ჟურნალი ემაოსი 2004 წ. 3

1
3
noemberi-dekemberi 2004
emaosi
EMMAUS
3
November-December 2004
2 3
saredaqcio kolegia:
levan abaSiZe (pasuxismgebeli redaqtori)
leila bezaraSvili, zurab kiknaZe,
Tamar mesxi, arnold hoxi
EDITING COUNCIL:
Levan Abashidze (Editor ),Leila Bezarashvili,
Arnold Hoch, Zurab Kiknadze, Tamar Meskhi
emaosi
#3
misamarTi: Address:
abesaZis q. 4 v. Abesadze St.4
0175 Tbilisi 0175 Tbilisi EMMAUS
e-mail: [email protected]
Jurnali ibeWdeba eklesiaTa The Journal is published with the

msoflio sabWos mxardaWeriT support of the World Council of
Churches
wmida irineos lionelis saxelobis

bibliur-Teologiuri instituti
St. Ireneaus Biblical Theological Institute
Tbilisi - TBILISI
ISSN 1512-2158 2004
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Foreword winaTqma
Two of them were going that very day to a village named Emmaus, imave dRes, roca es ambavi moxda, orni midiodnen
which was about sixty stadia from Jerusalem. And they were con- ierusalimidan erT sofelSi, romelsac emaosi erqva.
versing with each other about all these things which had taken midiodnen gzaze da daRonebulni erTmaneTSi
place. saubrobdnen imaze, rac im dReebSi ierusalimSi
moxda.
And while they were conversing and discussing, Jesus Himself ap-
proached, and began traveling with them. But their eyes were pre- da am saubarSi TviT ieso aemgzavra maT, magram maTi
vented from recognizing Him. Tvalebi Sepyrobili iyo da maT ver icnes igi.
And He said to them, “What are these words what are you ex- da hkiTxa maT: ra moxda, rom ase daRonebulni
changing with one another as you are walking?” And they stood laparakobT?
still, looking sad. da erTma maTganma, kleopam, upasuxa: ucxoTagan Sen,
And one of them, named Cleopas, answered and said to Him:”Are erTaderTma, ar ici, ra moxda iq am dReebSi?
you the only stranger in Jerusalem unaware of the things which
have happened here in these days?”
Cven gzaSi varT da sxvadasxva ambebze vsaubrobT
erTmaneTSi.
We are on our way conversing and discussing different things. Tu gamovicnobT iesos im ucxoSi, romelic
Shall we recognize Him as Jesus when He approaches and begins dagvemgzavreba?
traveling with us?
Tu movusmenT mas, roca wminda werilis ganmartebas
Shall we listen when He explains to us the scriptures? daiwyebs?
Shall our hearts be burning?
Tu ainTeba Cveni gulebi, roca is sityvas gvetyvis?
In this journal you can find discussions between Christians of different

generations, denominations and cultures. These are the discussions and winamdebare JurnalSi warmodgenili arian
the dialogue we all need. sxvadasxva epoqis, kulturis, aRmsareblobis
On our way we are conversing with one another and discussing things adamianebi.
which have happened...
Cven gzas vadgavarT da vsaubrobT imaze, rac moxda...
6 7
Summary Sinaarsi
CHURCH CALENDAR - CHRISTMAS eklesiis kalendari Soba
Zurab Kiknadze. zurab kiknaZe.

From Christmas to Easter ................................................................................ 8 Sobidan aRdgomamde ...................................................................... 8
Rev. Alexander Schmemann. protopresviteri aleqsandre Smemani.

Preparation for Lent ...................................................................................... 16 didi marxvis samzadisi ............................................................... 16
WITNESS OFTHE EARLY, UNDIVIDED CHURCH ganuyofeli eklesiis mowmoba
The Didache, or Teaching of the Twelve Apostles ....................................... 38 didaqe. Tormeti mociqulis moZRvreba ................................ 38
PASTORAL THEOLOGY samoZRvro RvTismetyveleba
Rev. Cyprian Kern. arqimandriti kvipriane kerni.

Preparation of Pastors ................................................................................... 50 moZRvris momzadebis Sesaxeb ....................................................... 50
CHRISTIAN THOUGHT qristianuli azri
Rev. Georges Florovskij. dekanozi georgi florovski.

Christianity and Civilization .......................................................................... 58 qristianoba da civilizacia .................................................... 58
INTERCONFESSIONALRELATIONSAND ECUMENICALMOVEMENT konfesiaTSorisi urTierToba
Interview with Georges Lemopoulos (WCC) ............................................. 70 interviu georgos lemopoulosTan ........................................ 70
OPINION Tvalsazrisi
Levan Abashidze. levan abaSiZe.

Orthodoxy and Ecumenical Movement ......................................................... 82 marTlmadidebloba da ekumenizmi ........................................... 82
8 Sobidan aRdgomamde 9
SesaZloa, bunebas meti ganecada im RamiT, rogorc

mogviTxrobs erTi apokrifi, rom yrmis Sobisas dro Sey-
enebula da yoveli moZravi arseba Tu movlena erTi wamiT
SeCerebula da meore wams kvlav amoZravebula...
meore adgilia iordane. beTlemidan iordanemde gavida
ocdaaTi weliwadi. sad iyvnen is mwyemsebi? axsovdaT maT im
Ramis sakvirveleba? an isini sad iyvnen am drois manZilze,
zurab kiknaZe romelTac gaukvirdaT mwyemsebis naambobi - maTTvis an-
gelozTagan naxarebi ambavi?
Sobidan aRdgomamde ra moxda iordaneze? iordaneze naTlisRebisas gancx-
adda samebis saidumlo. aq iyo Ze, wyalSi STafluli, suli
bevr sxva adgilTa Soris, sadac mimdinareobs saxarebi- wmida mtredis saxiT davanebuli mis mxarze, da xma mamisa,
seuli ambebi, ramdenime adgili xerxemlad gasdevs qristes romelic ambobda naTelRebulis mimarT: "ese ars Ze Cemi say-
amqveyniur cxovrebas. TiToeuli maTgani TanamimdevrobiT vareli, romeli me saTno-viyav". gacxadda samebis saidum-
acxadebs RmerTkacis amqveyniur misiis axal-axal saidumlo, magram saxareba Zeze mogviTxrobs, is Zis wignia. iorda-
loebebs. neze gacxadda saidumlo Zisa, rogorc "naTlisa naTlisa-
pirveli aris beTlemi, "saxli purisa", sadac iSva macxo- gan". magram es naTeli uxilavi iyo. ar aris cnoba, rom ior-
vari. RmerTma isurva Sobiliyo ara mefeTa sasaxleSi, fu- danedan amosuli qristes naTeli exilos visme. is ar uxi-
funebaSi, arc Tundac qoxSi Tundac uRaribesi israeliani- lavs arc ioane naTlismcemels. mas SeeZlo egrZno mxolod,
sa, aramed saqonlis sadgomSi, sadgomTa Soris udaresSi - vin idga mis winaSe, magram misi fizikuri Tvali ver xedav-
gamoqvabulSi, sadac ubiri mwyemsebi Tu Seafarebdnen Tavs da mas, rogorc naTels naTlisagan.
naxirTan erTad. ratom moxda ase? gangebiT ise unda qristes naTeli dafaruli iyo TviT mis mociqulTa
momxdariyo, rom RvTis xorcielqmnas, mis damdablebas qm- TvalTaTvis. magram sruliad miuwvdomelia igi? adamians,
nilebaTa ierarqiis ukanasknel safexurze, Sobis adgili- qmnilebas, xorcSi myofs, ar Zalucs misi gancda? is naTeli,
Tac hqonoda Sesatyvisoba. romelic aris qriste da romelsac naTlisRebiT daflulni
beTlemSi moxda gankacebis saidumlo, magram vin iyo amis Seimosaven, xilulad gamouCnda mociqulebs.
mxilveli, Semswre - vin, garda mwyemsebisa da pirutyvisa, es moxda Taboris mTaze, es iyo Taboris gamocxadeba.
romelic imJamad bagaSi imyofeboda, da mogvTa, romlebic "da Semdgomad equsisa dRisa wariyvanna ieso petre da
aRmosavleTidan movidnen ZRveniT Tayvansacemad, raTa kv- iakob da ioane, Zmai misi, da aRiyvanna igini mTasa maRalsa
lav ukan, Tumca sxva gziT, gabrunebuliyvnen? ar arsebobs Tvisagan. da icvala maT winaSe sxuad ferad, da ganbrwyin-
cnoba, rom mogvebs, romlebic sxva gziT gabrundnen, da piri misi, viTarca mze, xolo samoseli misi iqmna spetak,
vismeTvis palestinaSi, romelime israelianisTvis gaendoT viTarca naTel" (mT. 17:1-2).
RmerTkacis Sobis saidumlo. angelozebma, pirvelma maxare- Taborze man aCvena maT, ufro sworad, SeaZlebina maT
blebma, mwyemsebs axares im RamiT yrmis Soba, mwyemsebma - exilaT is saxe, romliTac Ze RvTisa gamoCndeba yvelas
sxvebs, mdabiurT, magram maT mxolod gaikvirves da saidum- winaSe meored mosvlisas. am samma mociqulma moismina igive
lo saidumlod darCa. "xolo mariams daemarxnes sityuani xma da sityvebi, iordaneze rom gaisma samebis gancxade-
ese da daedva gulsa Tvisa" (l. 2:19). bisas: "ese ars Ze Cemi sayvareli, romeli saTno-viyav". es
sityvebi saerTo niSania iordanesa da Tabors Soris.
10 zurab kiknaZe Sobidan aRdgomamde 11
Taborze gamoCnda RvTis Zis namdvili saxe, romelic uxila- blobaa. RvTis Tavisufleba adamianis xsnis aucileblobiT
vi iyo iordaneze TviT naTlismcemlisTvisac ki. aris SezRuduli. magram aucilebelia misi wasvla gamcem-
Tumca saxarebaSi naTqvamia, rom qriste "icvala maT wi- lobiT? es aucilebloba wuTisoflis dacemulma mdgomar-
naSe sxvad ferad" da vlaparakobT qristes feriscvale- eobam gamoiwvia, radgan "yoveli sofeli borotsa zeda
baze, magram ar unda vifiqroT, rom man es "sxva feri" axla dgas". swored imitom midis amgvari wasvliT Ze kacisa, rom
da aq miiRo. qristeSi ki ar momxdara cvlileba, feriscva- ixsnas sofeli, romelic borotebaSia Cafluli, romlis
leba, aramed mociqulebSi, maT fizikur saxedvelSi, nawilia iudas amboric. es am wuTisoflis tragikuli faq-
romelic ise gardaiqmna, rom SeZlo am dausabamo, droiTa tia. arsebobs gamcemi... Tu ar aRmoCndeboda iuda Tormets
da sivrciT SemouzRudveli naTelis aRqma. mociqulTa Soris, macxovaric ar dasWirdeboda sofels, arc ganka–
bunebaSi im wams marTlac moxda xorcielis gadasvla suli- ceba, arc jvarcma, arc aRdgoma... adamis codviT
erSi, xorcis sul-qmna (gansuleba), ramac isini esqatolo- dasneulebulia adamis mTeli modgma, kacobrioba. pavle
giur JamSi gadaiyvana. imisaTvis, rom adamians exila mociquli ambobs, rom "qriste, vidre-igi Cven uZlur-Ra viy-
qristes naTeli, "naTeli mermisa cxorebisa", Tavad unda yo- veniT, Jamsa oden uRmrToTaTvis mokvda. rameTu Zniad vinme
filiyo misi moziare qristeSi ganRmrTobiT. marTlisaTvis mokvdis..." (rom. 5:6-7). "Jamsa oden" anu arc
Tu Taboris mTaze qristem Tavis rCeul mociqulebs aCve- adre, arc gvian. paradoqsia, rom qriste uRvToTaTvis
na Tavisi RvTaebrivi, sagnobriv samyaroSi uxilavi saxe, mokvda? mokvda, radgan uRvToebaa gamefebuli wuTisofel-
geTsimaniis baRSi ukanaskneli locvisas amave sams Tavisi Si. radgan "ara uxms cocxalTa mkurnali, aramed sneulTa"
gatanjuli kacobrivi saxiT warmoudga. magram geTsimaniis (mT. 9:12). mokvda uZlurTaTvis, sneulTaTvis, uRmrTo-
locvas win sapaseqo seroba uZRoda. TaTvis, codvilTaTvis, raTa mokluliyo codvis Ziri.
am serobaze, roca qriste Tavis Tormet mowafesTan er- iudam misca qriste mRvdelmTavrebs da farisevlebs, ma-
Tad aRniSnavda paseqis dResaswauls, isini - erTi da gram amaze uwinares qristem Tavad misca Tavisi Tavi mrav-
aTormeti erT ganuyofel ojaxs warmoadgendnen. aq iyvnen alTa saxsnelad, roca gatexa puri, Camousxa "venaxis nay-
wyvil-wyvilad Zmebic da iyvnen erTmaneTTan saerTo winapr- ofisgan" da Tqva: "miiReT da WameT, ese arc xorci Cemi..." da
iT daukavSirebelnic, zogni galileadan, zogni iudeadan. "suT amisgan yovelTa, ese ars sisxli Cemi axlisa aRTqmisaA,
qristem isini erT ojaxad Sehyara da maTi saxiT kacobrio- mravalTaTvis daTxeuli misatevebelad codvaTa..." (mT.
bas axal niadagze damyarebuli erTobis saxe uCvena. da, 26:26-28).
rac mTavaria, maT Soris iyo Ze RvTisa, purs texda maTTan aq da am dros mieca dasabami evqaristiis saidumlos - am
erTad, Wamda da svamda. gantexili puridan da daTxeuli Rvinidan mravalTaTvis.
magram mTavari isic aris, rom aq iTqva sityvebi, romel- uSualod saidumlo serobas, romelic ukanasknel se-
ic imarxavs, iqneb gaacxadebs kidec misi movlinebis (RvTis robad iqca, mosdevs locva geTsimaniaSi. macxovarma aq Ta-
gankacebis) saidumlos. man Tqva ara vinmes kiTxvaze pasux- boris saidumlos mowme mociqulni waiyvana, raTa maT efxi-
ad, aramed warmoTqva WeSmariteba, rogorc ganaCeni am sof- zlad misi locvisas. esec ukanaskneli iqneboda, es locva.
lis mimarT, Tavisi saboloo sityva, radgan misi Jami moax- mociqulebma ver ifxizles, magram mainc ixiles maT saxe
loebuli iyo. man Tqva yvelas, maT Soris iudas gasagonad: kravisa, "romelman aRixvna codvani soflisani".
"Ze-same kacisaA warvals, viTarca weril ars misTvis, ai, ra ixila am samma Zilsa da RviZils Soris wamierad,
xolo vaA kacisaA mis, romlisa mier Ze kacisaA mieces. um- radgan odnav xangrZlivad amis xilva iseve autaneli iqne-
jobes iyo misa, ara Tumca Sobil iyo kaci igi (mT. 26:24). boda, rogorc naTlis gaxangrZlivebuli xilva Taboris
"Ze kacisaA warvals", raTa ixsnas kaci. es aucile- mTaze (feriscvalebis xati gadmogvcems xorcielisaTvis am
saSiS realobas). es xilva mxolod lukas saxarebam Semogvi- jvars unda ecvas. jvari aq aRniSnavs yoveli adamianisa-
naxa: "da iyo Rvawlsa Sina, umetesRa ilocvida, da iqmna Tvis wilxvedril tvirTs, Sewonads RvTisagan mimadlebu-
ofli misi viTarca cvari sisxlisaA, gardmomavali qveya- li Zalisa, romelsac ar unda gaeqces adamiani. yvelas elis
nasa zeda" (l. 22:44). Tavisi jvari, romelic udtvinvelad unda zidos man. amg-
ras gviCvenebs es sisxlis wveTebi, oflis nacvlad dade- vari zidva simbolurad aCvena simon kvirinelma, romelsac
nili? TavisTvis gzad Sin mimavals ahkides qristes nivTieri
ukiduresobamde misul simwares, romelsac ganicdis ad- jvari, roca mas gauWirda misi zidva. magram qristes
amiani autaneli tvirTis qveS. magram is Rvawli, romelSic jvars, rac iyo misi jvari misive gangebiT, veravin itvir-
imyofeba ieso, ar aris fizikuri xasiaTisa. am RvawlSi Tavda.
(berZn. agonia) mTeli misi adamianuri bunebaa CarTuli sul- ioane oqropiri werda, rom is jvarcmulSi xedavda
ier-fizikuri erTianobiT. is itvirTavs kacobriobis cod- mefes, radgan, mefe Tavisi xalxisaTvis unda kvdebodeso.
vebs da xdeba imis Tanamdebi, rac mas ar Caudenia. is, vinc uflebamosilia mefobisaTvis, is mzad aris Tavisi
sruliad ucodveli, iRebs yvela daumsaxurebel dartymas samefosTvis Tavis gasawirad. veravin uSvelis samefos,
Tavis Tavze, rogorc mexamridi - iudas ambors, eklis verc erTi adamiani, mxolod mefis sisxli gadaarCens xalxs.
gvirgvins, gaSoltvas, gamasxrebas, Seuwevnelobas yvelasa- da rac ufro maRlaa kaci, miT ufro Zvirfasia misi sisxli.
gan, TviT mamisganac (eli, eli, lama sabaqTani?). geTsimania- am sisxlze, Tu is samyaros meufis sisxlia, ambobs grigol
Si locvisas gadawyda sabolood, rom mas ara mxolod unda RvTismetyveli, rom "sisxlis ramdenime wveTi aRadgens
etvirTa wuTisoflis codvebi, aramed daumsaxurebeli sas- mTels samyaros". erT apokrifSi naTqvamia, rom golgoTaze
jelic, romelic winaswar sisxlis oflis saxiT gamoCnda qristes Wrilobidan Camonadenma sisxlis erTma wveTma
mis Sublze. gaacocxla adamis Tavis qala, roca gaapo miwa da daepkura
aq, am dros axda esaia winaswarmetyvelis sityvebi, rom- mas.
lebmac esaia ufro maxareblad gamoaCina, vidre winaswarme- qriste laparakobda ara mxolod TiToeulis jvarze,
tyvelad. ai, ra Tqva man uflis msaxurze, romelic itvir- aramed sakuTar jvarzec, magram es sityvebi ar damarxula
Tavda Tavisi xalxis codvebs: "kaci gvemasa Sina iyo da icis maT gulebSi. rom damarxuliyo, moulodneli da sasircxo
man daTmoba salmobaTaA, rameTu ara gare-miiqcia piri misi, ar iqneboda maTTvis maTi moZRvris jvarcmiT aRsasruli.
igina da ara Seiracxa. aman codvani Cvenni itvirTnes da bolomde, jojoxeTis ufskrulamde, Tu gaiazres da gani-
CvenTvis ivnos da Cven Segviracxos salmobaTa Sina da wy- cades maT is sityvebi, romelic Zil-RviZilSi CaesmaT geT-
lulebaTa da ganborotebaTa. xolo igi iwyla urCuloeba- simaniaSi macxovris locvisas, rom SesTxovda mamas: "mamao
Ta CvenTaTvis da igvema codvaTa CvenTaTvis" (es. 53:3-5). Cemo, ukueTu SesaZlebel ars, Tanawarmxedin Cemgan sasume-
golgoTa, "Txemis adgili", Tavis qalasaviT moSiSvle- li ese. xolo ara viTar me mnebavs, aramed viTarca Sen"? da
buli borcvi, arc borcvi - adgili, romelic mainc yoveli roca kacis Zem, Tumca srulyofilma, romelsac am agoniaSi
mxridan ixilveba. aq aRimarTa sami jvari, erT-erTze acves mxolod angelozebi amxnevebdnen, ara mama, dainaxa, rom
ieso. gangebiT es SeuZlebelia (anu acileba misTvis am Tasisa),
saxareba icnobs jvars macxovris jvarcmamde. Tavad kvlav mimarTa mamas: "mamao Cemo, ukueTu ver SesaZlebel
macxovari ambobs, eubneba mowafeebs da yvelas: "aRiRen ars sasumeli ese Tanawarslvad Cemgan, raATamca ara Sevsva
jvari Tvisi da Semomidegin me..." qriste ar moiTxovda igi, iyavn neba Seni" (mT. 26:42). Tu Cawvdnen rCeuli
ubralo mokvdavisgan imave aRsasruls, rac mas Tavisive mociqulni am sityvebis siRrmes? rom Cawvdomodnen, imgva-
gangebiT eloda. am sityvebiT ar ambobs, rom misi mimdevari rad veRar ilaparakebdnen, rogorc emausis gzaze
laparakobdnen im ucnobis gasagonad, romelic aemgzavraT hrwmenes", ambobs saxareba. Semdeg Tavad aRmdgari eCvena
maT, da im Tanamgzavrsac aRar dasWirdeboda kvlav mariam magdalinels, mis mere daxSul karSi gamoecxada mo-
Seexsenebina maTTvis yvelaferi, rac jvarcmamde uTqvams ciqulebs da uCvena Tavisi Wrilobebi. da Semdeg ormoci
maTTvis (l. 24:13-27) da iyvnen isini erTxans dabrkolebulni dRis manZilze ecxadeboda maT amaRlebamde. bolos ki, es
am jvarcmis gamo, rogorc pavle mociquli ambobda, rom ukve saxarebaSi ar Cawerila, eCvena pavles, rogorc Tavad
huriaTaTvis (sxvagvarad verc mociqulebi iyvnen ganwyo- ambobs, "bolos me, udReursa da unarCevess".
bilni), jvarcmuli qriste didi sacTuri iyo, risganac da swored es unarCevesi pavle iyo, romelic Tavganwir-
araerTgzis gaufrTxilebia isini maT moZRvars. ase iyo, viT qadagebda qristes aRdgomas, xedavda ra masSi axali
vidre isini, erTmaneTis mowmobebs rom ar ujerebdnen moZRvrebis uryev safuZvels. "ukueTu qriste ara aRdgo-
(mxolod Toma ar yofila urwmuno), sabolood mis aRdgo- mil ars, cudad same ars qadagebaA ese Cveni da cudad ars
maSi ar darwmundnen, ris Semdegac yvelaferi Seicvala. sarwmunoebaA ege Tqveni", miuwerda is korinTos eklesias.
golgoTas cvlis adgili, sadac gacxadda kacobriobis da pavle kidev bevrs iseT rasme miuwerda qristianTa Te-
istoriaSi arnaxuli saidumlo. arsebobda samarxi, sadac mebs mTels imperiaSi, rasac saxarebis mociqulni jer kidev
jer aravin daesvenebinaT. da gamoCnda, roca aravin eloda, ver swvdebodnen.
mociqulni mimofantuliyvnen, kaci mdidari, gavleniani, SesaZlebelia, odesme romelime religias uRiarebia
faruli mowafe jvarcmulisa, saxelad iosebi, arimaTiidan, mkvdreTiT aRdgoma, xorcieli feriscvaleba da qveyniere-
romlis saxeli manamde arc erT saxarebaSi ar xsenebula, da bis fizikuri ganaxleba, saboloo Zleva sikvdilisa, magram
dauTmo iesos axlad amokveTili samarxi sakuTar baRSi. es aRiareba rCeboda ocnebanarev rwmenad, romelsac re-
manve gamoiTxova pilatesgan iesos cxedari da Camoxsna. me- aluri faqti, rogorc windi, ar edo safuZvlad. moci-
ore kacma nikodemosma, romelsac erT RamiT idumali sau- qulni, romelTac ixiles carieli saflavi da aRmdgari
bari hqonda iesosTan, moitana asi litra nelsacxebeli - macxovari, aRar arian Cvens Soris. magram maT mowmobas da
"aRreuli murisa da aloAsa". da maT Segragnes misi gvami am saxarebas moaqvs Cvenamde es faqti, rogorc eWvmiutaneli
surnelebasTan erTad da ase dafles ebraelTa Cveulebi- realoba. qristem uTxra Tomas da Cven gvesmis dRes es
samebr, raTa yoveli wesi aRsrulebuliyo. aq aRsrulda es- sityvebi: "netar arian, romelTa ara uxilav da vhrwmene".
aias winaswarmetyvelebac, romelic ambobda uflis msaxu-
rze, rom man, Cvens codvaTa mtvirTvelma da yvelasagan mo-
Zulebulma, mdidarTan hpova Tavisi samarxi.
am axali samarxidan moxda aRdgoma, romlis Semswre ar-
avin yofila, garda angelozisa, saflavis karTan rom daxv-
da Zvirfasi mkvdris mosanaxuleblad da nelsacxeblebiT
kvlav mis gasapatiosneblad mosul qalebs - mariams, mariams
da salomes.
da ambavi carieli saflavisa mociqulebma am menelsacxe-
ble dedaTa piriT Seityves da, ra Tqma unda, ar daijeres.
irwmunes mxolod maSin da jer mxolod orma - eseni petre
da ioane iyvnen, - roca TiToeuli maTgani calk-calke
Sevida cariel samarxSi da sakuTari TvaliT ixila “suda-
ri Sekecili erTsa adgilsa” da tiloebi. "da ixiles da
16 didi marxvis samzadisi 17
kiTxvebze: ra aris sinanuli, ratom gvWirdeba Cven igi,

