NURSING CARE PLAN FOR 

IMFLAMMATION

ASSESSMENT NURSING INFERENCE OBJECTIVES NURSING RATIONALE EVALUATION

DIAGNOSIS INTERVENTION

Subjective: Acute pain r/t Abdominal Short Term: Independent:

biologic pain and After 3 hours of Short Term:
“Ang sakit ng agents tenderness and effective  Investigate verbal  Pain is often After 3 hours of
tiyan at ditto sa (pancreatic back pain nursing reports of pain, diffuse, effective nursing
baba ng likod inflammation results from intervention, noting specific severe and care the client
ko” as verbalized and enzyme irritation and patient will location and unrelenting in
reported decrease
by the patient. leakage) edema of the report decrease intensity. acute or
inflamed amount and hemorrhagic in amount of
Objective: pancreas, frequency of pancreatitis. frequency of pain
 Swollen or which pain. as evidenced by
tender stimulate the  Maintain bed rest  Decreases no guarding
abdomen nerve endings, Long Term: during acute metabolic behavior.
 Vomited increased After 3 days of attack, provide rate and GI GOAL MET
twice tension on the effective quiet, restful stimulation/s
 VS taken as pancreatic nursing environment. ecretions, Long Term:
follows: capsule and intervention, thereby After 3 days of
BP: 130/80 obstruction of client will reducing
effective nursing
mmHg the pancreatic report pain pancreatic
RR: 18 cpm ducts also relief or activity. care the patient
PR: 86 bpm contribute to controlled. reported relieved
T: 37.3 C the pain.  Promote position  Reduces pain as evidenced
of comfort (e.g. abdominal by absence of
on one side with pressure/tensi facial grimace.
knees flexed, on, providing GOAL MET
sitting up and some
leaning forward) measure of
comfort and
 pain relief.
Note: Supine
position often
increases
pain.

 Provide  Sensory
alternative stimulation
comfort measures can activate
(e.g. back rub), pancreatic
encourage enzymes,
relaxation increasing
techniques (e.g. pain.
guided imagery,
visualization),
quite diversional
activities (e.g. TV,
radio) and keep
environment free
of food odors.

Collaborative:
 Administer  Meperidine is
medication as usually
needed: Narcotics, effective in
Analgesics e.g. relieving pain
Meperidine and may be
preferred
over
morphine
 NURSING CARE PLAN FOR PRESSURE ULCERS

ASSESSMENT NURSING INFERENCE OBJECTIVES NURSING RATIONALE EVALUATION

DIAGNOSIS INTERVENTION

Subjective: Delayed Bedsores, more Short Term: Independent: Short Term:

wound accurately After the 6  Discuss pain  To help patient After the 6 hours
“Si mama kasi recovery due called pressure hours of nursing control coop towards of nursing
hindi na to ineffective sores or interventions, measures if the proper pain interventions, the
nakakagalaw therapeutic pressure ulcers, the client will needed. management client reported
simula nung regimen are areas of report relief and thus slight relief and
nadala siya dito management damaged skin the wound’s minimizing the wound’s smell
sa hospital dahil and self-care and tissue that smell will pain suffering reduced a little
sa sakit niya deficit as develop when reduce. and the ways bit.
Hindi ko rin evidenced by sustained of treating
naman masyado impaired pressure — Long Term: them. GOAL
nalilinisan sugat physical usually from a After 14 days of PARTIALY
niya kasi sa mobility. bed or effective  Discuss  These provide MET
umaga lang ako wheelchair — nursing Importance patient
nakakabisita. cuts off intervention, of adequate information Long Term:
Wala ako sa circulation to client will be nutrition how nutrition After 14 days of
gabi” as vulnerable able to move by (especially could elevate effective nursing
verbalized by the parts of your herself. fluids, his chances of intervention, the
patient’s body, proteins, a faster client was able to
daughter. especially the vitamins B recovery and move by herself.
skin on your and C, iron wound
Objective: buttocks, hips and healing. GOAL MET
 Wound has and heels. Calories).
foul smell Without
 Patient adequate blood  Demonstrate  Enable client
cannot move flow, the appropriate to minimize
by herself affected tissue positions for further skin
 Patient is dies. Although pressure trauma thus
bedridden for people living relief promoting
3 months with paralysis wound healing
now. are especially and establish
 VS taken as at risk, anyone physical
follows: who is mobility.
BP: 120/70 bedridden, uses
mmHg a wheelchair or  Establish a  This provides
RR: 17 cpm is unable to turning or patient’s a
PR: 80 bpm change repositioning guide towards
T: 37.0 C positions schedule a proper skin
without help management
can develop technique
bedsores. minimizing
Bedsores can more skin
develop trauma and
quickly, also giving the
progress patient
rapidly and are something to
often difficult do thus
to heal. promoting
self-esteem.

