u õdpsp®[Á“ ^pfZ L$fhu) 2. rhr^hv¹ h¡vpÝee“ L$fu“¡ N©lõ’pîddp„ S>hp“u BÃR>phpmp“¡ "D‘Ly$hp®Z-
kÞÞepkíQp[Á“lp¡Ó„ Q L$gp¥ “¥h e’prhr^: && b°ûQpfu' ÅZhp¡.
k[ÞvÁ^^d®k¡hpr‘ ¼g¡ipe¥hpë‘d¡^kpd¹ &&69&& N©lõ’ ‘Z 1."Dvpku“' A“¡ 2."kp^L$' Apd b¡ âL$pf“p¡ L$üp¡ R>¡. s¡dp„
L$rgL$pgd¢ sp¡ k„Þepk A“¡ A[Á“lp¡Ó “y„ ip”pop dyS>b ApQfZ L$fhy„ Ly$Vy$çb“p cfZ-‘p¡jZpqvdp„ AV$hpe¡gp¡ N©lõ’ "kp^L$' L$l¡hpe R>¡. A“¡ v¡h-
i¼e “’u. Apd R>sp„ Aë‘byrÙhpmp¡ d“yóe L$s®ìe“u bpbsdp„ kÞv¡lhpmp¡ Frj-r‘sf“p FZp¡“¡ Q|L$hu“¡ Of-^“-‘qfhpf“p¡ ÐepN L$fu“¡ S>¡ A¡L$gp¡ S>
b“u“¡ S>¡d-s¡d L„$CL$ ^d®L$pe® L$f¡ sp¡ s¡hy„ ^dp®QfZ ip”pop dyS>b“y„ “ dp¡nâp[às“u BÃR>p’u rhQfZ L$fsp¡ fl¡ R>¡ s¡“¡ "Dvpku“' L$l¡hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.
lp¡hp’u ¼g¡idp„ S> ‘qfZd¡ R>¡. s¡ S> âdpZ¡ hp“âõ’ ‘Z "sp‘k' A“¡ "kpÞeprkL$' Apd b¡ âL$pf“p¡ lp¡e
kd’®õsy sep¡: Ly$ep®v¹ rhÜp“¹ õdpsp®[Á“^pfZd¹ && R>¡. kß¹epku ‘Z "‘pfd¡r›$L$' A“¡ "rcny' Apd b¡ âL$pf“p¡ lp¡e R>¡.
Þepkpîdps¹ ‘s“¹ dÐe® ApêY$-‘rssp¡@Nrs: &&70&& kh£jpdpîdpZpÞsy Ü¥rhÝe„ îyrsvri®s„ & b°ûQpey®‘Ly$hp®Zp¡ “¥r›$L$p¡ b°ûsБf:&&
s¡’u Aphu rhjd ‘qf[õ’rsdp„ kd’® rhÜp“¹ lp¡e s¡ kß¹epk s¡dS> ep¡@^uÐe rhr^hv¹ h¡vp“¹ N©lõ’pîddph°S>¡v¹ & "D‘Ly$hp®ZL$p¡' o¡ep¡ "“¥r›$L$p¡' dfZp[ÞsL$:&&
"Dvpku“:' "kp^L$'íQ N©lõ’p¡ rÜrh^p¡ ch¡s¹ & Ly$Vy$çbcfZpeÑ: kp^L$p¡@kp¥ N©lu ch¡s¹ &&
A[Á“lp¡Ó “p õ’p“¡ õdps® A[Á““¡ ^pfZ L$f¡. L$pfZL¡$ rh“p Ar^L$pf¡ S>¡
FZpr“ ÓuÎe‘pL©$Ðe Ðe¼Ðhp cpep®^“pqvL$d¹ & A¡L$pL$u eõsy rhQf¡v¹ "Dvpku“:' k dp¥rnL$: &&
kß¹epk Apîd“u vunp õhuL$pf¡ R>¡ s¡ L$p¡C ‘Z a$m“¡ âpàs L$ep® rh“p s‘õsàers ep¡@fÎe¡ eS>¡v¹ v¡hp“¹ Sy>lp¡rs Q & õhpÝepe¡ Q¥h r“fsp¡ h“õ’: "sp‘kp¡' ds:&&
ApêY$‘rss ’pe R>¡. s‘kp L$rj®sp¡@Ðe’¯ eõsy Ýep“‘fp¡ ch¡s¹ & "kp„ÞeprkL$:' k rho¡ep¡ hp“âõ’pîd¡ [õ’s:&&
eÛàe¡h„ rl Npl®õÕe„ hZ®-^d£Z vyóL$fd¹ && ep¡Npæepkfsp¡ r“Ðed¹ Ap{{nyrS®>s¡[ÞÖe:& op“pe hÑ®s¡ rcny: âp¡Ães¡ "‘pfd¡r›$L$:'&&
s’pàepeps-‘rss„ sv¹ rbc©epv¹ v¡lepÓep &&71&& eõÐhpÐdfrsf¡h õep“¹ r“Ðes©àsp¡ dlpdyr“:& kçeÁvi®“kç‘Þ“: k ep¡Nu "rcny'{Ães¡''&&
Ap âL$pf¡ N©lõ’pîddp„ flu“¡ S>¡ õdpsp®[Á““¡ ^pfZ L$f¡ R>¡ s¡“pdpV$¡ ‘Z ( L|$d®‘yfp. 2&76-84 )
Å¡ L¡$ hZp®îd^d®“p A“ykpf N©lõ’pîd L$qW$“S> R>¡ R>sp„e L¡$dL¡$ s¡
A“pepkS> N©lõ’pîddp„ Aphu ‘X$ép¡ R>¡ s¡’u e’pi[¼s v¡lepÓp“u kp’¡ ( rÜS>¡sf ‘yrôdpN}Ap¡“p L$s®ìe“p¡ r“v£i )
N©lõ’pîd“p¡ r“hp®l L$fhp“p¡ âeГ L$f¡. i|Öõsy tlö-L$pe£Z r“rjÙõepi“¡“ Q &&
“ Npl®õÕe„ rh“p v¡l-epÓp-^dp£@r‘ rkÝers && r“h©Ñp¡@kp¥ cS>¡s¹ L©$óZ„ dlv¹rcf¹ A“yL$[ç‘s: &&74&&

17 18
 rÜS>¡sf gp¡L$p¡ S>¡dp„ Æhtlkp lp¡e s¡hu ApÆrhL$p, L$pe® hN¡f¡ “p¡ s’p s¡jpd¡h s’pÐh¡sy ‘qfQep® kd[Þvfps¹ &&