rogor unda SevinanoT, - didi marxva gvaZlevs pasuxs. is
WeSmaritad aris sinanulis skola, romelic TiToeulma
qristianma yovelwliurad unda gaiaros imisaTvis, rom
Tavisi rwmena gaaRrmavos, Tavisi cxovreba xelaxla Sea-
fasos da, Tu SesaZlebelia, Secvalos. igi saocari mogzau-
aleqsandre Smemani robaa marTlmadidebeli rwmenis saTaveebTan da marTlma-
aleqsandre Smemani. didi marxvis samzadisi * didebluri cxovrebis gzis xelaxla aRmoCena.
didmarxvis RvTismsaxurebis formiTa da suliT eklesia
gamoxatavs am unikaluri Jamis mniSvnelobas CvenTvis.
winaTqma didmarxvis es mokle ganmarteba ZiriTadad, magram ara
mTlianad, damyarebulia didmarxvis RvTismsaxurebaze. me
didi marxvis es mokle ganmarteba imaTTvis aris vimedovneb, rom mkiTxveli TavisTvis aRmoaCens, rom am
dawerili - da aseTebi bevria - visac surs eklesiis qveyanaze araferia iseTi mSvenieri da Rrma, iseTi STago-
liturgiuli tradiciis ukeT gageba da eklesiis nebuli da STamagonebeli, rogorc is, rasac Cveni deda
cxovrebaSi ufro gaazrebuli monawileoba. eklesia gvicxadebs da gvaZlevs, rodesac Cven SevdivarT
sinanuli, rogorc viciT, aris sawyisi da winapiroba “marxvis gazafxulis” kurTxeul JamSi.
WeSmariti qristianuli cxovrebisa. rodesac qristem
qadageba daiwyo, misi pirveli sityva iyo: “SeinaneT!” (mT.
4:17). magram ra aris sinanuli? yoveldRiuri cxovrebis Sesavali
oromtrialSi Cven ara gvaqvs amaze fiqris dro da Cven,
ubralod, miviCnevT, rom yovelive, rac didi marxvis dros
didi marxva: mogzauroba aRdgomisaken
mogveTxoveba, aris garkveuli sakvebisgan Tavis Sekaveba,
“garTobis” Semcireba, aRsarebaze misvla, mRvdlisgan
kaci rom gzas daadgeba, unda icodes Tavisi mogzaurobis
codvaTa mitevebis miReba, wmida ziarebis miReba (erTxel
mizani. asea marxvac. marxva xom, ZiriTadad, sulieri
weliwadSi!), da Semdeg “yvelaferi wesrigSi” gvgonia
mogzaurobaa, misi mizani ki aRdgomaa, paseqi - “dResas-
momaval wlamde. magram unda iyos raRac mizezi, ris gamoc
waulTa dResaswauli”. marxva paseqis aRsrulebis, WeSma-
eklesia calke gamoyofs Svid kviras, rogorc gansa-
riti gamocxadebis samzadisia. amitom dasawyisSive unda
kuTrebul dros sinanulisTvis da mogviwodebs xangrZlivi
SevecadoT, CavswvdeT marxvisa da paseqis kavSirs, radganac
sulieri Zalisxmevisken. es rasakvirvelia, unda mexebodes
es kavSiri raRac metad arsebiTs gvicxadebs, raRac
me, Cems rwmenas, Cems cxovrebas, Cems wevrobas eklesiaSi.
gadamwyvetsa da mniSvnelovans Cveni qristianuli sarwmu-
gana Cemi upirvelesi vali ar unda iyos, vecado gavigo Cemi
noebisa da cxovrebisaTvis.
eklesiis swavleba didi marxvis Sesaxeb, imisaTvis, rom viyo
gana saWiroa imis ganmarteba, rom aRdgoma gacilebiT
marTlmadidebeli qristiani ara marto saxeliT, aramed
ufro mniSvnelovania, vidre erT-erTi dResaswauli, ufro
TviT Cemi cxovrebiT?
metia, vidre warsuli movlenis yovelwliuri aRniSvna da
* amonaridi wignidan "didi marxva. mogzauroba paseqisken", pativiscema?
Alexander Schmemann. Great Lent. Journey to Pascha”. St. Vladimir’s Semi- yvela, visac erTxel mainc ganucdia aRdgomis Ramis
nary Press, 1974. uzenaesi sixaruli, mzian dReze ufro unaTlesi, dame-
18 aleqsandre Smemani didi marxvis samzadisi 19
Tanxmeba. magram risi sixarulia es? ratom vgalobT saaRd- aRmdgara da TiTqos am erTaderT umniSvnelovanes movlenas
gomo ciskarze, rom “aw yovliTurT aRivso naTliTa zeca, CvenTvis araviTari azri ar hqondes? yovelive amis mizezi
qveyana da qveskneli?” ra azriT vdResaswaulobT “sikudi- Cveni sisustea, radganac SeuZlebelia CvenTvis mudam
liTa sikudilisa mokudinebasa, Semusrvasa jojoxeTisasa, “sarwmunoebiT, sasoebiTa da siyvaruliT” cxovreba im
dasabamsa da mizezsa axlisa cxorebisasa”? - yvela am doneze, romelzec qristem aRgviyvana, roca gviTxra:
SekiTxvaze erTi pasuxia: axali cxovreba, romelic TiTqmis “eZiebdeT pirvelad sasufevelsa RmrTisasa da simarTlesa
ori aTasi wlis winaT gamobrwyinda saflavidan da mieca missa” (mT. 6:33). Cven ubralod gvaviwydeba es, imdenad
yvelas, vinc qriste iwama. igi mogveca Cveni naTlisRebis CaZirulni varT yoveldRiur sazrunavSi. da am daviwyebis
dRes, roca, pavle mociqulis sityvisaebr, Cven “Tana- gamo vsustdebiT. am daviwyebis, codviT ganuwyveteli
davefleniT qristesa naTlisRebiTa sikudilisa misisaATa, dacemis gamo Cveni cxovreba kvlav “Zvelia”, wvrilmani,
raATa, viTarca qriste aRdga mkudreTiT, egreTve Cuen bneli, yovelgvar azrs moklebuli: uazro aRsasrulisken
ganaxlebiTa cxorebisaATa vidodiT”. maSasadame, paseqis mimavali uazro mogzauroba. Cven sikvdilic ki gvaviwydeba,
dResaswaulze Cven vdResaswaulobT qristes aRdgomas, is ki moulodnelad, Cveni sasiamovno cxovrebis lamis
rogorc odesRac momxdars, rac dResac xdeba Cvens pirad SuagulSi gvpoulobs: saSineli, gardauvali, uazro.
cxovrebaSi. radganac yovelma Cvenganma miiRo axali zogjer ki SevignebT xolme Cvens sxvadasxva “codvas” da
cxovrebis es niWi, SeiZina misi miRebisa da misiT cxovrebis vinaniebT kidec, magram mainc ar veZleviT im axal
unari. es niWi radikalurad cvlis Cvens mimarTebas cxovrebas, romelic qristem gangvicxada da gviwyaloba. ise
yovelivesadmi amqveynad da TviT sikvdilTanac ki. is vcxovrobT, TiTqos qriste arc arasodes mosula qveynad. es
gvaZlevs saSualebas, sixaruliT vamtkicoT: “sikvdili ar erTaderTi namdvili codvaa, uRrmesi tragedia da sevda
arsebobs!” ra Tqma unda, am cxovrebaSi Cven jer kidev Cveni nominaluri qristianobisa.
pirispir vxvdebiT sikvdils, erT dRes igi Cvenc mogva- Tu Cven amas mivxvdebiT da vaRiarebT, mxolod maSin
kiTxavs. magram Cven gvwams, rom Tavisi sikvdiliT qristem SevZlebT imis gagebas, Tu ra aris aRdgoma da ratomaa
sikvdilis TviT arsi Secvala, aqcia is gadasvlad, paseqis aucilebeli mis win didi marxva. mxolod maSin SevZlebT
dResaswaulad, paseqad anu zeciur sasufevelSi gadasvlad imis gagebas, rom eklesiis yvela liturgiuli tradicia,
da, amgvarad, yvelaze didi tragedia saboloo gamarjvebad mTeli misi saRvTismsaxuro cikli, upirveles yovlisa,
gardaqmna “sikvdiliTa sikvdilisa damTrgunvelma” - saku- imisTvis arsebobs, rom kvlav dagvexmaros im axali
Tari sikvdiliT Cveni sikvdilis Semmusvrelma. man Tavisi cxovrebis danaxvasa da gemosxilvaSi, cxovrebisa, romel-
aRdgomis monawileni gagvxada. amitomac vambobT Cven sa- sac ase advilad vSordebiT da vRalatobT, raTa mona-
aRdgomo saciskro RvTismsaxurebis dasasruls, rom “aRdga niebiT kvlav davubrundeT mas. rogor SeiZleba gviyvardes
qriste da cxoreba moqalaqobs; aRdga qriste da arcaRa da gvsurdes imis miReba, rasac ar vicnobT? rogor
erTi mkudarTaganiRa ars saflavsa Sina” (ioane oqropiri). SeiZleba amqveynad yvelaze maRla davayenoT is, rasac ar
aseTia eklesiis rwmena, romelic wmindanTa uricxvi vicnobT, sixaruli, romelic ar gvigrZvnia? erTi sityviT,
simravlis mieraa dadasturebuli da damtkicebuli. da rogor SegviZlia veZioT sasufeveli, romlis Sesaxeb
mainc, gana yoveldRe sakuTari gamocdileba ar araviTari warmodgena ar gvqonia? dasabamidan da dRemde
gvidasturebs, rom Cven sinamdvileSi Zalian iSviaTad saeklesio RvTismsaxureba erTaderTi Sesasvlelia am
gvaqvs amgvari rwmena, rom Cven wamdauwum vkargavT mas da sasufevelSi, axal cxovrebasTan ziarebaa. eklesia Tavisi
vRalatobT im “axal cxovrebas”, romelic mogveniWa da rom liturgiuli cxovrebis saSualebiT gvicxadebs imas, “rome-
arsebiTad Cven ise vcxovrobT, TiTqos qriste mkvdreTiT ar li Tualman ara ixila da yursa ara esma da gulsa kacisasa
ara mou da, romeli ganumzada RmerTman moyuareTa TvisTa” gviwvdis; sinanulis skolaa, romelsac erTaderTs ZaluZs
(1 kor. 2:9). paseqi am liturgiuli cxovrebis centria, misi Cveni momzadeba imisaTvis, rom SevegeboT aRdgomas, ara
guli da mwvervalia, mzea, romlis sxivebi yvelgan aRwevs. mxolod rogorc Wamis, smisa da dasvenebis nebarTvas,
yovel weliwads ixsneba kari qristes sasufevlis aramed rogorc CvenSi arsebuli “siZvelis” namdvil
brwyinvalebisken, gveZleva winaswari SegrZneba CvenTvis dasasrulsa da axal cxovrebaSi Sesasvlels.
aRTqmuli maradiuli sixarulis, mTeli qveynierebis aRmv- qristianobis pirvel saukuneebSi marxvis umTavresi
sebi didebisa da gamarjvebisa: “sikvdili aRar arsebobs”. amocana iyo kaTakmevelTa anu qristianobaze axladmoq-
mTeli saeklesio RvTismsaxureba agebulia aRdgomis ceulTa momzadeba naTlisRebisTvis, romelic saaRdgomo
dResaswaulis irgvliv: amitomac weliwadis saliturgio liturgiisas sruldeboda. magram maSinac, roca eklesia
wre dResaswaulTa da marxvaTa mimdevroba aRdgomisaken iSviaTad naTlavs mozrdilebs da roca TviT kaTakmev-
mimarTul mogzaurobad warmogvidgeba. es dasasrulia, lobis instituti aRar arsebobs, didi marxvis mTavari
romelic amave dros dasawyisicaa: yovelive Zvelis dasas- mniSvneloba igive rCeba. radganac miuxedavad imisa, rom
ruli da axali cxovrebis dasawyisi, qristes mier gancxa- monaTlulebi varT, Cven wamdauwum vkargavT da vRalatobT
debul sasufevelSi ama soflidan ganuwyveteli gadasvla. imas, rac naTlisRebisas miviReT. amitomac aRdgomis
magram Zveli codviani da wvrilmani cxovrebis dResaswauli Cveni yovelwliuri dabrunebaa Cvens sakuTar
damarcxeba da Secvla arc ise advilia. saxareba naTlisRebasTan, didi marxva ki gvamzadebs am dabrunebi-
adamianisagan iTxovs Zalisxmevas, romlisTvisac igi Tavis saTvis, ganuwyveteli ZalisxmevisTvis, romelic paseqisaken,
Cveulebriv mdgomareobaSi sruliad uZluria. Cven qristesmier axal cxovrebaSi saboloo gadasvlisaken
uxilavTan brZolisken mogviwodeben; axali miznis, migviZRvis. Cven vnaxavT, rom didi marxvis RvTismsaxureba
cxovrebis axali wesisaken mogvixmoben, magram es Cvens dRemde inarCunebs pirvandel xasiaTs, misTvis damaxasia-
Zalebs aRemateba. TviT mociqulebmac ki, roca moZRvris Tebel saxes Segonebisas, TiTqos kvlav naTlisRebisaTvis
swavlebas ismendnen, gaognebulebma ikiTxes: “viTar momzadebas gulisxmobdes. magram es araa warsulis
SesaZlebel ars ese?” (“rogoraa es SesaZlebeli?”). “arqeologiuri” naSTebi, aramed CvenTvis namdvilad arse-
marTlac, araa advili uaris Tqma cxovrebis wvrilman biTi ram. amitomac didi marxva da aRdgomis dResaswauli
idealze, romelic yoveldRiuri sazrunavisagan, cxovrebi- yovel wels axal aRmoCenad gvevlineba da gvZens imas, rac
seuli saxsrebis mudmivi Ziebisagan, siamovnebebisagan mogveca maSin, roca Cveni naTlisRebisas movkvdiT da
Sedgeba - yvelafrisgan, rac ase Sorsaa Cveni namdvili mkvdreTiT aRvdeqiT.
miznis - srulyofilebisagan: “iyveniT Tqven srul, viTarca mogzauroba, momlocveloba! magram roca didi marxvis
mama Tqueni zecaTa srul ars” (mT. 5:48). sofeli ese mTeli “naTel sevdaSi” vabijebT, vxedavT, rom gzis dasasruli
misi masmediiT gveubneba: iyaviT bednierni, icxovreT Sorsaa, Zalian Sors. Cveni mizani, dasasruli gzisa, -
uzrunvelad, iareT farTo gziT. qriste ki saxarebis mier saaRdgomo sixarulia, zeciuri sasufevlis didebis
gveubneba: iareT brZolisa da tanjvis viwro gziT, brwyinvalebaSi Sesvlaa. da am Soreuli naTelis anarekli
radganac es namdvili bednierebis erTaderTi gzaa. ekle- gvinaTebs “marxvis Wmunvas”, “sulier gazafxulad” aqcevs
siis daxmarebis gareSe rogor unda gavbedoT es saSineli mas. Rame SeiZleba xangrZlivi da bneli iyos, magram mTeli
arCevani, rogor SevZloT monanieba da im naTel da sixaru- gzis ganmavlobaSi gveCveneba, rom horizonts riJraJis
liT aRsavse aRTqmasTan dabruneba, romelsac yovel weli- idumali da kaSkaSa sxivi anaTebs. “nu uebul-myof sasoebi-
wads aRdgomis dRes gvaZlevs eklesia? swored amisTvisaa sagan Cvenisa (nu damacarieleb imedisagan), kacTmoyvareo!”
saWiro marxva. es daxmarebis xelia, romelsac eklesia
bulia saxarebaSi: “sadaca ars saunje Tqueni, - gveubneba

