Designation: F 844 – 00

Standard Specification for

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Washers, Steel, Plain (Flat), Unhardened for General Use1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 844; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of

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original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

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1. Scope * cal Properties and Performance Inspection7
1.1 This specification covers round and miscellaneous shape 2.2 ANSI/ASME Standards:

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steel plain (flat) washers furnished in an unhardened condition. B18.22.1 Plain Washers8
1.2 The washers are intended for general use bolt, nut, and B18.24.1 Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code System9
2.3 Military Specification:

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stud applications to provide increased bearing surface, spacing,
and to prevent galling. DOD-P-16232 Phosphate Coating for Ferrous Metals10
1.3 Unless otherwise specified, the washers are furnished 2.4 Federal Specification:
with dimensions conforming to American National Standard QQ-P-416 Plating, Cadmium (Electrodeposited)10

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B18.22.1 , Type A, Tables 1A and Tables 1B.
3. Ordering Information
1.4 Hardened washers for use with heat-treated structural

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bolts are covered by Specifications F 436 and F 436M. 3.1 Orders for washers under this specification shall in-

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clude:
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.1 Quantity (number of pieces of same item and size).
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3.1.2 Name of item (steel plain washers).
A 29/A29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy,
Hot-Wrought and Cold-Finished, General Requirements ar
3.1.3 Size (Nominal inside diameter and thickness. Include
outside diameter, when required).
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for2 3.2 The following requirements are optional and may be
A 153 Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and specified when required:
Steel Hardware3 3.2.1 Dimensions if other than ANSI B18.22.1, Type A.
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A 568/A568M Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon, and 3.2.2 Finish if other than oiled (see 4.3 through 4.3.6).
High-Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled, 3.2.3 Chemical composition, if required (see 5.1.2).
General Requirements for4 3.2.4 Hardness, if required (see 6.2).
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A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for 3.2.5 Shipment lot Testing, if required (see 9.2).
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Chemical Analysis of Steel Products4 3.2.6 Test Reports, if required (see Section 12).
B 633 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc 3.2.7 Marking, if required (see 14.1).
on Iron and Steel5 3.2.8 For establishment of a part identifying system, see
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B 695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically ASME B18.24.1.

Deposited on Iron and Steel5
4. Materials and Manufacture
D 3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging6
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F 436 Specification for Hardened Steel Washers7 4.1 Material—The washers shall be punched from hot-
F 436M Specification for Hardened Steel Washers [Metric]7 rolled, hot-rolled and pickled, or cold-rolled steel; or shall be
machined from bar stock or tubing; or shall be forged at the
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F 606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Prop-

erties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners, manufacturer’s option.
Washers, and Rivets7 4.2 Burr Removal—The washers shall be tumbled, vibrated,
F 1470 Guide for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechani- or otherwise processed to minimize burrs.
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4.3 Protective Finishes:

4.3.1 Unprotected Washers—Unless otherwise specified,
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This specification is under the jurisdiction of Committee F16 on Fasteners and the washer shall be furnished plain, with no protective finish
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is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts, Nuts, Rivets, and other than oil to minimize rusting.
Washers.
Current edition approved May 10, 2000. Published July 2000. Originally
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published as F 844–83. Last previous edition F 844 – 98.

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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05. Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street,
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.06. 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03. Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Three Park
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.05. Avenue, New York, NY 10016–5990.
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09. Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D,
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.08. 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

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 F 844
4.3.2 Zinc Coatings, Hot-Dip and Mechanically Deposited: of the manufacturer, be reported instead of product analysis.
4.3.2.1 When zinc-coated washers are required, the pur- 5.3 Product Analysis—When specific chemical require-
chaser shall specify the zinc-coating process, such as “hot dip,” ments have been specified, the purchaser reserves the right to

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“mechanically deposited,” or “no preference.” conduct product analyses on the finished washers or request the
4.3.2.2 When “hot-dip” is specified, the washers shall be manufacturer to conduct product analyses. The chemical com-
zinc-coated by hot dipping in accordance with the requirements position thus determined shall conform to the specified require-
of Class C of Specification A 153. ments subject to the standard permissible variations for product

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4.3.2.3 When “mechanically deposited” is specified, the analysis in Specification A 568/A 568M for washers punched
washers shall be zinc-coated by mechanical deposition in from sheet; and Specification A 29 for washers machined from
accordance with the requirements of Class 50 of Specification bar and tubing, or forged.