r“rjÙ cp¡S>““p¡ ÐepN L$fu“¡; Äe¡›$ h¥óZhp¡“u L©$‘p d¡mhu“¡ L©$óZ“u k¡hp lf¡Ny®fp¡: kçchrs øeõhsÞÓp: [õÓep¡ es: &&80&&
L$f.¡ (OÏ„ L$fu“¡ ”uS>“p¡ L¡$dL¡$ ‘p¡sp“u BÃR>p“ykpf L$pe® L$fhpdp„ kd’® lp¡sp “’u s¡’u Å¡ ‘rs-
k rls„ lqfc¼sp“p„ b°pûZp“p„ Qf¡v¹ Nhpd¹ && ‘yÓpqv s’p bÞ^yS>“p¡ A“yLy$m lp¡e sp¡ S> s¡d“u kp’¡ lmu-dmu“¡ Ofdp„ îuL©$óZ“u e’pep¡Áe
‘pvk¡hp Q dlsp„ ev¹h©Ðep syóes¡ lqf: &&75&& k¡hp-‘qfQep® L$fhu s¡d“pdpV$¡ kçch b“su lp¡e R>¡.) Å¡ Apd i¼e “ lp¡e sp¡
rÜS>¡sf gp¡L$p¡A¡ cNhv¹c¼s, b°pûZ A“¡ Npep¡ “y„ rls ’pe s¡hp L$pep£ dep®vpdpN® A“ykpf L$p¡C v¡hpgedp„ rbfpS>sp cNhÐõhê‘“u AQ®“p’u
L$fhp. cNhp“¡ Nuspdp„ rÜS>¡sf gp¡L$p¡“y„ L$pe® rÜÅ¡“u ‘qfQep® bspìey„ R>¡ s¡’u A’hp ‘yrôdpN}e Ny{“u ‘qfQep® L$fhp’u ‘Z ”uS>“p¡“¡ cNhÐk¡hp“p¡
s¡ âdpZ¡ L$fhy„. Apd õh^dp®QfZdp„ ‘fpeZ fl¡hp’u cNhp“¹ lqf Ahíe ‘fp¡n gpc dmu iL¡$ R>¡.
âkÞ“ ’pe R>¡. õhsÞÓspep„ vp¡jp¡ rl õÓuZp„ kh®Ó Åes¡ &&
vp“„ h°s„ ‘¥s©L„$ Q ip¥Q„ ip[Þsd¹ A’pîe¡s¹ && Asõsep s’p c|Ðhp lqf: k¡ìeõsqvÃR>ep &&81&&
lqfd¡h cS>¡s¹ â¡çZp s¡“ rkÝers kÐhfd¹ &&76&& ‘rs-‘yÓpqv A“yLy$m “ lp¡e s¡d R>sp„ Å¡ ”uS>“ s¡d“u BÃR>p’u rh{Ù
vp“, h°s, îpÙ-s‘®Zpqv r‘s©L$pe® Ahíe L$fhp. ip”p“ykpf iyrÙ- ApQfZ L$f¡ sp¡ s¡Ap¡ gp¡L$dp„ kh®Ó r“Þvp“¡ ‘pÓ b“sp lp¡e R>¡. Ap’u s¡Ap¡
‘rhÓsp A“¡ e’pgpc-kÞsp¡jê‘u i[Þs fpMhu. Apd L$fsp„ â¡d-c[¼s’u S>¡“p Aprîs lp¡e s¡“¡ ârsLy$m ’ep rh“p, âcy“u A¡hu S> BÃR>p li¡ A¡hu
îuL©$óZ“u S> k¡hp L$fhp’u iuO° rkrÙ âpàs ’pe R>¡. cph“p’u ^¥e® ^pfZ L$fu“¡ âcy“y„ ApÞsf cS>“ L$f¡. Ap kp’¡ D‘gå^ lp¡e
“ h¡vîhZ„ L$pe¯ õ‘^p®k|epqv“pÞes: && sp¡ cNhÐk¡hp‘fpeZ cNhvue h¥óZh“u ‘qfQep®Üpfp ‘fp¡n cNhv¹cS>“
ÞeÁcph¡“ â‘Þ“p¡@kp¥ ch¡v¹ vpkp¡ lf¡Ny®fp¡: &&77&& ‘Z L$f¡.
rÜS>¡sf gp¡L$p¡A¡ AÞehZ®“p gp¡L$p¡ âÐe¡ õ‘^p® L¡$ Cóep® cph’u, rQÓdpÓ¡@r‘ k¡hp õeps¹ ârsbÞ^¡ Nyfp¡rN®fp &&
ip”¡ S>¡dp„ s¡Ap¡“p¡ Ar^L$pf dpÞe “’u L$ep£ s¡hp, h¡v“y„ îhZ Apqv L$ep£ “ R>g¡“pr‘ cS>“¹ L©$óZ„ dyÃes¡ Np¡r‘L$pqvhs¹ &&82&&
L$fhp. vu“ cph¡ ifZpNs ’C“¡ lqf-Ny{“p vpk b“u“¡ fl¡hy„. ârsbÞ^ lp¡e sp¡ (A’hp rigp-^psy’u r“rd®s cNhÐõhê‘“u k¡hp L$fu
kL$hp“u A“yLy$msp “ lp¡e sp¡) Ny{“u Apop gC“¡ îuL©$óZ“p rQÓõhê‘“u
([õÓAp¡ dpV$¡ cNhÐk¡hp“u furs“y„ r“ê‘Z) ‘Z k¡hp L$fu iL$pe R>¡. L©$óZphspfdp„ L$d®L$p„X$u b°pûZp¡“u Apop rh“p s¡dS>
k^hp cs©®cph¡“ rh^hp ‘yÓcphs: && s¡Ap¡“p rhfp¡^ L$fhp R>sp„ âcydpV$¡ eo“u kpdN°u Apfp¡Nphhp Ne¡g
îuL©$óZ„ k„îe¡s¹ kpÝhu rS>srQÑ¡[ÞÖep iyrQ: &&78&& b°pûZ‘[ГAp¡“p¡ DÙpf S>¡d âcyA¡ L$ep£ lsp¡ s¡d hs®dp“dp„ ‘Z Äe¡›$
rQÑ A“¡ B[ÞÖe ‘f k„ed, ‘rhÓ ApQfZ s¡dS> kp^yõhcph hpmu ‘qfS>“p¡“u Apop rh“p ‘Z cNhÐk¡hp L$fhp’u âcy DÙpf L$f¡ S> R>¡.