 Emphasize  To avoid
principles of possible
asepsis, infection thus
especially hindering the
hand wound healing
washing and process.
proper
methods of
handling
used
 dressings.
 To provide the
 Demonstrate patient on the
wound care correct
technique procedures and
such as techniques of
wound wound caring.
cleansing
and dressing
changing.

Collaborative:  For faster

 Administer wound healing
drugs and to avoid
according to errors during
the administration.
physician’s
order while
following the
10 right of
administratin
g drugs.
 NURSING CARE PLAN FOR WOUND HEALING

ASSESSMENT NURSING INFERENCE OBJECTIVES NURSING RATIONALE EVALUATION

DIAGNOSIS INTERVENTION

Subjective: Acute pain Pain is a Short Term: Independent: Short Term:

related to common After the 3  Monitor and  Vital signs are After the 3 hours
“Masakit itong presence of aftermath for hours of nursing assess vital usually altered of nursing
tahi ko” as surgical every surgery interventions, signs every 2 in acute pain interventions, the
verbalized by the incision after the the client will hours client reported a
patient. secondary to anesthesia report a decrease in pain
status post wore down. decrease in  Instruct and  Deep as evidenced by
Objective: laparoscopic Pain is pain. demonstrate breathing pain scale f 5/10
 pain scale of cholecystecto recognized in to the patient increases
6/10 my. two different Long Term: the use of oxygen in the GOAL
 facial forms: After 1 day of deep body and PARTIALY
grimace physiologic effective breathing prevents MET
 Guarding pain and nursing exercise. atelectasis.
behavior at clinical pain. intervention, Also instruct Deep Long Term:
the incision Physiologic client will patient to do breathing After 1 day of
sites pain comes and report pain splinting exercise also effective nursing
 Slow and goes, and is the relief. while doing provides intervention,
limited result of deep comfort. client reported
movement of experiencing a breathing Splinting pain relief as
the upper high-intensity exercises. while doing evidenced by
extremities sensation. It deep breathing absence of facial
 0.5 mm often acts as a is to lessen the grimace and pain
incision on safety pain upon scale of 2/10
the right mechanism to respiration.
lower rib warn  Position the  Alignment GOAL MET
cage and the individuals of patient helps prevent
sub-xiphoid danger (e.g., a properly in pain from
 area; 10mm burn, animal bed. Elevate malposition
incision scratch, or head of bed. and it
below the broken glass). Maintain enhances
umbilicus. Clinical pain, anatomic comfort
Incisions are in contrast, is alignment.
covered with marked by
dry and intact hypersensitivit  Encourage  These highten
dressing. y to painful diversional ones
 VS taken as stimuli around activities concentration
follows: a localized site, (TV/radio, upon
BP: 130/90 and also is felt socialization nonpainful
mmHg in non-injured with others, stimuli to
RR: 18 cpm areas nearby. mental decrease one's
PR: 81 bpm When a patient imaging). awareness and
T: 36.6 C undergoes experience of
surgery, tissues pain.
and nerve
endings are  Provide rest  The patient's
traumatized, periods to experiences of
resulting in facilitate pain may
incision pain. comfort, become
This trauma sleep, and exaggerated as
overloads the relaxation the result of
pain receptors fatigue.
that send Adequate rest
messages to helps provide
the spinal cord, comfort
which becomes
overstimulated.  Assist patient  Helps reduce
The resultant in doing her pain brought
central activities of about by the
sensitization is daily living exertion of
a type of force
 posttraumatic necessary to
stress to the perform
spinal cord, activities
which
interprets any  Encourage  Severe pain is
stimulation— patient to more difficult
painful or report pain as to control and
otherwise—as soon as it increases the
unpleasant. starts and client’s
That is why a allow her to anxiety and
patient may verbalize fatigue.
feel pain in pain
movement or experienced
physical touch or describe
in locations far the pain
from the she’s feeling.
surgical site
Collaborative:
 Administer  For pain
analgesics as
ordered by
attending
physician
 NURSING CARE PLAN FOR FEVER

