Bearing

Bearings
BEARINGS- INTRODUCTION
• Bearings are machine elements which are

used to support a rotating member called
as shaft.
• They transmit the load from a rotating
member to a stationary member known as
frame or housing.
Bearing Motions
Common motions permitted by bearings are:
• Axial rotation e.g. shaft rotation
• Linear motion e.g. Carriage over the
bed, drawer in the table
• spherical rotation e.g. ball and socket
joint
• Hinge motion e.g. door
Bearing Loads
• Radial Load
• Thrust/Axial Load
• Combination of both.
Fr
Radial load Thrust load Radial &Thrust load

Bearing Loads-Radial load
The bearings that support the

shafts of motors and pulleys are
subject to a radial load.
Bearing Loads-Thrust load
The bearings in this stool

are subject to a thrust load
Bearing Loads-Combination of Radial
&Thrust load
The bearings in a car wheel are subject

to both thrust and radial loads.
Bearing Classification
On the basis of contact they have between
the rotating and the stationary member
• Plain/Journal bearings
(Sliding contact)
• Rolling/Antifriction bearings
(Rolling contact)
Plain / Journal Bearing
Advantages : Disadvantages:
It takes up less space. It has higher frictional resistance

It has a rigid construction It is more difficult to lubricate
It will carry loads more effectively There are limited choice of designs
It is suitable for larger diameter shafts available
It is cheap to manufacture and cost less.
They operate more silently.
They have good shock load capacity.
Sliding contact- Sleeve Bearing
Solid Sleeve Slit Sleeve Split Sleeve

Adjustable to Suitable for
Suitable to compensate large diameters
radial load wear shafts
only
Rolling Bearings
The concept behind a ball bearing is very simple:
• Things roll better than they slide
• Two surfaces can roll over each other, the
friction is greatly reduced.
• Bearings reduce friction by providing
smooth metal balls or rollers, and a
smooth inner and outer metal surface for
the balls to roll against.
• These balls or rollers "bear" the load,
allowing the device to spin smoothly.
Rolling Bearings
Advantages
• The rolling bearings have a lower frictional
resistance than plain bearings
• The Lubrication of rolling bearings is easier
because they can be "grease packed'
• A greater choice of roller bearing designs are
available than for plain bearings
Disadvantages
• It takes up more space than plain bearings
• The rolling bearings are not as rigid as plain
bearings
• More nosier in operation than plain bearings
Types of Antifriction Bearings
 Ball Bearings
 Roller, Needle and Taper Bearings
Ball bearings
Cutaway view of a ball bearing

Ball bearings
• In a ball bearing, the load is transmitted from the
outer race to the ball and from the ball to the
inner race
• Since the ball is a sphere, it only contacts the
inner and outer race at a very small point,
which helps it spin very smoothly
• But it also means that there is not very much
contact area holding that load, so if the bearing
is overloaded, the balls can deform and spoil the
bearing
• Less expensive and suitable for lighter loads
and applications
Rolling Element Bearing Parts
Outer Race
Inner Race
Bore Ball
Cage or Separator
Types of Ball Bearing
• Deep Groove Ball Bearing:
• Filling Slot Type Ball Bearing
• Angular Contact Ball Bearing
• Double Row angular Contact Ball Bearing
• Separable Ball Bearing
• Self Aligning Ball Bearing
• Thrust Ball Bearing
• Deep Groove Ball Bearing:
– Widely used
– Balls are loaded by maximum eccentric
displacement of inner ring w.r.t outer ring.
– As many balls as possible are placed in
the spacing between rings.
– Balls are separated by a cage or retainer.
– Careful alignment is necessary
– Can take relative high radial and axial
load.
– They are constructed with or without
shields which are important to keep them
away from foreign materials
• Filling Slot Type Ball Bearing:
– They have more balls than deep groove ball bearing
– A slot permits the assembly of more balls
– Thus they have large load capacity
– But they have poor thrust capacity
• Angular Contact Ball Bearing:
– Line passing through the area carrying
load makes an angle with the plane of
the bearing.
– They are often used in opposite pair and
suitable for preloading
– Pre-loading reduces the axial play.
– They can be of x, o and tandem type.
– X- type has lower rigidity than others.
• Double Row angular Contact Ball Bearing:
– Construction is similar to O- assembly
– They can take both high radial and axial forces
• Separable Ball Bearing
– They are similar to deep groove ball
bearings, except that the outer ring has one
shoulder
– Thus both the outer and the inner ring are
easily separable
– The rings can be separately assembled,
which has an advantage in batch assembly
– The shaft has a small axial play
– Used in electrical machines, gyroscopes,
instruments etc.
• Self Aligning Ball Bearing:
– The outer ring has a spherical
shape
– This permits compensation of
angular misalignment which
arises from shaft or foundation
deflection
– They are recommended for
radial loads and moderate axial
loads in either direction
• Thrust Ball Bearing:
– They are designed to take
axial load only.
– Turning, drilling, milling and
other operations generate
axial forces.
Types of Roller Bearing
• Cylindrical Roller Bearing
• Taper Roller Bearing
• Needle Bearing
• Self Aligning Roller Bearing
• Roller Thrust Bearing
Cylindrical Roller Bearing
 Common roller bearings use cylinders of slightly greater length

