NCM 112 – Cardio 11/10/2020

The nurse is caring for a client with respiratory acidosis due to a benzodiazepine overdose. Which of the
following nursing interventions are appropriate for this client? Select all that apply.
 Insert a nasogastric tube
 Administer flumazenil as ordered
 Monitor respiratory status
 Administer alprazolam as ordered
 Provide supplemental oxygen

Question 2 of 10
A client is scheduled for a BAL, or bronchoalveolar lavage. What is the best description of this procedure?
 Suctioning sputum from the nose
 Washing the skin over the chest
 Washing out of the airways of the lungs
 Cleaning out the back of the throat

Question 3 of 10
A nurse checks a client’s oxygen saturation by using a bedside sensory probe. The client has pneumonia
that is currently being treated with antibiotics. When the nurse places the pulse oximeter probe on the
client, the first reading she notes is 89 percent. Which of the following actions should the nurse perform
first?
 Contact the provider for a chest x-ray
 Raise the head of the bed and ask the client to take a deep breath
 Administer 100 percent oxygen and monitor the pulse oximetry until it reaches 95 percent
 Assess the probe site to ensure an accurate reading

Question 4 of 10
A nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of respiratory alkalosis. Which pH finding would be consistent
with this diagnosis?
 7.29
 7.35
 7.49
 7.45

Question 5 of 10
A nurse is caring for a client who is recovering from a chest injury. The provider orders arterial blood gases
for the client. The results are pH 7.26, pCO2 52 mmHg, HCO3 25 mmHg, and oxygen saturation 92 percent.
Which of the following best describes this client’s condition?
 Respiratory acidosis
 Metabolic alkalosis
 Respiratory alkalosis
 Metabolic acidosis

Question 6 of 10
Which best describes the purpose of pursed-lip breathing in the client with COPD?
 To exercise the muscles of the diaphragm
 To strengthen the muscles of the rib cage
 To balance the effects of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the bloodstream
 To reduce the overall work of breathing

Question 7 of 10
A client being treated for asthma needs to take the next dose of bronchodilator medication. After
administering the drug, the nurse notes that the nursing assistant is passing out breakfast trays. Which of
the following items on the breakfast tray should the nurse discuss with the client before the client
consumes breakfast?
 Coffee
 Eggs
 Waffles
 Grapefruit juice

Question 8 of 10
The nurse is caring for a client with tuberculosis and is giving report to the oncoming nurse. Which of the
following statements is most appropriate?
 "The client screened positive for TB so I have stocked surgical masks outside the room"
 "The client is positive for TB and will require enteric precautions"
 "Since the client has started TB treatment, there are only 24 hours left for isolation precautions"
 "The client is positive for TB and will require airborne precautions"

Question 9 of 10
A client is in need of an emergency tracheostomy. Which of the following scenarios does this involve?
 A puncture is made through the cricothyroid cartilage
 A tube is passed into the mouth and through the larynx
 A tube is passed through the nose and into the trachea
 A surgical incision is made into the trachea

Question 10 of 10
A nurse walks into a client’s room and discovers that the client is in respiratory distress. The client has
tracheal deviation to the right side. The nurse knows to prepare for which of the following emergent
procedures?
 Tracheostomy
 Chest tube insertion on the left side
 Chest tube insertion on the right side
 Intubation

Bronchodilators are a class of drug often used in the treatment of asthma and COPD, which act on β-adrenergic
receptors of the airways to induce smooth muscle relaxation. The anatomic distribution of these receptors is
closely correlated to the function of each structural component of the lungs. What structural component(s) of the
airway would be most affected by the use of a bronchodilator, and in what functional zone(s) are they found?

 (Choice A)

A
Lobar bronchi and alveoli would be affected equally, and they are both found in the respiratory zone

 (Choice B)
 B
Lobar bronchi and alveoli would be affected equally, and they are found in the conducting and respiratory zones
respectively

 (Choice C)

C
Lobar bronchi, which are found in the conducting zone

 (Choice D)

D
Alveoli, which are found in the respiratory zone

What produces the force which drives normal exhalation, and is the process active or passive?
Choose 1 answer:
 (Choice A)

A
Diaphragm, active

 (Choice B)

B
Intercostal muscles, active

 (Choice C)

C
Elastic force, passive

 (Choice D)

D
Reflex arcs, passive

In a situation where the respiratory bronchioles become inflamed and narrowed, such as is seen in asthma,
which aspect of respiration would be most mechanically impaired?
Choose 1 answer:
 (Choice A, Incorrect)

INCORRECT
Normal expiration

 (Choice B, Incorrect)

INCORRECT
Forced inhalation

 (Choice C, Incorrect)

INCORRECT
Normal inhalation

 (Choice D, Checked, Correct)

CORRECT (SELECTED)
Forced expiration

What is the pressure of gas within the alveoli at the peak of inspiration, just before expiration, relative to that of
atmospheric air?
Choose 1 answer:
 (Choice A, Incorrect)