ASSESSMENT NURSING INFERENCE OBJECTIVES NURSING RATIONALE EVALUATION

DIAGNOSIS INTERVENTION
Hypothalamus
Subjective: Hyperthermia is the Short Term: Independent: Short Term:
related to thermoregulati After 1 hour of  Identify  To obtain After the 1 hour
“Nilalagnat increase nursing underlying factors of of nursing
on center of a
anak ko. Kagabi intervention the factors that increase body interventions, the
metabolic rate human body
pa po siya patient will may cause temperature. client reduced her
mainit” as (illness) reduce temperature as
alterations of
verbalized by the temperature. body evidenced by T:
patient’s mother Presence of temperature 37.7C
Long Term:
infection
Objective: After 12 hours  Monitor  To obtain an GOAL MET
 Skin, warm of nursing temperature accurate core
to touch intervention the every 30 temperature Long Term:
 VS taken as patient will minutes. and detect for After 12 hours of
follows: maintain core further nursing
BP: 110/70 Trigger of the temperature development. interventions the
mmHg fever, called a within normal patient maintained
RR: 27 cpm pyrogen range of 37.5  Monitor  To evaluate core temperature
PR: 115 bpm from 38.2 and pulse rate effectiveness within normal
T: 38.6 C normal vital and of independent range. T: 37.1C
signs. respiratory nursing
rate regimen GOAL MET

Release of  Provided  To promote

prostaglandin surface core cooling
E2 (PGE2). cooling such by helping
as TSB and reduce body
PGE2 then in
removing of temperature.
turn acts on the
hypothalamus extra
clothing.

 Promote rest  To detect

and comfort further
providing existing
Causing heat- discomforts
bed rest
creating effects and level,
increase heat whether
conservation increased or
and production decreased.
resulting
 Encourage  To prevent
increase in dehydration
fluid intake. because
increase in
body
Increase body temperature
temperature causes fluid
loss such as
sweating
Collaborative:
 Administered  Paracetamol
paracetamol are classified
Hyperthermia. as analgesics
as ordered.
and antipyretic
which acts on
the
hypothalamus
to regulate
normal body
temperature.
 NURSING CARE PLAN FOR INFECTION

ASSESSMENT NURSING INFERENCE OBJECTIVES NURSING RATIONALE EVALUATIO

DIAGNOSIS INTERVENTION N
Objective: Risk for infection Infection is the Goals: Independent: Goals:
r/t pharmaceutical growth of a
 Inadequate agents and parasitic organism After 20 minutes - Monitor WBC -Elevated total WBC After 20
immunity immunosuppressan within the body. of nursing count. count indicates minutes of
ts. (A parasitic intervention, the infection. nursing
 Chemotherapy organism is one client will gain intervention, the
that lives on or in knowledge in - Wash hands before - To decrease client gained
 Invasive another organism infection control. doing any procedure. transfer of knowledge in
procedure and draws its pathogens. infection
nourishment Objectives: control.
 Increased therefrom.) A - Teach patient how - Hand washing
environmental person with an After 10 minutes to prevents Goal Met
exposure infection has of nursing properly wash hands spread of pathogens
another organism interventions the before to Objectives:
(a "germ") client will
and after meals and other objects and
growing within understand how to After 10
him, drawing its recognize early after using food. minutes of
nourishment from signs and bathroom, bedpan, nursing
the person. symptoms of or urinal. interventions the
infection. client
Reference: - Instruct patient to - Diarrhea or loose understood how
www.MedicineNet. After 10 minutes report stools to recognize
com of nursing incidents of loose may indicate need to early signs and
interventions the stools or discontinue or symptoms of
client will diarrhea. change infection.
demonstrate antibiotic therapy.
techniques After 10
to prevent minutes of
risk of nursing
infection. - Reduce risk of interventions the
cross-contamination. client
demonstrated
- Provide reverse techniques
isolation as to prevent
indicated. risk of
- To prevent infection.
exposure of client.