kp¥cpÁehsu ”u ‘rscph’u A“¡ rh^hp ”u ‘yÓcph’u îuL©$óZ“p¡ Apîe ‘y{jp‘¡nep õÓuZp„ ùve„ d©vy ×íes¡ &&
L$f.¡ Asõsv“yfpNp¡@Ó kÛ A¡hprcjÄes¡ &&83&&
‘rs-‘yÓpqv-bÞ^|“pd¹ Ap“yL|$ëe¡@õe k¡h“d¹ && ‘y{jp¡“u kfMpdZudp„ ”uS>“p¡“y„ ùve L$p¡dm lp¡e R>¡. s¡’u âcydp„
svcph¡ cS>¡v¹ c¼Ðep L$us®“¥: îhZ¥: õd©s¥: &&79&& s¡Ap¡“p¡ A“yfpN ‘y{jp¡ L$fsp„ TX$‘’u ’C S>sp¡ lp¡e R>¡.
‘qfhpf“p ‘rs-‘yÓpqv ‘qfS>“p¡ s’p bÞ^yS>“p¡ Å¡ ‘p¡sp“¡ A“yLy$m lp¡e L$pdvp¡jp¡ rl “pfuZp„ L$“L$p“p„ e’p fS>: &&
sp¡ îuL©$óZ“u õhN©ldp„ k¡hp L$fhu. Å¡ s¡Ap¡ A“yLy$m “ lp¡e sp¡ c[¼scph’u sÄS>e¡ rhrS>s: L©$óZ: L©$óZ: õÓuZp„ râep¡ es: &&84&&
âcy“p îhZ-L$us®“-õdfZ L$fhp. kp¡“p“p¡ vp¡j S>¡d fS> lp¡e R>¡ s¡d ”uAp¡dp„ vp¡j "L$pd' lp¡e R>¡. ‘yrôc[¼s

19 20
sp¡ L¡$dL¡$ r“Ny®Z lp¡e R>¡ s¡’u L$pdcph D‘f Å¡ rhS>e d¡mh¡ sp¡ ”uS>“p¡ lp¡CA¡ R>uA¡ s¡d Ap‘Zp k¡ìeõhê‘“u ‘Z iyrÙ ‘ÊQpd©sõ“p“, lp¡d,
TX$‘’u âcy“¡ õhp^u“ L$fu iL¡$ R>¡. îuL©$óZ sp¡ Apd ‘Z ”uS>“p¡“¡ râe lp¡e vp“ s’p h¥qvL$ L$d® Apqv’u L$fhu.
S> R>¡. Ny{vÑp„ õhe„gå^p„ c¼s¥fr‘ ky‘|rS>spd¹ &&
DvL$u Q âk|sp õÓu AiyrQíQ s’p ‘ydp“¹ && ìe„$Np„$Nudr‘ k¡h¡s eqv cphp¡ “ bpÝes¡ 5&&90&&
vi®“-õ‘i®“pvur“ k¡ìed|s£f¹ rhhS>®e¡s¹ &&85&& Ny{A¡ ‘^fphu Ap‘¡gu, ‘p¡sp“¡S> ¼ep„L$’u âpàs ’e¡gu A’hp ‘|h£ AÞe
fS>õhgp s’p âk|sp ”u s’p k|sL$u s¡dS> A‘rhÓ Ahõ’phpmp ”u- L$p¡C cNhvue¡ S>¡“u k¡hp L$fu lp¡e s¡hu cNhÞd|rs®“u k¡hp L$fu iL$pe. s¡ S>
‘y{jp¡A¡ k¡ìe âcyõhê‘“p vi®“-õ‘i® Apqv “ L$fhp. âdpZ¡ Å¡ ‘p¡sp“p¡ cph bpr^s ’sp¡ “ lp¡e sp¡ M„qX$s ’C NC lp¡e s¡hu
‘Z cNhÞd|rs®“u k¡hp ‘yrôc[¼skçâvpedp„ L$fu iL$pe R>¡.