INCORRECT
Less than atmospheric air

 (Choice B, Incorrect)
 INCORRECT
Greater than atmospheric air

 (Choice C, Incorrect)

INCORRECT
Cannot be predicted without more information

 (Choice D, Checked, Correct)

CORRECT (SELECTED)
The same as atmospheric air

The partial pressures of carbon dioxide (pCO_2pCO2p, C, O, start subscript, 2, end subscript) and oxygen (pO_2pO2p,
O, start subscript, 2, end subscript) in the atmosphere at sea level are 0.3 mmHg and 160 mmHg respectively, but the partial
pressures of these gases in blood leaving the lungs are 40 mmHg (pCO_2pCO2p, C, O, start subscript, 2, end
subscript)and 95 mmHg (pO_2pO2p, O, start subscript, 2, end subscript). What factor most likely accounts for this
difference?
Choose 1 answer:
Choose 1 answer:

(Choice A)

A
CO_2CO2C, O, start subscript, 2, end subscript penetrates more deeply into small airways than O_2O2O, start
subscript, 2, end subscript


(Choice B)

B
CO_2CO2C, O, start subscript, 2, end subscript is less soluble in the blood than O_2O2O, start subscript, 2, end
subscript


(Choice C)

C
O_2O2O, start subscript, 2, end subscript penetrates more deeply into small airways than CO_2CO2C, O, start
subscript, 2, end subscript


(Choice D)

D
CO_2CO2C, O, start subscript, 2, end subscript is more soluble in the blood than O_2O2

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) refers to a set of conditions which affect the pulmonary interstitium-- the area of
tissue and space which lies between the alveoli and alveolar capillaries. What factor in the setting of severe ILD,
would NOT decrease the extent to which oxygen passes from the air sacs of the lungs into the blood?
Choose 1 answer:
 (Choice A)

A
Decreased interstitial thickness

 (Choice B)

B
Increased lung elastic recoil

 (Choice C)
 C
Decreased lung capacity

 (Choice D)

D
Increased alveolar surface tension

Septic shock is a serious condition resulting from the body’s response to systemic bacterial infections, which
may impair oxygen uptake and delivery. What physiological change may result from septic shock which would
decrease the ability of hemoglobin in the alveolar capillaries to become fully saturated with oxygen?
Choose 1 answer:
 (Choice A)

A
Increased blood pH

 (Choice B)

B
Decreased afferent capillary pO_2pO2p, O, start subscript, 2, end subscript

 (Choice C)

C
Increased capillary blood flow

 (Choice D)

D
Decreased alveolar wall thickness

How might central and peripheral chemoreceptors compare with regard to their role in the detection of
respiratory gases resulting from a prolonged period of hypoventilation?
Choose 1 answer:
 (Choice A)

A
Central chemoreceptors and peripheral chemoreceptors may both respond to the resultant decrease in pO_2pO2p,
O, start subscript, 2, end subscript, but only peripheral chemoreceptors could respond to the increase
in pCO_2pCO2p, C, O, start subscript, 2, end subscript

 (Choice B)

B
Central chemoreceptors and peripheral chemoreceptors may both respond to the
resultant decrease in pCO_2pCO2p, C, O, start subscript, 2, end subscript, but only peripheral chemoreceptors
could respond to the increase in pO_2pO2p, O, start subscript, 2, end subscript

 (Choice C)

C
Central chemoreceptors and peripheral chemoreceptors may both respond to the
resultant increase in pCO_2pCO2p, C, O, start subscript, 2, end subscript, but only peripheral chemoreceptors
could respond to the decrease in pO_2pO2p, O, start subscript, 2, end subscript

 (Choice D)

D
Central chemoreceptors and peripheral chemoreceptors may both respond to the resultant increase in pO_2pO2p, O, start
subscript, 2, end subscript, but only peripheral chemoreceptors could respond to the decrease in pCO_2pCO2
Many respiratory diseases affect pulmonary function by altering the ability of alveoli to participate in gas
exchange. What physical change would most greatly reduce the degree to which a particular alveolus is
ventilated?
Choose 1 answer:
 (Choice A, Checked, Correct)

CORRECT (SELECTED)
Increased alveolar elastic recoil

 (Choice B, Incorrect)

INCORRECT
Decreased capillary flow

 (Choice C, Incorrect)

INCORRECT
Increased alveolar volume

 (Choice D, Incorrect)

INCORRECT
Decreased temperature

If the mouth and nose are closed at the peak of a complete inspiration, but before expiration, and the breath is
held, what is the pressure of gases within the alveoli relative to the pressure of atmospheric air?
Choose 1 answer:
 (Choice A)

A
Alveolar pressure is greater than the pressure of atmospheric air

 (Choice B)

B
Alveolar pressure is equal to the pressure of atmospheric air

 (Choice C)

C
Alveolar pressure is less than the pressure of atmospheric air

 (Choice D)

D
Cannot be predicted without more information