Tavi 1 ufali, - munca iyos guli Tqueni” (l. 12:34). Zlieri survili
amarcxebs adamianis bunebriv SezRudulobas. roca mas
mTeli guliT surs raRac, igi iseT rames sCadis, rac
didi marxvis samzadisi “normalur mdgomareobaSi” ar SeuZlia. tandabali zaqe
sakuTar Tavze maRldeba. amitomac sakiTxi imiT amoiwu-
1. survili (zaqes kviriake) reba, marTebulia Tu ara adamianis survili, mimarTulia is
keTili miznisken Tu, Jan pol sartris, cnobili egzis-
didi marxvis dawyebamde karga xniT adre eklesia tencialistisa da aTeistis, sityvisamebr, adamiani aris
gvauwyebs mis moaxloebas da mogviwodebs, raTa SevabijoT “vneba usargeblo”.
mosamzadebel periodSi. saeklesio weliwadis ciklis zaqes survili marTebuli da keTilia. mas qristes xilva,
yvela mniSvnelovani movlenisaTvis (umTavresi dResaswau- masTan miaxloeba surs. zaqes saxiT Cven monaniebis pirvel
lebis, agreTve, didi marxvisTvis) eklesia gvamzadebs simbolos vxedavT, ese igi, sinanuli iqidan iwyeba, rom
winasadResaswaulo dReebiT an marxviswina mosamzadebeli adamiani yoveli survilis siRrmes Seignebs: wyurvili,
kvirebis meSveobiT. es marTlmadidebluri saliturgio survili RvTisa, swrafva misi samarTlisaken, ndoma
tradiciis damaxasiaTebeli niSania. ratom? imitom, rom namdvili cxovrebisa. zaqe “pataraa”, wvrilmania, codvili
eklesia Rrmad SeigrZnobs adamianis fsiqologiur bunebas. da SezRuduli. da aha, misi survili amarcxebs da sZlevs
is icnobs Cveni cxovrebis saSinel gaamqveuniurebasa da yovelive amas. igi Tavisi ZalisxmeviT iqcevs qristes
TviTCaRrmavebis naklebobas, eklesiam icis, rom Cven swrafi yuradRebas, stumrad mohyavs igi Tavis saxlSi.
cvlilebis, erTi sulieri gancdidan meoreze advili ai, aseTia eklesiis pirveli mowodeba: Cven unda gvsur-
gadasvlis unari ar Segvwevs. amitomac WeSmariti marxviTi des is namdvili, rac Cveni sulis siRrmeSia Cadebuli, unda
mosagreobis dawyebamde didi xniT adre eklesia Cvens vaRiaroT absoluturisken swrafva, romelic CvenSi arse-
yuradRebas mimarTavs iqiTken, raTa misi mniSvneloba bobs damoukideblad imisagan, Segnebuli gvaqvs Tu ara.
gaviazroT. didi marxvis WeSmariti mosagreobis dawyebamde mxolod maSin, rodesac zurgs vaqcevT mas da vSordebiT,
Cven misi mniSvnelobis ganmarteba gveZleva. es momzadeba gadaviqceviT namdvil “usargeblo vnebad”. xolo Tu sakma-
didi marxvis winamavali xuTi kviris ganmavlobaSi grZel- od Rrmad, sakmaod Zlierad gvsurs, qriste gvipasuxebs.
deba da TiToeuli sakvirao sakiTxavi saxarebisa sinanulis
romelime ZiriTad mxares eZRvneba. 2. simdable (mezverisa da farisevlis kviriake)
didi marxvis momaswavebeli pirveli uwyeba gvesmis
marxvamde oTxi kviriT adre, sakvirao sakiTxavSi, romelic Semdeg kviras mezverisa da farisevlis kviriake ewodeba.
zaqes Seexeba (l. 19,1-10). es im adamianis istoriaa, romelic wina saRamos, SabaTs, mwuxris locvaze pirvelad
metismetad tandabali iyo da eSinoda, qristes ver davina- gadaiSleba didi marxvis saRvTismsaxuro wigni - marxvani
xavo. magram imdenad Zlieri iyo misi survili, rom mis da, Cveulebriv sakvirao stiqaronebsa da kanonebs mezve-
Sesasruleblad zaqe xeze aZvra. iesom upasuxa mis survils risa da farisevlis kviris stiqaronebi da kanonebi emateba.
da Sin estumra. amgvaria pirveli Tema, romelic survilze isini, umTavresad, eZRvneba simdables (e. i. Tavmdablobas),
mogviTxrobs. adamiani Tavis survils misdevs. isic ki romelic aucilebelia WeSmariti sinanulisTvis.
SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom TviT adamiani - esaa survili da saxarebis igavSi (l. 18:10-14) naCvenebia sakuTari TaviT
adamianuri bunebis Sesaxeb es Zireuli simarTle aRiare- mudam kmayofili adamiani, romelic fiqrobs, rom mTels
“saRmrTo sjuls”, religiis yvela moTxovnas asrulebs. igi Tanamedrove adamians TiTqmis verc ganumartav da
sakuTar TavSi savsebiT darwmunebulia da amayobs kidec. gaagebineb, rom yovelive, rac ki namdvilad srulyofilia,
magram sinamdvileSi mas ar esmis religiis moTxovnaTa azri naRdia, keTili da mSvenieria, amave dros, bunebrivad mdaba-
da amaxinjebs mas. igi masSi mxolod garegan wes-CveulebaTa licaa, radganac swored Tavisi srulyofilebis wyalobiT
aRsrulebas xedavs da Tavis RvTismosaobas im fuliT igi ar saWiroebs sajaroobas, garegnul didebas, ramenair
zomavs, romelsac taZars swiravs. mezvere ki, piriqiT, propagandas. RmerTi mdabalia, radgan igi srulyofilia.
sakuTar Tavs imdablebs da es simdable amarTlebs kidec swored misi simdablea misi dideba da yovelive WeSmaritad
mas RvTis winaSe. Tuki arsebobs romelime zneobrivi mSvenierisa da srulyofilis wyaro, wyaro sikeTisa da
Tviseba, romelsac dRes yuradRebas aRar aqceven da srulyofilebisa. da yvela, vinc ki miuaxlovdeba RmerTs da
uaryofen kidec, aseTi Tviseba swored simdablea. Cvens Seicnobs mas, aucileblad eziareba saRmrTo simdablesa da
garSemo arsebuli kultura da civilizacia CvenSi ganu- mis mSvenierebas. swored Tavisi simdablis wyalobiT Seiqna
wyvetliv aRZravs siamayis, TviTgandidebisa da TviTga- qalwuli mariami, deda RmrTisa, mTeli qveynierebis sixaru-
marTlebis grZnobas. es kultura im Segnebazea agebuli, lad, mSvenierebis udides gamocxadebad dedamiwaze. igive
rom adamians yvelafris miRweva sakuTari ZalebiT SeuZlia. SeiZleba iTqvas yvela wmindansa da yvela adamianze im
TviT RmerTs igi ise warmogviCens, TiTqos RmerTi mxolod iSviaT wuTebSi, roca igi exeba RmerTs.
ajildoebdes, unazRaurebdes adamians am ukanasknelis mier rogor unda SeviqneT mdabalni? qristianisaTvis pasuxi
Cadenil keTil saqmeebsa da miRwevebs. simdable, rogorc martivia: Wvreta qristesi, ganxorcielebuli saRmrTo
piradi an sazogado, eTnikuri an erovnuli Tviseba, simdablisa, romlis mier RmerTma erTxel da samudamod
miCneulia sisustis niSnad, WeSmariti adamianisTvis Seufe- gviCvena Tavisi dideba simdableSi da Tavisi simdable -
reblad. magram gana Cvens eklesiebSi igive farisevluri didebaSi. qristem Tqva Tavisi udidesi simdablis Rames: “aw
suliskveTeba araa gabatonebuli? gana Cven ar gvsurs, rom idida Ze kacisaA, da RmerTica idida mis Tana” (i. 13:31).
yoveli Cveni Sesawiravi, yoveli “keTili saqme”, yvelaferi, simdables qristes WvretiT swavlob, romelmac Tqva:
rasac Cven “eklesiisTvis” vakeTebT, miRebul da Sefasebul “aRiReT uReli Cemi Tquen zeda da iswaveT Cemgan, rameTu
iqnes, sayovelTaod cnobili gaxdes? mSvid var da mdabal guliTa” (mT. 11:29). sabolood, simdab-
magram ra aris simdable? am SekiTxvaze pasuxi SeiZleba les maSinac swavlob, roca yovel Sens sityvasa da saqci-
paradoqsad mogveCvenos, radganac igi ucnaur mtkicebazea els, mTels Sens cxovrebas qristes sazomiT zomav; radganac
damyarebuli: ufali TviTonac mdabalia! yvelasaTvis, vinc qristes gareSe SeuZlebelia WeSmariti simdable; radganac
icnobs RmerTs, vinc uWvrets mas misi qmnilebisa da farisevlebTan TviT sarwmunoebac ampartavnebad qceula.
macxovnebeli moqmedebis meSveobiT, cxadia, rom simdable Tavis farisevlur pativmoyvareobaSi isini TavianTi
marTlac saRmrTo Tvisebaa, is TviT arsi da brwyinvalebaa adamianuri, garegnuli miRwevebiT amayoben.
im didebisa, romliTac, rogorc Cven saRmrTo liturgiisas marxvisaTvis momzadeba iwyeba vedrebiT, locviT,
vgalobT, “savse arian cani da queyana”. Cvens adamianur romelSic simdablis moniWebas viTxovT, radganac simdable
gagebaSi Cven midrekilni varT, erTmaneTs davupirispiroT dasabamia namdvili sinanulisa. simdable upirvelesad da
dideba da simdable, am ukanasknelSi raRac nakli an umetesad yovlisa aris saganTa namdvili wesrigis, marTe-
sisuste davinaxoT. adamianuri gagebis Tanaxmad, simdablis buli cnebebis aRdgena, masTan dabruneba. am wesrigisa da
grZnoba mxolod Cvenma umecrebam, codnis naklebobam marTebulobis fesvebi simdabliT sazrdoobs da simdable,
SeiZleba gamoiwvios. sazogadoebriv sajaroobaze, TviT- mSvenieri saRmrTo simdable - misi nayofi da Sesrulebaa.
darwmunebulobaze, usasrulo ampartavnebaze aRzrdil “vevltodeT farisevelisa simaRlesa da viswaoT mezuerisa
igi simdable” - naTqvamia am dRis kondakSi. Cven sinanulis igavSi da am dRis stiqaronebSi saubaria im adamianis
kars vadgebiT da sakvirao RamisTevis yvelaze sazeimo sinanulze, romelic nebayoflobiTi gandevnidan brundeba.
wuTs, mas Semdeg, rac gvauwyeben qristes aRdgomasa da Cven mogviTxroben moralurad gzaabneuli uZRebi Svilis
gamocxadebas (“aRdgomaA qristesi vixileT...”), pirvelad Sesaxeb, romelic “Soreul qveyanaSi” wavida da iq mTeli
igalobeba troparebi, romlebic didi marxvis mTels Tavisi qoneba gaflanga. Soreuli qveyana! es erTaderTi
manZilze gagvyvebian: gansazRvrebaa adamianis mdgomareobisa, romelic Cven unda
SevignoT da davimaxsovroT, roca RmerTs vuaxlovdebiT.
mswrafl ganuxuen sinanulisa sinanulis kari gauRe Cems suls,
adamiani, romelsac arasodes, mciredac ki ar ganucdia,
bWeni sulsa Cemsa, cxorebismomce- sicocxlis momcemelo (RmerTo), romelsac arasodes ugrZvnia, rom igi RvTisgan da
melo, ciskarsa amas mdgomaresa romelic ciskridanve moiswrafis WeSmariti cxovrebisagan gandevnilia, verasodes mixvdeba,
taZarsa Sina, rameTu taZari PorcTa Sens taZarSi, radganac Cemi sxeu- ras aswavlis qristianuli sarwmunoeba. da is, vinc ama
CemTaY yovlisa codvisa qvab qm- lis taZari yovelgvari codvis soflad Tavs ise grZnobs, rogorc sakuTar saxlSi, visac
nil ars, aramed, viTarca mowy- gamoqvabulad qceula, Sen ki, arasodes ugrZvnia sxva simarTlis mtanjveli wyurvili,
verasodes mixvdeba, ras niSnavs sinanuli.
aleman, ganmwmide mravliTa wyalo- mwyalobelma, ganmwmide maTgan, Seni
sinanuli xSirad codvaTa da cdomilebaTa gulgril da
biTa SeniTa da Semiwyale me. didi wyalobiT, da Semiwyale me. obieqtur CamoTvlad iqceva, msgavsad kanonieri
cxorebisa gzasa SecTomilman, cxovnebis gzas avcdi, RmrTism- sabralmdeblo daskvnis winaSe Tavis damnaSaved cnobisa.
RmrTismSobelo, codviTa da uS- Sobelo, radgan codviTa da ur- aRsarebasa da codvaTa mitevebas ise uyureben, rogorc
juloebiTa da guliswyromiTa juloebiT SevbRale sulis mSve- iuridiulad kanonier aqts. magram am dros, raRac Zalze
davabnele yovelive sulisa Cemisa niereba, axla ki gevedrebi, Semewie arsebiTi aviwydebaT, ris gareSec arc aRsarebas, arc
codvaTa monaniebas ara aqvs arc namdvili mniSvneloba, arc
sikeTe, da aw gevedrebi: Semwe meyav da damicavi yovelgvari borote-
Zala. es “raRac” swored RvTisgan, masTan urTierTobis
da miPsen yovlisa siborotisagan. bisagan. sixarulisgan, mis mier Seqmnili da CvenTvis boZebuli
mravalTa codvaTa, Cem mier Cems mier qmnil mraval codvas WeSmariti cxovrebisagan Sors yofnis SegrZnebaa. marTlac,
qmnulTa, gulisxma-vyof, sawyalo- vgrZnob da ganvicdi me, sabralo, advilia aRiaro aRsarebisas, rom ar dagicavs marxva, ar
beli, da SevZrwundebi saSinelisa da vZrwi saSineli samSjavros SiSiT, gilocia dilas an saRamos, ganrisxebulxar. magram
mis dRisa samSjavroYsagan, aramed, magram Seni wyalobis moimede, daviT sruliad sxvaa, - erTbaSad mixvde, rom Seni sulieri
mSveniereba SegibRalavs da dagikargavs, rom WeSmarit
sasoebiT mindobili wyalobisa winaswarmetyvelis msgavsad giRa-
“samSoblos”, namdvil cxovrebas dacilebulxar, rom
Senisa, viTarca daviT, giRaRadeb: Radeb: `Semiwyale me, RmerTo, sabolood dagimsxvrevia Senive cxovrebiseuli arsebis
Semiwyale me, RmerTo Cemo, didi- didiTa wyalobiTa SeniTa~ (fs. 50). raRac Zvirfasi da wminda nawili. es da mxolod es Segnebaa
Ta wyalobiTa SeniTa. namdvili sinanuli da ukan dabrunebis, sakuTari dakarguli
saxlis povnis mxurvale survilic. me RvTisgan mdidari
3. mamiseul saxlSi dabruneba (uZRebi Svilis ZRveni miviRe: upirveles yovlisa, sicocxle da misiT
kviriake) tkbobis, misi mniSvnelobiT, siyvaruliT, codniT aRvsebis
SesaZlebloba; amis Semdeg ki, naTlisRebisas TviT qristes
mesame kviras, romelic didi marxvisaTvis gvamzadebs, axali cxovreba, niWi sulisa wmidisa da sixaruli caTa
Cven vismenT uZRebi Svilis igavis sakiTxavs (l. 15:11-32). sasufevlisa. me miviRe RvTis codna da mis mier ki - codna
yovelive danarCenisa. miviRe saSualeba, raTa Seviqne RvTis Cavardnili ebraelebi galobdnen, roca TavianT wminda
SvilTagani. da yovelive es me davkarge da ganvagrZob qalaqs, ierusalims ixsenebdnen. igi samudamod iqca im
kargvas ara marto gansakuTrebuli “codvebisa” da adamianis galobad, romelic RmrTisagan Tavis ganSorebas
“Secodebebisas”, aramed Cems udides codvaSi: RmrTisadmi grZnobs da am SegnebiT kvlav adamianad iqceva, im adamianad,
siyvaruli damikargavs da mSvenier mamiseul saxls vinc verasodes ipovis srul kmayofilebas am dacemul
“Soreuli qveyana” vamjobine. wuTisofelSi, radganac Tavisi bunebiTa da mowodebiT igi
magram eklesia maxsenebs yovelives, rac damikargavs. ganuwyvetliv eZiebs, viTarca mogzaur-momlocveli.
vismen mis xmas da maxsendeba: “mamulsa didebasa Sensa ganu- es fsalmuni kidev orgzis igalobeba kvira dReebSi didi
deg ugunurebiT”, - galobs am dRis kondaki, - “da romeli- marxvis win. igi marxvas gvixsnis rogorc locviT
igi momec simdidre, borotTa Sina ganvabnie, vinaAca xmasa mogzaurobas, sinanuls ki - rogorc dabrunebas mamiseul
mas uZRebisasa Sevswirav Senda; viTarca igi, meca Semi- saxlSi.
wyale, mamao mowyaleo, romeli-ese sinanuliT giRaRadeb da
myav me viTarca erTi muSakTa SenTagani”. 4. saSineli samsjavro (xorcielis kviriake)
da roca amgvarad vixseneb yovelives, dabrunebis
survilsa da Zalas vgrZnob sakuTar TavSi: “me davubrun- momdevno kviradRes xorcielisa (xorcielis aRebisa)
debi Cems guluxv mamas da cremliT SevRaRadeb: mimiRe, ewodeba, radganac mis Semdgom SvideulSi eklesia moiTxovs
rogorc Seni erT-erTi mojamagire...” nawilobriv marxvas, anu xorcis Wamisagan Tavis Sekavebas.
aq yuradReba unda mivaqcioT da movixsenioT “uZRebi es moTxovna unda ganvixiloT imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rac
Svilis kviris” erTi gansakuTrebuli liturgikuli Tavise- ukve iTqva marxvisaTvis momzadebis Sesaxeb. eklesia ukve
bureba. ciskarze, “auarebdiTis” mxiaruli da sazeimo amTavrebs morwmuneTa momzadebas im mosagreobisaTvis,
fsalmunebis Semdeg Cven sevdiT aRsavse 136-e fsalmuns romelic gvelis Svidi dRis Semdeg. eklesias TandaTanobiT
vgalobT: SevyavarT am mosagreobis dasawyisSi, radganac icis Cveni
aramdgradobis Sesaxeb da winaswar Wvrets Cvens sulier
mdinareTa zeda babilovnisaTa babilonis mdinareebTan davsxediT
uZlurebas.
mun davsxediT da vtirodeT, ra- da vtirodiT, rodesac gavixseneT wina dRes, xorcielis SabaTs, eklesia aRasrulebs
Jams moviPseneT Cuen sioni... sioni... “sasoebiTa mkudreTiT aRdgomisa da saukunoAsa cxorebi-
viTar-me vgalobdeT galobasa rogor vigaloboT uflis ga- saATa gardacvalebulTa” (“mkvdreTiT aRdgomisa da mara-
uflisasa queyanasa ucxosa? loba ucxo qveyanaSi? diuli cxovrebis imediT gardacvlilTa”) sayovelTao
ukueTu dagiviwyo Sen, ierusa- Tu dagiviwyeb Sen, ierusalimo, moxseniebas. es eklesiis gardacvlil wevrTaTvis sayovel-
Tao locvis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi dRea. imisaTvis,
lem, daiviwyen marjueneca Cemi. dae, Cemi marjvenac daviwyebul
rom CavswvdeT gardacvlilTa mosaxsenebeli locvisa da
aequn enaY Cemi sasasa Cemsa, ara iqnas. didi marxvis urTierTkavSirs, upirveles yovlisa, unda
Tu mogiPseno Sen da ara Tu pirvel ena sasaze amekras, Tu ar gagix- gavixsenoT, rom qristianoba siyvarulis religiaa. qristem
gangebul vyo ierusalemi, viTarca- seno Sen; Tu ar davayeno ieru- mociqulebs uqadaga moZRvreba ara pirad, calkeul cxovne-
igi dasabamsa mas sixarulisa Ce- salimi Cemi sixarulis saTaveSi. baze, aramed misca maT axali mcneba: “iyuarebodiT urTi-
misasa. erTas”. da dasZina, rom swored am urTierTsiyvaruliT
scnoben adamianebi maTSi qristes mimdevrebs. amgvarad,
es gandevnis fsalmunia. mas babilonis tyveobaSi siyvaruli safuZvelia da TviT saeklesio cxovrebaa,
romelic wminda egnate antioqielis sityvisaebr aris ganyenebuli samarTlianobisaTvis, humanitaruli zrunvis,
sarwmunoebisa da siyvarulis kavSiri. codva ki, amis aramed adamianis, RvTis nebiT Cveni cxovrebiseuli gzis
sapirispirod, yovelTvis siyvarulis naklulobaa, yvelas- ganmavlobaSi Semxvedri yoveli adamianis mimarT piradi
gan ganyofa, gamocalkeveba, yvelas omia yvelas winaaRmdeg. konkretuli siyvarulis kanoniT. es gansxvaveba metad
qristes mier boZebuli da eklesiis mier gadmocemuli axali mniSvnelovania, radganac dRes qristianebi sul ufro da
cxovreba, upirveles yovlisa, aris Serigebis cxovreba, ufro midrekili arian imisaken, rom gaaigivon qristianuli
“qveynad ganbneulTa erTad Semokrebaa”, codviT dangreuli siyvaruli adamianebze politikur, ekonomikur da socia-
siyvarulis aRdginebaa. magram gana SegviZlia Cven lur zrunvasTan. sxva sityvebiT, isini erT adamianze, mis
safuZveli davudoT RmerTTan dabrunebas, masTan Serige- pirad bedze zrunvas cvlian zrunviT anonimur arsebebze,
bas, Tu TviTon ar davubrundebiT siyvarulis am erTaderT romlebic romelime “klass”, “erovnebas” an sxva ram jgufs
axal mcnebas? gardacvlilTaTvis locvaSi eklesia, miekuTvnebian. Cven ar vamtkicebT, rom amgvari zrunva
upirveles yovlisa, Tavis siyvaruls gamoTqvams. Cven saWiro araa. cxadia, samoqalaqo an profesiuli pasuxis-
vTxovT RmerTs, axsovdes isini, visac Cven movixseniebT, mgeblobiT aRWurvili qristianebi TavianTi SesaZleblo-
xolo maT imitom movixseniebT, rom gviyvars. roca maTTvis bebisa da gagebis farglebSi unda zrunavdnen, rom sazoga-
vloculobT, Cven qristes mier vxvdebiT maT, xolo qriste doebrivi cxovreba ufro samarTliani, Tanaswori da,
TviT siyvarulia, romelmac daTrguna sikvdili, ganyofisa saerTod, ufro humanuri gaxdes. ueWvelia, yvela es cneba
da ganSorebis es umaRlesi safexuri. qristesTvis ar qristianuli fesvebidan momdinareobs da, rogorc etyoba,
arsebobs gansxvaveba cocxalTa da mkvdarTa Soris, qristianobiTaa STagonebuli. magram qristianuli siyvaru-
radganac misTvis yvela cocxalia. igi TviTaa cxovreba da li, rogorc aseTi, sul sxva ramaa da es gansxvaveba unda
es cxovreba aris “naTel kacTa” (i. 1:4). qristes siyvaruliT SevignoT da SevinarCunoT, Tuki eklesias surs Tavisi
Cven gviyvars yvela, vinc ki mis mier ganisvenebs, xolo masSi erTaderTi gansakuTrebuli misiis gangrZoba da ar surs,
gansvenebulTa siyvaruliT Cven TviT qriste gviyvars. es daemsgavsos ubralo “socialur saagentos”, rogoradac
saeklesio kanonia da gardacvlilTaTvis locvis aSkara igi arasodes gadaiqceva.
ganmarteba. qristes mimarT Cveni siyvarulis wyalobiT qristianuli siyvaruli sxva nebismier adamianSi qristes
isinic qristes mier cxovelni (cocxalni) arian da rogor xilvis “SeuZlebeli SesaZleblobaa”. RmerTma Tavisi
cdebian, rogor uimedod cdebian is dasavleli qristia- idumali gangebiT, SesaZloa sul ramdenime wamiT ineba am
nebi, romlebsac gardacvlilTaTvis locva kanonieri adamianis Semoyvana Cems cxovrebaSi ara “keTil saqmeSi” an
“Rvawlisa” da “anazRaurebis” Sesaxeb moZRvrebamde filantropiaSi savarjiSod, aramed rogorc TviT
dahyavT, an ubralod uaryofen mas usargeblobis sababiT. RmerTTan samaradiso urTierTobis dasawyisi. sinamdvi-
xorcielis SabaTs gardacvlilTa sulebis mosaxsenebeli leSi, swored siyvarulia is idumali Zala, romelic sxva
RvTismsaxureba (parastasi) nimuSia yvela sxva msgavsi adamianSi yovelive garegnulisa da SemTxveviTis - misi
xasiaTis locvisaTvis da aResruleba didi marxvis meore, garegnobis, socialuri mdgomareobis, eTnikuri warmo-
mesame da meoTxe SabaTsac. Sobis, inteleqturi unaris - gavliT aRwevs suls, adamianu-
xorcielis kviriakis Tema, rogorc vTqviT, siyvarulia. ri arsebis erTaderT pirad fesvs, masSi RvTis nawilaks.
am dRis saxarebis sakiTxavad dadebulia macxovris igavi RmerTs yoveli adamiani uyvars, radganac mxolod igi
saSineli samsjavros Sesaxeb (mT. 23:31-46). ra kanonis mixed- icnobs suls - fasdaudebel da absolutur saunjes, adamia-
viT gangvsjis qriste, roca es dRe mova? igavi gvpasuxobs: nis pirovnebas, romelic man yvela adamians mohmadla.
siyvarulis kanoniT; ara anonimuri Raribebis mimarT amgvarad, qristianuli siyvaruli iqceva am saRvTo codnaSi
monawileobad da saRvTo siyvarulis niWad. siyvaruls ar qveyanaSi, romelic “borotsa zeda dgas”, es siyvarulis
SeuZlia iyos “upirovno”, radganac siyvaruli swored gamarjvebaa. eklesiis namdvili da WeSmariti misiaa -
pirovnebis saswaulebrivi gamocxadebaa erT adamianSi, gaaxsenos adamians es piradi siyvaruli da misi mowodeba,
piradisa da erTaderTisa, yovelive sazogadosa da raTa siyvaruliT aRavsos codvili qveyana.
Cveulebrivs Soris. es gamocxadebaa imisa, rac ki adamianSi saSineli samsjavros igavi qristianul siyvarulze
siyvarulis Rirsia, rac RvTis mieraa moniWebuli. mogviTxrobs. yoveli Cvengani araa mowodebuli imisaTvis,
am TvalsazrisiT, qristianuli siyvaruli zogjer rom “kacobriobisaTvis” iRvawos, magram yovel Cvengans aqvs
dapirispirebulia “socialur moRvaweobasTan”, romelTa- miRebuli qristesmieri siyvarulis niWi. Cven viciT, rom
nac mas dRes xSirad TviT qristianebi aigiveben. “socialu- yvela adamians sWirdeba es piradi siyvaruli, aRiareba misi
ri moRvawisaTvis” siyvarulis sagani “pirovneba” ki araa, piradi gansakuTrebuli sulisa, romelSic gansakuTrebu-
aramed adamiani, ganyenebuli erTeuli, romelic aranakleb lad airekleba RvTis mTeli qmnileba. Cven isic viciT, rom
ganyenebuli kacobriobidanaa aRebuli. amis sawinaaRmde- qveynad arseboben sneulni da mSierni, romelTac swored es
god, qristians uyvars adamiani, radgan igi pirovnebaa. piradi siyvaruli daakldaT. da, sabolood, isic viciT,
erTgan pirovneba adamianadaa miRebuli, meoregan adamiani rom, rac unda viwro da SezRuduli iyos Cveni sakuTari
ganixileba pirovnebad. socialur moRvawes pirovneba arseboba da misi SesaZleblobebi, yovel Cvengans akisria
sruliad ar ainteresebs, igi pirovnebas xSirad “sazogado pasuxismgebloba RvTis sasufevlis umcires nawilakze
interesebs” swiravs. arcTu usafuZvlod SeiZleba mogveCve- swored imis wyalobiT, rom Cven qristesmieri siyvaruli
nos, rom qristiani sakmaod skeptikuradaa ganwyobili gvaqvs moniWebuli. amgvarad, Cven gangvsjian imis mixedviT,
ganyenebuli kacobriobis mimarT, magram igi sakuTar Tavs miviReT Cvens Tavze es siyvaruli, Tu uarvyaviT igi.
Ralatobs da momakvdinebel codvas sCadis yovelTvis, radganac “ravdeni uyavT erTsa amas mcireTagansa ZmaTa
roca calkeuli pirovnebisaTvis zrunvasa da misdami siyva- CemTasa, igi me miyavT” (m. 25:40).
ruls ugulebelyofs. socialuri aqtivistis midgoma
yovelTvis futuristulia, igi yovelTvis samarTlianobis, 5. miteveba (yvelieris kviriake)
wesrigis, momavalSi misaRwevi sayovelTao bednierebis
saxeliT moqmedebs. qristianoba naklebad zrunavs gamouc- axla ukve ramdenime dReRa darCa didi marxvis
nobi momavlisaTvis, aramed mTels Tavis Zalas awmyoSi dasawyisamde. ukve xorcielis Svideulis ganmavlobaSi,
gadamwyvet momentze mimarTavs, roca saWiroa siyvarulis romelic mitevebis kviriakiT mTavrdeba, ori dRe -
gamovlineba. ori es midgoma erTmaneTs ar gamoricxavs, oTxSabaTi da paraskevi - ukve TiTqosda calke dgas, es ukve
magram maTi erTmaneTSi areva marTebuli araa. ueWvelia, sruliad “samarxvo” dReebia: am dReebSi, RvTismsaxurebis
rom qristianebi pasuxs ageben “miwieri cxovrebisaTvis” da tipikonis mixedviT, akrZalulia saRvTo liturgiis aRsru-
es pasuxismgebloba unda aRasrulon. magram socialuri leba da mTel RvTismsaxurebas ukve didi marxvis niSani
aqtivistis moRvaweoba mTlianad “miwier cxovrebaSia” atyvia. oTxSabaTs mwuxris locvaze igalobeba mSvenieri
moTavsebuli, qristianuli siyvarulis mizani ki “miwieri stiqaroni, marxvis Sesagebeblad:
cxovrebis” miRmaa. qristianuli siyvaruli TviTonaa RvTis 34
aRmobrwyinda sunneli are marx- dadga surnelovani gazafxuli
sasufevlidan momavali sxivi. is miwieri samyaros yvela
visa wmidisa, da yuavili sinan- wmida marxvisa; aRmocenda yvavili
SezRudvasa da pirobiTobas sZlevs, radganac RmerTSia
misi mamoZravebeli Zala, mizani da aRsruleba. Cvenc viciT, ulisaY, Zmano, aw ukue ganviwmid- sinanulisa; Zmano, yovelgvari
rom erTaderTi mudmivi da ganmaaxlebeli gamarjveba am neT Tavni TKsni yovelTa biwTa sibilwisagan ganviwmidoT Tavi;
da SeginebaTagan, da naTlisa mo- naTlis momcemels (RmerTs) uga- bevreulTa keTilTagan gamoviPu. davarRvie, da amiT mraval sikeTes
mcemelsa ugalobdeT da vTquaT: loboT da vTqvaT: dideba Senda, samoTxeo uwmideso, CemTKs dasxmu- movakldi. wminda samoTxev, CemTvis
didebaY Senda, mxoloo saxier da kacTmoyvareo! lo, da evaYs mier daPSulo, vi- gagaSena RmerTma, da evas gamo
kacTmoyuare. Tar-me gtirode Sen, anu vinRa Cameketa kari; vinRa momcems nebas,
yvelieris Svideulis SabaTi eZRvneba xsenebas “mamaTa da momces me yuavilTagan SenTa gan- kvlavac davtkbe Seni yvavilebiT!~
dedaTa, marxviTi mosagreobiT cxovnebulTa”: wmindanebi, ZRoma! amisTKsca macxovarman hrqua macxovarma ki anugeSa adami: `Cemi
romelTa magaliTs Cvenc unda mivsdioT, gvaswavlian Znel mas: qmnilisa mis PelTa CemTaYsa qmnilebis (e. i. Seni) daRupva ar
gzas, marxvisa da sinanulis Znel xelovnebas. Cven martoni ara mnebavs warwymedaY, aramed cx- msurs, aramed cxovreba da WeS-
ara varT marxvis dasawyisSi: “ganvadidebT wminda mamaTa orebaY da mecnierebasa WeSmarite- maritebis Semecneba; vinc CemTan
krebuls! antoni dids, eqvTime didsa da ZmaTa maTTa,
bisasa moslvaY, rameTu, romeli mova, ar gavaZeveb gareT~.
romelTac TavianTi cxovrebis gza ganvles samoTxis
sitkboebis msgavsad...” movides Cemda, ara ganvaZo gare.
Cven gvyavs Semweni da sanimuSo adamianebi: marxva gvaTavisuflebs codvis monobisgan, “soflisa
“Cven mowiwebiT vepyrobiT Tqvens magaliTs, wminda mamebo! amis” tyveobisagan. magram ukanaskneli kviris saxarebis
Tqven gvaswavleT WeSmariti gza, kurTxeul xarT Tqven, sakiTxavi am ganTavisuflebis pirobebze mogviTxrobs (mT.
radgan iRvaweT qristesTvis...” 6:14-21). pirveli piroba marxvaa: uari unda vTqvaT imaze,
da bolos dgeba ukanaskneli dRe, romelsac mitevebis rom Cveni dacemuli bunebis survilebi da moTxovnebi
kviriakes uwodeben. magram ar unda dagvaviwydes misi sxva, normalurad miviCnioT. unda vecadoT, gavaTavisufloT
liturgikuli saxelwodebac: “adamis eqsorobaA” (samoTxi- Cveni suli xorcisa da materiis diqtatisagan. magram imisa-
dan gandevna adamisa). es saxelwodeba marTlac rom marxvi- Tvis, rom Cveni marxva naRdi, namdvili iyos, igi ar unda
saTvis mzadebis Sejamebaa. axla viciT, rom adamiani samoT- iyos garegnuli, “saCvenebeli”. Cven marxulni unda
xeSi sacxovreblad iyo Seqmnili, raTa ecno RmerTi da gamovCndeT ara kacTa winaSe, aramed Cveni mamis winaSe,
masTan hqonoda urTierToba. codvam moswyvita igi am netar romelic TviTonaa dafaruli. marxvis meore piroba mite-
cxovrebas da misi dedamiwaze arseboba devnilebad iqca. vebaa. “ukueTu ara miutevneT kacTa Secodebani maTni, arca
qriste, qveynierebis macxovari, uxsnis samoTxis kars yvelas, mamaman Tquenman mogitevnes Tquen Secodebani Tquenni” (m.
vinc mas misdevs, eklesia ki RvTis sasufevlis mSvenierebas 6,15). codvis zeimi, misi ama soflad batonobis mTavari
gviCvenebs da Cvens cxovrebas zeciur samSobloSi niSani aris mtroba, uTanxmoeba, ciloba da siZulvili.
mogzaurobad aqcevs. amgvarad, didi marxvis dasawyisSi Cven amitom codvis simtkicis pirveli Seryevaa miteveba: unda
vemsgavsebiT adams: davubrundeT erTobas, Tanxmobasa da siyvaruls. RvTis
gasxivosnebuli mimtevebloba inaTebs Cemsa da Cems “mters”
ganidevna adam samoTxisagan cnobadis xis nayofis gemos gas- Soris, Tu vapatieb. miteveba adamianuri urTierTobis
gemoYsxilviTa miT xisaYTa da mj- injviT adami ganidevna samoTxi- yvela angariSgebis uaryofasa da misi qristesadmi gadaba-
domare winaSe edemisa, hgodebda dan. edemis winaSe mdgomare saco- rebas niSnavs. miteveba RmrTis sasufevlis namdvili Zleva-
mosili SeRwevaa Cvens dacemulsa da codvil qveynierebaSi.
PmiTa sawyalobeliTa da ityoda: davi xmiT qviTinebda da ambobda:
didi marxva realurad am kviradRis mwuxris locvidan
O raYRa SememTxua ubadruksa; erTi òh, es ra SememTxva me ubedurs! iwyeba. da swored am Tavisi Rrma mniSvnelobiT erTaderTsa
mcnebaY Seuracx-vyav meufisaY, da meufis (RmerTis) erTi mcneba da mSvenier mwuxrs Cvens mraval eklesiaSi ar ixdian! magram
am mwuxrze ukeTesad araferi gviCvenebs didi marxvis daukvirdiT am galobis gansakuTrebul hangs, sulis am
“ganwyobas” marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi, masze ukeTesad Zaxils, romelic uecrad avsebs eklesias - “SeWirvebuli da
arafers SevyavarT marxvis mosagreobaSi. arsad ase ar mwuxare var”, - da mixvdebiT didi marxvis sawyis wertils,
igrZnoba marxvis Rrma mowodeba adamianis mimarT. sasowarkveTilebisa da imedis, sibnelisa da naTlis idumal
RvTismsaxureba iwyeba rogorc sadResaswaulo mwuxri. narevs. samzadisi dasrulebulia. me vdgavar RvTis, misi
RvTismsaxurebs naTeli Sesamoseli mosavT. dasdebeli “ufa- sasufevlis didebisa da mSvenierebis winaSe. me Segnebuli
lo RaRadvyavsa zeda” momaval marxvas gvauwyebs, mis Semdeg maqvs Cemi siaxlove am sasufevelTan, Segnebuli maqvs, rom
ki - aRdgomis dResaswaulis moaxloebas: sxva saxli, sxva sixaruli da sxva mizani ar gamaCnia. magram
brwyinvaled SevitkboT marxva, brwyinvaled daviwyoT marxvis me isic maqvs Segnebuli, rom gandevnili var am sasufev-
lidan codvis sibnelesa da sevdaSi. amitomac vglovob! da
hoY Zmano, da RuawlTa ZlierTa Jami, Zmebo; veswrafoT sulier
sabolood, me Segnebuli maqvs, rom mxolod RmerTs ZaluZs
viwyoT moswrafed, da wmida-vyoT Rvawls; ganviwmidoT suli da xorci; am glovaSi Cemi Sewevna, mxolod mas SeuZlia Cemi sulis xsna
suli PorcTa Tana, da vimarxoT Tavi SevikavoT ara marto saW- da cxovneba. sinanuli ki, upirveles da umetes yovlisa,
Cuen yovelTave vnebaTagan, viTarca- melTagan, aramed yofelgvari vneb- aris am saRvTo Sewevnis mxurvale vedreba.
igi WamadTagan vimarxavT, da viSueb- isaganac; davtkbeT sulieri saT- wardgoma xuTgzis meordeba. da aha, didi marxvac dadga!
deT saTnoebaTa Sina RmrTivsuli- noebiT da, maT mier srulqmnilni, naTeli samosi Savi samarxvo samosiT icvleba, qreba taZris
kaSkaSa ganaTeba. roca mRvdeli an diakoni mwuxris kvereqss
erTa, romelTa mier Rirs-viqmn- Rirsi gavxdeT qriste macxovris
iwyeben, mgalobelni ukve samarxvo xmaze pasuxoben. pirve-
neT xilvad yovladwmidaTa vneba- vnebisa da misi didebuli da cx- lad ikiTxeba efrem asuris samarxvo locva didi metanie-
Ta qristes mPsnelisaTa, da cxov- ovelmyofeli aRdgomis xilvisa; biT. RvTismsaxurebis bolos mlocvelebi mitevebis TxovniT
elsmyofelsa da didebulsa aRdgo- movipovoT sulieri sixaruli da, jer mRvdelTan midian, Semdeg ki erTmaneTs sTxoven miteve-
masa missa, da sulierad vixareb- sinanulis samkauliT gamSvenebulni, bas. am dros, roca es mitevebis wesi sruldeba, radganac
deT da vdResaswaulobdeT zecisa vidResaswauloT zecis ZalebTan swored am siyvarulis, erTianobisa da Zmobis aqtiT iwyeba
didi marxva, gundi saaRdgomo sagaloblebs galobs. win
ZalTa Tana, ganSuenebulni sinan- erTad.
gvidevs ormocdRiani gza marxvis udabnoSi, magram am
uliTa. udabnos bolos ukve brwyinavs saaRdgomo naTeli, qristes
amas, Cveulebriv, mosdevs Sesvla da “naTelo mxiarulos” sasufevlis elvareba.
galoba. amis Semdeg mRvdeli adis maRal dasajdomelze
trapezis maxloblad da acxadebs mwuxris wardgomas, rome- Targmna
lic yovelTvis Tan axlavs erTi dRis dasasrulsa da eqvTime koWlamazaSvilma
meoris dasawyiss. am mwuxris Jams, marxvis dasawyiss gva-
uwyebs didi wardgoma:
nu gare-miiqcev pirsa Sensa monisa nu Seibruneb pirs Seni monisa-
Senisagan, rameTu mWirs me; msTu- gan, ufalo, radgan SeWirvebuli
ad Segesemin Cemi, moxeden sulsa da mwuxare var; mswrafl Seismine
Cemsa, da ganarine igi. Cemi, moxede Cems suls da gadaar-
Cine igi.
38 moZRvreba Tormeti mociqulisa 39
saqme unda gvqondes uaxloes saukuneebSi Sesrulebul