than diameter.
 Roller bearings typically have higher radial load capacity than
ball bearings, but a low axial capacity and higher friction under
axial loads.
 If the inner and outer races are misaligned, the bearing capacity
often drops quickly compared to either a ball bearing
Cylindrical Roller Bearing
Advantages
• They can carry greater radial loads
• The geometric shape of the rolling element
can be varied
• They are having greater area of contact
with the race ways
Disadvantages
• Not suitable to take much thrust load
• Expensive
Taper Roller Bearings
 Tapered roller bearings use conical rollers that run on conical races.
 Tapered roller bearings support both radial and axial loads, and
generally can carry higher loads than ball bearings due to greater
contact area.
 Taper roller bearings are extensively used in Machine spindles and
gear boxes using helical gears
 The disadvantage of this bearing is that due to manufacturing
complexities, tapered roller bearings are usually more expensive than
ball bearings
Needle Bearing
A variation of the roller type of bearing is called a needle bearing, uses

cylinders with a very small diameter.
This allows the bearing to fit into tight places.
Advantages
•Smaller diameter rollers (Needles) enable larger area of contact and greater
load carrying capacity.
•Less space is occupied
Disadvantages
•More area of contact resulted in more frictional resistance to motion.
Self Aligning Roller Bearing
• Have usually two rows of
symmetrical spherical rollers
• The inner ring has two races
and the outer one a curved
race, where the bearing has
the possibility of self-
alignment
• They can carry relatively
heavy radial and thrust loads.
• But they are difficult to
construct
Roller Thrust Bearing
Roller thrust bearings like the one illustrated can support large
thrust loads.
They are often found in gear sets like machine transmissions
between gears, and between the housing and the rotating shafts.
The helical gears used in most transmissions have angled teeth
and this causes a thrust load that must be supported by this type of
bearing
Purpose for Preload
• The necessary radial internal clearance in an assembled ball
bearing may increase noise and rotational vibration in an
application due to the movement of the balls inside the
bearings.
• To combat the relative movement of the balls, an axial
“preload” should be applied to the bearing
• Preload increases the stiffness of the bearing and reduces
potential noise and vibration.
• The appropriate preload force depends on the size of the ball
bearing.
• Higher preload will increase the bearing stiffness but
excessive preload may result in premature failures.
• If insufficient preload is applied, vibration and fretting wear
may occur inside of the bearing.
Preload

Bearing

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Bearings

• Bearings are machine elements which are

Radial load Thrust load Radial &Thrust load

The bearings that support the

The bearings in this stool

The bearings in a car wheel are subject

It takes up less space. It has higher frictional resistance

Solid Sleeve Slit Sleeve Split Sleeve

Cutaway view of a ball bearing

 Common roller bearings use cylinders of slightly greater length

A variation of the roller type of bearing is called a needle bearing, uses

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