(k¡ìe cNhÐõhê‘L¡$ âL$pf1 k¡hpL$p¡ âL$pf2 õhê‘ârsóW$pL$p¡ âL$pf3 õhê‘L$u iyrÙL$p¡
âL$pf4 õhê‘ L$lp„s¡ âpàs L$f“p¡ spL$p¡ âL$pf5 BÐepqv rhjeL$ D‘v¡i)
(r“Ðek¡hp“p ¾$d1-11“p¡ D‘v¡i)
rQÓd|rs®frhop“p„ ‘fp^u“pÐd“pdr‘ &&
(1. D‘¾$d)
iyrQígÿZpd‘uÃep„ Q Ny{vÑp„ cS>¡v¹ hf¥:1 &&86&&
âpsfpfæe dÝepø“phr^: Q¥hp‘fpøZL¡$ &&
su’®sp¡e¥f¹ r“S>¥f¹ dÞÓ¥: k„õL©$sp„ kyd“p¡lfpd¹ &&
ss¹-sëgugp“ycph¡“ cS>¡s¹ õh-Ny{-kçdspd¹ &&91&&
gÂhud¡h cS>¡v¹ d|qs¯ e’pgå^p¡‘QpfL¥$:2&&87&&
âps:L$pg’u Apfçc L$fu“¡ dÝepŒ ‘e®Þs A“¡ s¡ S> âdpZ¡ kpe„L$pgdp„
Ny{ ‘pk¡’u âpàs ’e¡g ‘rhÓ, kyLy$dpf A“¡ Ars kyÞvf cNhÐõhê‘“u
‘Z sÑÐL$pg“p A“yê‘ âcy“u gugpAp¡“u cph“p L$fsp-L$fsp ‘p¡sp“p
k¡hp L$fhu. îuedy“pÆ S>¡hp î¡›$ su’®S>g’u, kçâvpe‘fç‘fp’u âpàs ’e¡g
Ny{“u kçdrs lp¡e A¡hp cNhÐõhê‘“u k¡hp L$fhu.
r“S>dÞÓ’u S>¡“p¡ k„õL$pf L$f¡gp¡ lp¡e s¡hp kyÞvf d“p¡lf blº dp¡V$p “l] A¡hp
hõÓ¥íQ c|jZ¥f¹ NÞ^¥: “¥h¡Û¥f¹ ìe„S>“¥: iyc¥: &&
cNhÐõhê‘“u k¡hp klS>sp’u D‘gå^ hõsyAp¡’u L$fhu. S>¡Ap¡“¡ k¡hprhr^
v¡i-L$pg-rhc|su“pd¹ A“ykpf¡Z k¡h“d¹ &&92&&
hN¡f¡“y„ ‘|Z® op“ “ lp¡e A“¡/A’hp ‘fp^u“ lp¡hp“¡ L$pfZ¡ AÞe
v¡i, L$pm s¡dS> Öìe kçbÞ^u ‘p¡sp“u i[¼s A“ykpf âpàs ’e¡g DÑd
cNhÐõhê‘“u k¡hp L$fhp“u S>¡“¡ A“yLy$msp “ lp¡e s¡Ap¡A¡ rQÓõhê‘“u
h”, Apc|jZ, AÑf-QÞv“-L¡$if-NygbS>g Apqv kyN[Þ^s ‘vp’p£ s¡dS>
k¡hp L$fhuS> ep¡Áe R>¡.
rhrh^ âL$pf“u Apfp¡Nphhp“u kpdN°uAp¡ ’u îuL©$óZ“u k¡hp L$f¡.
“pÓ âpZârsóW$pqv ìep‘L$ÐhpvÆhs: &&
â¡çZp ‘qfQf¡s¹ kp^y: ephÄÆh„ kdprls: &&
õ’p“-iyÙé’®d¡h¥ss¹ iåvp’®dr‘ kv¹Nyfp¡:3 &&88&&
s¡“põe cph“p-rkrÙ: eep õeps¹ L©$s-L©$Ðesp &&93&&
‘fb°û îuL©$óZ sp¡ kh®ìep‘L$ lp¡hp’u s¡dS> d“yóe-v¡hsp“u S>¡d âpL©$s
kБy{j¡ Æh“‘e®Þs A¡L$r“›$ b“u“¡ âd¡’u îuL©$óZ“u k¡hp L$fhu. Apd
“ lp¡hp’u îuL©$óZ“p k¡ìeõhê‘dp„ âpZ‘rs›$p hN¡f¡ ip”ue rhr^ L$fhp“u
L$fhp’u c[¼scph ×Y$ ’pe R>¡. c[¼s ×Y$ ’hp’u c¼s L©$sL©$Ðe b“¡ R>¡.
‘yrôc[¼skçâvpedp„ AphíeL$sp “’u d“pC. ‘|h®ígp¡L$dp„ L$l¡hpe¡gp k„õL$pfp¡ (2.âps:L$pmdp„ ÅÁep ‘R>u cNhÐõdfZ1 õ“p“2 ip¥Q3 ApQd“4 hN¡f¡“p r“ed)
sp¡ (S>¡ rigp-^psy-L$p›$ hN¡f¡’u d|rs®“y„ r“dp®Z ’ey„ lp¡e s¡) õ’p““u iyrÙdpV$¡ s¡dS> âps: ‘píQpÐeepd¡@kp¥ kdyÐ’pe iyrQr^®ep &&
Ny{“u Apop âpàs L$fhpdpV$¡ lp¡e R>¡. õdf¡v¹ cNhsp¡ gugp„ Npe¡s¹ sõe NyZp“¹ rNfp &&94&&
AiyrQõ‘i®“¡ sõep: s’p ‘„Qpd©s¥fr‘ && k|ep£ve’u A¡L$ âlf ‘l¡gp„ ÅNu“¡ iyÙ ’C“¡ byrÙ‘|h®L$ cNhp““u
lp¡d¥f¹ v$p“¡“ k„ip¡Ýep h¥qvL¡$“ r“ÅÐdhs¹4&&89&& gugp“y„ õdfZ L$f¡ A“¡ hpZu’u cNhp““p NyZp¡“y„ Np“ L$f¡.