TargmanTan da ara adrindel versiasTan (k. kekeliZe, dasax.
Sroma, gv. 560). am azrisken ixreba i. kvaWaZec (ix. i. kvaWaZe,
SeniSvnebi `didaqes~ qarTuli Targmanis Sesaxeb,
literaturuli Ziebani, 111, Tb. 1947; gv. 375-377). es
sakiTxi, rogorc Cans specialur Seswavlas moiTxovs.
radganac didaqe warmoadgens adreqristianuli
`didaqes~ Sesaxeb mwerlobis umniSvnelovanes Zegls, mociqulTa kalmiT
gasurnelebuls, mizanSewonilad miviCnieT qarTvel
adreqristianuli periodis Zeglebidan gansakuTrebuli morwmuneTaTvis gagvecno igi. qvemore Targmani `didaqes~
Rirebulebisaa uflis mowameTa avtorobiT pativdebuli qarTulad ametyvelebis mokrZalebuli cdaa. Targmani
Sroma “moZRvreba Tormeti mociqulisa” ()4*"PZ JfL *j*gi" Sesrulebulia `didaqes~ uaxlesi kritikuli gamocemidan:
"B@FJ`8T<), romelic specialur literaturaSi `didaqes~ La Doctrine des Douze Apotres (Didache), intr., texte, traduction, notes,
()4*"PZ-moZRvreba) saxeliTaa cnobili. dReisaTvis appendice et index par W. Rordorf, A. Tuilier, Paris 1978.
dadgenilad iTvleba, rom es Zegli mociqulTa epoqas
ekuTvnis da warmoadgens gardamaval safexurs àxali
aRTqmidan~ apostolur mamebamde.
`didaqe~ Semogvinaxa erTaderTma xelnawerma (Hieroso- moZRvreba
lymitanus-54), romelic 1873 wels aRmoaCina mitropolitma Tormeti mociqulisa
filoTeos brienniosma konstantinopolSi. xelnaweri 1887 (moZRvreba uflisa Tormeti mociqulis mier
wels ierusalimSi iqna gadatanili. igi specialurad warmarTTa mimarT)
Seiswavla a. papadopulo-kerameusma. xelnaweri gadana-
xulia 1056 wlis 11 ivniss leonis mier, romlis avtobio- I. 1. gza aris ori: erTi sicocxlisa da erTi sikvdilisa.
grafiac darTulia TviT xelnaweris bolos.
am or gzas Soris didi sxvaobaa.
aRniSnuli Txzuleba adre qarTul enaze, rogorc Cans,
2. sicocxlis gza amgvaria: pirvelad Seiyvare RmerTi,
Targmnili ar yofila. a. harnaki varaudobda, rom èvstaTi Semoqmedi Seni (2 sj. 6:5; zir. 7:30; mT. 22:37). meored-
mcxeTelis martvilobis~ avtors dekalogis anu aTi moyvasi Seni, rogorc sakuTari Tavi (lev. 19:18; mT 22:39).
mcnebis gadmocemisas unda exelmZRvanela `didaqeTi”, es yvelaferi is, rac ar gsurs, rom SegemTxves Sen, arc Sen
mosazreba k. kekeliZes damajereblad ar miaCnia (k. SeamTxvio sxvas (tob. 4:15; mT. 7:12; l. 6:31).
kekeliZe, Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria, Tb. 1980, 3. am sityvaTa moZRvreba aseTia: akurTxeT Tqveni
gv. 514). damawyevrebi da iloceT Tqveni mtrebisaTvis, imarxuleT
1938 wels germanul JurnalSi Zeit. für die neutest. Wiss. XXXI, maTTvis, vinc gdevniT Tqven (maTe, 5:44; l. 6:28)1. ra madli
S. 111-116 daibeWda g. feraZis werili: Die Lehre der zwölf iqneba, Tuki SeiyvarebT Tqvens moyvarulebs? nuTu amasve ar
Apostel in der georgishen Ü bersetzung. werilis mixedviT irkveva, Svrebian warmarTebic (mT. 5:46-47; l. 6:32-33)? xolo Tqven
rom g. feraZisTvis vinme feiqriSvils miuwodebia SeiyvareT moZuleni Tqveni da ar geyolebaT mteri (mT. 5:44;
“didaqes~ qarTuli Targmanis mis mier gadmowerili piri. l. 6:27).
xsenebul Zegls Seexo k. kekeliZec, romlis azriTac
40 didaqe moZRvreba Tormeti mociqulisa 41
4. ganeSore xorciel da sxeulebriv survilebs (Sdr. 1 III. 1. Svilo Cemo, ganeSore yovelgvar siaves da
petr. 2:11). Tuki vinme marjvena ybaSi gagartyamT, miuSvi- yovelives, rac misi msgavsia.
reT mas meore (mT. 5:39; lk 6:29) da iqnebi sruli. Tu vinme 2. nu ganrisxdebi, radganac risxva daRupvisaken wagi-
erT milions2 gagarbeninebs, masTan erTad ganvle ori (mT. ZRveba; nu iqnebi Suriani, nurc mokamaTe, nurc gulmwyrali.
5:41). Tuki vinme mosasxams agarTmevs, uboZe mas perangic (mT. yvela maTgani sikvdils Sobs.
5:40; l. 6:29). Tu vinme Sengan rames waiRebs, aRar mosTxovo, 3. Svilo Cemo, nu aRivsebi gulisTqmiT, radganac
radganac ver ZalgiZs (Sdr. l. 6.30)3. gulisTqma siZvisaken wagiZRveba; nu iqnebi urcxvad-
5. yvelas, vinc ki gTxovs, miuboZe da aRar moTxovo (mT. metyveli, nurc urcxvadmWvreti, radganac maTgan Cndeba
5:42). mamas surs yvelas mianiWos Tavisi madli. netaria is, mruSoba.
vinc gascems Tanaxmad mcnebisa, radganac ar ganisjeba igi. 4. Svilo Cemo, nu iqnebi frinvelTgrZneuli5, radganac
vai mas, vinc TviT miiRebs; Tu movalea, rom miiRos, ar igi kerpTmsaxurebisken giwinamZRvrebs; nu Selocav, nu
ganisjeba; Tuki ar aris movale, ganisjeba imis gamo, ratom varskvlavTmetyveleb, nu ganwmed6, nurc isurveb, ixilo es
miiRo da ra mizniT. sapyrobileSi miyvanils gamohkiTxaven yovelive anda ismino maTTvis. kerpmsaxurebas Soben isini.
mis saqmeebs da manamde ar gauSveben, vidre ukanasknel 5. Svilo Cemo, nu icrueb, radganac sicrue qurdobisaken
kodratsac4 ar azRvevineben (mT. 5:26; l. 12:53). migiZRveba; nu iqnebi vercxlismoyvare, nurc cudmedidi,
6. amis Sesaxebac Tqmula: “gaioflos mowyaleba Seni Sen- radganac maTgan qurdoba Cndeba.
save xelebSi, vidre Seicnob Tu visTvis gascem~ (zir. 12:1). 6. Svilo Cemo, nu drtvinav, radganac drtvinva
avsityvaobisken giwinamZRvrebs. nu iqnebi Tavmomwone, bo-
rotmzraxveli, radganac maTgan avsityvaoba ibadeba.
II. 1. moZRvrebis meore mcneba: 7. iyavi mSvidi, radganac “mSvidTa daimkvidron qveyana~
2. ara kla (gamosvl. 20:15; 2 sj. 5:18), ara imruSo (fs. 36:11; mT. 5:5).
(gamosl. 20:3; 2 sj. 5:17), ar miece mamaTmavlobas, siZvas, 8. iqmen sulgrZeli, gulmowyale, uboroto, wynari,
parvas (gamosl. 20:14; 2 sj. 5:19), grZneulebas, mewamleobas keTili; maradis Zrwode im sityvaTagan, romlebic gesma (es.
(2 sj. 18:10). ar mokla Cvili naadrevi SobiT, arcTu naSobi 66.2).
moakvdino; nuraferi gwadia Seni moyvasisa (gamosvl. 20:17; 9. nu aimaRleb Tavs; nurc kadnierebas miscem Sens suls.
2 sj. 5:21). TavmoTnebs nu SeuerTdeba Seni suli; marTalTa da
3. nu miscem amao fics (mT. 5:33), crud nuravis mdabalTa Soris imyofebode.
daemowmebi (gamosvl. 20:16; 2 sj. 5:20), nu borotmetyveleb 10. yvelaferi, rac SegemTxveva, miiTvale, rogorc
(mT. 15:4), nuRar gaxsovs cudi (igav. 12:28). keTili da icode, rom RvTis gareSe arara xdeba.
4. nu iqnebi orguli da orenovani (zir. 5:9; 5:14; 6:1),
radganac orenovneba maxea sikvdilisa (tob. 14:10; fs. 17:6; IV. 1. Svilo Cemo, vinc RvTis sityvas giqadagebs,
igav. 14:27; 21:6). moixsene igi dReca da Ramec; pativi miage mas, rogorc
5. nu iqneba Seni sityva cru da litoni, aramed _ saqmiT ufals: sadac meufeba iqadageba, iqvea ufalic.
aRsavse. 2. dRiTidRe eZie pirni wmidaTani, rom Sveba mogces
6. nu iqnebi nayrovani, xarbi, pirmoTne, mzakvari, anda maTma sityvebma.
gorozi. nu ganizraxav borots Seni moyvasisaTvis. 3. nu qmni ganxeTqilebas; daamSvide modaveebi; simarT-
7. ar SeiZulo arcerTi kaci; erTni amxile, meoreTaTvis liT saje da nu miiReb iseT saxes, TiTqos amxileb cTomaTa
iloce. sxvani ki Seiyvare Sens sulze metad.
gamo. SeucniaT; ganeltvian sikeTes da marTlmsajulebas; keTi-

4. nu ieWveb, ase iqneba Tu ara. lis wil siborotes eSurebian. Sors arian maTgan simdable
5. nu gaSli xelebs, raTa miiRo, da nu Sekrav, raTa ar damoTmineba; amaoebis moyvarulni misagebels ganiSoreben;
gasce (zir. 4.31). ar iwyaleben dacemulebs, ar zrunaven damaSvralTaTvis,
6. Tuki mas gascem, rac Senive xeliT moipove, gamoisyidi ver SeucniaT Semoqmedi;
Sensave codvebs. CvilTa mkvlelebi, saRvTo Sesaqmis gamxrwnelebi, rom-
7. gacemis Jams, nu SeeWidebi da nuRar drtvinav, lebic ukumiaqceven maTdami mTxovnels; codviT savseni
rodesac gascems; Seicnob mas, vinc keTilad mogizRavs Wirveulebs Seaurveben, mdidrebs icaven, arasaqmosnebs
kuTvnils (igav. 19.17). urjulod sjian. ganSordiT, Svilno, yvelafer amgvars.
8. nu gaabruneb gaWirvebuls (zir. 4.5). Sensave moZmes
uwilade yovelive; arki uTxra: Cemia es yvelaferi. Tu VI. 1. gafrTxildi, vinmem ar agacdinos gzas moZRvre-
ziarni xarT ukvdavebaSi, ramdenad ufro mokvdavTa bisas. RvTis gareSe gaswavlis igi.
Soris? 2. Tuki ZalgiZs, rom srulad itvirTo uflis uReli,
9. xels nu aaReb (yuradRebas nu moakleb) Sens Zes Tu sruli iqmnebi (mT. 11:29). Tuki es ar ZalgiZs, rac ZalgiZs,
asuls; siyrmidanve Seaswavle maT SiSi RvTisa. is qmen.
10. monas Tu mxevals, romlebic imav RmerTs sasooben, 3. xolo Wamadi, rogorc ZalgiZs, ise itvirTe. kerpSewi-
gamkacrebiT nu umbrZanebleb, rom ar dakagon zena RvTis ruls friad ekrZale, radganac msaxurebaa mkvdari
SiSi, radgan RmerTi maTTan modis, visi sulic TviT Seamza- RmerTebis (saqm. 15:29).
da, pirispir ki aravis uxmobs.
11. Tqven ki monebo, krZalviT da SiSiT morCilebdeT VII. 1. naTlisRebisaTvis:
Tqvensave ufalT, viT saxes RvTisas. ase monaTleT: roca warmoTqvamT yvelafers amas,
12. gZuldeT yoveli pirmoTneoba, yovelive rac ar saxeliTa mamisa, Zisa da suliwmidisa mdinari wyliT naTeli
Tnavs ufals. eciT (Sdr. maTe 18.19).
13. ar daiviwyo uflis mcnebebi da rac miiRe, daimarxe; 2. Tuki ara gaqvs mdinari wyali, monaTle sxva wyliT.
arcra Semato, arcra daaklo (2 sj. 4:2; 13:1). Tuki ver ZalgiZs, rom civi iyos, TbilSi monaTle.
14. eklesiaSi aRiare cTomani Seni; boroti guliT nu 3. Tuki arc erTi gaqvs, arc meore samgzis daasxi Tavze
Sexval locvad. saxeliTa mamisa, Zisa da suli wmidisa (Sdr. mT. 28:19).
ai, es aris gza sicocxlisa. 4. naTlisRebamde unda imarxulon naTlismcemelmac da
naTlulmac, aseve sxvebmac, Tuki ZaluZT. naTluls ubrZane,
V. 1. sikvdilis gza ki amgvari aris: upirvelesad imarxulos erTi-ori dRe.
borotia es gza da wyevliT aRsavse: mkvleloba, mruSoba,
gulisTqma, siZva, qurdoba, kerpmsaxureba, grZneuleba, VIII. 1. pirmoTneTa marxulobas nu daemTxveviT. maTi
mewamleoba, taceba, crumowmeoba, pirmoTneoba, orguloba, marxva orSabaTsa da xuTSabaTs xvdeba; Tqven imarxuleT
mzakvroba, ampartavneba, siave TavmoTneoba, nayrovaneba, oTxSabaTsa da paraskevs.
urcxvadmetyveleba, moSurneoba, kadniereba, gorozoba, 2. nu ilocebT ise, rogorc pirmoTneebi, aramed,
mediduroba, ukrZalveloba. rogorc ufalma brZana saxarebaSi, ase iloceT:
2. keTilTa mdevnelni, WeSmaritebis moZuleni, sicruis mamao Cveno, romeli xar caTa Sina7,
moyvarulebi, romlebsac sazRauri simarTlisa ver wmida iyavn saxeli Seni,
movedin sufeva Seni, rac gagvicxade Seni Zis iesus mier.

iyavn neba Seni, dideba Senda ukunisamde!
viTarca caTa Sina, egreca qveyanasa zeda. 3. Sen, ufalo yovlismpyrobelo,
puri Cveni arsobisa momec Cven dRes dabade yoveli saxelisa SenisaTvis
da momiteven Cven Tananadebi Cveni, sazrdeli da sasmeli mianiWe adamianebs,
viTarca Cven mivutevebT TanamdebTa maT CvenTa, raTa iSvebdnen da Sen gmadlobdnen;
da nu Semiyvaneb Cven gansacdelsa, Sen ki mogvmadle sulieri sazrdel-sasmeli,
aramed mixsen Cven borotisagan (mT. 6.9-13; l. 11.2-4). da saukuno sicocle Seni Zis iesus mier!
rameTu Seni ars Zali da dideba, ukuniTi ukunisamde! 4. gmadlobT Sen yvelafrisaTvis, radganac Zlier xar
3. dReSi samgzis iloceT ase, Sen!
dideba Senda ukunisamde!
IX. 1. evqaristiisaTvis: 5. moixsene, ufalo, eklesia Seni da ixsen igi
ase madlobdeT: yovelgvari borotisagan,
2. upirvelesad, sasmisis gamo: Sens siyvarulSi srulyavi igi
gmadlobT Sen, mamao Cveno, da wmidaqmnili oTxiv qarisgan Semokribe
daviTis, Seni msaxuris, wmida venaxisaTvis, sasufevelSi,
romelic gagvicxade Seni Zis, iesus mier. romelic masve ganumzade;
dideba Senda ukunisamde! rameTu Seni ars Zali da dideba ukunisamde!
3. puris gantexvisaTvis: 6. movides madli da gardavides es samyaro
gmadlobT Sen, mamao Cveno osana RmerTsa daviTisa (mT. 21:9; 21:15)!
sicocxlisa da codnis gamo Tuki wmidaa vinme, movides!
romelic gagvicxade Seni Zis, iesus mier. da Tu ar aris _ Seinanos!
dideba Senda ukunisamde! maranaTa (1 kor. 16:22)!
4. rogorc es puri, mTebze mimofantuli, amin
Seikriba da erTi gaxda, 7. winaswarmetyvelT neba darTeT, aRavlinon
amgvaradve Seikribos kidiT-kide eklesia Seni samadlobeli, ramdenic surdeT.
sasufevelSi,
rameTu Seni ars dideba da Zali iesu XI. 1. vinc TqvenTan mova da gaswavliT yvelafer imas,
qristes mier ukunisamde! rac zemoT iTqva, miiReT igi.
5. aravin Wamos, aravin Sesvas Tqveneuli evqaristia Tu 2. iqneb moZRvari TviT miiqces sxva swavlebisaken. Tu
ara, iman, vinc naTeliRo uflis saxeliT. amis Sesaxeb Tqva Tqvens warwymedas cdilobs igi, araferi isminoT misi,
ufalma: ` nu miscemT ZaRlebs, mas rac wmidaa~ (mT. 7:6). magram Tu surs, kidev ufro SegematoT simarTle da codna
uflisa, SeiwynareT, rogorc ufali.
X. 1. avsebis Semdeg ase madlobdeT: 3. mociqulebisa da winaswarmetyvelebis mimarT saxare-
2. gmadlobT Sen, wmidao mamao, bis mcnebis Tanaxmad imoqmedeT.
Seni wmida saxelis gamo, 4. yoveli mociquli, vinc TqvenTan mova, SeiwynareT
Cvens gulSi rom daamkvidre; rogorc ufali.
_ codnis, rwmenis, ukvdavebis gamo, 5. ar darCeba igi erT dReze ufro metad (Tu saWiroa _
momdevno dResac) da Tu sami dRiT dayovndeba, cru- lisa (Sdr. mT. 10:10; 1 tim. 5:18).
winaswarmetyveli iqneba igi. 2. aseve, WeSmariti moZRvari, rogorc muSaki, Rirsia
7. nu gamocdiT da nu gansjiT winaswarmetyvels, Tavisi sazrdelisa.
romelic sulis mier gemetyvelebaT, radganac yoveli 3. rasac ki SekrebT sawnaxelSi Tu kaloze, saqonlis
codva mieteveba kacs da es codva ar mieteveba (maTe 12.31). jogSi Tu cxvris faraSi, winaswarmetyvelT miuboZeT
8. yvela, vinc sulis mier metyvelebs, winaswarmetyveli pirvelnayofi. mRvdelmTavrebi arian isini TqvenTvis.
ver iqneba, Tu uflis wesebs ar flobs igi. swored wesTa- 4. Tuki ara gyavT winaswarmetyveli, uboZeT glaxakT.
gan Seicnoba cruwinaswarmetyveli da winaswarmetyveli. 5. Tu purs moiwev, gamoiRe pirvelnayofi da mcnebisa-
9. yovelma winaswarmetyvelma, romelmac sulis mier mebr gaeci igi.
ganawesa trapezi, ar Wamos misgan; da Tu SeWams, cru- 6. roca Tavs axdi Rvinis WurWels anda zeTisas,
winaswarmetyveli yofila igi. pirvelTavi gamoiRe da uboZe winaswarmetyvelT. vercxlis
10. yoveli winaswarmetyveli, romelic WeSmaritebas fulis, samoselis, mTeli qonebis pirvelTavi ise aiRe,
aswavlis magram, Tavad ar moqmedebs ise, rogorc aswavlis, rogorc isurveb, da gaeci mcnebis Tanaxmad.
cruwinaswarmetyvelia igi.
11. Tqven ki nu gansjiT im gamocdilsa da WeSmarit XIV. 1. uflis dRes (kviradRes) SeikribeT, gantexeT
winaswarmetyvels, romelic eklesiis amqveyniuri saidum- puri da aRavlineT samadlobeli; aRiareT Secodebani, rom
los Tanaxmad moqmedebs, magram aravis aswavlis imas, rasac wminda iyos msxverpli Tqveni.
Tavad iqms. RvTisagan ganisjeba igi; amasve Svrebodnen 2. vinc eqiSpeba Tavis moyvass, vidre dacxreba, nu mova
Zveli winaswarmetyvelebic. TqvenTan, rom ar Sebilwos msxverpli Tqveni.
12. vinmem Tu giTxraT sulis mier: `momeciT vercxli”, an 3. ufalma es Tqva: yovel adgilas da yovel Jams Semom-
sxva amgvari, araferi isminoT misi; SeWirveulTaTvis wireT me wminda msxverpli. meufe var didi, _ ambobs ufali
misacemad nu getyviT amas, nu ganikiTxavT. _ saxeli Cemi sakvirvelia warmarTTa Soris~ (mal. 1:11).
XII. 1. vinc TqvenTan mova uflis saxeliT, SeiwynareT; XV. 1. daadgineT TqvenTvis episkoposebi da diakvnebi,
Semdeg gamocdiT mas da SeicnobT, radganac iciT Tqven Rirsni uflisa, kacni mSvidni da uvercxloni, WeSmaritni
garCeva marjvenisa da marcxenisa. da gamocdilni. rom winaswarmetyvelTa da moZRvarTa li-
2. Tuki mosuli mgzavria vinme, SeewieT, rogorc turgia amsaxuron maTac Tqvens Soris.
SegeZloT. ar dayovndeba igi TqvenTan an Tu dasWirda, 2. ar moiZagoT isini, radganac Tqvens mier winaswar-
daixanebs ori-sami dRe. metyvelTa da moZRvarTa darad arian pativdebulni.
3. Tuki isurvebs TqvenTan yofnas da Tu xelobac 3. amxileT erTurTi magram ara risxviT, aramed
exerxeba, iSromos da ise Wamos. dawynarebiT, rogorc Tqmula saxarebaSi. xma ar gasceT mas,
4. Tuki ara aqvs ram xeloba, gonivrulad ganWvriteT vinc sxvas acdens; arc araferi isminoT misi, vidre TviT ar
misTvis: aravin iyos qristiani Tqvens Soris uqmad. moinaniebs.
5. Tu ar isurvebs amgvar yofas, qristemovaWre yofila 4. Tqveni locvebi, mowyalebani da yvelaferi, rasac
igi. ekrZaleT mas. SvrebiT, imgvarad qmeniT, rogorc ufalma dagviwesa
saxarebaSi.
XIII. 1. yvela WeSmariti winaswarmetyveli, romelic XVI. 1. ifxizleT Tqveni cxovrebisaTvis. nu Caqreba
TqvenTan damkvidrebas moisurvebs, Rirsia Tavisi sazrde- Tqveni sanTlebi, nurc sartylebi SemogerRvevaT (l. 12:35);
ganemzadeniT! aravin icis, rodis mova ufali Cveni (maTe sTxovs igi daxmarebas. Sesabamisad, Tuki vinme rames
24.42). waarTmevs qristians, igi warTmeulis ukan dabrunebas ver
2. xSirad da xSirad SeikribeT; gamoeZieT umjobesi SeZlebs.
Tqveni sulisa. verafers gargebT Tqveni rwmenis mTeli wina 4. `kodrati~ igivea, rac laTinuri quadrans (udris 3
dro, Tu ar iqnebiT srulyofilni bolo JamisTvis. uncias = 81,86 g).
3. bolo dReebSi cruwinaswarmetyvelebi da gamxrwne- 5. vinc frinvelTa frenis mixedviT mkiTxaobs.
lebi gamravldebian; Seicvlebian cxvrebi mglebad, siyvar- 6. rogorc Cans, igulisxmeba cecxliT ganwmeda.
uli ki siZulvilad gadaiqceva (mT. 24:11-12). 7. saxarebiseuli mravlobiTi `caTa Sina~ `didaqeSi~
4. ganivrcoba urjuloeba (mT. 24:12) da erTmaneTs mxolobiTiTaa warmodgenili.
moiZageben; gandevnian da gascemen erTurTs (mT: 24:10). 8. miiCneven, rom `caSi gavrcoba~ moaswavebs jvars,
swored maSin gamoCndeba qveynismacduri, rogorc Ze romlis ganfenili mklavebi Semoswers mTel samyaros.
RvTisa, da hyofs igi niSnebsa da saswaulebs (mT. 24:24). 9. aq wydeba teqsti, darCenili nawili miaxloebiTi
miwac mis xelebs miecema. imgvar urjuloebas aRasrulebs sizustiT SeiZleba aRdges cnobili adreqristianuli Zeg-
qveynismacduri, rac ar qmnila saukunidan (Sdr. iovel. 2:2). lis `mociqulTa ganwesebebis~ mixedviT, rac `didaqes~
5. gamocdis cecxls miecema kacTa arseba. bevri maTgani bolo nawilis aseT parafrazs gvawvdis:
`da maSin mova ufali _ miwisZvris Jams `RrubelTa zeda~
Secdeba da wariwymideba, xolo vinc rwmeniT ganmtkicdeba,
(1 Tes. 4:16), sameufo taxtze angelozTa Soris, romlebic
gamoixsneba wyevlisagan (Sdr. mT. 24:13; 10:22).
misi Zalisagan arian da yvela wmindani mis gverdiT (iqneba);
6. WeSmaritebis niSndebac swored maSin gamovlindeba:
da gansjis igi qveynismacdur eSmaks da saqmis mixedviT
upirvelesad, es iqneba niSani caSi gavrcobisa8, Semdeg _ miagebs yvelas (Sdr. mT. 16:27); maSin ganidevneba yvela
niSani sayvirTa xmisa (mT. 24:31), xolo mesame _ mkvdarTa boroti saukuno satanjvelSi, xolo marTalni saukuno
aRdgoma, _ cxovrebaSi Sevlen (mT. 25:46) da daimkvidreben mas, rac
7. ara yvelasi, aramed ise, rogorc Tqmula: mova ufali `Tualman ara ixila da yursa ara esma da guls kacisasa ara
da masTan erTad yvela wmindani (zaq. 14:5). mouxda, romeli ganumzada RmerTman moyuareTa TvisTa~ (1
8. maSin ixilavs samyaro ufals “momavalsa RrubelTa kor. 1:9) da ganixareben RvTis sasufevelSi, romelic aris
zeda cisaTa~ (mT. 24:30)9. iesu qristes Soris~.
Zveli berZnulidan Targmna

SeniSvnebi da komentarebi daurTo
ediSer WeliZem
1. SesaZloa, aq saubari exebodes ebraelTa kvireul
marxvas (orSabaTsa da paraskevs), rac dazustebulia
momdevno nawilSi: ix. Tavi VIII,1.
2. `milioni~ - sigrZis erTeuli.
3. bolo fraza `radganac ver ZalgiZs~, rogorc
ganmartaven, gulisxmobs Semdegs: WeSmariti qristiani
Zaladobas ar mimarTavs, arc warmarTTa sasamarTlos
50 moZRvris momzadebis Sesaxeb 51
iyos momzadebuli, rom zedmiwevniT farTo gonebrivi