- Monitor - To promote
visitors/caregivers. wellness. Goal met

- Review individual
nutritional
needs, appropriate
exercise
program, and need
for rest.
- To reduce existing
Dependent: risk factors.
- Assist with medical - To determine
procedures.
effectiveness of
therapy
- Administer and
and presence of side
monitor
effects.
medication regimen
and note
client’s response
 NURSING CARE PLAN FOR INFECTION

ASSESSMENT NURSING INFERENCE OBJECTIVES NURSING RATIONALE EVALUATIO

DIAGNOSIS INTERVENTION N
Chief complaint Altered tissue When the cancer GOAL: Collaborative To achieve maximal The client was
was vaginal perfusion related to cells continue to After 2 days Facilitative gains in function and able to regain
bleeding hypovolemia as grow and nursing Refer to the psychosocial well- the loss of blood
manifested by metastasize in intervention, the attending physician being.
profuse bleeding extremity different parts of client will be able and the hematology Doenges, et. al,
consuming 3 weakness the body system to show signs of laboratory (2008). Nurse’s
infant diapers especially in blood improved tissue Pocket Guide. 11th
vessels, it can perfusion and Edition. F.A. Davis
occurrence of impede blood increased Company. p. 608
pain in her lower circulation and circulating blood
abdomen pain could cause volume as Have the client To prevent untoward
(5/10) vaginal bleeding. manifested by undergo blood blood reaction.
This could also warm skin, normal typing and cross Kozier, et al.
she is not able to hamper sexual peripheral pulses, matching (2008).Fundamental
walk by herself activity between vital signs within s of Nursing.8th
since she was partners. Other client’s normal Edition.Pearson.pp1
admitted in Rizal signs and range, and 402 – 1420.
Medical Center symptoms include increased capillary
“Nanghihina kasi bladder irritation refill Have the client To increase
ang buong and distention, undergo a series of circulating blood
katawan ko eh”, anemia, and OBJECTIVES: blood transfusion volume and improve
as verbalized by abdominal pain Collaborative tissue perfusion.
the client. Black, et.al. Doenges, et. al,
(2005).Medical After 6 hours of (2008). Nurse’s
“Hindi pa ako Surgical Nursing. nursing Pocket Guide. 11th
nakakatayo 7th intervention, the Edition. F.A. Davis
simula nang Edition.Elsevier client will be able Get the baseline vital Company. p. 710.
maadmit ako. PTE LTD.p 927 to regain the loss signs before
Nangangalay na of blood transfusion Provides comparison
rin mga paa ko”, with current findings
according to her Carry out post BT Doenges, et. al,
order (2008). Nurse’s
She was advised Pocket Guide. 11th
by her physician Check the vital signs Edition. F.A. Davis
not to do any after BT; compare it Company. p. 708
strenuous with the baseline
activities vital signs.

Weight loss
Facilitative
Loss of appetite Have a doctor
countercheck the
Observation compatible blood
with the nurse
The client is To prevent any
currently on Observe any problem in relation
blood transfusion untoward signs and to transfusion
and IV infusion symptoms Kozier, et al.
(2008).Fundamental
We noticed that s of Nursing.8th
the client is in a Independent Edition.Pearson.pp1
difficult situation Supplemental 402 – 1420.
to move at the Explain the purpose
time of interview and the benefits of
the treatment to the
The client looks client
weak
Encourage client’s
Pale Skin cooperation and
decrease anxiety of
The client’s skin the client.
is slightly dry. Developmental Kozier, et al.
Pale nail beds Encourage mild (2008).Fundamental
exercise such as s of Nursing.8th
Cold in walking in the Edition.Pearson.pp1
extremities corridor and active 402 – 1420.
range-of-motion
Delayed capillary
refill > 3 secs Stress out the Enhances venous
importance of return
The client has having someone to Doenges, et. al,
pale conjunctiva. assist her in walking (2008). Nurse’s
Pocket Guide. 11th
Lips are pale. Caution client to Edition. F.A. Davis
avoid activities that Company. p. 711.
The inner lips increase cardiac
and buccal workload To prevent injury.
mucosa is slightly Doenges, et. al,
dry and pale (2008). Nurse’s
Pocket Guide. 11th
Measurement Explain the Edition. F.A. Davis
procedure to the Company. p. 609.
V/S: client
BP: 200/100 To maximize tissue
mmHg perfusion
PR: 98 bpm; Doenges, et. al,
weak (2008). Nurse’s
RR: 21 cpm Pocket Guide. 11th
T: 36.3 ˚C Edition. F.A. Davis
Company. p. 710.
Creatinine: Developmental
169.17nmol/L Provide opportunity Encourage client’s
for client to express cooperation and
feelings. decrease anxiety of
the client.
Encourage SOs to Kozier, et al.
express support for (2008).Fundamental
the client. s of Nursing.8th
Edition.Pearson.pp1
402 – 1420.