Å¡ ¼epf¡L$ k¡ìe cNhÐõhê‘“¡ A‘rhÓ“p¡ õ‘i® ’C Åe A’hp L$p¡C âps: L©$Ðe„ ss: L$pe¯ brlN®Ðhp e’p¡qvsd¹ &&
Ah¥óZh s¡“p vi®“ L$fu Åe sp¡ S>¡d õ“p“pqv’u Ap‘Z¡ ‘p¡sp“u iyrÙ L$fsp
21 22
 dyMiyrÙõssp¡ r“Ðe„ kp¥N„^pæe„S>“„ ch¡s¹ &&95&& ârhíe dpS>®“¥g£‘¥: ‘pÓpZp„ ip¡^“„ Qf¡s¹ &&101&&
s¡ ‘R>u Of’u blpf S>C“¡ dgp¡ÐkNp®qv v¡lL©$Ðe L$fhy„. dyMiyrÙ L$fhu. s¡ ‘qfhpfS>“p¡“u kp’¡ lmu-dmu“¡ âcy“u k¡hp-‘qfQep® L$fhu. ‘N¡
‘R>u kyNÞ^u s¡g’u ifuf“u dprgi L$fhu. Qpgu“¡ âcy“p rbfpS>hp“p õ’p“dp„ S>hy„. cNhÞd[Þvf“p Üpf¡ õsyrs-
dgõ“p“„ N©l¡ L$pe¯ sàsp¡vL-$‘fp¡vL¥$: && âZpd L$fu“¡ d[Þvf“u A„vf âh¡ihy„. kp¡“p-Qp„vu“p ‘pÓp¡“¡ dp„Æ“¡ A“¡
sõep¡‘qf îuedy“pS>g¥: õ“p“„ õsh¥íQ hp &96&& dpV$u“p ‘pÓp¡“¡ g]‘u“¡ iyÙ L$fhp.
su’®õ’p“¡ dgõ“p“„ L©$Ðhp suf¡@rcdÄS>“d¹ && (5. cNhÐâbp¡^“)
Ofdp„ dgõ“p“ lº„a$pmp ‘pZu’u A’hp ‘fp¡vL$’u L$fhy„. dgõ“p“ L$ep® kçc©Ðe kh®kçcpf„ âpsfpipqv‘|h®L$d¹ &&
bpv Å¡ D‘gå^ lp¡e sp¡ îuedy“pS>g’u A“¡ Å¡ “ lp¡e sp¡ kpdpÞe âbp¡Ýe îulqf» â¡çZp dyMiyÙé„iyL$pqvrc: &&102&&
S>g’uS> õ“p“dÞÓ“p DÃQpf ‘|h®L$ õ“p“ L$fhy„. A“¡ su’®dp„ õ“p“ sp¡ Ag„L©$Ðe ss: tklpk“¡ kdy‘h¡ie¡s¹ &&
dgõ“p“ L$ep® ‘R>uS> L$fhy„. d„Ngcp¡N, S>g‘p““u Tpfu hN¡f¡ b^u hõsyAp¡ ‘l¡g¡’uS> kpÆ“¡
(3. õ“p“ Lep® ‘R>u hõÓ^pfZ L$fhp“u1, Of¡ ‘pR>p Aphhp“u2, rsgL$-R>p‘p fpMhu. s¡ ‘R>u âcy“¡ â¡d’u S>Nphhp. ApQd“-dyMh” L$fphu“¡
^pfZ L$fhp“u3, cNhÃQfZpd©s g¡hp“$u4, sygkudpmp ^pfZ L$fhp“u5, âps:kÞÝep-S>‘“u Aõsìeõs ’e¡gp Apc|jZp¡“¡ ìeh[õ’s L$fu“¡ âcy“¡ tklpk“ D‘f
furs6) ‘^fphhp.
ssõsy ^pfZ„ iyÙ-L$p¥i¡epçbf-eyÁdep¡:1 &&97&& (d„Ngcp¡N, Apfsu, õ“p“, i©„Npf “u rhr^)
‘pvyL$prcf¹ N©l¡ ep“„ õ‘i®“„ “¥h L$õerQs¹2 && l¥e„Nhu“‘¼hpÞ“¥: spçb|g¥: kyS>g¥e®S>¡s¹ &&103&&
s¡ ‘R>u iyÙ f¡idu h” ^pfZ L$fu“¡, ‘Ndp„ ‘pvyL$p ‘l¡fu“¡ Of¡ Aphhy„. ssp¡ “ufpS>“„ L$pe¯ d„$Ng„ NushpÛL¥$: &&
Of¡ Aphsp„ hÃQ L$p¡C“p¡ ‘Z õ‘i® “ L$fhp¡. d„Ngcp¡Ndp„ spSy>„ dpMZ, W$p¡f-dW$mu hN¡f¡ ‘¼hpÞ“ s’p kyd^yf spSy>„
Ly$„Ly$dõep¡Ýh®‘y„X²$prZ Üpvip„N¡jy “pdrc: &&98&& S>g kd‘®hy„. s¡ ‘R>u cp¡N kfphu“¡ buX$p„ kd‘®hp. kdep“yê‘ hpÛ krls
i„M-Q¾$pqv-dyÖpíQ Np¡‘u-QÞv“-d©Ðõ“ep 3 && d„Ngp“p L$us®“ L$fhp. d„$Ng Apfsu L$fhu.
bpf¡ A„Np¡ D‘f cNhÞ“pd“p DÃQpfZ ‘|h®L$ âkpvu L„$Lº$’u EÝh®‘y„X²$ Aæe„Np¡Þdv®“¥: õ“p“„ N©lõ“p“rh^p“s: &&104&&
rsgL$ L$fhp. Np¡‘uQÞv““u dpV$u’u i„M-Q¾$ hN¡f¡ kpçâvpreL$ dyÖpAp¡ ‘Z õsyÐhp L$rgÞvÅ„ õ“ps¡ Ly$ep®s¹ kçâp¢R>“p„iyL$d¹ &&
A„qL$s L$fhu. Apd L$fhp’u B[ÞÖep¡“u cNhÐk¡hpep¡Áe ApÝep[ÐdL$ iyrÙ kyN[Þ^s s¡g-Ap„bmp-QÞv“-L¡$if Apqv kd‘}“¡, Ofdp„ õ“p“
’pe R>¡. L$fhp“p ip”ue rh^p“’u, îuedy“pÆ“u õsyrs L$fu“¡ âcy“¡ õ“p“ L$fphhy„. s¡
QfZpd©s‘p“„ Q g¡‘íQpr‘ rhiyÙe¡4 &&99&& ‘R>u Ars L$p¡dm k|sfpD h”’u îuAP¹$N“¡ ‘p¢R>hy„.