Tvalsawieri hqondes, garegnulad ki zrdilobis, wesiere-
bisa da sazogadoebrivi urTierTobis unarCvevebi ar
akldes. rac Seexeba imas, rom gonebrivma da garegnulma
momzadebam moZRvars viTomcda, SeiZleba Seuryvnas an saer-
Todac daumsxvrios sulieri saWurWle, unda iTqvas, rom
arqimandriti kvipriane kerni erTob mcirea im sulierebis fasi, kulturisa da mecnie-
rebis mikarebas rom ver itans. gvaxsovdes, marTlmadide-
beli suliereba arc ise myifea, rogorc bevrni SiSoben.
moZRvris momzadebis Sesaxeb* istorias Tu mivubrundebiT, vnaxavT, rom warsuli
uxvad gvTavazobs magaliTebs am sakiTxis jerovani
inteleqtualuri momzadeba ganmartebisTvis. marTlmadidebeli RvTismetyvelebis
klasikuri epoqis mamebi - kapadokielebi, wminda aTanase,
am sakiTxSi, upirveles yovlisa, unda vZlioT da wminda maqsime aRmsarebeli, patriarqi fotiosi, wminda
gadaWriT uarvyoT erTi Zalian mavne damkvidrebuli ioane damaskeli da sxva mravali - swored Tavisi epoqis
crurwmena - TiTqos inteleqtualuri momzadeba mRvdels ufarToesi inteleqtualuri kulturis warmomadgenlebi
araferSi sWirdebodes da vnebdes kidec, radgan es iyvnen. isini imdroindeli daxvewili elitis dones
viTomcda, simdables, locvas da sulierebas ewi-naaRm- Seeferebodnen. maTi naSromebi savsea ara marto saRmrTo
degeba. es erT-erTi yvelaze saxifaTo cdomilebaa gind werilisa da adrindel wminda mamaTa debulebebiT, aramed -
sazogadoebaSi, gind samRvdeloebaSi da, rac mTavaria, gareSe damowmebebiT, warmarT mweralTa citatebiT. isini
momaval moZRvarTa xelmZRvanelebs Soris. Cven ganzrax srulyofilad flobdnen filosofias, ritorikas, maTema-
davayeneT sakiTxi ise, rom momzadebis sami mxare gamovyaviT tikas, musikas, anu imas, rasac maSindeli pedagogikis eniT
ierarqiuli rigiT: sulieri, inteleqtualuri da an triviumi an kvadriviumi ewodeboda. sayuradReboa
garegnuli, raTa, upirveles yovlisa, erTxel da isic, rom Tumca isini udavo upiratesobas aZlevdnen
samudamod gadaWriT ganvacxadoT, rom sulieri momza- sulier momzadebasa da RvTismosaobas, mainc odnavac ar
debisa da sulieri miswrafebis gareSe mRvdeli mxolod SiSobdnen, rom saero ganaTleba rames daaklebda maTs
carieli bgeraa, Tavisive Tavis sawinaaRmdego ram, raRac sulierebas da RvTismosaobas. da marTlac, platons,
yalbi da uRirsi. amitom am konteqstSic kvlav dabe- aristoteles, homeross, virgiliuss da sxva maTnairebs
jiTebiT vamtkicebT: upirvelesi mniSvneloba uTuod rom icnobdnen, amiT maT arc simdable daklebiaT, arc
sulier momzadebas unda miekuTvnos da mere - yvelanair rwmena da arc locva. vinc odnav mainc CaRrmavebia patris-
sxvas. Tumca aqve xazi unda gavusvaT, rom sulieri tikas da wminda mamaTa nawerebi Tundac minis gamocemaSi
momzadeba arafriT ewinaaRmdegeba nebismier sxvagvar waukiTxavs, uTuod gancvifrebuli darCeboda imaTi
srulyofas - gonebrivs Tu garegnuls. Tanamedrove ganaTlebiT da maRali doniT, vis warmoCenasac obskuran-
sinamdvile gansakuTrebiT mZafrad moiTxovs, moZRvari ise tebad da miamitebad cdiloben. obskurantebad da miamite-
bad maT swored qristianobis mtrebi - lukiane, celsiusi
da iuliane saxavdnen, Tumca sinamdvileSi wminda mamebis
* gagrZeleba. dasawyisi #2. amonaridi wignidan: garegnuli anu inteleqtualuri momzadeba warmarTebsac
. ki akvirvebda. monastrebis wignTsacavebSi marto wmindan-
52 arqimandriti kvipriane kerni moZRvris momzadebis Sesaxeb 53
Ta cxovreba da asketikuri krebulebi ki ar inaxeboda. sityvas goniers, Caxeduls da dasabuTebuls. marTlmadide-

magaliTad, sainteresoa, rom wminda anastasi sineli, bel samRvdeloebas, mravali istoriuli da socialuri
daxvewili elinisti da Tavisi enis uzado mcodne, iseT mizezis gamo, saSualeba aklda da, Zalian xSirad, unaric
iSviaT gamoTqmebs xmarobs, marto evripides da aristofa- ar gaaCnda amgvari gavlenis mosaxdenad da kulturuli
nes sqolioebSi rom moiZeveba. amgvar enobriv wvrilmanebSi procesis saTaveSi Casadgomad.
rom erkveode, yuradRebiT unda gqondes wakiTxuli iseTi safrangeTSi sasuliero wodeba qmnida kulturosanTa
wignebi, romlebsac dRes albaT samonastro kiTxvisTvis klass da es klasi mas yurs ugdebda. safrangeTis akademiis
sruliad Seufereblad miiCneven. Tuki im epoqaSi samaswliani arsebobis manZilze ukvdavTa gundSi 120
plutarqesa da plotinis codna sasargeblo iyo, aqedan sasuliero piri iricxeboda (1789 wlis revoluciamde 105,
Cveni droisTvisac SeiZleba gamovitanoT daskvna. mere ki 15). akademiis am 120 ukvdavTa Soris 15 kardinali
Tanamedrove filosofiis, literaturis, mecnierebis da iyo, 33 episkoposi da arqiepiskoposi, 13 oratorianeli,
xelovnebis codna mxolod aamaRlebs mRvdels Tavisi erTi dominikeli (la-korderi), ramdenime iezuiti, sxvebi
samwysos TvalSi, romelsac surs moZRvrisganac gaigos ki - ubralo mRvdlebi. ruseTis mecnierebaTa akademias
rame kulturis ama Tu im movlenis Sesaxeb. TviT marTalia, 300 wliani ki ara, mxolod 200 wliani istoria
mRvdlisTvis ki amgvari codna mxolod gamosadegi iaraRi aqvs, magram mis rigebSic iyvnen cnobili sasuliero pirebi:
iqneba misionerul da apologetur saqmianobaSi. moZRvars mitropoliti filareti, mitropolitebi makari (bulga-
mxolod maSin SeuZlia samwysoze zemoqmedeba, rodesac kovi) da platon levSini, ramdenime mRvdeli (mama koCeto-
icis, riTi cxovroben mrevlis wevrebi, ra itacebT maT. vi, arqimandriti polikarp goitanikovi, mama gerasim
mRvdlis sulierebas arafers avnebs Tanamedrove filoso- pavski). cxadia, am wmindad formaluri niSniT ar Semoisa-
fiuri da literaturuli mimdinareobebis codna. erTxe- zRvreba sasuliero wreSi kulturul-aRmzrdelobiTi
lac gavimeorebT: arcTu didia im sulierebis fasi, romel- faqtori, magram romc ganvavrcoT es sazRvari, marTl-
sac filosofiis mikareba Seryvnis an literaturis codna madidebel samRvdeloebaSi mainc ver vnaxavT iseT
daakninebs. gavimeorebT sxva ramesac: mTels inteleqtua- gamocdil xelmZRvanels civilizaciis saqmeSi, rogorebic
lur momzadebaSi upirvelesad igulisxmeba TviT mRvdlis dasavleT evropaSi arian.
WeSmariti da Rrma suliereba. mRvdels ufleba ara aqvs mexsierebis didi daZabva ar Wirdeba im magaliTebis
inteleqtualuri momzadeba gamiwierebis sababad gamoiye- mosayvanad, romlebic mxolod adastureben, rom ganaTle-
nos. buli mRvdlebi amave dros arcTu ukanasknelni iyvnen
kargad unda gvaxsovdes, ra gavlenis moxdena SeuZlia sulier RvawlSi da samwyemso mzrunvelobaSi. sakmarisia
mrevlze kulturas. mRvdeli rom bedis anabara datovebs gavixsenoT daxvewili moazrovneebi - dekanozi Teodore a.
samwysos, ar izrunebs mis ganaTlebasa da aRzrdaze, aseTi golubinski, arqimandriti Teofane (avsenevi) da arqi-
samwyso advilad moeqceva gare gavlenebis qveS da episkoposi nikanori (brovkoviCi), cnobili sinologebi -
moZRvris keTilismyofeli gavleniT da xelmZRvanelobiT arqimandriti abakum Cestni da paladi (kafarovi),
ver gaizrdeba. xolo roca mRvdels Tanamedroveobis hebraisti mama gerasimi pavski, udidesi rusi bizanto-
mniSvnelovani sakiTxebisa araferi gaegeba, an xelaRebiT logebi, berZnulisa da rusulis uzado mcodneni - episko-
uaryofs yvelafers, rac misi RvTismsaxurebis, .da ele- posi porfiri (uspenski) da arqimandriti antonini (kapus-
mentaruli qadagebis farglebSi ar jdeba, aseT mRvdelTan tini). es ukanaskneli da misi Zma platon kapustini, Tavisi
arcerTi namdvilad kulturuli kaci ar miva. moZRvrisgan drois erT-erTi cnobili moskoveli moZRvari, kargi
yvela elodeba avtoritetul da wonian sityvas, oRond astronomebic iyvnen, mama platoni ki umaRles maTemati-
kaSic werda statiebs. miZinebis taZris ukanaskneli SuaSia.

protopresviteri (revoluciamde) mama n.a. lubimovi kargad unda gvaxsovdes, rom swored aseT epoqaSi,
rusuli sityvierebis magistri iyo da am sagans fiSeris rogoric Cvenia, roca eklesiis mtrebs mTeli Zalebi
cnobil gimnaziaSi aswavlida. imave gimnaziaSi sjulis- mobilizebuli aqvT masTan sabrZolvelad, kidev ufro
moZRvari gaxldaT mama i. fudeli, konstantin leontievis droulia iseTi moZRvrebis arseboba, romelTac ganaTleba
axlo megobari da Tavadac literatori. sazRvargareTis ar akliaT, mecnieruli momzadebis mxriv gamobrZmedili
rusi mRvdlebi germaniis, SvedeTis, espaneTisa da inglisis arian da yovelTvis SeuZliaT upasuxon Cvens sasoebas,
samecniero sazogadoebebis wevrebi gamxdaran. rogorc ityvis petre mociquli. moZRvrisgan Tavisi
ruseTis istorias aseTi magaliTic axsovs: dekanozi arakompetenturobis SiSneul (aqedan - viTomcda mdabal )
ioan mixeeviC pervuSini, permis guberniis sofel mexonskis aRiarebas ki ar moelian, aramed - ZalauflebiT morWmul,
eklesiis winamZRvari (gardaicvala 1900 w. 16 ivliss), wonian da marilian sityvas. Cvens samRvdeloebas ar sCvevia
Tavmdabali da mlocveli mRvdelmsaxuri, keTili da da arc survili aqvs, am sakiTxebSi xalxs uxelmZRvanelos.
mzrunveli moZRvari, amas garda, msoflio samecniero amitom gasakviri ar aris, rom rCeva-darigebisTvis xalxi
wreebSi saxelganTqmuli brwyinvale maTematikosic gaxl- eklesiisa da sulierebis gareT myof adamianebs mimarTavs.
daT. yazanis sasuliero akademiis damTavrebis Semdeg is samRvdeloeba SeiZleba bevriT daexmaros inteligencias
soflis eklesiaSi wavida da iq gaatara mTeli cxovreba. misTvis damaxasiaTebeli arasulierebisgan gankurnebaSi,
maTematikis araCveulebrivi niWiT dajildoebuli, Tavis Tuki amave inteligenciis interesebsa da Ziebebs
naSromebs mecnierebaTa akademias ugzavnida, icnobda ara dauaxlovdeba. Tanamedroveobas Tu gadavavlebT Tvals,
marto ruseTis, aramed dasavleTis gamoCenil maTe- vnaxavT, ramxela gavlena moaxdines sazogadoebaze
matikosebs. mis urTules naSromebs maTematikasa da mitropolitma antonim, mamebma s. bulgakovma, a. elCani-
ricxvTa TeoriaSi ruseTis mecnierebaTa akademiis jildo novma, g. spaskim. es gavlena imiT aixsneba, rom isini saero
mieniWa da dajildovebul iqna Cikagos maTematikuri literaturasac mSvenivrad icnobdnen, mecnierebasa Tu
kongresis da neapolis fizika-maTematikis sazogadoebis xelovnebaSic erkveodnen da azrovnebis mimdinareobebsac
mier. ricxvTa Teorias xeli ar SeuSlia misTvis kargi adevnebdnen Tvals.
mRvdeli yofiliyo. yvela epoqis saero codnaSi moiZebneba mRvdlisTvis
am CamonaTvalis gagrZeleba kidev SeiZleba. oRond sasargebloc da sazianoc. eklesiis mamebi platonisa da
mTavaria iTqvas, rom arc mecnierebaTa akademiis wevris homerosisagan imas iRebdnen, rac maT droSiac argebda
xarisxs, arc astronomiaSi, filosofiaSi Tu bizantino- suls, magram eridebodnen imas, rac warmarTul
logiaSi muSaobas, arc swavlulobisa da ganaTlebis raime kulturaSic gamxrwneli da uvargisi iyo. aq saqme ar exeba
sxva gamovlinebas xeli ar SeuSlia dasaxelebuli pirovne-
bebisTvis darCeniliyvnen mlocvelebad, SesaniSnav 1
gnosimaqia - me-7 saukunis eresi. gnosimaqebi uaryofdnen
moZRvrebad, mdabal monazvnebad da, rac mTavaria, udidesi yovelgvar swavlebas da wignier codnas. ambobdnen, rom RmerTi
sulieri zegavlena moexdinaT TavianT samwysoze.
Cvengan mxolod RvTismosav cxovrebas moiTxovs da sxvas arafers.
ar arsebobs meti sicrue da ciliswameba marTlmadide-
bel sulierebaze, vidre misi gaigiveba bneleTis moci- am dros ki saRmrTo werili gvaswavlis, rom RvTisSemecneba da
qulobasa da gnosimaqiasTan1. zogierTi sasuliero piris sityvis gamoyeneba kacis cxonebisTvis aris saWiro (ix. in. 5, lk. 16,
obskurantuli gemovneba arasgziT ar unda gavrceldes saqm. 8). g. diaCenko, ., 1993, gv.
TviT marTlmadideblobaze. marTlmadidebloba aq arafer 125 (reprinti).
ama Tu im saukunes, da safrTxe Tanadroulsa Tu ZvelSi ar des moZRvris locviTi ganwyobisa da wmindad sulieri
imaleba. Tavis droze (1858 wlis 27 agvisto) mitropoliti miswrafebebis xarisxiT. mRvdlis cxovrebisa da moRva-
filaret moskoveli werda: “Tanamedrove ideebs ebrZvian. weobis mizania sakuTari Tavisa da moyvasTa sulieri
magram nuTu marTlmadideblobisa da zneobis ideebi ukve aRSeneba. inteleqtualuri da saero momzadeba SeiZleba
aRar aris Tanamedrove? nuTu isini mxolod warsul droSi gamodges mxolod moZRvruli zemoqmedebis iaraRad da
darCnen? nuTu ukve Cven yvelani warmarTebi varT TviT mRvdlis Sinagani simdidris Semavseblad. mRvdels ar
mierTkacamde? dro ki ar aris damnaSave, aramed unda aSinebdes inteleqtualoba, magram Tavisi sulierebis
aramarTlmadidebeli da uzneo azrebi, zogierTebi rom sazianod misiT gatacebas yovelmxriv unda eridos, radgan
avrceleben. maSasadame, unda vebrZoloT aramarTlma- sulieri srulyofileba yovelTvis ufro Znelad
didebel da uzneo azrebs da ara Tanamedrove ideebs” misaRwevia, vidre gonebrivi, mxatvruli da mecnieruli.
( . t. 4, gv. 344). warsulis rogorc bevr sxva rameSi, aqac erTaderTi WeSmariti gza
dabrunebis survili TavisTavadac unayofoa da verc SuaSi gadis, ZalTa SeZlebisdagvarad srul harmoniasa da
dRevandelobis safrTxeTagan gvixsnis. ai, ras swerda wonasworobaze.
igive mitropoliti filareti arqimandrit antonis,
samebis lavris mosaydres (1839 w. 29 marti): ar SeiZleba
mecxramete saukune gadavaqcioT meoTxed an mexuTed, Targmna
vologdis gubernia ki - Tebeidad ( . zaza TvaraZem
t. 1, gv. 315). sxva rom araferi vTqvaT, ruseTis did
ganmanaTlebels mainc esmoda ganaTlebis sikeTe da mudamac
SeeZlo marTlmadideblobis dacva bneleTis mociqulobaSi
braldebebisgan. novgorodis mitropolit isidores igi
swers: ”tyuilad hgonia kritikoss, rom qristes
sarwmunoeba codnis mteria. is ar aris codnis mteri,
radgan ar aris uvicobis mokavSire” (
. t. 5, gv 48) .
rodesac am sakiTxs vexebiT, ar unda gamogveparos
SesaZlo safrTxec, mRvdels rom am gzaze udarajebs.
kulturulobis da wignierebis surviliT atacebuli
mRvdeli SeiZleba iolad dahyves gamiwierebis sacdurs da,
Tavisda SeumCnevlad, mcdarad Seafasos gonebrivi
faseulobebi. roca moZRvari kargavs TavisTvis umTavress,
erTaderT saWiros (“erTi ars saxmar”), roca sulierebas
saero interesebiT Caanacvlebs, roca literatura,
filosofia da mecniereba gamodevnian misi gulidan
locvas da samwysosadmi TanagrZnobas, es imas niSnavs, rom
Sinagani wonasworoba dairRva da moZRvari gzas ascda.
amitom amqveyniurTan Tanaziareba mudmivad unda mowmdebo-
58 qristianoba da civilizacia 59
moaxdina Tavis Tanamedrove filosofiur mimdinareobebze.