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B 695.
4.3.2.4 When “no preference” is specified, the supplier shall 6. Mechanical Properties

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furnish either a hot-dip zinc coating in accordance with 6.1 Unless otherwise specified, the washers are not fur-
Specification A 153, Class C or a mechanically deposited zinc nished to mechanical requirements.
coating in accordance with Specification B 695, Class 50.

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6.2 When required and specified, the washers shall conform
4.3.3 Cadmium Plating—Cadmium plated washers shall be to the specified hardness.
cadmium plated by electrodeposition and yellow chromate
treated in accordance with Federal Specification QQ-P-416,

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7. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations
Type II, Class 3.
4.3.4 Zinc Plating, Electroplated and Mechanically Depos- 7.1 Standard Dimensions—Unless otherwise specified, the

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ited: dimension shall be in accordance with ANSI B18.22.1, Tables

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4.3.4.1 When zinc plated washers are required, the pur- 1A and Tables 1B for Type A washers. Where narrow (N) and
chaser shall specify the zinc plating process such as “electro- wide (W) washers are provided for, the narrow type shall be
plating” or “mechanical plating” or “no preference”. furnished unless otherwise specified.
4.3.4.2 When “electroplating” is specified, the washer shall
be zinc plated by electrodeposition in accordance with Speci- ar
7.2 Non-Standard Dimensions—Other washers covered by
this specification are generally referred to as US standard
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fication B 633, Class Fe/Zn 5, Type II unless otherwise washers, SAE washers, light steel washers, riveting washers,
specified. See Specification B 633 for other thickness classes fender washers, machinery bushing washers, machine screw
and finish types. washers, and similar designations. When specified, washers
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4.3.4.3 When “mechanical plating” is specified, the washer shall be furnished to these standards or shall be manufactured
shall be zinc plated by mechanical deposition in accordance to the purchasers drawing requirements.
with Specification B 695, Class 5, Type II unless otherwise 7.3 Parallelism—Washer faces shall be parallel within
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specified. See Specification B 695 for other thickness classes 0.005 in.
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and finish types. 7.4 Flatness:

4.3.4.4 When “no preference” is specified, the supplier, at 7.4.1 Washer faces shall be flat within the following require-
ments:
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his option, shall furnish either an electroplated finish in

accordance with Specification B 633, Class Fe/Zn 5, Type II, or Outside Diameter, Out of Flat, inches,
a mechanically plated finish in accordance with Specification inches maximum
0.500 and less 0.007
B 695, Class 5, Type II.
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0.5625 through 1.250 0.010

4.3.5 Phosphate Coating—Phosphate coated washers shall over 1.250 0.015
be coated in accordance with Military Specification DOD-P- 7.4.2 Flatness shall be measured by laying a flat or concave
16232, Type Z, Class 2.
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side of the washer, if there is one, on a surface plate (so it rests

4.3.6 Other Coatings—Other protective coatings shall be as on its outside diameter), and measuring the maximum differ-
specified by the purchaser. ence in height of the other side above the surface plate. If both
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5. Chemical Composition sides are convex, or if the washer is bent, both sides could be
checked in the same manner, but:
5.1 Composition Limits:
5.1.1 The washers shall be steel, and unless otherwise 7.4.2.1 A convex side will rest on the edge of the hole.
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specified, shall have no specified chemical composition re- 7.4.2.2 A bent (curved) washer shall be restrained to mini-
quirements. mize the readings.
7.5 Runout—The runout of the outside diameter relative to
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5.1.2 When required, the washers shall be specified to

conform to specific chemical requirements. the inside diameter shall not exceed a full indicator movement
5.2 Manufacturer’s Analysis—When specific chemical re- (FIM) equal to the inside diameter tolerance of ANSI B18.22.1
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quirements have been specified and test reports are required, .

the manufacturer shall make individual analyses of randomly
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selected washers from the product to be shipped and report the 8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
results to the purchaser. In addition, if heat and lot identities 8.1 Within the limits of good manufacturing practice, the
have been maintained, the analysis of the raw material from washers shall be smooth, and free of burrs, loose scale, sharp
which the fasteners have been manufactured shall, at the option edges, and other injurious imperfections.