ssõsy sygkudpgp„ ^©Ðhp5 kÞÝep„ kdpQf¡s¹6 && (i©„Npf ^fphhp, buX$p„ ^fhp, Apfku v¡MpX$hu, Fsy-L$pgp“ykpf kÅhV$ ^fhu,
s¡ ‘R>u âcy“p QfZpd©s-S>g“y„ ‘p“ A“¡ ifuf D‘f g¡‘-R>„V$L$ph ‘R>u Npsp„-hNpX$sp„ v|‘-vu‘-Apfsu L$fsu hMs¡ Å¡ ‘qfhpfS>“p¡ Å¡ c¼s lp¡e sp¡ s¡d“¡
L$fhp¡. s¡ ‘R>u sygku“u dpmp-L„$W$u ^pfZ L$fu“¡ kÞÝep-S>‘ hN¡f¡ L$fhp. vi®“ L$fphhp lp¡e sp¡ L$fphhp )
(sygkudpmp ^pfZ L$fhp bpbs ip”dp„ bÞ“¡ ‘fç‘fp Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡ 1. r“Ðe A“¡ 2. k¡hp„N. ) i©„Npf„ f„rS>s¥f¹ hõÓ¥: rQÓ¥fpcfZ¥fr‘ &&105&&
(4. cNhÐk¡hpfçcrhr^) dpe|fdyLy$V$¥ fçe¥: h¡Ïh¡Ó¥: kydpëeL¥$: &&
‘qfQep® lf¡: L$pep® ‘qfhpfS>“¥: kl &&100&& rhsp“¥: âkf¥: iyc°¥: ârskpf¥“®h¥“®h¥: &&106&&
NÐhp lqf‘v„ ‘v¹æep„ õsyÐhp Üpf„ âZçe Q && S>g-¾$uX$p¡‘õL$f¥íQ spçbygpdp¡v-v‘®Z¥: &&

23 24
 ìeS>“¥f¹ S>gc©„Npf¥: v¡iL$pgp“ykpqfrc: &&107&& ùqv L©$Ðhp r‘^pepõe d[Þvf„ brlfph°S>¡s¹ &&
Ag„L©$Ðe¥h kâ¡d õhuep“¹ c¼sp“¹ âvi®e¡s¹ && öN¹-NÞ^pqv rifp¡-^©Ðhp âZçe¥h N©l„ h°S>¡s¹ &&114&&
sp¥e®rÓL¡$“ sÓpr‘ ^|‘-vu‘pqv“prs®L$d¹ &&108&& dpÝeprŒL„$ kdpàe¥h îudv¹cpNhs„ ‘W$¡s¹ &&
s¡ ‘R>u Fsy-L$pg“p A“ykpf f„Nu“ h”, rhrh^ ApcfZ, kyÞvf s¡ ‘R>u fpÅr^fpS> âcy“¡ v‘®Z v¡MpX$hy„, Qpdf L$fhu, âcy“u ApNm
dp¡f‘„M“y„ dyLy$V$, b„ku-R>X$u, kyÞvf dpgp A“¡ “hu“-“hu“ Apc|jZ ’u “©Ðe-hpÛ krls L$us®““y„ Np“ L$fhy„. dÝepŒ Apfsu L$fu“¡ âcy“¡ âZpd
âcy“p i©„Npf L$fhp. DÄhg QÞvp¡hp, rbR>p¡“p, r‘R>hpC A“¡ S>g¾$uX$p“u L$fhp. cph“p’u âcy“¡ ùvedp„ ‘^fphu“¡ cNhÞd[Þvf“p Üpfp¡“¡ dP¹$Ng
hõsy hN¡f¡ kÅhhu. s¡ ‘R>u “©Ðe-Nus-hpÛ krls ^|‘-vu‘-Apfsu L$fsu L$fu“¡ blpf Aphhy„. cNhÐâkpvu dpgp-buX$p„-QÞv“ hN¡f¡“¡ Apvf ‘|h®L$
hMs¡ Å¡ r“S>S>“ c¼s lpS>f lp¡e sp¡ s¡Ap¡“¡ vi®“ L$fphhp lp¡e sp¡ L$fphhp. dp’¡ QY$phu“¡ Üpf“¡ âZpd L$fu“¡ ( ‘p¡sp“p S> Of‘qfkfdp„ [õ’s
(6. cp¡N kd‘®Z, AhrióV$ kÞÝepS>‘pqv ) cNÞd[Þvf’u Sy>vp ‘p¡sp“p ) r“hpkõ’p“dp„ S>hy„. dÝepŒL$pgu“ L$d®“¡ ‘|Z®
ssp¡ “p“prh^¥: iyÙ¥íQsyrh®^-kycp¡S>“¥: && L$fu“¡ îudv¹cpNhs hp„Qhy„.
kçc©s„ õhZ®‘pÓÞsy lf¡fN°¡ r“h¡ve¡s¹ &&109&& ( 8. dlpâkpv gu^p ‘R>u L$fhp“p L$pep£ )
s¡ ‘R>u rhrh^ âL$pf“p g¡ü, Qp¡óe, ‘¡e s¡dS> MpÛ A¡d Qpf¡ âL$pf“p ssp¡ c¼sS>“¡æep¡@õe âkpv„ i[¼ssp¡ cS>¡s¹ &&115&&
iyÙ õhpqvô cp¡S>“’u ‘|Z® kp¡“p“p ‘pÓp¡“¡ îulqf“u kçdyM ‘^fphhp. kdpNs¡æep¡ rhâ¡æep¡ vu“¡æeíQ e’pe’d¹ &&
sygk] i„M-sp¡e¡“ NpeÐep[õd“¹ r“^pe Q && vÐhp õhue-S>“¥cy®[¼s: h¥íhv¡hp¡@r‘ sÓ h¥ &&116&&
""A¡ss¹ kdr‘®s„ v¡h c¼Ðep d¡ ârsN©üspd¹'' &&110&& s¡ ‘R>u Of¡ Aph¡gp c¼sS>“p¡“¡ âcy“p¡ dlpâkpv i[¼s A“ykpf
fpS>cp¡N„ kdàe§h„, brlNp£N°pkd¹ ApQf¡s¹ && Ap‘hp¡. s¡ S> âdpZ¡ AæepNs b°pûZ s¡dS> Nfub S>“p¡“¡ ‘Z e’pep¡Áe
ssp¡@hriô„ Åàepqv dpÝeprŒL$d¹ BlpQf¡s¹ &&111&& dlpâkpv-vp“-vrnZp Ap‘hp. h¥íhv¡h ‘Z dlpâkpv’u L$fhp¡. s¡ ‘R>u
s¡ ‘R>u NpeÓu dÞÓ“p DÃQpf ‘|h®L$ i„M“p S>g’u cp¡N“p ‘pÓp¡dp„ ‘qfhpfS>“p¡“u kp’¡ âcy“p¡ dlpâkpv g¡hp¡.