magram elinizmi mzad ar iyo, raime mainc daeTmo
eklesiisTvis. urTierToba, erTi mxriv, klimenti
aleqsandrielsa da origenes, xolo, meore mxriv, kelsussa
(celsussa) da porfirioss Soris tipiuria da damaxasiaTe-
beli. mTavar rols am konfliqtSi garegani brZola rodi
TamaSobda. gacilebiT ufro mZime da tragikuli iyo
Sinagani brZola: elinisturi tradiciis yoveli mimdevari,
nebsiT Tu uneblieT, im dros Sinagan ganxeTqilebas
dekanozi georgi florovski ganicdida. civilizacia sxvas arafers niSnavda, Tu ara
elinizms mTeli misi warmarTuli memkvidreobiT, azrovne-
qristianoba da civilizacia bis CvevebiTa da esTetikuri idealebiT. mravalricxovan
taZrebSi jer kidev Tayvans scemdnen elinizmis `mkvdar
VI saukunidan eklesiis cxovrebaSi axali epoqa iwyeba. RmerTebs~, bevri inteleqtuali jer kidev warmarTul
imperia, `mociqulTa swori~ keisris saxiT, qristianobas tradiciebs icavda. skolaSi siaruli im dros warmarTul
iRebs. eklesiisTvis damTavrda iZulebiTi izolaciis skolaSi siarulsa da warmarTi mwerlebisa da poetebis
periodi da man Tavis wmida TaRebqveS `cxovnebis~ (xsnis, Seswavlas niSnavda. iuliane gandgomili sulac ar iyo
gadarCenis) maZiebeli msoflio Seifara, magram msofliom Zvelmoduri meocnebe, romelic uimedod cdilobda mkvdari
eklesiaSi Tavisi eWvebi da cdunebebi miitana. idealebis restavrirebas. is iyo kulturuli winaaRmde-
ampartavnebisa da sasowarkveTis ucnauri nazavi batonobda gobis moZraobis warmomadgeneli, romelic jerac ar iyo
msoflioSi. eklesia mowodebuli iyo xalxs daxmareboda Signidan dangreuli. Zveli samyaros transformirebis
sasowarkveTisgan gaTavisuflebaSi da ampartavnebis process Tan axlda Tavganwiruli brZola. xdeboda
daTrgunvaSi. meoTxe saukune, mravali TvalsazrisiT, elinisturi adamianis mTeli Sinagani cxovrebis Zirfesviani
epilogi ufro iyo, vidre axali dRis ganTiadi. es ufro gardaqmna. es procesi nela da dramatulad mimdinareobda
mixrwnilebaSi gadasuli epoqis dasasruli iyo, vidre da, bolos, man Seqmna axali civilizacia, romelsac
WeSmariti dasawyisi. Tumca, xSirad xdeba xolme, rom SeiZleba bizantiuri civilizacia ewodos. aucilebelia
ferflidan axali civilizacia ibadeba. gacnobierebuli gvqondes, rom mravali aswleulis ganmav-
nikeis periodis ganmavlobaSi adamianTa umravleso- lobaSi arsebobda erTiani qristianuli civilizacia,
bisTvis droTa kavSiri dairRva da kulturis sferoSi romelic saerTo iyo aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTisaTvis,
saSineli disharmonia gamefda. erTmaneTs daupirispirda da rom es civilizacia aRmosavleTSi daibada da ganvi-
ori samyaro _ qristianoba da elinizmi. Tanamedrove Tarda. specifikuri dasavluri civilizacia gacilebiT
istorikosebi, rogorc wesi, jerovnad ver afaseben im gvian warmoiSva.
dros arsebuli dapirispirebis tkivilsa da konfliqtis TviT romi VIII saukuneSic ki jer isev sakmaod bizanti-
siRrmes. eklesia, principSi, ar uaryofda kulturas. uri iyo. bizantiuri epoqa, Tu TviT konstantinedan ara,
qristianuli kultura ukve Camoyalibebis procesSi imyofe- yovel SemTxvevaSi, Teodosidan mainc daiwyo da mwvervals
boda. garkveuli azriT, im droisaTvis qristianobas ukve miaRwia iustinianes dros. swored am droidan iwyeba
hqonda Setanili Tavisi wvlili elinisturi kulturis qristianuli kulturis gaazrebuli Seneba, rac imiT
saganZurSi. aleqsandriulma skolam mniSvnelovani gavlena mTavrdeba, rom igi sistemis saxes iRebs. axali kultura
60 georgi florovski qristianoba da civilizacia 61
grandiozuli sinTezi iyo, romelSic Sevida da erTmaneTs CamoaSora da warmarTuli skolebi daxura. es ar iyo
Seerwya warsulis yvela SemoqmedebiTi moZraoba da elinizmisadmi mtruli damokidebulebis gamovlena.
tradicia. es iyo àxali elinizmi~, magram _ elinizmi tradicia ar Sewyvetila. tradiciebi SenarCunebul iqna da
radikalurad qristianizebuli da, ase vTqvaT, `gaeklesiu- maTi kultivirebac ki xdeboda, magram isini CarTuli iqna
rebuli~. bevrs dRemde eWvi epareba am axali sinTezis qristianuli interpretaciis procesSi. swored es warmo-
qristianul arsSi: xom ar iyo es procesi mxolod `mZafri adgens bizantiuri kulturis arss. SeTvisebuli da axlebu-
elinizacia~ `bibliuri qristianobisa~, romelSic gamocxa- rad Sefasebuli iqna kulturis yvela ZiriTadi elementi.
debis mTeli siaxle ganqarda da daikarga? xom ar iyo es miRweuli warmatebis cocxal simbolod samudamod darCeba
axali sinTezi mxolod da mxolod SeniRbuli warmarToba, didebuli taZari wm. sibrZnisa, maradiuli sityvisa _ wm.
romelmac axali samosi Seimosa? amaSi darwmunebuli iyo sofias diadi saydari konstantinopolSi.
adolf harnaki. amJamad, miukerZoebeli samecniero qristianuli kulturis istoria sulac ar aris
Seswavlis Sedegad, Cven SegviZlia gadaWriT uarvyoT es idiliuri. ukve IV saukune warmoadgenda tragikul
gamartivebuli midgoma. is, rasac XIX saukunis istori- winaaRmdegobaTa epoqas. imperia qristianuli gaxda. gaCnda
kosebi `qristianobis elinizaciad~ aRwerdnen, sinamdvi- Sansi, gardaqmniliyo mTeli adamianuri SemoqmedebiTi
leSi, elinizmis moqceva ufro iyo. an ratom ar unda moRvaweoba. da mainc, swored am gaqristianebul imperiaSi
moqceuliyo elinizmi? qristianobis mier sakuTar wiaRSi iwyeba gaqceva: gaqceva udabnoSi. marTalia, calkeuli
elinizmis moTavseba ar iyo, ubralod, Znelad gadasamuSave- individebi ufro adrec, devnis epoqaSic tovebdnen qala-
beli warmarTuli memkvidreobis meqanikuri STanTqma; qebs, raTa dasaxlebuliyvnen udabnoSi an mTis gamoqvabu-
piriqiT, xdeboda elinisturi gulisa da gonebis WeSmariti lebSi. asketuri ideali didi xnis ganmavlobaSi yalibde-
gardaqmna. boda. saxeldobr, sulieri cxovrebis didi moZRvari iyo
ai, ra moxda sinamdvileSi: qristianuli gamocxadebis origene. oRond, Sesabamisi moZraoba mxolod konstantines
maxvilma Zlieri dartymiT gaapo elinizmi. daxSuli Semdeg iwyeba. didi usamarTloba iqneboda, gvefiqra, rom
horizonti gaqra. èlinistebi~ SeiZleba origenesa da is xalxi, vinc àm qveyanas~ tovebda, amas ìoli cxovrebis~
avgustinesac vuwodoT, magram aSkaraa, rom maTi elinizmi ZiebaSi akeTebda, raTa eriskacis cxovrebis siZneleebs
Zireulad gansxvavdeba plotinis an iulianes elinizmisgan. gaqceoda da misi mZime tvirTi ar etarebina. gaugebaria, ra
iulianes gankargulebaTa Soris qristianebisTvis yvelaze TvalsazrisiT SeiZleba daerqvas udabnoSi cxovrebas
mZime iyo dekreti, romelic maT mecnierebisa da xelovnebis ìoli~. Tumca, im dros dasavleTSi imperia nawilebad
swavlebas, pedagogobas ukrZalavda. faqtobrivad, es iyo iSleboda, mas emuqreboda barbarosTa Tavdasxmis seriozu-
dagvianebuli mcdeloba, gamoeTiSa qristianebi kulturis li safrTxe da amitom iq gansakuTrebiT Zlieri iyo
mSeneblobidan, daecva Zveli kultura qristianuli apokalifsuri ganwyobilebebi _ istoriis dasasrulis
gavlenisa da zewolisagan. swored es iwvevda eklesiis molodini.
kapadokieli mamebis Zlier gaRizianebas. wm. grigol amave dros, aRmosavleTSi imperia qmnadobis procesSi
nazianzeli iulianes winaaRmdeg mimarTul qadagebebSi did imyofeboda. aq ufro advili iyo danebebodi istoriuli
yuradRebas uTmobda am sakiTxs. wm. basili Tavs movaled optimizmis cdunebas _ RvTis sasufevlis dedamiwaze
Tvlida axalgazrdobisTvis miemarTa da aexsna `ra ganxorcielebis ocnebas. da marTlac, am ocnebam bevri
sargebloba SeiZleba mogvitanos elinisturma litera- acduna... da Tu, miuxedavad amisa, aRmosavleTSi bevri
turam~. ori saukunis Semdeg iustinianem araqristianebi iseTi qristiani aRmoCnda, romelmac udabnoSi èmigrireba~
yovelgvar pedagogiur da saganmanaTleblo saqmianobas amjobina, sruli safuZveli gvaqvs vivaraudoT, rom isini
gaurbodnen ara imdenad amsofliur mRelvarebasa da bneli sawuTros qveynismpyrobelTa da borotebis zeciur
siZneleebs, ramdenadac àmsofliur mijaWvulobasa da sulTa winaaRmdeg~ (efes. 6:12). mxolod udabnoSi SeZlebs
amaoebas~, rac qristianul civilizaciaSic ki cocxlobs. qristiani xorci Seasxas srul erTgulebas Tavisi erTarse-
wm. ioane oqropiri daJinebiT miuTiTebda morwmuneebs ba zeciuri meufisadmi _ wmida samebisadmi.
`keTildReobis~ safrTxeze. misi sityviT, ùsafrTxoeba monazvnobas arasdros hqonia antisocialuri xasiaTi. is
bevrad ufro saSiSia, vidre yovelgvari devna~, gacilebiT iyo mcdeloba sxva samkvidreblis agebisa. garkveuli
ufro saxifaToa, vidre qristianobis garedan momavali azriT, monazvnoba aris èqsteritoriuli kolonia~ am amao
Tundac yvelaze sisxliani represiebi. oqropiris mixedviT, wuTisofelSi. TviT dayudebuli berebic ki, metwilad,
WeSmarit qristianul rwmenas realuri safrTxe swored jgufebad an koloniebad saxldebodnen da jgufs erTi
eklesiis garegani gamarjvebis Sedegad Seeqmna, roca sulieri mamis xelmZRvaneloba aerTianebda. magram aske-
qristians SesaZlebloba mieca usafrTxod da komfortu- turi idealis yvelaze adekvatur xorcSesxmad yovelTvis
lad `moewyo~ Tavisi cxovreba da amis gamo daeviwyebina, iTvleboda monasteri. samonastro Temi aris mcire
rom mas amsoflad arsad aqvs mudmivi samkvidrebeli da socialuri organizacia _ `sxeuli~, mcire eklesia. mona-
dedamiwaze mwirobisa da ucxoobisTvis aris ganwiruli. zoni `sofels~ tovebda, raTa aeSenebina axali sazogado-
monazvnobis mniSvneloba, uwinares yovlisa, asketuri eba, moewyo axali sazogadoebrivi cxovreba. yovel
aRTqmis aRsrulebaSi rodi mdgomareobda. adreul saukune- SemTxvevaSi, es ganzraxva amoZravebda wm. basilis. gvian-
ebSi ar arsebobda gansakuTrebuli `monazvnuri~ ideali. bizantiuri xanis monazvnobis erT-erTi yvelaze
pirvel monazvnebs, ubralod, surdaT, moexdinaT saerTo- avtoritetuli warmomadgeneli wm. Teodore studieli
qristianuli idealis srulyofili realizeba, romlis kidev ufro meti simkacriTa da daJinebiT usvamda xazs am
ganxorcielebis amocana, principSi, yoveli morwmunis amocanas. ukve iustinianes droidan fiqrobda imperia
winaSe idga. isini miiCnevdnen, rom am idealis realizeba monazvnobis damorCilebaze, cdilobda saerTo politikur
praqtikulad ganuxorcielebeli amocana iyo sazogadoe- da socialur struqturaSi CaerTo igi. es nawilobriv
bisa da cxovrebis maSindeli mowyobis CarCoebSi, Tundac moaxerxa kidec imperiam, rasac samonazvno moZraobisTvis
mas saxelad qristianuli imperia rqmeoda. IV saukuneSi dacemis meti araferi moutania. yovel SemTxvevaSi,
monazvnad wasvla, uwinares yovlisa, imperiidan wasvla iyo. monastrebi, garkveuli azriT, mudam ucxo sxeulebad
asketuri aRkveca, uwinares yovlisa, sakuTrebis srul rCebian da bolomde arasdros erwymian cxovrebis imperiul
uaryofas, àm qveynis~ flobaze uaris Tqmas niSnavda, e.i. mowyobas. SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom, istoriuli Tvalsaz-
amsofliuri wesebisa da socialuri kavSirebis uaryofa- risiT, monazvnoba yovelTvis warmoadgenda qristianuli
sac. wm. basilis sityviT, monazoni ùsaxlkaro~ unda iyos. imperiis mSeneblobisgan Tavis aridebis mcdelobas. Tavis
asketizmi, rogorc wesi, ar moiTxovda kosmosis uaryofas. droze, origene amtkicebda, rom qristianebi ar SeiZleba
da RvTis mier Seqmnili bunebis silamaze gacilebiT ufro monawileobdnen saerTo sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi,
cocxlad ganicdeboda udabnoSi, vidre saqmiani qalaqis vinaidan maT TavianTi `polisi~, TavianTi `samSoblo~ aqvT
sabazro moedanze. monastrebi bunebis silamaziT (origene, celsusis winaaRmdeg, VIII, 75). isini amsofliuri
gamorCeul adgilebSi iqmneboda. agiografiul literatu- kanonebis sapirispiro wesebiT cxovroben.
raSi mocemulia kosmiuri mSvenebis mZafri gancda. `gaqristianebul sofelSi~ es winaaRmdegoba ar
borotebis samkvidrebeli mdebareobs ara bunebaSi, aramed gamqrala. monazvnoba uwindeburad aris raRac gansxvave-
adamianis gulSi an borot sulTa samyaroSi. qristianuli buli, Taviseburi àntisofeli~, ramdenadac igi WeSmari-
gandgoma mimarTulia àra sisxlisa da xorcis, aramed... am tad aris `sxva~ sofeli. Tavisi arsiT igi yovelTvis
nebismieri qveyniuri sistemis gareT dgas da, xSirad, xazs iyo. mxedvelobidan ar unda gamogvrCes am saqmis kidev erTi
usvams Tavis èqsteritoriulobas~ TviT saerToeklesiur mxare: monazvnoba TviTon warmoadgenda SesaniSnav
sistemasTan mimarTebaSic ki: pretenzias acxadebs, hqondes kulturul movlenas. SemTxveviTi rodia, rom patristikis
garkveuli damoukidebloba adgilobrivi an teritoriuli epoqis mwerlobaSi asketuri Rvawli gamudmebiT aRiwereba
iurisdiqciisgan. principSi, monazvnoba es aris gandgoma rogorc `filosofia~, `sibrZnis siyvaruli~. kanonzomieri
soflisgan, bunebrivi socialuri wyobidan gasvla, uaris movlenaa, rom aleqsandriuli RvTismetyvelebis diadi
Tqma ojaxze, garkveul socialur statusze da TviT tradiciebi gansakuTrebiT nayofierad swored monazonTa
moqalaqeobazec. magram es ar aris mxolod erTi socialuri wreebSi aRorZinda da ganviTarda. isic savsebiT bunebri-
ganzomilebidan gasvla, aramed, amave dros, _ meoreSi via, rom IV saukunis kapadokiel mamebSi ase organulad aris
Sesvla. swored am ùcxobunebovnebaSi~ mdgomareobs Serwymuli asketuri da kulturuli interesebi. mogviane-
monazvnobis, rogorc moZraobis, mTavari Tavisebureba da, biT maqsime aRmsarebelma Tavisi grandiozuli saRvTis-
agreTve, misi istoriuli mniSvneloba. asketuri Rirsebebis metyvelo sinTezi swored sakuTari asketuri gamocdilebis
ganviTareba sakuTar TavSi im adamianebsac SeuZliaT, vinc safuZvelze aago. da bolos, arc isaa SemTxveviTi, rom
eriskacebad rCebian. monazvnobis gamorCeuloba swored mis xatTmebrZolobis periodSi monazvnebi xelovnebis damcve-
socialur struqturaSi mdgomareobs. qristianuli samyaro lebad mogvevlinen _ isini icavdnen religiuri xelisuf-
polarizebuli aRmoCnda. qristianobis istoria viTardeba lebis Tavisuflebas saxelmwifos zewolisgan, `ganaTle-
or sapirispiro poluss _ imperiasa da udabnos _ Soris. buli~ da utilitarulad gamartivebuli midgomisgan.
maT Soris arsebulma daZabulobam kulminacias miaRwia yvelaferi es mWidrod ukavSirdeba asketizmis arss.
gaborotebisa da sisastikis im saSinel amofrqvevaSi, askeza ar zRudavs Semoqmedebas, piriqiT igi swored
romelic Tan axlda xatTmebrZolobas. Semoqmedebas isaxavs sakuTar miznad. aq umTavresi
is faqti, rom monazvnoba ki ar iRebs, aramed uaryofs mniSvneloba eniWeba SemoqmedebiT muSaobas sakuTar Tavze,
qristianul imperias, sulac ar niSnavs, TiTqos igi, sakuTari `mes~ SemoqmedebiT aRSenebas. Semoqmedeba yvela
saerTod, yovelgvari kulturis mowinaaRmdege iyos. saxeobis utilitarizmisgan mxolod misi asketuri
viTareba gacilebiT ufro rTulia. uwinares yovlisa, interpretaciis Sedegad Tavisufldeba. askeza akrZal-
monazvnobam imperiaze gacilebiT ukeTesad moaxerxa vebSi rodi mdgomareobs _ is aris qmnadoba, sakuTari
SeenarCunebina kulturis WeSmariti ideali. yovel WeSmariti `mes~ `SemuSaveba~. igi dinamikuria, moicavs
SemTxvevaSi, sulieri kultura ikvebeba da Zalas iZens usasrulobisken swrafvas, maradiul mowodebas, SeuCere-
sulieri cxovrebis siRrmeebidan: kargad SeniSna erTma bel winsvlas. am mouRlelobis mizezi ki is aris, rom TviT
rusma mecnierma, rom `qristianul siwmideSi xdeba Zveli amocanaa Tavisi xasiaTiT usasrulo _ verc erTi miRweva
filosofiis yvela ZiriTadi da umaRlesi miRwevis sinTezi. verasodes Seedreba mizans. es aris SemoqmedebiTi amocana,
diadi berZnuli azris mTavari nakadi, romelic ioniidan da radgan mis Sedegad unda iSvas raRac sruliad axali.
didi saberZneTidan iwyeba, aTenis gavliT, aleqsandriaSi, adamiani Tavis `mes~ qmnis imis meSveobiT, rom sakuTar Tavs
iqidan ki TebeidaSi miemarTeboda. kldeebi, udabnoebi da mTlianad miuZRvnis RmerTs. mxolod am SemoqmedebiT
gamoqvabulebi Teurgiuli sibrZnis axal centrebad procesSi moipovebs igi Tavis Tavs. WeSmariti askeza
iqceodnen~. monazvnobis wvlili samyaros Sesaxeb zogad- TvalsaCino Sinagan winaaRmdegobas Seicavs. igi iwyeba
sakacobrio codnis SemuSavebaSi Zalian mniSvnelovani iyo Tvinierebidan, TviTuaryofidan, morCilebidan. Semoqmede-
rogorc aRmosavleTSi, ise dasavleTSi. biTi Tavisufleba SeuZlebelia sawyisi TviTuaryofis
monastrebi mecnierebisa da kulturis didi centrebi gareSe. aseTia sulieri cxovrebis kanoni: Tesli ar
aRmocendeba, Tuki igi ar mokvda. maSasadame, TviTuaryofis kulturis sazRvrebs gareT. magram adamiani imisTvis aris
Sedegad gvevlineba pirovnuli SezRudulobisa da Seqmnili, rom maradisoba daimkvidros.
gankerZoebulobis daZleva, sakuTari Tavis absoluturi asketizmi SeiZleba ganisazRvros, rogorc
miZRvna WeSmaritebisadmi. es ar niSnavs, TiTqos Tavidan `feriscvalebis esqatologia~. asketuri `maqsimalizmis~
saWiro iyos TviTuaryofa, rasac SemdgomSi mohyveba STagonebis wyaro, umTavresad, istoriis dasasrulis
Tavisufleba. morCileba TviTon warmoadgens Tavisufle- rwmenaa. ufro zustad: ara realuri molodini, aramed misi
bas. asketuri TviTuaryofa sulis sapyrobiledan gamoSveba garduvalobis rwmena. JamTa da TariRTa aRricxva araarse-
da samSvinvelis gaTavisuflebaa. Tavisuflebis gareSe amao biTia da, ufro metic, garkveul safrTxesa da cdunebasac
Sromad darCeba sxeulis nebismieri daTrgunva da ki warmoadgens. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani ki movle-
mokvdineba. nebisa da sagnebis èsqatologiuri sazomiT~ Sefasebaa.
meore mxriv, asketuri Sroma iwvevs samyaros xedvis usamarTloba iqneboda gvevarauda, rom dedamiwaze vera-
Secvlasa da ganaxlebas. WeSmariti xedva mxolod imisTvis feri ver gauZlebs am èsqatologiur~ gamocdas. yvelaferi
aris misawvdomi, vinc Tavisufalia egoisturi sawyisisgan. rodia gasaqrobad ganwiruli. ueWvelia, caTa sasufevelSi
WeSmariti asketizmis STagonebis wyaro aris ara zizRi da adgili ar aris arc politikisa da arc ekonomikisTvis.
siZulvili, aramed swrafva gardaqmnisaken. samyarom unda magram aSkaraa, rom amsoflad arsebobs mravali
daibrunos misi Tavdapirveli mSveniereba, romelic codvam faseuloba, romelic arc momaval saukuno cxovrebaSi
daakargvina. swored amitom, amgvar asketizms qmedebisken iqneba uaryofili. uwinares yovlisa, es aris siyvaruli.
mivyavarT. marTalia, gamosyidva RmerTma aRasrula, magram SemTxveviTi rodia, rom monazonTa erToblioba mudam
adamiani mowodebulia iyos misi TanaSemwe da TanamuSaki am warmoqmnis qristianul Tems _ es aris erTmaneTze zrunvisa
macxovnebel aqtSi, radgan gamosyidva swored Tavisufle- da urTierTSemweobisTvis gamiznuli organizacia. qvelmo-
bis gamosyidvas warmoadgens. codva monobaa, xolo `zeciu- qmedebis nebismieri aqti da Tundac, ubralod, gulis-
ri ierusalimi Tavisufalia~. asketuri Sromis aseTi tkivili viRac sxvis tanjvisa da gasaWiris gamo, ar
interpretacia, SesaZloa, moulodneli da ucnauri SeiZleba raRac umniSvnelod iqnas miCneuli, Tuki mas
mogveCvenos. igi, raRa Tqma unda, ar aris sruli. askezis esqatologiuri sazomiT ganvixilavT. nuTu, gadaWarbebad
samyaro rTulia, ramdenadac igi Tavisuflebis sferos unda CaiTvalos rwmena, rom nebismieri SemoqmedebiTi
ganekuTvneba. arsebobs mravali gza, romelTagan zogierTi, qvelmoqmedeba maradisobaSi Seva? da xom ar aRmovaCenT
SesaZloa, CixiT damTavrdes. istoriuli TvalsazrisiT, amgvarad garkveul maradiul faseulobebs codnis sfero-
cxadia, asketizms yovelTvis ar mivyavarT Semoqmedebisken. Si? Znelia rame sruli darwmunebiT amtkico. da mainc,
oRond, mkafiod unda ganvasxvavoT gulgriloba Semoqmede- vfiqrob Cven mogvepoveba garkveuli kriteriumi. yovel
biTi amocanebisadmi da maTi sruli uaryofa. asketurma SemTxvevaSi, adamianis pirovneba istoriis sazRvrebs gareT
praqtikam warmoaCina kulturis bevri axali mraval- gadis.
ferovani problema, Camoayaliba faseulobaTa da mizanTa pirovneba Tavis TavSi atarebs istorias. me aRar
axali ierarqia. aqedan momdinareobs asketizmis aSkara viqnebodi is, vinc var, Tuki momacilebdnen Cems konkretul,
gulgriloba mravali istoriuli amocanisadmi. es ki e. i. istoriul gamocdilebas. amitom, istoria mTlianad ar
xelaxla migvabrunebs konfliqtTan istoriasa da apo- gaqreba TviT momaval saukuno cxovrebaSic, Tuki iq
kalifss Soris. mTavari kiTxva es aris _ ra mniSvneloba da SenarCunebuli iqneba adamianuri cxovrebis konkretuloba.
faseuloba aqvs mTel istoriul process? yovel SemTxveva- cxadia, Cven ar SegviZlia gavavloT mkafio sademarkacio
Si, qristianuli mizani gadis rogorc istoriis, ise xazi, romelic èsqatologiuri momavlis~ mqone sagnebs
gamoacalkevebda im sagnebisgan esqatologiur zRurblze bad, gadagvarda siyalbed, orazrovnebad da Zaladobad.

rom unda daiRupnon _ realur cxovrebaSi isini mWidrod udabnom met warmatebas miaRwia. Tavisi bizantiuri
arian erTmaneTSi gadaxlarTulni. gancalkevebis SesaZ- RvTismetyvelebiT, RvTismosaobiTa da xelovnebiT igi
leblobas gvaZlevs gansxvavebis unari, sulieri naTel- yovelTvis darCeba adreuli eklesiis SemoqmedebiTi
xilva. erTi mxriv, aSkaraa, rom `saWiroa mxolod erTi ram~. Zalisxmevis mowmobad. SesaZloa, igi darCes yvelaze
meore mxriv, momavali samyaro, ueWvelia, aris samyaro cocxal da wmida furclad kacobriobis bedisweris idumal
maradiuli xsovnisa da ara maradiuli daviwyebisa. ara wignSi, romlis wera jer kidev grZeldeba. bizantiis
mxolod mariams, aramed marTasac ergeba ùkeTesi wili, epilogic STambeWdavi aRmoCnda. da aqac imave gaorebasa da
romelic ar waerTmeva mas~. yvelaferi, ramac SesaZlebelia polarulobas vxedavT: erTi mxriv, imperia daeca romTan
feri icvalos, fers icvlis. es feriscvaleba, garkveuli orazrovani kavSiris damyarebis Semdeg (florenciaSi
azriT ukve esqatologiuri sazRvris aqeTa mxares iwyeba. dadebuli ùnia~, romelic xalxisTvis bolomde miuRebeli
èsqatologiuri saunjeni~ am cxovrebaSi unda iqnas darCa). meore mxriv, uSualod `Zirmompali bizantiis~
mopovebuli. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, es cxovreba fuWi dacemis win moxda mistikuri Wvretis didebuli ayvaveba
iqneboda. àxali Sesaqme~ ukve dawyebulia. qristianobis aTonis mTaze, daiwyo renesansi xelovnebasa da
istoria metia, vidre winaswarmetyveluri simbolo, niSani filosofiaSi, romlis Suqi dasavlur aRorZinebasac
an miTiTeba. Cven yovelTvis gvaqvs bundovani winaTgrZnoba miefina: imperiis msxvreva da udabnos aRvseba.
imisa, Tu romel sagnebs ara aqvs da arc SeiZleba hqondes
`maradiuli mniSvneloba~ da maT ganvsazRvravT, rogorc
`fuWsa~ da àmaos~. Cveni diagnozi SesaZloa mcdari rusulidan Targmna
aRmoCndes. da mainc, ama Tu im diagnozis dasma gardau- zaza kvercxiSvilma
valia. qristianoba ukve Tavisi arsiT aris istoriuli.
istoria wmida process warmoadgens. meore mxriv,
qristianoba asamarTlebs istorias da TviTon aris moZra-
oba iqiTken, rac ìstoriis sazRvrebs gareT~ mdebareobs.
am mizeziT, qristianobis damokidebuleba istoriisa da
kulturisadmi garduvalad antinomiuria. qristianebi ar
unda gaiTqvifon istoriaSi, magram isini verc raRac
`bunebriv saxelmwifoSi~ gaiqcevian. isini istoriis sazRv-
rebs gareT unda gavidnen, imisTvis `rasac cxovrebis
napirebi ver daitevs~. TumcaRa esqatologia mudam TviTon
aris aRsruleba.
vladimer soloviovi miuTiTebda tragikul ganxeTqi-
lebaze bizantiur kulturaSi. `bizantia RvTismosavi iyo
rwmenaSi da araRvTismosavi cxovrebaSi~. cxadia, es mxolod
mxatvruli saxea da ara zusti aRwera. Tumca, Cven SegviZ-
lia davuSvaT, rom es formula simarTlis marcvals Sei-
cavs. imperiis `gaeklesiurebis~ idea kraxiT damTavrda.
imperia sisxliani konfliqtebis Sedegad daiSala nawile-
70 interviu 71
dawyebuli Jamnobidan damTavrebuli wirviT, Cven vlocu-

lobT qristianTa erTobisTvis. ekumenur moZraobaSi mona-
wileoba aris Cveni saRvTismsaxuro locvis gagrZeleba. es
erTi pasuxia.
meore pasuxi Semdegia: Tu gadavxedavT qristes eklesiis
istorias, ver vipoviT iseT moments, rodesac gayofili
qristianebi ar eZebdnen gzebs gaerTianebisken. ramdenjer
interviu georgos lemopoulosTan davrCenilvarT Cven imedgacruebulni Cvens urTierTobebSi
romTan? ramdenjer vyofilvarT imedgacruebulni da
georgos lemopoulosi – eklesiaTa msoflio sabWos imeddakargulni Zveli ganxeTqilebis Sedegad, romelsac
generaluri mdivnis moadgile. wels is ori dRiT ewvia monofizitur ganxeTqilebas vuwodebT? magram eklesiis
saqarTvelos da Sexvda sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos- mamebi wlebis da saukuneebis manZilze isev da isev
patriarqs ilia meores. Cven mogveca saSualeba gvesaubra cdilobdnen moenaxaT gza erTobisaken. es aris Cveni
baton lemopoulosTan. es interviu Semoklebuli saxiT Teologiis umTavresi debuleba. amitom, erTobisTvis Rva-
daibeWda gazeT “24 saaTSi” #160, 8.07.2004. wli aris tradiciis gagrZeleba da warsulidan bunebrivad
gamomdinare procesi.
levan abaSiZe: batono lemopoulos, Tqven eklesiaTa amave dros, dRevandeli mdgomareoba ganxvavebulia, rac
msoflio sabWos (ems) warmoadgenT, romelic ekumenuri am mcdelobebs ufro aZnelebs da arTulebs. Tu uwin
moZraobis umTavresi saerTaSoriso organizaciaa. mxolod ormxrivi dialogi mimdinareobda, dRes
saqarTveloSi ki wlebis ganmavlobaSi ekumenuri moZraobis qristianebi – kaTolikebi, marTlmadideblebi, protestan-
demonizacia xdeba. zogierTi cdilobs warmoadginos tebi, anglikanebi – erTad Sromoben erTobisaTvis. da
ekumenizmi (CvenTan Cveulebriv laparakoben ekumenizmze da erTad SromisaTvis mzadyofna ar Semoifargleba mxolod
ara ekumenur moZraobaze), rogorc marTlmadidebeli saRvTismetyvelo dialogiT, aramed aseve gulisxmobs
eklesiis mteri da antiqristes religiac ki. erTobliv mowmobas Cveni sazogadoebis winaSe. adamian-
Cemi azriT, bevrma araferi icis ekumenuri moZraobis TaTvis Zalian bevrs niSnavs, esmodeT, qristianTa erTiani,
Sesaxeb, garda moaruli miTebisa. amitom Cemi pirveli ganuyofeli xma, miiRon gaerTianebuli daxmareba qristiane-
SekiTxva ubraloa: ra aris ekumenizmi da ekumenuri bisgan. dRes adamianTa yovel calkeul sazogadoebaSi aris
moZraoba? moTxovnileba saxarebis sityvisa, moTxovnileba eklesiis
makurnebeli myofobisa.
georgos lemopulo: termini ekumenizmi ixmareba, magram es aris is umartivesi mokle Sejameba, romelic SemiZlia
marTlmadidebel TeologTa umravlesoba mas Tavs aridebs. ekumenuri moZraobis Sesaxeb gavakeTo, da marTali
isini ekumenur moZraobaze laparakoben da ara ekumenizmze, giTxraT, es arc ise advili saqmea.
vinaidan am ukanasknelma SesaZloa Seqmnas STabeWdileba rac Seexeba marTlmadidebelTa monawileobas (me vguli-
formaluri, oficialuri ideologiisa. sxmob dRes arsebul yvela marTlmadidebel eklesias),
ekumenuri moZraoba aris qristianTa, dayofil upirvelesad unda gvaxsovdes, rom XX saukunis dasawyi-
qristianTa mzadyofna iRvawon erTobis aRsadgenad. am sidan yvela maTganma gamoxata Tavisi mzadyofna ekumenur
perspeqtividan Tu SevxedavT, erTobisaTvis muSaoba moZraobaSi monawileobisTvis. amave dros monawileoba
sruliad bunebrivia. yovel saRvTismsaxuro qmedebaSi, arasodes yofila advili. mravaljer iyo gamoTqmuli
72 georgos lemopoulosi interviu 73
protesti da ukmayofileba. me optimisturad var ganwyo- ras niSnavs “marTlmadidebeli”. amas saxareba gvaswavlis,
bili, vinaidan es gvaCvenebs, Tu rogori seriozulobiT da Cven Tavs mivxedoT, sanam sxvis gankiTxvas daviwyebT.
pasuxismgeblobiT udgeba marTlmadidebeli eklesia aris sxva sakiTxi, rac aranakleb mniSvnelovania. Cven
ekumenur moZraobaSi monawileobas da ramdenad frTxilad yvelani vcxovrobT sekularizebul (saero) msoflioSi –
Sedis urTierTobaSi sxva eklesiebTan. msoflioSi, sadac aRar aris rwmena, sadac, yvelaferi
me saqme mqonda bevr eklesiologiur gancxadebasTan, da kiTxvis niSnis qveS aris dayenebuli, sadac yovel nabijze
me ar Semxvedria arcerTi oficialuri gancxadeba arcerTi demonuri da satanuri Zalebi gvxvdeba mravali formiT.
marTlmadidebeli eklesiisa, romelSic misi eklesiolo- rodesac am samyaroSi me mxvdeba adamiani, romelic
giuri identuroba kiTxvis niSnis qveS damdgariyo. sxva aRiarebs ieso qristes Tavis macxovrad, me vekiTxebi Cem
sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, me ar Semxvedria gancxadeba, sadac Tavs: rogor mivudge mas? sxva rom araferi vTqva, piradad
eWvi iqneboda gamoTqmuli, rom marTlmadidebeli eklesia CemTvis es pirovneba qristiania. vici, rom Cven gansxvavebebi
aris erTi, wmida, kaTolike da samociqulo eklesia. magram gvaqvs, vici, rom uamravi ram unda gavakeToT am
amave dros, marTlmadidebeli eklesiebi grZnoben saWiroe- gansxvavebaTa gadasalaxavad, magram me ar SemiZlia vTqva,
bas dasvan kiTxva: rogor unda moveqce me sxva qristianebs rom is ar aris qristiani, me ar SemiZlia pativi ar vce mis
da sxva eklesiebs, romlebTanac unda avawyo garkveuli mowmobas, me ar SemiZlia ugulvebelvyo misi aRiareba. me
urTierToba da Tanacxovrebis garkveuli forma? Sedegad mravali welia evropaSi vcxovrob, me myavs megobrebi,
Cven gvaqvs urTierTobis is formebi, romlebic wlebis romlebic arian kaTolikeebi, protestantebi, romlebTanac
manZilze SemuSavda sxva eklesiebTan erTad. erTad me vswavlobdi. xSirad, maTi qceva, maTi qristianuli
daxmareba moyvasisadmi maiZulebda mefiqra Cems Tavze, da
l. a.: Tqven isaubreT qristianul erTobaze. Cems mier xSirad maxsendeboda keTili samarielis igavi.
zemoT aRniSnuli mizezis gamo saqarTveloSi Tqven bevri ar ase rom, me vici, rom sakiTxi ar aris advili. magram
dageTanxmebaT. me dagisvamT kiTxvas, romelsac es martivi gadawyveta, gamovacxadoT yvela, vinc marTlmadi-
adamianebi dasvamdnen imisaTvis, rom gvqondes maTTan debeli eklesiis gareTaa araqristianad, anda gavavloT
dialogi da ara monologi: xazi, romlis erT mxares marTlmadideblebi arian da meore
ra iciT rom is gareSeni, romlebic Tavs qristianebs mxares yvela eretikosia, - ar aris gamosavali.
uwodeben, marTlac qristianebi arian da ara mwvaleblebi
an warmarTebi? maT xom aravin uSlis movidnen l. a. rogorc Tqven TqviT, ekumenuri moZraobis
marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi, Tu WeSmariti qristianoba umTavresi amocana iyo erTobisaken gzebis Zieba. es imas
surT? es iqneboda WeSmariti qristianuli erToba. ra niSnavs, rom iyo imedi erTobis aRdgenisa, rom es erToba
saWiroa ekumenur moZraobaSi Cveni monawileoba, riTac SesaZlebelia.
faqtobrivad vaRiarebT maT qristianobas da maT ra iqneba eklesia, Tu Cven mivaRwevT erTobas sxva
“eklesiebs”? konfesiaTan? iqneba es marTlmadidebeli eklesia? sxva
sityvebiT: Cven davrwmundebiT, rom isini marTlma-
g. l.: Tu Cven mkacrad vudgebiT sxvebs, modiT aseve dideblebi arian, Tu piriqiT, es iqneba raRac sinkretizmi,
mkacrad mivudgeT sakuTar Tavsac, da davsvaT kiTxva: aris romelSic Cven davkargavT marTlmadideblobas?
ki yvela is, vinc Tavs marTlmadidebels uwodebs, marTlac
marTlmadidebeli? me mgoni sanam sxvis gansjas daviwyebT, g. l.: is, rac me wamikiTxavs da gamigia sxvadasxva
swored es SekiTxva unda davsvaT da CavuRrmavdeT imas Tu erovnebis da qveynis Tanamedrove marTlmadidebeli RvTis-
metyvelebisgan, aris is, rom Tu erToba odesme ganxorci- sxva marTlmadidebel eklesiebSi, rogoric aris magali-
elda (da Tu es moxdeba RvTis kurTxeviT), is moxdeba Zveli, Tad, marTlmadidebeli eklesia siriaSi, romelsac uwevs
ganuyofeli eklesiis tradiciis safuZvelze. amitom arseboba sruliad sxva garemoSi, islamur da arc Tu
marTlmadidebeli eklesiisgan ar ismis mowodeba, “modiT Tavisufal qveyanaSi, an ra mdgomareobaa dasavleT evropis
dagvibrundiT Cven”, rac albaT zogierTisTvis ampartavnu- marTlmadidebel eklesiebSi, sadac marTlmadideblebi
lad gaiJRerebda, aramed ismis: “davubrundeT ganuyofeli bunebrivad TanamSromloben kaTolikeebTan da protestan-
eklesiis, mociqulTa tradicias.” rasakvirvelia, rogorc tebTan.
marTlmadideblebs, Cven gvjera da darwmunebulni varT,
rom swored Cven vagrZelebT am tradicias. da Cven es unda l.a.: kidev erTxel davubrundebi erTobis sakiTxs. es
davamtkicoT. dialogi da ekumenur moZraobaSi monawi- sakiTxi isev aqtualuria, Tu marTlmadidebel eklesias
leoba CvenTvis erT-erTi saSualebaa, rom vaCvenoT, Seveca- imdenad daSordnen protestantuli da anglikanuri
doT davarwmunoT Cveni debi da Zmebi, rom es aris swori eklesiebi bolo aTwleulebSi, rom erTobisa aRaravis
gza. es aris marTlmadidebelTa monawileobis erTerTi sjera da ekumenuri moZraoba mTlianad gadaerTo
umTavresi mizezi. erTobliv socialuri programebis ganxorcielebaze?
me kidev erT komentars gavakeTebdi. rasakvirvelia,
Cveni marTlmadidebluri rwmenis SenarCuneba uaRresad g.l.: marTalia, fiqri saeklesio erTobaze SeuZleblad
aRelvebs adamianebs, da arcerTma CvenTaganma araferi ar gveCveneba, rodesac ganyofa ase Rrmaa, magram unda
unda davTmoT. magram aq didi sifrTxile gvmarTebs, vinai- gvaxsovdes, rom Tu Cven mzad varT vimuSavoT qristianTa
dan unda vicodeT, ra aris marTlmadidebloba? aris erTobisTvis, Cven amas vakeTebT ara imitom, rom ubralod
marTlmadidebloba is, rasac erTi samrevlo mRvdeli ase movisurveT, aramed imitom, rom es aris mcneba, brZaneba
ityvis? aris marTlmadidebloba is, rasac erTi romelime romelic TviT qristem mogvca Cven: “raiTa yovelni erT
monasteri marTlmadideblobad miiCnevs? aris marTlmadi- iyos”. amitom, Cven vmuSaobT imisTvis, rom aRvasruloT
debloba is, rasac erTi avtokefaluri eklesia gamoacxa- RvTis neba. Cven aucileblad unda gvesmodes Cveni
debs? Tu marTlmadidebloba is aris, rasac yovelTvis SezRudulobebi da unda RmerTs mivandoT am saqmis
vambobdiT: consensus patrum (eklesiis mamaTa Tanxmoba). Cven ar saboloo ganxorcieleba. Cven viciT, rom Tu erT mSvenier
vimowmebT erT wminda mamas, Cven vimowmebT mTel tradicias! dRes eklesiis erToba ganxorcieldeba, es iqneba RvTis
am principis msgavsad, dRes warmoSobil sakiTxebTan kurTxeva da madli. amave dros, Cven vcdilobT Cveni
mimarTebaSi, Cven ar unda davimowmoT erTi avtokefaluri SesaZleblobis maqsimumi gavakeToT. Cven gvinda am saqmes
eklesia an erTi pirovneba, aramed mTeli marTlmadidebeli mcdeloba ar davakloT, kidev erTxel CaverToT sulier
erToba: antioqiidan amerikamde, afrikidan ruseTamde, brZolaSi.
fineTidan iaponiamde, indoeTidan alaskamde. maTi cxovreba imisaTvis, rom ufro konkretuli viyo, getyviT, rom
da maTi azri amaTu im sakiTxze aucileblad gasaTvaliswi- aris eklesiebi, aris gaerTianebebi, da aris swavlebebi,
nebelia. romlebicSors dganan samociqulo tradiciisagan da amiT
saqarTvelos sazogadoebis da eklesiis mimarT Cemi qmnian damatebiT siZneleebs. qristianTa Soris aris
udidesi pativiscemis miuxedavad, miuxedavad Cemi mcdelo- SegrZneba, rom dialogis arsebobis 40 Tu 50 wlis Semdeg
bisa, Cavswvde Tqveni qveynis Taviseburebebs, Cemi azriT, aris garkveuli daqanculoba, imitom, rom Teologiur
Cvenma qarTvelma debma da Zmebma unda gaixedon saqarTvelos dialogSi konkretuli Sedegebi ar miRweula. amitom bevri
eklesiis sazRvrebs gareTac da dainteresdnen, ra xdeba qristiani ambobs, modiT, imis magivrad rom vipaeqroT
Teologiur da eklesiologiur sakiTxebze, SevikriboT eklesiebma da marTlmadidebelma Teologebma naTlad

