Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 350 views

    Bus Bar Protection

    Uploaded by

    Siva Koti Reddy
    The busbar protection system has two independent fault detection systems that both must operate for correct tripping. Each system provides fully discriminative current differential protection for phase-to-phase and phase-to-earth faults. At least one system discriminates between busbar sections and both discriminate between internal and external faults. Current transformer supervision is required to detect open circuits and spill current in both systems. The overall protection uses two separately energized tripping systems in a two-out-of-two logic to operate circuit breakers.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Bus Bar Protection

    Uploaded by

    Siva Koti Reddy
    350 views8 pages
    The busbar protection system has two independent fault detection systems that both must operate for correct tripping. Each system provides fully discriminative current differential protection for phase-to-phase and phase-to-earth faults. At least one system discriminates between busbar sections and both discriminate between internal and external faults. Current transformer supervision is required to detect open circuits and spill current in both systems. The overall protection uses two separately energized tripping systems in a two-out-of-two logic to operate circuit breakers.

    Original Title

    bus bar protection

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The busbar protection system has two independent fault detection systems that both must operate for correct tripping. Each system provides fully discriminative current differential protection for phase-to-phase and phase-to-earth faults. At least one system discriminates between busbar sections and both discriminate between internal and external faults. Current transformer supervision is required to detect open circuits and spill current in both systems. The overall protection uses two separately energized tripping systems in a two-out-of-two logic to operate circuit breakers.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    350 views8 pages

    Bus Bar Protection

    Uploaded by

    Siva Koti Reddy
    The busbar protection system has two independent fault detection systems that both must operate for correct tripping. Each system provides fully discriminative current differential protection for phase-to-phase and phase-to-earth faults. At least one system discriminates between busbar sections and both discriminate between internal and external faults. Current transformer supervision is required to detect open circuits and spill current in both systems. The overall protection uses two separately energized tripping systems in a two-out-of-two logic to operate circuit breakers.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    Busbar Fault Detection Systems

    The busbar protection shall have two, independent, fault detection


    systems. The measuring arrangements within the fault detection system shall be
    effectively duplicated at 400 kV and arranged in a twoout- of-two tripping logic. The
    overall tripping logic shall be such that both fault detection systems must operate before
    correct tripping of circuit-breakers can occur (refer to Figures 1, 2 & 3). Each fault
    detection system shall provide fully discriminative current differential protection for
    phase-to-phase and phase-to-earth faults occurring within the busbar zone associated
    with any busbar section. The measuring relays shall comply with the requirements of
    IEC 255-6. If a biased ifferential principle is used, the protection shall also comply with
    the requirements of IEC 255-13. At least one fault detection system shall discriminate
    between the busbar sections of a protected busbar station and both fault detection
    systems shall discriminate between faults on the protected busbar station and faults
    elsewhere on the primary system. The fault detection system discriminating between
    sections of busbar, shall be known as the discriminating system and the protected
    sections of busbar shall be known as iscriminating zones. The other fault detection
    system shall be known as the check system and, for the case of single check zone
    substations, shall discriminate between faults within and external to the protected
    busbars of the complete substation. Where necessary, multiple check zones may be
    specified on the contract.
    For high impedance circulating current schemes, voltage limiting
    devices shall be provided if the peak voltage developed across the high impedance
    relay circuit during a busbar fault condition is greater than 3 kV. The characteristic
    provided shall be declared by the manufacturer.

    Current Transformer Supervision

    Open-circuited busbar protection current transformer windings or connections shall be


    detected by supervision of the current transformer secondary wiring circuits. CT
    supervision is required in both the check and discriminating zones. The CT supervision
    relay shall be capable of detecting `spill' current in all three separate phases. The CT
    supervision shall be arranged to give an alarm only and not to short-circuit the bus-
    wires. The fault detection and supervision system shall be capable of withstanding this
    condition continuously for the secondary current which corresponds to the maximum
    primary load condition. In this situation, security against maloperation of the protection
    is provided by the non-operation of the other fault detecting system. Initiation of the
    alarm shall be time delayed such that it is not annunciated for genuine busbar faults nor
    for external faults. A time delayed output covering the range 1.0 - 10.0 s shall be
    provided. Where this is not the case a suitable external timer shall be provided.
    Protection System:-