sygku ‘^fphu“¡ rho[às L$fhu : ""l¡ v¡h ! dpfpÜpfp c[¼scph’u kdr‘®s ssp¡ hpsp¯ õhL$uep“p„ blº-‘p‘¥f“pLy$gpd¹ &&
Ap cp¡N-kpdN°u“p¡ õhuL$pf L$fp¡''. Ap âdpZ¡ fpS>cp¡N kd‘}“¡ epÓp’®d¡h k¡h¡s “prch¡ip¡@Ó kÊQf¡s¹ &&117&&
(îu“ÞvfpeÆ-îueip¡vpÆ îuL©$óZ“¡ cp¡S>“ L$fhhp’u ‘l¡gp„ c|seo“p ip”ue rh^p“ A“ykpf kç‘Þ“-h©rÑ: c¼sp“p„ ipõÓprZ ‘qfcphe¡s¹ &&
Np¡N°pk Ap‘¡ R>¡ s¡ cph’u ) blpf Np¡N°pk Ap‘hp¡. s¡ ‘R>u r“edp“ykpf L$fhp“p kh®’p h©Ðecph¡sy epddpÓ„ cS>¡v¹ lqfd¹ &&118&&
bpL$u flu Ne¡gp S>‘ hN¡f¡ L$fhp. vqfÖíQ Ly$Vy$çbps®: rhÜp“¹ cpNhs„ ‘W$¡s¹ &&
( 7. fpS>cp¡N Apfsu A“¡ k¡hp“hkf“p L$pep£ ) ArhÜp“õe k¡hpep„ kplpèe„ îhZ„ Q hp &&119&&
ssõÐhpQd“„ vÐhp spçb|g„ dpëeÅ„ öS>d¹ && s¡ ‘R>u blº ‘p‘’u rQÑ ìepLy$m “ b“¡ A¡hu Æh“ìehlpf“¡
A‘kpe® rhip¡ÝepÓ “¥h¡Û„ S>gdp“e¡s¹ &&112&& Qgphhpdp„ D‘ep¡Nu s¡dS> Ar“hpe® lp¡e s¡hu ‘qfhpfS>“ kçb[Þ^ hps-
s¡ ‘R>u kde ’e¡ âcy“¡ ApQd“ L$fphu“¡ buX$p„, ‘yó‘dpgp-‘yó‘NyÃR> Qus L$fhu. s¡dp„ ‘Z, ‘fÞsy, d““p¡ Arcr“h¡i / gNph “ fpMhp¡.
kd‘®hp. cp¡N kdàep® lp¡e s¡ kh£ kfphu“¡ s¡ õ’p““¡ iyÙ L$fhy„. âcy“¡ ^“kç‘ß c¼sp¡A¡ k¡hp“p A“hkfdp„ ip”“y„ AhNpl“ L$fhy„. ^“kç‘ß “
Apfp¡Nhp“p S>g“u Tpfu ‘^fphhu. lp¡e sp¡ A¡L$ kde âcy“u k¡hp L$fu“¡ bpL$u“p kdedp„ ApÆrhL$p“p¡ D‘pe
ssp¡ fpS>rhc|su“pd¹ Apvi§íQpdf¥c®S>¡s¹ && L$fhp¡. s¡dp„ ‘Z Å¡ Akd’® A¡hp¡ L$p¡C AÐeÞs Nfub c¼s lp¡e A“¡ hmu
NuspÛyÐkhsp¡ øé¡“„ “ufpÄe Q âZçe Q &&113&& ‘pqfhpqfL$ ârsbÞ^hpmp¡ lp¡hp’u Å¡ A¡L$ kde ‘Z cNhÐk¡hp L$fu iL¡$ s¡d

25 26
“ lp¡e sp¡, cZ¡gp¡-NZ¡gp¡ lp¡e sp¡, cpNhs“p¡ ‘pW$ L$f¡. Å¡ cZ¡gp¡ “ lp¡e Ap âL$pf¡ ApMp¡ qvhk cNhv¡L$sp“spdp„ husph“pfp¡ iyÙ c¼s cNhp““p
sp¡ L$p¡C ‘qfrQs rhÜp“¹ c¼s âcyk¡hp L$fsp¡ lp¡e s¡“u ‘qfQep® L$f¡ A“¡ s¡ QfZp¡“y„ cph“ L$fsp¡-L$fsp¡ ie“ L$f¡. ‘Гu Å¡ ‘yÓ“u L$pd“phpmu lp¡e sp¡
Äepf¡ cNh•yZNp“, cNphs‘pW$ Apqv L$fsp¡ lp¡e Ðepf¡ s¡“y„ îhZ L$f¡. ‘p¡sp“u B[ÞÖep¡ Ak„es b“u “ Åe s¡hu cph“p’u s¡“u ‘pk¡ Åe. Ap
(9. kpe„L©$ÐeL¡$ ‘pR>¢ âc|“¹L¡$ DÐ’p‘“L$p¡ âL$pf ) âL$pf¡ c|sg D‘f S>¡ c¼s ‘p¡sp“p¡ qvhk ìesus L$f¡ R>¡ s¡ Qp¡¼L$k L©$sL©$Ðe b“¡
kpe„kÞÝep’ ‘yÎX²$prZ ^©Ðhp spçb|gsp¡ dyMd¹ && R>¡, îulqf s¡“¡ Ahíe âpàs ’pe R>¡.