erTad, davamowmoT qriste am msoflioSi. Cven ar uaryves Tanaziareba sxva konfesiis warmomadgenlebTan.
vamaxvilebT yuradRebas, vin varT, marTlmadidebeli, amasTan dakavSirebiT aris naTeli Teologiuri pozicia. da
kaTolike Tu luTerani, Cven erTad, qristes saxeliT rodesac ekumenur moZraobaSi monawile marTlmadidebeli
vmkurnalobT daWrils, vapurebT mSiers, vuvliT bavSvebs, eklesia an marTlmadidebeli Teologi saubrobs erTobliv
romlebic Zalian xSirad mZime mdgomareobaSi xvdebian, locvaze, arasodes igulisxmeba evqaristiuli RvTismsaxu-
vibrZviT Zaladobis winaaRmdeg, vcdilobT vebrZoloT reba anu wirva.
narkotikebs da vixsnaT maTgan momavali Taoba. yovelive es axla ganvixiloT locvebi, romlebic aris RvTis
Cven SegviZlia erTad gavakeToT. Sewevnis Txovna im yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi, romelic aRsav-
me Rrmad var darwmunebuli, rom es swored saerTo sea siZneleebiT da saqmeebiT. da aq ori Zalian ubralo
qristianuli mowmobaa. swored qristianobidan momdina- SekiTxva Cndeba.
reobs sicocxlisadmi pativiscema. es isaa, raSic Cven rodesac Cven vikribebiT, rogorc qristianebi,
vacnobierebT, rom Cven saerTo fesvebi gvaqvs. erT gzaze romlebic vsaubrobT erTmaneTTan, vmuSaobT erTad, mso-
svlisas Cven vacnobierebT moyvasis rwmenas, tanjuli flioSi erTad vavrcelebT qristianul mowmobas, SeiZleba
qriste adasturebs Cvens siaxloves, rom Cven erT ojaxs es vakeToT ise, rom ar daviwyoT locviT? aq erToblivi
vekuTvniT. da es Zalian mniSvnelovania. locva aucilebelia.
Tqven iciT, rom dReisaTvis bevri samTavrobo da da meore, Tu Cven, qristianebi, Cvens gzas vadgavarT da
arasamTavrobo struqtura muSaobs socialur da saqvel- sapirispiro mxares midivarT, maSin, rasakvirvelia, locva
moqmedo sferoSi. isini praqtikulad imave samuSaos asru- erTad SeuZlebelia. magram, rodesac Cven mzadyofnas
leben. magram Cemi azriT, aris xarisxobrivi gansxvaveba. gamovTqvamT da seriozulad CaverTvebiT Cveni erTo-
marTali rom vTqvaT, is, rac eklesiebs SeuZliaT gascen bisTvis muSaobaSi, Cven vcvliT istoriis mimarTulebas da
aris mxolod mcire nawili imisa, rasac saxelmwifoebi danawevrebuli erTobebisgan vxdebiT iseT erTobebad,
gascemen, magram am mcires sxva Zala da sxva sulieri romlebic eZeben gaerTianebas. rogor vakeToT es locvis
SigTavsi aqvs da adamianebs sWirdebaT es sulieri mxarda- gareSe? ase rom, erToblivi locvis imperativi bunebrivad
Wera. da normalurad Cndeba.
me ar minda, rom Cven zedmetad avCqardeT, me ar minda
l.a. sakiTxi, romelic did vnevaTaRelvas iwvevs gavamartivo sagani. yovelive es ar aris advili, magram me
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi, aris is praqtika, mgoni Cven am sakiTxebs ver avaridebT Tavs.
romelsac miaweren ekumenur maZraobas, romelic exeba
erTobliv locvas da erTobliv ziarebas. gTxovT es ori l.a.: Cemi azriT, dRes saqarTveloSi suraTs xSirad
praqtika calcalke ganixiloT. umarTebulod amartiveben. TiTqos an sruli erTobaa an
sakiTxi yvelaze xSirad ganixileba saeklesio kanonebis sruli ganxeTqileba. anu Tu Cven erToba ara gvaqvs
WrilSi: irRveva Tu ara eklesiis kanonebi da aris Tu ara romelime eklesiasTan, is aucileblad sruliad mwvaleblu-
es marTlmadideblobis Ralati? rad unda SevracxoT. magram es xom ar aris swori.
gTxovT gangvimartoT, rogor praqtikas aqvs sinamdvi- istoriidan viciT, rom xSirad gancalkevebul mxareebs
leSi adgili da rogor SeafasebdiT mas? Soris ar iyo sruli eklesiuri erToba, magram amave dros,
isini ar miiCnevdnen erTmaneTs mwvaleblebad.
g. l.: Cven naTlad unda ganvacxadoT: marTlmadidebelma sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, is mdgomareoba, romelic Tqven
agviwereT, ar aris XX saukunis ekumenuri moZraobis arian, TiTqmis SeuZlebeli amocanaa. ase rom ems da eek
gamogoneba. meTanxmebiT amaSi? muSaoben TiTqmis SeuZlebelis sferoSi, aseve me vityodi
siZnelisa da Sinagani winaaRmdegobriobis sferoSi.
g.l.: me saqarTvelos istoria ar vici, magram marTlmadidebeli eklesiebi, sanam isini gaerTiandebodnen
magaliTad, saberZneTSi iyo, rogorc iciT, markoz efeseli ems-Si, moiTxovdnen misi bunebisa da xasiaTis Zalian frTxil
- efesos episkoposi. is mniSvnelovani figuraa, vinaidan man gansazRvrebas. da Cemi azriT, swored marTmadidebeli Teo-
uaryo mravali politikuri zewola da ar wasula logebis intuiciiT Camoyalibda saTauri: ”eklesia, eklesi-
kompromisze rwmenis sakiTxSi. da amitom wmida markos ebi da eklesiaTa msoflio sabWo” (torontos dekleraciis
efeselis pirovnebas xSirad vixsenebT. magram xSirad saTauri).
gvaviwydeba, rom sanam markos efeseli Tavis saboloo dReisaTvis ems unikaluri msoflio organizaciaa,
gadawyvetilebas miiRebda, is wavida florenciaSi, sadac romelic aerTianebs eklesiebs: marTlmadidebels, anglika-
florenciis saeklesio krebaze kaTolike partniorebs nurs, Zvel kaTolikurs, luTeranuls, reformirebuls da
molaparakebis magidasTan Sexvda. is krebis monawile iyo da sxv. kaTolikuri eklesia garkveuli mizezebis gamo ar aris
sityviTac gamodioda, rac dokumentirebulia. is udidesi gawevrianebuli, Tumca mraval programaSi mWidrod Tana-
pativiscemiT da gagebiT udgeba kaTolikeebs da ar epyroba mSromlobs ems-Tan.
maT rogorc mwvaleblebs. is ar moikveTda dialogis amitom, me ar vcdilob ems-is absulutizirebas, magram
SesaZleblobas da bolo momentamde swamda, rom aris Sansi, unda vaRiaroT, rom dRes Cven alternativa ara gvaqvs.
SesaZlebelia moxdes WeSmariti, WeSmaritebaze dafuZne- amave dros, unda iTqvas, rom ems TviTon eZebs reorga-
buli erTobis aRdgena. magram rodesac es momenti dadga, nizaciis gzebs, da mzad aris cvlilebebi gaataros,
man Tqva “ara”. imisaTvis, rom ufro ukeT Seesabamebodes eklesiaTa mo-
da marTmadideblobis istoria da suliereba gvaswav- Txovnilebebs da maT dRevandel realiebs.
lis, rom msgavsi mogzaurobebi da mcdelobebi Semdgom yovelive es eek-zec iTqmis. amave dros, Tu eek-s
aTwleulebSic da saukuneebSic xdeboda. ar aris advili, Taviseburebaze vlaparakobT, erTi ram unda aRvniSnoT:
ecado Sexvde Sen das an Zmas, romelTanac didi xnis win evropis xalxebs da erebs surT hqondeT sxvadasxva tipis
gawyvite kavSiri. erToba: politikuri, socialuri, ekonomikuri, kultu-
ruli da aseve sulieri erToba. aq eklesiaTa roli uaRre-
l.a.: ra SegiZliaT gviTxraT eklesiaTa msoflio sad mniSvnelovani da gadamwyveti xdeba. Cemi azriT,
sabWoze (ems) da evropis eklesiaTa konferenciaze (eek), CvenTvis didi gamowveva iqneba, Tu evropa gaerTiandeba
romlebic ekumenuri moZraobis aRiarebuli centrebia. ra politikuri da ekonomiuri niSniT da amis paralelurad
problemebi, amocanebi da miznebi aqvT maT dRes? araferi moxdeba qristianul perspeqtivaSi. qristianul
eklesiebs – kaTolikes, marTlmadidebels, protestanuls,
g.l.: isev siZneleebidan daviwyeb, rom ar dagrCeT aqvT valdebuleba seriozulad aRiqvan es da Tavisi
STabeWdileba, rom advili gadawyvetilebebisken maqvs wvlilis Setana SesTavazon sazogadoebas, imisaTvis, rom
swrafva. TviT arseboba eklesiaTa msoflio sabWosi miuTi- evropis gaerTianebas sulieri safuZveli hqondes.
Tebs raRac aranormalurze, miuTiTebs siZneleze. imitom,
rom aq Cven vaxsenebT eklesiebs, maSin rodesac qristes l. a.: es SekiTxva SeiZleba kuriozulad mogeCvenoT,
eklesia, Cveni rwmenidan gamomdinare, erTi unda iyos. magram CvenSi musirebs azri, rom ekumenuri moZraoba
sabWoSi im eklesiebis erTad yofna, romlebic dayofilni jadoqrebTan da warmarTebTan erTobliv locvasa da
RvTismsaxurebas gulisxmobs. ramdenad Seesabameba es ems-is reformirebas da cdilobdnen SeenarCunebinaT

sinamdviles? marTlmadidebelTa erToblivi wevroba. amis dasturia
Tesalonikis cnobili Sexvedra. magram, samwuxarod orma
g.l.: me minda ukiduresad informatiuli viyo. me 30 welia marTlmadidebelma eklesiam datova ems da amiT aRniSnuli
monawileobas viReb ekumenur moZraobis sxvadasxva erToba dairRva.
safexurze da doneze. me arc gamigonia da arc Sevswrebivar me Zlier vwuxvar amis gamo, vinaidan Cven, marTlmadi-
erTobliv locvebs araqristianebTan. ise rom, me metad deblebs, gvWirdeba saqarTvelos da bulgareTis eklesiebis
kritikuli var yovelgvar insinuaciebis mimarT, TiTqos xma. ex xma ufro skeptikuri da kritikuli iqneboda ekumenuri
ekumenur moZraoba marTavs erTobliv locvebs indu- moZraobis mimarT, da ufro konservatuli sxva marTl-
istebTan, SamanebTan Tu sxva. me ar vambob, rom aseTi ram ar madidebel eklesiebis xmasTan SedarebiT, magram CvenTvis es
xdeba. aris eklesiebi, romlebic, SesaZloa, individualurad xma aucilebelia, vinaidan maT gareSe marTlmadideblobis
atareben amgvar locvebs araqristianebTan, magram es mowmoba sruli araa. armonawileoba ara mgonia swori iyos.
konkretulad unda ganvixiloT, sanam ems-s davadanaSaulebT. frangebs aqvT gamoTqma: “dauswrebloba yovelTvis Secdomaa”.
SesaZloa, igulisxmeba ceremoniebi da ritualebi, me mgoni es erTerTi mizezia, romelic ubiZgebs marTl-
romlebic eklesiis locva-kurTxeviT mimdinareobs da madidebel eklesiebs am moZraobaSi monawileobis misaRebad
romelSic warmarTuli ritualis elementebi gamoiyeneba. da amitom, me Tavs uflebas mivcem movuwodo saqarTvelos
esec konkretuli ganxilvis sagania. TavisTavad, qristia- marTlmadidebel eklesias, rom man izrunos ara marto
nul ritualSi warmarTuli konotacia SesaZloa sruliad saqarTvelos sazogadoebisTvis, aramed mis sazRvrebs miRma.
misaRebi iyos. amas gvaswavlis eklesiis istoria. marTlma- ifiqros mis misiaze saerTo marTlmadideblur ojaxSi, sadac
didebluri sagaloblebi savsea warmarTuli konotaciiT, saqarTvelos Tavisi misia akisria.
Tundac Sobis himnebi gavixsenoT, sadac qristes mzes
vadarebT. l. a.: didi madloba saubrisTvis. bolos, xom ar gsurT
gazeTis furclebze mimarToT qarTvel mkiTxvels, qristes-
l. a.: ra SegiZliaT TqvaT saqarTvelos marTlmadi- mier debs da Zmebs?
debeli eklesiis Sesaxeb? kerZod, mis urTierTobaze sxva
avtokefalur marTlmadidebel eklesiebTan da ekumenur g. l.: me minda ubralod gamovxato is sixaruli,
moZraobasTan? rogor Cans es Jenevidan? romelsac me maniWebs saqarTveloSi yofna. es is qveyanaa,
sadac me yovelTvis ise vgrZnob Tavs, rogorc sakuTar
g. l.: uwinares yovlisa unda vTqva, rom didad vwuxvar saxlSi. SeiZleba imitom, rom me marTlmadidebeli var.
imis gamo, rom saqarTvelos eklesiam, bulgareTis ekle- SeiZleba imitom, rom me mezobeli TurqeTidan var. SeiZleba
siasTan erTad datova ems da eek. me am mwuxarebas imitom, rom me aq bevri megobari myavs. ar vici. faqtia, rom
gamovTqvam ara ems-s gamo, aramed bevrad ufro marTlma- aq Tavs bednierad vgrZnob.
didebelTa erTobisa da TanamSromlobis gamo. mas Semdeg, da me imedi maqvs, rom saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel
rac albaneTis marTlmadidebeli eklesia gaxda ems-s wevri, eklesiaTan TanamSromlobis am axali periodis gamo, im
Cven unikaluri movlena vizeimeT, rodesac uklebliv yvela signalebis gamo, romelic Cven aq miviReT, dawyebuli misi
marTlmadidebeli eklesia am organizaciis wevri gaxda. es uwmindesobisgan, rom sasurvelia urTierTobis garkveuli
mniSvnelovani iyo rogorc marTlmadidebeli eklesiisTvis, formis aRdgena. me imedi mesaxeba, rom kidev mravaljer
aseve ems-Tvis. marTlmadidebeli eklesiebi moiTxovdnen movinaxuleb Tqven qveyanas.
82 marTlmadidebloba da ekumenizmi 83
marTlmadidebel samyaroSi (Tundac imitom, rom sxva