    The overall protection system shall comprise two separately energised independent
    tripping systems. Each tripping system shall be initiated for both check and
    discriminating zone fault detection systems in a twoout- of-two tripping logic, and
    operate the appropriate circuit breakers via a per circuit trip relay(s).
    These trip relays shall be of the high burden electrically reset latching type, and shall be
    provided with automatic resetting facilities Where due to burden limitations of the fault
    detection relay output contact, high burden trip relays cannot be driven directly, then a
    high speed, double pole switched, self reset trip repeat relay(s) with hand reset
    operation indicator, and may be applied to operate the trip relay(s). Provision shall be
    made within the first tripping system for the circuit breaker fail protection to initiate
    backtripping of all contiguous circuit breakers, see Figure 2. Discriminative tripping (and
    backtripping from circuit breaker fail protection) shall be achieved utilizing
    disconnector auxiliary switches or repeat relay contacts .The operation of any single trip
    relay shall not result in the tripping of more than one circuit. When a busbar fault occurs,
    all circuit-breakers connected to the faulted busbar shall be tripped simultaneously,
    whether they can feed fault current or not. The rating of all busbar tripping contacts,
    connections and fuses/MCBs shall be suitable for meeting this requirement. Typical
    tripping logic diagrams for the first and second tripping systems are shown in Figures 2
    and 3 respectively.

    Inputs

    Power Supply:-

    The tripping systems shall be designed to operate from a 110 V (nominal) D.C. battery
    Each tripping system shall be provided with a separately fused supply fed from different
    batteries. If an auxiliary energising supply is required by a fault detecting system, it shall
    be taken from the tripping system supply to which the fault detecting system is
    connected.

    Current Transformers:-

    A typical current transformer arrangement, depicting signals to the busbar protection


    system is shown in Figure 1.
    For high impedance circulating current protection, class `X' Type `B' CTs shall
    be provided for both discriminating and check zones. For low impedance schemes
    alternative CT cores may be suitable and shall be specified by the manufacturer.
    Separate current transformers shall be utilized for each of the check and discriminating
    systems. There shall be no disconnector auxiliary switches or repeat relay contacts in
    the current transformer circuits of the check system. When disconnector auxiliary
    switches or repeat relays are used for switching current transformer circuits,
    they shall also be used to short to earth and disconnect the current transformer
    secondary wiring from any common A.C. bus wiring when the primary circuit is isolated.
    Check zone current transformers shall be provided on outgoing or incoming circuits.
    Bus Section and Bus:-

    Coupler circuit-breakers shall not have check zone current transformers, except where
    multiple check zones are specified. Discriminating zone current transformers shall be
    provided on all outgoing and incoming circuits. Overlapping discriminating zone current
    transformers shall also be provided on Bus Section or Bus Coupler bays, (see
    Figure 1). In order to prevent incorrect operation of the busbar protection under certain
    fault conditions within the overlapping zone, auxiliary switches shall be provided in the
    CT circuits associated with busbar coupler and busbar section disconnectors. Suitable
    interlocking arrangements shall be provided for the busbar coupler and busbar section
    circuit breakers and their respective disconnectors to ensure no section of busbar is
    unprotected during switching operations. The secondary windings of each three phase
    set of current transformers shall be starred at the current transformer terminal block
    normally located at the switchgear. The position of the star point, with respect
    to the protected busbar.

    Contact Initiations:-

    (i) Primary disconnector auxiliary switches or repeat relay contacts shall be provided to
    satisfy the busbar protection system requirements stated in Section 3.1.3 and 3.2.2 and
    shown in Figures 1,2 and 3.
    The operating sequence of disconnector auxiliary switches or disconnector repeat relay
    contacts used in current transformer circuits and in 110 V D.C. tripping circuits shall be
    such that the auxiliary switches or repeat relay contacts operate:

    (a) Before reaching the pre-arcing distance on closing the disconnector.


    (b) After the pre-arcing distance has been exceeded on opening the disconnector.