Loss of normal body

functions and can
lead to feelings of
powerlessness,
anger, and grief.
Open expression of
these feelings can
help client begin
coping.

Black, et.al.
(2005).Medical
Surgical Nursing. 7th
Edition.Elsevier
PTE LTD.p 1861.
 NURSING CARE PLAN FOR CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING

ASSESSMENT NURSING INFERENCE OBJECTIVE NURSING RATIONALE EVALUATIO

DIAGNOSIS S INTERVENTION N

Subjective: Risk for Carbon Short Term Independent:

injury monoxide Goal:
(suffocation) Poisoning is After 1 hour of
may be rapidly nursing
“I feel dizzy and  Acquire  Indentifies basic interventions, the
off balance” as related to transported across After 1 hour of information resource needs
contact with the alveolar patient was free
verbalized by nursing about nature of and helps to
chemical membrane and emergency, prepare staff for of preventable
the patient. interventions, complications.
pollutants or preferentially accident, or appropriate level
the patient
poisonous binds to disaster. of response
prevents a life- based on
agents. hemoglobin in threatening customary
place of oxygen condition. GOAL MET
injuries.
to form  Assists in
carboxyhemoglob providing safe
Objective: in (COHb). medical and
 Prepare area and nursing care in
Carbon monoxide equipment, check
causes the anticipation of
and restock emergency need.
 Shortness of oxyhemoglobin supplies.
 Information
breath dissociation curve necessary for
 Irritability to shift to the left, triaging for
thereby impairing appropriate
 V/S taken as oxygen unloading service.
follows:  Determine
at the tissue level. primary needs
T: 37.1 °C This shift results and specific
P: 95 in a substantial complaints of  Provides for
R: 20 reduction in client. assessment and
BP: 110/90 oxygen delivery, treatment of
given that 98% of condition that
Long Term  Obtain additional might not be
the oxygen Goal: medical evident initially.
supplied to the information
tissues comes including pre-
bound to existing
hemoglobin. conditions such
as allergies, and  People react to
Carbon current traumatic
monoxide medication. situations in
 Evaluate many ways and
Poisoning is
individual’s may exhibit a
rapidly wide range of
response to
transported across event, mood, response.
the alveolar coping abilities,  Indicator of need
membrane and and personal for information
preferentially vulnerability. and assistance
binds to  Ascertain with making
knowledge of positive changes,
hemoglobin in
needs and injury promoting safety
place of oxygen and sense of
prevention and
to form motivation to security.
carboxyhemoglob prevent further  Recognizing
in (COHb). injury. these factors and
Carbon monoxide dealing with
causes the them
 Discuss self- appropriately,
oxyhemoglobin
monitoring of including
dissociation curve conditions and seeking support
to shift to the left, emotions that can and assistance
thereby impairing contribute to can reduce
oxygen unloading occurrence of individual risk.
at the tissue level. injury.
This shift results
in a substantial
reduction in
oxygen delivery,  Identify and
given that 98% of manage life-  Stabilization of
the oxygen threatening medical
situations – condition is
supplied to the
airway problem, necessary before
tissues comes bleeding, and proceeding with
bound to diminished additional
hemoglobin. consciousness. therapies.
 NURSING CARE PLAN FOR CELLULAR ABBERATION

ASSESSMENT NURSING INFERENCE OBJECTIVE NURSING RATIONALE EVALUATIO

DIAGNOSIS S INTERVENTION N

Subjective: Deficient Breast Cancer Is Short Term Independent:

knowledge the leading type Goal:
regarding illness, of cancer in After 8 hours of
prognosis, women. Most nursing
“May nakakapa  Review with  Validates intervention the
akong bukol sa treatment, self- breast cancer After 8 hours patient current level of
care, and begins in the patient was able
dibdib ko, of nursing understanding understanding,
discharge needs. lining of the milk of specific identifies to
anong dapat intervention
ducts, sometimes diagnosis, learning needs,
kong gawin?” (I the patient will verbalize
the lobule. The treatment and provides
have a lump in alternatives, and knowledge base accurate
my breast what cancer grows verbalize information
future from which
should I do?) as through the wall accurate about diagnosis,
expectations. patient can
verbalized by of the duct and information make informed prognosis, and
the patient into the fatty about decisions. potential
tissue. Breast diagnosis, complications at
cancer prognosis, and own level of
potential  Helps with
metastasizes most readiness.
adjustment to
commonly to complications
the diagnosis of
auxiliary nodes, at own level of cancer by
lung, bone, liver, readiness. providing
Objective: GOAL MET
and the brain. needed
 Provide clear,
information
accurate
along with time
information in a
to absorb it.
 Verbalization factual but
of the problem sensitive
 Statement of manner.
misconception Answer  Patient has the
specifically, but right to know
do not provide (be informed)
 V/S taken as unessential and participate
follows details. in decision
making.
Accurate and
T: 37.1 ˚C concise
information
P: 92  Provide helps dispel
anticipatory fears and
R: 19 guidance with anxiety, helps
Long Term
patient clarify expected
BP: 120/ 80 Goal:
regarding routine, and
treatment enables patient
protocol, length to maintain
of therapy, some degree of
expected control.
results, possible
side effects. Be
honest with the  Promotes well
patient. being,
facilitates
recovery, and
it’s critical in
enabling patient
to tolerate
treatments.