avtokefaluri marTlmadidebeli eklesiebi ar iziareben
amgvar mkveTr antiekumenur ganwyobas).
samwuxaro isaa, rom am or pozicias Soris ar aris
dialogi, aramed ori monologia. oponentebi ar cdiloben,
gaugon erTmaneTs. Cemi mcdelobis mizania, gavugoT Cvens
levan abaSiZe oponents, gadavaqcioT ori monologi dialogad. gavbedav
imis Tqmas, rom Cemi gamocdilebis wyalobiT orive pozicia
marTlmadidebloba da ekumenizmi metnaklebad mesmis.
konfesiaTSorisi urTierToba dakavSirebulia qristi-
rogor unda gavigoT sxvadasxva qristianuli anTa Soris erTobasa da gansxvavebasTan dakavSirebul
konfesiebi anu aRmsareblobebi, rogoria maT Soris urTi- sakiTxebTan. eklesiis uZvelesi principis mixedviT,
erToba da, kerZod, rogori unda iyos urTierToba qristianTa Soris unda iyos: ”umTavresSi _ erToba,
marTlmadideblobasa da sxva konfesiebs Soris. meorexarisxovanSi _ gansxvaveba, yvelaferSi _ siyvaruli.”
es mniSvnelovani sakiTxia. Cvens sazogadoebaSi dRes
aris ori banaki, romelTagan erTi momxrea farTo ekume- 1. umTavresSi - erToba
nuri kavSirebisa da urTierTobebisa, radgan es miaCnia
gonebagaxsnilobisa da progresulobis ganuSorebel atri- daviwyoT iqidan, rom qristianobaSi TviT eklesia
butad, xolo meore masSi xedavs mxolod safrTxes rwmenis sakiTxia. “mrwams... erTi, wmida, kaTolike da
WeSmariti eklesiisa da WeSmariti qristianobisaTvis da samociqulo eklesia...” _ acxadebs morwmune qristiani
momxrea, marTlmadidebeli eklesia srulad gaemijnos mrwamsis warmoTqmisas. imave mrwamss erToblivad warmo-
yovelgvar ekumenizms. Tqvams mTeli eklesia (krebuli) wirvisas. amiT qristianuli
interesisa da azrTa sxvadasxvaobis arseboba TavisTa- eklesia gansxvavdeba nebismieri sxva erTobisagan,
vad ar aris cudi, is SeiZleba iyos niSani cocxali rwme- religiuri erTobebis CaTvliT. arcerT msoflio religi-
nisa, rodesac eklesiis TiToeuli wevri sulac ar aris aSi ar aris am religiis mimdevarTa erToba rwmenis sagani!
gulgrili eklesiis, rogorc erTi mTliani organizmis, TviT qristianTa rwmenis mixedviT, maTi erToba (eklesia
mdgomareobis mimarT. bevrad uaresi iqneboda, sazoga- berZnulad krebuls, Sekrebas niSnavs), ar aris erTi rwmenis
doebas da, kerZod, morwmuneebs srul indiferentuloba adamianTa ubralo erToba. eklesia aris morwmune
rom gamoevlinaT ekumenizmis mimarT da igi mxolod qristianTa erToba, romelzec gadmovida suliwmida.
umaRlesi ierarqiis sazrunavi yofiliyo. SegaxsenebT, rom, eklesiis rwmeniT, suliwmidis gadmosvla
oponentebis poziciebs SeiZleba dadebiTi sawyisi ar aris mxolod erTjeradi movlena, rac daaxloebiT ori
motivaciebi hqondeT. erTi mxare icavs eklesias aTasi wlis win moxda. eklesia marad sulTmofenobaSia.
ekumenizmisgan, vinaidan gulwrfelad miaCnia, rom es moZra- suliwmida myofobs eklesiaSi qveynierebis aRsasrulamde
oba did safrTxes warmoadgens misTvis, xolo meore mxares, da swored amitom aris eklesia erTi, wmida, kaTolike da
SesaZloa, aseve gulwrfelad, awuxebs eklesiis mdgoma- samociqulo. es ki rwmenis sagania, rwmenis, romelic aris
reoba, rodesac mZafri antiekumenuri poziciis gamo xilva uxilavisa. Tu eklesia, rogorc qristianTa erToba
saqarTvelos eklesia TviTizolaciisaken mieqaneba, izola- da organizacia, yvelasTvis xilvadia, suliwmidis myofoba
ciisaken ara marto sxva konfesiebisgan, aramed TviT eklesiaSi mxolod rwmenis TvaliT ixilveba.
84 levan abaSiZe marTlmadidebloba da ekumenizmi 85
aseve rwmenis sakiTxia kidev erTi simbolo _ eklesia erTia qriste) da ar SeiZleba is iyos ori an mravali. xolo
rogorc sxeuli qristesi: “Tqven xarT sxeuli qristesi, rodesac vambobT, rom aris eklesiaTa gaerTianeba (sabWo)
xolo cal-calke misi nawilebi (asoni)” (I kor. 17:27). da masSi Sedis sxvadasxva eklesia, romelTa Sorisac ar
qristianuli rwmenis es sakiTxebi imisaTvis gagaxseneT, aris sarwmunoebrivi erToba, morwmune qristians (ara
rom maTi swori gageba aucilebelia konfesiebs Soris marto marTlmadidebels) uCndeba bunebrivi kiTxva erTi
urTierTobaze msjelobisas. morwmune qristianisTvis wmida eklesiis Sesaxeb. sad aris es erTi eklesia?
eklesiis, eklesiis erTobis sakiTxebi rwmenis sakiTxia da marTlmadeblisTvis sakiTxi SeiZleba ase daisvas: an
ara mxolod organizaciuli. magaliTad, rodesac Cven marTlmadidebeli eklesia aris es erTi eklesia? da maSin
gavigebT, rom zogierTi Cveni marTlmadidebeli Zma (an da) gaugebaria, ratom vuwodebT sxva gaerTianebebs eklesiebs.
did yuradRebas iCens, Tu ra xdeba antioqiis an Soreuli an, Tu eklesia ufro farTod unda gavigoT da marTlma-
amerikis marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi, loculobs Tu ara iq didebeli eklesia mxolod erTi nawilia misi (e.w. ganStoe-
marTlmadidebeli sxva aRmsareblobis qristianebTan, nu bis Teoria), maSin gaugebaria, ratom ar aris xiluli
viCqarebT, gavakritikoT is. nu vityviT, rom es funda- erToba rwmenaSi? es sruliad bunebrivi kiTxvebia. maTi
mentalizmi da antiekumenuri isteriaa. Tu yvela qristiani ignorireba SeuZlebelia ekumenuri moZraobisTvis, vinaidan
erTi sxeulis nawilia, maSin nu gvikvirs, rom viRacas es exeba swored im morwmuneTa rwmenis(!) sakiTxs, romelTa
ainteresebs, ra xdeba am sxeulis sxva nawilSi, Tundac Soris dialogisa da erTobiskenac aris mowodebuli ekume-
antioqiaSi. es magaliTi imisTvis movitane, rom Tavi avari- nuri moZraoba.
doT antiekumenurad ganwyobil adamianTa usafuZvlo, erT-erT pasuxs vpoulobT eklesiaTa msoflios sabWos
dausabuTebel, xelaRebiT kritikas da SevecadoT, gavigoT mier SemuSavebul deklaraciaSi “eklesia, eklesiebi da
maTi pozicia. ra Tqma unda, maTi interesi, midgoma da eklesiaTa msoflio sabWon” (torontos deklaracia):
qmedeba SeiZleba arajansaRi da arasworic iyos. es konkre- “... msoflio saeklesio sabWoSi aseve miiRebian is
tuli ganxilvis sagania da amas qvemoT SevexebiT. eklesiebi, romlebic ar aRiareben sxva eklesiebs am sityvis
sruli da WeSmariti mniSvnelobiT” (eklesiis sazRvrebi.
mrwamsSi naTqvamia, rom eklesia aris erTi. rogor unda Tbilisi, 2000).
gavigoT maSin gamoTqma _ “eklesiaTa dialogi” an “ekle- amgvarad, marTlmadidebeli eklesiis monawileoba
siaTa msoflio sabWo”? eklesia erTia Tu mravali. da Tu ekumenur moZraobaSi ar niSnavs imas, rom igi raime
mravali eklesiis arsebobas davuSvebT, maSin sadRaa Cveni kompromisze midis rwmenasTan mimarTebaSi, rogorc amas
rwmena erTi eklesiisa? ekumenuri moZraobis oponentebi warmoadgenen. marTlmadi-
rasakvirvelia, Tu sityva eklesia aRniSnavs adgilobriv debeli eklesia Tavisi monawileobiT ar aRiarebs
eklesias anu garkveul adgilas mcxovrebi qristianebis eklesiebad nebismier sxva eklesiebs am sityvis sruli da
krebuls, am mniSvnelobiT SeiZleba eklesiebze mravlobiT WeSmariti mniSvnelobiT. marTlmadidebeli Teologebi
ricxvSi saubari. magaliTad, axali aRTqmis wignebSi naxse- yovelTvis aRniSnaven, rom maTTvis mrwamsiseuli “erTi
nebia romis, Tesalonikis, korinTos eklesiebi. am eklesiebs eklesia” marTlmadidebeli eklesiaa.
erTi rwmena da erTi suli hqondaT da isini erTi wmida ekumenisturi moZraobis mowinaaRmdegeebis logika
eklesiis nawilebi iyvnen. amave gagebiT vambobT: saqarTve- xSirad aris Zalian martivi da aradamajerebeli. amis nimu-
los, ruseTis, serbeTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiebi, Tumca Sia serbi sasuliero piris, iustine popoviCis nawerebi.
marTlmadidebeli eklesia erTia. Tavis mkacr antiekumenur brZolas, samwuxarod, is Zalian
pirveli da umTavresi gagebiT, eklesia erTia (rogorc martivi argumentebiT eweva. yoveli statiis pirvelsave
abzacSi mohyavs sityvebi, rom eklesia aris erTi, rom gagebiT, rom maT aqvT qristianuli rwmena, isini Tavs
mociqulebis droidan dawyebuli akrZaluli gvaqvs, qristianebs uwodeben, imave biblias kiTxuloben, rasac Cven
mwvaleblebTan erTad vilocoT. Semdeg modis mWevrmetyve- da xSirad imisaTvis, rom gaverkveT, Tu ra gansxvavebaa
leba, Tu rogor irRveva es yvelaferi ekumenur moZrao- Cvens Soris, seriozuli saRvTismetyvelo ganaTlebaa
baSi, rom es darRvevebi saSinelebaa da misT. CvenSi msgavs saWiro. marTlmadidebel eklesias aucileblad unda
argumentacias mimarTaven, msgavs avtorebs kiTxuloben da hqondes garkveuli pozicia am konfesiaTa qristianebis anu
sruliad ugulvebelyofen im seriozul marTlmadidebel kacobriobis mesamedis mimarT. maTi sruli ignorireba da
Teologebs (florovski, ziziulasi da sxv.), romlebic sakuTar TavSi Caketva eklesiis sikvdilia, vinaidan igi
monawileobas iRebdnen konfesiaTSoris dialogSi da umTavresi principis _ msofliosaTvis gaxsnilobis,
ekumenur moZraobaSi. am monawileobas Tan axlavs misionerobis principis uaryofa iqneboda.
marTlmadidebluri poziciis Rrma codna da dacva. am samwuxarod, eklesiis zogierT warmomadgenels martivi
avtorTa nawerebSi ikveTeba marTlmadideblur tradicia- da primitiuli pasuxi aqvs am problemaze. maTi midgoma
ze dafuZnebuli seriozuli Teologiuri naazrevi, Tu daaxloebiT aseTia: Cven gvaqvs erTaderTi WeSmariti
rogor da ra principebiT Sedis marTlmadidebeli eklesia eklesia, yvela danarCeni konfesia aris mwvalebloba da
konfesiaTSoris dialogSi. maTSi ar aris arc WeSmariteba da arc cxoneba. maTTan
Sevecdebi, mokled gadmovce es midgoma. mimarTeba unda iyos iseTi, rogoric warmarTebTan. isini
rodesac marTlmadidebeli eklesias ambobs, “mrwams xelaxla unda movaqcioT qristianobaze, xolo vinaidan es
erTi wminda kaTolike da samociqulo eklesia”, is gulisx- Zneli da TiTqmis SeuZlebelia, sjobs Tavi davaneboT. Tu
mobs marTlmadidebel eklesias. marTlmadidebelTa rwme- undaT movidnen, moinanion codvebi da Cven maT miviRebT
niT, swored es eklesia inaxavs SeubRalavad da mTeli WeSmariti eklesiis wiaRSi.
sisruliT qristianul rwmenas. am rwmeniT Sedis is dia- samwuxarod, amasac ar sjerdebian da uklebliv yvela
logSi sxva konfesiebTan, xolo TviT es dialogi aucile- aramarTlmadidebel konfesias warmoaCenen, rogorc mtrul
belia, swored eklesiis bunebidan gamomdinare. da saSiS Zalas, romelsac surs Cveni eklesiis wevrTa
eklesiis umTavresi principi aris gaxsniloba gadabireba da Cveni eklesiis mospoba.
msofliosaTvis. Cven gvaxsovs, rom mkvdreTiT aRmdgari amgvari TavdacviT pozaSi mdgomi da SeSinebuli
ieso eubneba mociqulebs: “warvediT da moimowafeniT adamianis pozicia arc sworia da arc sargeblobis momtani.
yovelni warmarTni”, anu yvela eri (xalxi). eklesias unda igi TviT marTlmadidebeli eklesiis tradicias
hqondes swored amgvari aqtiuri misioneruli mimarTeba mis ewinaaRmdegeba da am eklesias uqmnis safrTxes.
gareT arsebul samyarosTan da ar ikavebdes garesamyaros
ugulvebelyofis pozicias. es ar niSnavs imas, rom yoveli warmogidgenT erT magaliTs imis saCveneblad, Tu
qristiani aqtiuri misioneria. yvelas da yovelTvis ara rogori unda iyos mimarTeba sxva qristianul konfesiebTan.
aqvs dakisrebuli qristianobis qadageba, magram eklesia ar marTlmadideblebi mimarTaven anglikanebs:
iviwyebs Tavis misias _ RvTis sityvis gavrcelebas sityviT ”mogmarTavT Tqven, did britaneTSi myofno, qristes
da saqmiT. Tu misioneruli imperativi gaqra, qristianobac mier sayvarelno arqiepiskoposno, episkoposno da yovelno
aRar iqneba. pativdebulno dasno, da gisurvebT yovlad srul madlsa
ras warmoadgens msoflio Cveni eklesiis gareT? da RvTismier cxonebas” (saRvTismetyvelo krebuli, 3, 1988).
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis gareT aris 6 miliardamde cxadia, ase mimarTaven mxolod qristianebi qristianebs.
adamiani da maTi TiTqmis mesamedi qristiania! qristiani im es ar aris Cveni drois ekumenuri moRvaweebis teqsti, es
aRmosavleTis patriarqTa (konstantinopolis, antioqiis, mier gagzavnili qristianuli sarwmunoebis vrceli

ierusalemis...) werilia anglikanebis mimarT, romelic ganmarteba mniSvnelovani sabuTia marTlmadidebeli
TariRdeba XVIII saukunis dasawyisiT! rogorc xedavT, sarwmunoebis gadmocemisa. sainteresoa, rom saqarTvelos
aRmosavleTis patriarqebi sruliadac ar ganixilaven eklesiis antiekumenurad ganwyobili warmomadgenlebi
anglikanebs rogorc mwvaleblebsa da warmarTebs. istori- aqtiurad iyeneben mas. magaliTad, rodesac arqimandriti
uli foni rom ganvixiloT, am patriarqebs dalxenili rafael karelini cdilobs, daamtkicos, rom yvela, vinc
cxovreba ar hqoniaT. isini cxovrobdnen osmaleTis imperi- marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi ar aris monaTluli, ueWvelad
aSi sakmaod mZime situaciaSi da xelisufleba marTlmadi- jojoxeTSi xvdeba (mounaTlavi Cvili bavSvebisa da dedis
debeli eklesiis dasavleTTan kontaqtebs kargi TvaliT ar mucelSi gardacvlilTa CaTvliT), is wers: ”marTlmadi-
uyurebda. debeli qristianisaTvis WeSmaritebis orientirad
amgvari damokidebuleba anglikanur eklesiasTan wyaroebs warmoadgens e.w. simboluri wignebi - sarwmuno-
bunebrivi da gasagebia. anglikanuri eklesia, iseve rog- ebis aRmsareblobis nimuSebi, romlebic miRebulia
orc romis kaTolike eklesia (romelsac igi gamoeyo), marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mier. amJamad aseT wignebad
garda amisa, imxanad anglikanurma eklesiam (gansxvavebiT SegviZlia davasaxeloT: “aRmosavleTis patriarqTa
kaTolikurisgan) gamoavlina keTilganwyoba marTlmadide- pasuxebi anglikan RvTismetyvelTa SekiTxvebze...” (mrevli,
beli eklesiis mimarT da survili, aRmdgariyo saeklesio 2, 1999). samwuxarod, TviT arqimandriti rafaeli ar
erToba. Sedegad, marTlmadidebelTa pasuxma ar daayovna. misdevs aRmosavleTis patriarqebis suliskveTebas ro-
dRes msgavsi situaciaa dasavleTis eklesiebSi. maT gorc aRniSnul werilSi, iseve romis kaTolikur eklesi-
gamoxates araTu keTilganwyoba, aramed sruli aRiareba aze Tavdasxmisas (“literaturuli gazeTi”, 4.01.2002).
marTlmadidebeli eklesiisa, rogorc qristes WeSmariti
eklesiisa, da gulwrfeli survili, aRdges saeklesio 2. meorexarisxovanSi - gansxvavebebi
erToba. aseT SemTxvevaSi, rasakvirvelia, marTlmadide-
belma eklesiam, Tu is sakuTar tradicias misdevs, aseve mniSvnelovani Temaa konfesiaTa Soris gansxvavebaTa
keTilganwyoba, interesi unda gamoavlinos da dialogSi bunebis sakiTxi. ra gansxvavebaa mniSvnelovani erTobis
Caebas. swored amas akeTebs marTlmadidebeli eklesia aRdgenisaTvis da ra ara? ra gansxvavebis daZlevaa acile-
ekumenuri moZraobis farglebSi. beli erTobis aRdgenisaTvis?
rasakvirvelia, ekumenuri moZraobis konkretuli mravali gansxvaveba, iqneba es tradiciebi, ritualebi,
formebi SeiZleba Cveni kritikis sagani iyos. seriozuli arqiteqtura, mxatvroba da a.S. ar aris qristianuli
da konstruqciuli kritika gaismis marTlmadidebel ekle- erTobisaTvis damabrkolebeli. qristianoba mravalfe-
siaSi. amgvari kritikis mizani konfesiaTSorisi dialogis rovnebas arasodes uaryofda. piriqiT, qristianuli erTo-
swori mimarTulebiT warmarTvaa da ara misi sruli ba mravalferovnebas gulisxmobs. erTia suli (suliwmida),
uaryofa. dialogze uaris Tqma da ganurCevlad yvela xolo mravalia misi gamovlineba (niWi anu saCuqari). ekle-
konfesiis warmomadgenelTa mwvaleblebad moxsenieba siaTa gaerTianebisas, rac momxdara warsulSi da SeiZleba
marTlmadideblur eklesias ar Seefereba. amgvari qmedeba moxdes momavalSic, mniSvnelovania, rom orive mxare
ganxeTqilebaSi myof (seqtantur) marTlmadideblur jgu- darwmundes, rom maTSi erTi rwmena da Sesabamisad, erTi
febs ufro axasiaTebs, iseTebs, rogoric berZeni me- sulia (suliwmida). da Tu orive mxare amaSi darwmunda,
Zvelstileni an rusuli katakomburi eklesiaa. maSin erToba bunebrivad aRdgeba; ufro sworad moxdeba
aRmosavleTis patriarqTa werils davubrundeT. maT arsebuli erTobis aRmoCena. amasTan, formaTa da ritu-
alTa unificireba, rac rwmenas ar exeba, saWiro ar aris.1 belze, an rogori wveri unda hqondes mRvdels, gakreWili
samwuxarod, xSirad es ar esmodaT marTlmadideblobis Tu moSvebuli. es aris tradiciis, formisa da ritualis
“damcvelebs”. davisa da kamaTis dros maT argumentacia sakiTxebi. isini pirveli saukunidan mylebuli gansxva-
tradiciaTa imgvar gansxvavebaze iyo koncentrirebuli, vebuli iyo da es erTbas xels ar uSlida. TviT 1054 wlis
romelic ar aris mniSvnelovani erTobisTvis. magaliTad, ganxeTqileba aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis eklesiebs
rogor purze unda moxdes wirva, gafuebulze Tu gaufue- Soris imgvari argumentebiT iyo dasabuTebuli, rom yvela
maTgani bunebrivad moxsnilia (mag. Sesawiri puris Sesaxeb).
1
imisaTvis, rom naTeli gaxdes, Tu rogori midgoma da sulis- meores mxriv, isini ver amCnevdnen im siRrmiseul gansxva-
keTebaa marTlmadidebel da romis kaTolike eklesiebs Soris arse- vebebs, romlebis Semdgom saukuneebSi gamoikveTa, da
buli saRvTismetyvelo dialogis farglebSi, moviyvanT komentars romlebis dRemde ganyofs am or konfesias.
Sereuli saRvTismetyvelo komisiis muSaobis Sesaxeb. (ernst sutn-
rogori iqneba eklesiaTa urTierToba gaerTianebis
eris mixedviT, krebulidan
SemTxvevaSi, Tuki es moxda? zemoT aRniSnul werilSi
, 1998. ix. dialogi #1, 2004, Tbilisi): aRmosavleTis patriarqebi weren: “Tuki dagveTanxmebiT
... zogierT wreebSi SiSoben, rom saRvTismetyvelo dialogis Cven, SeiwynarebT moZRvrebas, romelsac amjerad gamcnebT,
mizania dialogis monawile eklesiaTa kompromisi maT moZRvrebeb- yovelmxriv viqnebiT gaerTianebulni da aRaravis xelewi-
Si arsebul winaaRmdegobaTa sferoSi. magram maTi SiSi usafuZv- feba Cveni gayofa. rac Seexeba danarCen Cveulebebsa da
saeklesio wes-gangebebs, Jamiswirvis aRsrulebis saxes,
loa. kompromisebze saubroben diplomatebi saxelmwifoTa Soris
RvTis wyalobiT erTianobis miRwevis Semdeg amas advilad
molaparakebaTa dros;
da marjved moevleba, vinaidan, rogorc saeklesio-
eklesiaTa Soris dialogis komisias sul sxvagvari amocana ak- istoriuli wignebi gvamcnoben, zogierTi Cveuleba da wes-
isria. igi ver gaaerTianebs eklesiebs, ise, rogorc diplomatebi am- gangeba sxvadasxva adgilas da sxvadasxva eklesiaSi
yareben mSvidobas: eklesiaTa erToba ar aris adamianTa moqmedebis eqvemdebareboda da daeqvemdebareba cvalebadobis kanons,
Sedegi... amgvarad, eklesiaTa erToba RmerTisgan unda modiodes. xolo ganuyofeloba da erTsulovneba rwmenaSi hgies
igi mxolod aRmoCenil SeiZleba iqnes dialogis komisiis mier da
ukunisamde.”
mivaqcioT yuradReba! aRmosavleTis patriarqebi ar
ara damyarebuli molaparakebis Sedegad.
amboben, rom isini ukarnaxeben inglisis eklesias, Tu rogori
komisiam unda Seamowmos, mogvaniWa Tu ara RmerTma yvela auci- wes-gangeba unda iyos maTTan. isini sulac ar moiTxoven
lebeli winapiroba saeklesio erTobisaTvis, - winapirobebi, rom- bizantiuri wesis (RvTismsaxureba, xatwera da misT.)
lebic SesaZloa eklesiebma ver SeniSnes maT Soris arsebul mraval danergvas inglisis eklesiaSi, Tumca es formebi
uTanxmoebaTa gamo. SesaZloa amgvari winapirobebi ar aris. universaluri gaxda mTeli aRmosavleTis marTlmadidebeli
eklesiebisTvis. qristianuli tradiciis erTgulni, isini
Tu keTilsindisieri saRvTismetyvelo muSaobis Sedegad komisia
eZeben sulier erTobas, rac saerTo rwmenaSi gamoixateba.
im daskvnamde miva, rom RvTis mier erToba mocemulia da Cven mx-
olod istoriuli garTulebani gvyofs, maSin igi eklesiebs sqizmis 3. yvelaferSi siyvaruli
Sewyvetas SesTavazebs;...
xolo, Tu komisia seriozul kvlevaTa Sedegad miva sawinaaRm- Tu CavuRrmavdebiT eklesiis tradicias, aRmovaCenT,
dego daskvnamde, mas sxva araferi darCeba, Tu ara samuSaos Sewyveta. rom eklesiis midgoma gandgomilebTan da mwvaleblebTan
TavmdablobiTa da siyvaruliT gamoirCeoda. noeba, es konfesia, es aRmsarebloba, aramed ganpirobe-

eklesiis udidesi maswavlebeli, wmida grigol RvTis- bulia tradiciiT, imiT, Tu ra eTnoss ekuTvnis, ra gare-
metyveli ambobda: „Cven veZiebT ara gamarjvebas, aramed moSi daibada, aRizarda da moxvda.
ZmaTa dabrunebas, romelTagan ganSoreba gvtanjavs Cven”. sxva magaliTia aRmosavleTis eklesia, romelsac marTl-
es aris umTavresi kriteriumi imisa, Tu ramdenad sworia madideblebi asiriul nestorianul eklesias uwodebdnen
marTlmadideblobis damcvelis pozicia. is unda wuxdes (Tumca am eklesias cota aqvs saerTo konstantinopolis
imis gamo, rom qristianuli eklesia gaixliCa, rom pirveli patriarqTan, mwvalebel nestorTan). rodesac dadga saki-
aTaswleulis erTobis Semdeg, TiTqmis aTasi weli marTlma- Txi marTlmadidebel eklesiasTan maTi SesaZlo gaerTiane-
didebloba mxolod aRmosavleTSia. magram, Tu wuxilis bis Sesaxeb, gamoirkva, rom am eklesias, mZime istoriuli
nacvlad cudad SeniRbuli sixaruli da TviTkmayofileba pirobebis Sedegad, arc erTi Teologi ar hyavda! anu, arian
igrZnoba sakuTari aRmatebulobis gamo, es zusti niSania qristianebi, romelTac swamT ieso qriste da saxareba,
imisa, rom am adamianis mimarTeba ar aris swori. magram ar aris adamiani, romelsac SeuZlia am eklesiis
mwvalebelTa da gandgomilTa mimarT IV-V saukuneebSi rwmenis gadmocema, rom gairkves, raSi mdgomareobs gansxva-
miRebuli teqstebis meqanikurad gadmotana dRevandel veba da, Tu is arsebobs, rogor SeiZleba misi gadalaxva.
pirobebSi aseve umarTebuloa. am tradicias, iseve rogorc aseT pirobebSi sruliad gaugebaria, raSi gamoixateba maTi
nebismier saeklesio tradicias, swori gageba da gaTaviseba mwvalebloba da ratom ar SeiZleba maTi miReba marTlma-
sWirdeba. didebeli eklesiis wiaRSi. ruseTis marTlmadidebeli
isev magaliTs gavixseneb: me viyavi wminda ninos gziT eklesia miiRebda asiriuli eklesias marTlmadideblobis
pirveli msvlelobis monawile 1989 wels. Cven SevdiodiT wiaRSi, rom ara 1917 wlis katastrofa.
sxvadasxva _ somxur da qarTul soflebSi. aq araferi erT-erT interviuSi konstantinopolisa da msoflio
icodnen qristianobis Sesaxeb, saxarebaze saerTod ar patriarqi barTlome I ambobda: „maTi (garkveuli konfesie-
hqondaT warmodgena. erTaderTi, rac icodnen, iyo is, rom bis) mimdevrebi damaarseblebis imdenad Soreuli STamo-
isini qristianebi arian. rasakvirvelia, vesaubrebodiT mavlebi arian, rom didi usamarTloba iqneba, maT mimarT
elementarulze, risi Tqmac SeiZleboda erT dReSi. me vinmem simkacre gamoiCinos.”(gazeTi kavkasioni, #39, 1999). am
vfiqrobdi imis Sesaxeb, rom xval-zeg gaixsneba eklesiebi. ubralo sityvebSi meti simarTle da siyvarulia, vidre
erTi sofeli iqneba marTlmadidebluri da meore, rogorc ekumenuri moZraobis winaaRmdeg daweril mraval wignSi.
TviTon uwodeben, somxuri marTlmadidebluri anu,
rogorc Cven vambobT, grigorianuli. isini gaxdebian ***
erTmaneTisaTvis miuRebeli konfesiebis wevrebi. SeiZleba Tu marTlmadideblebs marTlac swamT, rom maTma
iTqvas, rom erTmaneTisaTvis iqnebian mwvaleblebi, rogorc eklesiam mTeli sisruliT da SeubRalavad Seinaxa pirveli
es iyo istoriis ganmavlobaSi. gansxvaveba am or tradicias eklesiis WeSmariti rwmena, maSin maTi valia, gauziaron es
Soris imdenad rTulia, rom Cveni mRvdlebis umetesobac ki simdidre sxvas da ar daflan miwaSi saxarebiseul boroti
sworad ver agixsniT mas. es sakmaod rTuli Teologiaa, monis msgavsad. amgvari gaziareba ki mxolod dialogisa da
romlis Rrmad codnaa saWiro, raTa CavwvdeT, gavigoT keTilganwyobis pirobebSia SesaZlebeli da sruliad
arsi V-VII saukuneebSi ganviTarebul davisa da kamaTisa, SeuZlebelia agresiuli TavdacviTi (an TavdasxmiTi) poli-
ramac migviyvana am gansxvavebamde. amiT imis Tqma minda, rom tikis pirobebSi.
am konfesiebSi Zalian bevri ram gansazRvrulia ara imiT, konfesiaTa Soris urTierTobis saboloo mizani erTo-
rom adamianma guliT, gonebiT miiRos swored es sarwmu- bis aRdgena unda iyo. ganxorcieldeba es Tu ara, ukve meore
94 levan abaSiZe
sakiTxia da is mxolod Cvenze ar aris damokidebuli. saub-

ris Tema ar SeiZleba iyos kompromisebi sarwmunoebis sakiT-
xebze. dialogis umTavresi Tema unda iyos erTmaneTis
gageba da im gansxvavebebis gaazreba, romelnic, Cveni
azriT, arsebobs.
aseTi dialogi da gansxvavebebis gadalaxvis mcdeloba
ar aris axali. mTeli eklesiis istoria, samwuxarod, aris
ganxeTqilebebis istoria da, sabednierod, istoria am
ganxeTqilebebis daZlevisa. nebismier saukuneSi SexvdebiT
ara marto ganxeTqilebebs, aramed maTi daZlevis gzebsa da
saSualebebsac. aviRoT aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis
istoria. Zalian xSirad, aTeulobiT wlebis ganmavlobaSi
isini ganxeTqilebaSi iyvnen erTmaneTTan, ar hqondaT
kavSiri, magram Semdeg momxdara erTobis aRdgena.
gaerTianebisas arc erTi mxare ar misula meoresTan
patiebis saTxovnelad, rogorc uZRebi Svili. orivem
gadawyvita, rom maT Soris ar yofila gansxvavebebi, an isini
moixsna da Tavdapirveli erToba bunebrivad aRdga.
amitom, erTi mxriv, gaumarTlebelia metismetad
optimisturi, Zalian gaadvilebuli, swrafad erTobis
miRwevis idea. is dafuZnebulia Tanamedrove saero kul-
turidan Setanili politikuri koreqtulobisa da
tolerantobis ideaze da realurad SeuZlebelia. meore
mxriv ki, gaumarTlebelia sruli gaucxoeba sxva konfesie-
bis mimarT, Tavdacvasa da maT kritikaze agebuli rito-
rika. Cemi azriT, arc erTi da arc meore ar eTanxmeba
eklesiis wmida gadmocemas.

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1

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Zurab Kiknadze. zurab kiknaZe.

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WITNESS OFTHE EARLY, UNDIVIDED CHURCH ganuyofeli eklesiis mowmoba

PASTORAL THEOLOGY samoZRvro RvTismetyveleba

Rev. Cyprian Kern. arqimandriti kvipriane kerni.

CHRISTIAN THOUGHT qristianuli azri

Rev. Georges Florovskij. dekanozi georgi florovski.

INTERCONFESSIONALRELATIONSAND ECUMENICALMOVEMENT konfesiaTSorisi urTierToba

Levan Abashidze. levan abaSiZe.

SesaZloa, bunebas meti ganecada im RamiT, rogorc

kiTxvebze: ra aris sinanuli, ratom gvWirdeba Cven igi,

bulia saxarebaSi: “sadaca ars saunje Tqueni, - gveubneba

saqme unda gvqondes uaxloes saukuneebSi Sesrulebul

gamo. SeucniaT; ganeltvian sikeTes da marTlmsajulebas; keTi-

movedin sufeva Seni, rac gagvicxade Seni Zis iesus mier.

Zveli berZnulidan Targmna

iyos momzadebuli, rom zedmiwevniT farTo gonebrivi

Ta cxovreba da asketikuri krebulebi ki ar inaxeboda. sityvas goniers, Caxeduls da dasabuTebuls. marTlmadide-

kaSic werda statiebs. miZinebis taZris ukanaskneli SuaSia.

moaxdina Tavis Tanamedrove filosofiur mimdinareobebze.

gamoacalkevebda im sagnebisgan esqatologiur zRurblze bad, gadagvarda siyalbed, orazrovnebad da Zaladobad.

dawyebuli Jamnobidan damTavrebuli wirviT, Cven vlocu-

Teologiur da eklesiologiur sakiTxebze, SevikriboT eklesiebma da marTlmadidebelma Teologebma naTlad

RvTismsaxurebas gulisxmobs. ramdenad Seesabameba es ems-is reformirebas da cdilobdnen SeenarCunebinaT

marTlmadidebel samyaroSi (Tundac imitom, rom sxva

aRmosavleTis patriarqTa (konstantinopolis, antioqiis, mier gagzavnili qristianuli sarwmunoebis vrceli

TavmdablobiTa da siyvaruliT gamoirCeoda. noeba, es konfesia, es aRmsarebloba, aramed ganpirobe-

sakiTxia da is mxolod Cvenze ar aris damokidebuli. saub-

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