k„ip¡ÝepQçe iyÙp¡@kp¥ âcp¡{Ð’p‘“„ Qf¡s¹ &&120&&
L$Þvd|g¥: a$g¥N®ìe¥: kydpëe¥: kyS>g¥fr‘ && ( N°Þ’“p¡ D‘k„lpf )
kÞsp¡óe dyfÅvu“p„ kP¹$Nus¡“pr‘ sp¡je¡s¹ &&121&& BÐe¡h„ c[¼sipõÓ¡jy evpQpfp¡ r“êr‘s: &&
Npe¡v¹ c¼sL©$s¥: ‘Û¥: ùÛ¥g}gpflõeL¥$: && svpQpf„ cS>¡vÓ “pÞe’p Nrsqfóes¡ &&127&&
ssp¡ “ufpS>e¡“¹ “p’d¹ ApepÞs„ h°S>dÎX$g¡ &&122&&
s¡ ‘R>u ApQd“ L$fu“¡, ‘p“-buX$p„ hX¡$ dyMiyrÙ L$fu“¡, EÝh®‘y„X²$ rsgL$ Brs îud˜NhÜv“phspf-îuhëgcvurnss“yS>-
^pfZ L$fu“¡, kpe„L$pgu“ kÞÝep L$fhu. Ap âdpZ¡ iyÙ b“u“¡ âcy“u îuNp¡‘u“p’-vurns-rhfrQsp
DÐ’p‘“ kde“u k¡hpdp„ S>hy„. DÐ’p‘“ cp¡Ndp„ L$Þvd|g, a$m, v|^-vlu hN¡f¡ kp^“vur‘L$p kdpàsp
kd‘®hp. dpgp ^fphhu. “hu“ S>g’u Tpfu cfhu. d©v„N hN¡f¡ hpÛ- Ap âL$pf¡ Ap c[¼sip”dp„ S>¡ ApQpf“y„ r“ê‘Z L$fhpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡ s¡
k„Nus’u âcy“¡ âkÞ“ L$fhp. ùve“p cph’u c¼sp¡Üpfp frQs gugp- ApQpf“y„ A“ykfZ L$fhy„. Ap’u AÞe âL$pf“y„ ApQfZ ‘yrôc[¼sdpN}e
flõe“p ‘Ûp¡’u cNhëgugp“y„ Np“ L$fhy„. s¡ ‘R>u h°S>dÎX$gdp„ ‘^pfu fl¡gp c¼s“¡ dpV$¡ BôrkrÙ Ap‘“p{„ “’u.
âcy“u Apfsu L$fhu.
Brs îudv¹cNhv¹-hv“phspf-îuhëgcvurns-s“yS>-
(10. ie“cp¡N, ie“pfsu Apqv L©$Ðe)
îuNp¡‘u“p’-vurns-rhfrQs kp^“vur‘L$p“p¡
kpe„L$pg¡@r‘ “¥h¡Û„ e’p-rhch-rhõsf: && NyS>fpsu cpjp cphp“yhpv kdpàs ’ep¡.
“ufpS>“„ Q ie“„ e’pep¡Áe„ rhcphe¡s¹ &&123&&
kp„S>“p kde¡ ‘Z i[¼s A“ykpf rhõspf’u cp¡N Apqv ^fhp, Apfsu
L$fhu A“¡ âcy“¡ ie“ L$fphhp.
(11. kyhp’u ‘l¡gp„“p L$dp£ )
kpe„kÞÝep-@@lºsuíQpr‘ L©$Ðhp cy¼Ðhp r“h¡qvsd¹ &&
L$’e¡v¹ i©Ïepv¹ hpr‘ gugp„ cNhsp¡@Þhld¹ &&124&&
ss: ieus iyÙp¡@kp¥ cphe“¹ cNhБvd¹ &&
kyspr’®“u õh‘Гu Q¡v¹ h°S>¡s¹ sp„ S>¡syrd[ÞÖed¹ &&125&&
BÐe¡h„ eõe qvhkp ep[Þs c¼sõe c|sg¡ &&
kA¡h L©$sL©$Ðep¡@[õs lqfõsd“y[ígóers &&126&&
s¡ ‘R>u kp„S>“p kde¡ kÞÝep-lp¡d L$fu“¡ âcy“¡ “h¡qvs L$f¡g dlpâkpv“y„
cp¡S>“ L$fu“¡ qvhk“p ‘pR>gp kdedp„ âcy“u gugpAp¡“y„ îhZ-L$us®“ L$fhy„.

27 28
îuNp¡‘u“p’ âcyQfZ îuNp¡‘u“p’âcyQfZ ‘„Qisp[åv$ dlp¡Ðkh
(‘„Qisp[åv$ dlp¡Ðkh) AÞsN®s
hs®dp“ hj®dp„ ep¡Å“pfp L$pe®¾$dp¡ :

1. k¡rd“pf
2. âL$pi“ :
rQÓÆ
õdpqfL$p
kp^“v$ur‘L$p rhh¡Q“ hN¡f¡
3. "kp^“v$ur‘L$p' N°Þ’ D‘f âhQ“dpmp
4. îuNp¡‘u“p’Æ“p Æh“QqfÓ“y„ A“ykÞ^p“
5. îuNp¡‘u“p’Æ“p b¡W$L$Æ“y„ A“ykÞ^p“-r“dp®Z“u
i¼esp ‘f rhQpf.
6. rh.k„. 2067 dp„ Aph“pf âpL$V$éqv$hk ‘f rhi¡j
Apep¡S>“.

dprlrs-õh¥[ÃR>L$ klep¡N dpV¡$ ‘ÓpQpf :

îuhëgcpQpe® V²$õV$, L„$kpfp bÅf, dp„X$hu-L$ÃR>,
âL$piL$ : îuhëgcQpe® V²$õV$(dp„X$hu-L$ÃR>) NyS>fps, 389350