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 F 844
8.2 Where protective finishes are specified, the require- certification that the product was manufactured and tested in
ments for the finish shall be in accordance with the require- accordance with this specification and conforms to all specified
ments of the referenced specification. requirements.

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12.2 Test Reports, Normal Inspection— When test reports
9. Number of Tests and Retests are specified on the purchase order for normal inspection as
9.1 When mechanical requirements are specified, and for provided for by 9.1, the manufacturer shall furnish a test report
coating weight or thickness of coated products, the number of certified to be the last complete set of mechanical tests for each

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tests for each requirement specified shall be in accordance with stock size in each shipment.
Guide F 1470, sampling level for the detection process; unless 12.3 Test Reports, Individual Shipments— When shipment
the purchaser and manufacturer have mutually agreed to use lot testing in accordance with 9.2 is specified in the contract or

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the prevention process. See Guide F 1470 on Selection of purchase order, the manufacturer shall furnish a test report
Sampling Plans. showing the results of the tests required for each lot shipped.

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9.2 If the failure of a test specimen is due to improper
13. Responsibility
preparation of the specimen or to incorrect testing technique,
the specimen shall be discarded and another test specimen 13.1 The party responsible for the fastener shall be the

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substituted. organization that supplies the fastener to the purchaser and
certifies that the fastener was manufactured, sampled, tested
10. Test Methods and inspected in accordance with this specification and meets

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10.1 Chemical Analysis—The chemical composition shall all of its requirements.
be determined by commercial test method. In the event of 14. Product Marking

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disagreement, chemical tests shall be made in accordance with

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14.1 Individual washers are not required to be marked.
Test Methods A 751.
10.2 Mechanical Tests—Hardness tests, when required, 15. Packaging and Package Marking
shall be performed in accordance with Test Methods F 606.
11. Inspection ar
15.1 Packaging:
15.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, packaging shall be in
accordance with Practice D 3951.
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11.1 The purchaser’s representative representing the pur- 15.1.2 When special packaging requirements are required,
chaser shall have free entry to all parts of the manufacturer’s they shall be defined at the time of the inquiry and order.
works that concern the manufacture of the material ordered. 15.2 Package Marking:
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The manufacturer shall afford the purchaser’s representative all 15.2.1 Each shipping unit shall include or be plainly marked
reasonable facilities to satisfy that the material is being with the following information:
furnished in accordance with this specification. All tests and
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15.2.1.1 ASTM designation,

inspections required by the specification that are requested by 15.2.1.2 Size,
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the purchaser’s representative shall be made prior to shipment, 15.2.1.3 Name and brand or trademark of the manufacturer,
and shall be conducted so as not to interfere unnecessarily with 15.2.1.4 Number of pieces,
the operation of the works.
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15.2.1.5 Purchase order number, and

15.2.1.6 Country of origin.
12. Certification
12.1 Certificate of Compliance—When specified in the 16. Keywords
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contract or purchase order, the manufacturer shall furnish 16.1 carbon steel; plain; steel; washers
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SUMMARY OF CHANGES
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This section identifies the location of selected changes to this specification that have been incorporated since
the –98 issue. For the convenience of the user, Committee F16 has highlighted those changes that may impact
the use of this specification. This section may also include descriptions of the changes or reasons for the changes,
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or both.
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(1) Added 3.2.8, providing for optional use of ASME

B18.24.1, Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code System.
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 F 844
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with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such
patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

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if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
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views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.

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This standard is copyrighted by ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above address or at
610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or [email protected] (e-mail); or through the ASTM website (www.astm.org).

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