    Combinations of normally open and normally closed auxiliary switches or


    repeat relay contacts from the same disconnector shall `break' before `make' both for
    opening and closing the disconnector. Where repeat relay contacts are used in lieu of
    disconnector auxiliary switches, the repeat relays shall be of the latched type. The
    position of the primary plant contacts with respect to the repeat relay contacts shall be
    monitored such that any discrepancy from the normal relative positions will cause an
    alarm to be annunciated. The relay energising supply shall be supervised. Loss of this
    supply shall initiate an alarm. It shall be possible to determine whether the relay is
    simulating an open or closed disconnector, by observation of a suitable indicating
    device on the relay.

    (ii) An input shall be provided from the circuit breaker fail protection of each circuit
    breaker to initiate back-tripping of all other circuit breakers associated with the same
    busbar zone(s) via the busbar protection first tripping system.
    D.C. Initiations:-

    The protection system shall be provided with inputs to receive D.C. signals for the
    following:-
    Trip relay reset (110 V D.C.).

    Outputs

    Trip Outputs:-

    The trip relays of each tripping system shall be provided with output contacts for
    initiation of the following:-

    (i) Tripping the associated local circuit-breaker(s).


    (ii) Circuit-breaker fail protection.
    (iii) Intertripping to the associated remote circuit-breaker(s). (Two channels each being
    double pole
    switched for feeder circuits).
    (iv) Unblocking/accelerating or unstabilizing of feeder protection.

    Facilities shall be provided to select or deselect direct tripping of remote


    circuit breakers from intertripping, unblocking, acceleration or unstabilising, as part of
    the busbar protection tripping scheme. Selection of intertripping,
    Unblocking/acceleration, or unstabilizing direct from the busbar protection trip
    relays shall be as specified by NGC on particular contracts. Where direct tripping is
    deselected, then tripping of the remote circuit breaker(s) shall be initiated via the
    Circuit Breaker Fail Protection

    Additional Outputs:-

    The protection system shall be capable of providing outputs for initiation of the
    following:-
    (i) Disconnector sequential isolation.
    (ii) Trip relay reset.
    (iii) Lockout of auto reclosure.

    Alarm Outputs:-

    Protection operation or failure shall be annunciated through the substation alarm and
    event logging system.
    The following protection alarm outputs shall be provided:-
    (i) Busbar protection zone operation (refer to Figure 4).
    (ii) Trip relay operated indication (where required).
    (iii) Protection supply supervision alarm for each fused supply
    (iv) CT Supervision.
    (v) Disconnector Auxiliary Switch repeat relay discrepancy alarm (where required).
    If the protection equipment is of an electronic type, an alarm output of equipment
    inoperative shall be
    provided for the loss of D.C. auxiliary energising supply and internal relay failures.

    Fault Recorder:-

    Operation of the busbar protection trip relays shall trigger, and be recorded on, a fault
    recorder.

    Operator Interface:-

    The following facilities shall be provided for the protection system, where appropriate,

    (i) Setting Facilities.


    (ii) Indications.
    (iii) Isolation and Testing Facilities.

    Facilities shall be provided to enable each relay element current to be


    measured where applicable. Each of the three phase connections from every set of
    current transformers shall pass through an isolating link or equivalent before being
    connected to any relay, common bus-wire or busbar selector auxiliary switch.
    In one position the link shall give normal connection and in the other position it shall
    short out the current transformer and it shall isolate the current transformer from its
    associated phase buswire. The three phase set of links, shall have suitable test
    terminals. The test links shall normally be physically located at the associated circuit-
    breaker marshalling kiosk, or, in the case of 400 kV busbar stations where circuit-
    breaker marshalling kiosks may not be provided, at the individual relay room busbar
    protection rack, panel or primary marshalling cubicle. Where two or more check zones
    are specified, the test links associated with the current transformers installed at the
    reserve busbar sectioning point shall be physically located in a marshalling kiosk or box
    which shall be provided adjacent to the sectioning point. Where the circuit-breaker fail
    protection utilises the busbar protection trip system for back tripping, sufficient
    isolation facilities shall be provided to enable complete per circuit trip testing on an
    individual circuit-breaker fail system without the risk of backtripping to other circuits.
    Trip circuits in the busbar protection panel or rack shall be fully insulated or shrouded on
    the trip relay and trip coil(s) sides of fuses or links.

    You might also like