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Institution :
The EU has a number of institutionas that play key roles among them :
The European Commission that is the executive body of the eu. It draws up proposals for new
legislation, and presents them to the European Parliament and the Council. It puts into practice
policies and the EU budget
The Council of the European Union is the EU’s principal decision-making body. The Council of the EU
represents the member states' governments. It passes EU LAWS ALONG WITH the European
Parliament .the latter The is the decision-making body of the Europe union . it is elected directly
every five years by the people of the members . under The Lisbon Treaty, the parliament has given
further powers. The Lisbon treaty not only gave the Parliament the same law-making powers as the
Council but also to approve thE EU budget AND TO HAVE supervisory responsibilities .
together , they present the main institutions involved in EU legislation: In fact, the Commission
proposes laws, and the Parliament and Council adopt them. then, they are implemented by the
commission
AMONG THE OTHER institutions , there is The Court of Justice of the European Union that is the
judicial body of the EU It Ensures that EU law is interpreted and applied the same in each EU
countrie; and that it is respected by EU institutions and member states .Tt also resolves legal
disputes between national governments and EU institutions.
The European Central Bank also as it : manages EU economic & monetary policy, with the euro as a
common european currency.
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The EU agencies are legal entities different from the institutions. They perform particular
tasks under EU law.
Actually, There are several types of agencies:
Decentralized agencies contribute to the implementation of EU policies. They promote
collaboration between the EU governments through the specialist expertise from the EU
institutions and national authorities.
There is also the Agencies under Common Security and Defence Policy that perform special
tasks within the framework of the European Union’s Common Security and Defence Policy.
Concerning the EURATOM agencies and bodies, They were created in order to support the
plans of the European Atomic Energy Community Treaty (EURATOM) as for example
coordinating national nuclear research programs for peaceful purposes.
an example of an agency is European Defence Agency (EDA) that was established in 2004 to

help the 26 Member States (all EU countries except Denmark) to strengthen their military
resources and introduce solutions to develop defense abilities.
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Source of law :
The European Union (EU) has a legal system and as it is based on law, This means that every
action taken by the EU is established on treaties that have been approved by all EU members.
Treaties are the main sources of primary law establishing the EU: mainly the Treaty on the
EU, the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU —. These treaties determine the legal framework
in which the EU institutions are working to implement policies, In addittion ,the treaty is a
binding agreement between the members that precise how decisions are made and the
relationship between the EU and its member countries.
The law that is based on the principles and objectives of the treaties is recognized as
secondary law; and includes regulations, directives, decisions, recommendations and opinions
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Foreign policy :
The EU’s joint foreign and security policy is based on diplomacy and respect for international
rules, and endeavors to:
 maintain peace
 increase international security
 support international cooperation
 promote democracy, the rule of law and respect for human rights
The Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) is the security and defence policy for the
EU. It forms an integral part of the EU’s foreign policy, the Common Foreign and Security
Policy (CFSP).It was established by the Treaty of Maastricht, in 1993, and was strengthened
by other treaties as the Lisbon Treaty (2009). The aim of the policy is the founding of a
common European defense capability.
In foreign policy, the EU's ultimate decision-making body is the European Council, . the
foreign and security policy decisions demand the approval of all EU memberes.
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Military and civilian missions and operations :
The EU has no standing army, thus it relies on ad hoc forces provided by EU members. The
EU can send missions to the world’s trouble spots; to preserve law and order, participate in
peacekeeping efforts or provide humanitarian aid to affected populations.
• Under the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP), the EU takes a principle
role in peacekeeping operations, conflict prevention and the strengthening of
international security. the EU has undertaken 36 overseas operations, using civilian
and military missions and operations in several countries in different continents
(Europe , Africa, Asia). as part of its Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP).
Actually, there are 17 ongoing CSDP missions and operations : 11 civilian, and 6
military operations.
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UN and Eu :
In 2011, the UN General Assembly adopted Resolution A/65/276 (sixty five , two handreds
and seventy 6) that allow the EU to upgrade its political status in the General Assembly as
an observer . This enables the EU to present common positions, make interventions, introduce
proposals and participate in the general debate each September as well as it allows EU
representatives to speak on behalf of the EU and its Member States in the UN. It has
sometimes a “full participant” status in important UN conferences, for example, the UN
Conference on Financing for Develpment. The EU adopts annual priorities for its relations
with the UN. These shows that the EU is engaged in strengthening the United Nations .
Finally , From promoting EU-UN political partnership to cooperating in various areas , their
relation has become stronger
Final slide : conclusion

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an example of an agency is European Defence Agency (EDA) that was established in 2004 to

 increase international security

 support international cooperation

Military and civilian missions and operations :

Final slide : conclusion

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