 Creativity may
 enhance flavor
and intake,
especially when
protein foods
 Review with taste bitter.
patient the
importance of
maintaining  Improves
optimal consistency of
nutritional stool and
status stimulates
peristalsis.

 Encourage diet
variations and
experimentation  Early
in meal recognition of
planning and problems early
food intervention,
preparation. minimizing
 Recommend complications
increased fluid that may impair
intake and fiber oral intake and
in diet, as well provide routine
as routine avenue for
exercise. systemic
 Instruct patient infection.
to assess oral
mucous
membranes
routinely
 NURSING CARE PLAN FOR ACUTE BIOLOGIC CRISIS

ASSESSMENT NURSING INFERENCE OBJECTIVE NURSING RATIONALE EVALUATIO

DIAGNOSIS S INTERVENTION N

Subjective: Decreased Heart failure, also Short Term Independent:

cardiac called congestive Goal:
output related heart failure, After 8 hours of
to altered occurs when nursing
“Putlang putla Auscultate apical Tachycardia is intervention the
ang anak ko, myocardial cardiac output is After 8 hours of pulse; assess heart usually present
contractility inadequate to patient was able
nahihirapan sya nursing rate, and rhythm. even at rest to to display vital
huminga” (My /inotropic meet the intervention the compensate for
changes. metabolic signs within
baby looks very patient will decreased acceptable
pale and she demands of the display vital ventricular
• Inspect skin for limits,
finds it difficult body. The heart signs within contractility.
pallor, cyanosis. dysrhythmias
to breath) as rate increases as a acceptable
compensatory controlled and
verbalize by the limits, no symptoms of
mother. mechanism to dysrhythmias • Pallor is an failure.
increase cardiac controlled and indicative of
output, and no symptoms of • Monitor urine diminished
vasoconstriction failure. output, noting peripheral perfusion GOAL MET
occurs to try to
decreasing output secondary to
Objective: maintain blood
and dark or inadequate cardiac
pressure.
concentrated urine. output,
Eventually, the
Note changes in vasoconstriction,
chronic increase
• Cool, ashen sensorium. and anemia.
in preload and
skin. Cyanosis may
afterload
• Orthopnea contribute to develop in
chamber dilation refractory heart
• Crackles and hyperthrophy, failure. Dependent
• V/S taken as worsening heart • Provide quiet areas are often blue
follows failure. environment. or mottled as
Underlying venous congestion
T: 36.2 ˚C causes of heart increases. • Urine
failure include output is usually
P: 130
congenital heart Long Term decreased during
R: 45 disease, Goal: the day because of
rheumatic heart fluid shifts into
disease, tissues but may be
endocarditis, increased at night
myocarditis, and because fluid
noncardiovascul returns to
ar causes such as, circulation when
chronic patient is
pulmonary recumbent.
disease, various
metabolic Dependent:
diseases, and May indicate
anemia. inadequate cerebral
Complications of Administer perfusion secondary
heart failure supplemental to decreased
include oxygen as cardiac output. •
pneumonia, indicated. • Psychological rest
pulmonary Administer help reduce
edema, diuretics as emotional stress,
pulmonary prescribed. which can produce
emboli, refractory vasoconstriction,
heart failure, and elevating BP and
myocardial increasing heart
failure. rate or work. •
Increases available
oxygen for
myocardial uptake
to combat effects of
hypoxia or
ischemia. •
Diuretics, in
conjunction with
restriction of
dietary sodium and
fluids, often lead to
clinical
improvement in
patients with heart
failure.