NCP1396 NCP1605 Supply PDF
NCP1396 NCP1605 Supply PDF
NCP1396 NCP1605 Supply PDF
Rev. 3, March-07
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© 2007 ON Semiconductor.
Disclaimer: ON Semiconductor is providing this reference design documentation package “AS
IS” and the recipient assumes all risk associated with the use and/or commercialization of this
design package. No licenses to ON Semiconductor’s or any third party’s Intellectual Property is
conveyed by the transfer of this documentation. This reference design documentation package is
provided only to assist the customers in evaluation and feasibility assessment of the reference
design. It is expected that users may make further refinements to meet specific performance
goals.
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1 Overview.......................................................................................................4
2 Introduction ...................................................................................................5
3 LCD TV Power Supply Requirements...........................................................5
3.1 Standby mode ........................................................................................5
3.2 Active mode............................................................................................6
4 Limitations of existing solutions ....................................................................7
5 Overcoming limitations with NCP1605 / NCP1396 / NCP1027.....................7
5.1 Architecture Overview.............................................................................7
5.2 Main power supply: NCP1396 ................................................................8
5.2.1 Half Bridge Resonant LLC topology ................................................8
5.2.2 Protections ......................................................................................9
5.3 Standby Power Supply: NCP1027..........................................................9
5.3.1 NCP1027 characteristics: ..............................................................10
5.4 Power Factor Correction: NCP1605 .....................................................10
6 Specifications..............................................................................................10
7 Reference Design Performance Summary .................................................11
7.1 Efficiency ..............................................................................................11
7.2 Standby Power .....................................................................................11
7.3 Standards and Regulations ..................................................................11
8 Board Picture ..............................................................................................14
9 Schematic ...................................................................................................15
10 Board Layout ..............................................................................................16
11 Bill Of Material ............................................................................................20
12 Appendix.....................................................................................................24
12.1 NCP1396 ..............................................................................................24
12.2 NCP1605 ..............................................................................................24
12.3 NCP1027 ..............................................................................................24
12.4 References ...........................................................................................24
3
1 Overview
This reference document describes a built-and-tested, GreenPointTM solution for an LCD
TV power supply.
The reference design circuit consists of one single-sided 130 mm x 200 mm printed
circuit board designed to fit into an LCD TV. Height is 25 mm.
Figure 1
4
2 Introduction
From Tubes to Flat TVs
Since 1936 when the BBC begins the world’s first public-television broadcast in London,
the TV world made huge progress. A few examples:
• 1953: color broadcasting
• 1956: first VCR
• 1962: first television satellite (Telstar)
• 1981: NHK (Japan) demonstrates an HDTV system
But “the idea of sitting in front of a box in your living room is becoming obsolete. For the
TV industry, technology is creating vast opportunities”. – Newsweek, June 2005.
Obviously Flat Panel Display (FPD) is one of the technologies that will drive these
opportunities:
• High Definition TV (HDTV).
• Digital TV: The analog TV signal will be shut down soon in Europe and in North
America as it is replaced by Digital Terrestrial signal. Satellite and Cable Digital
decoders are already very common.
• Bigger screen, smaller form factor: Now that we all have seen these fancy
screens, who is willing to go back to the old big bulky box?
FPD includes both LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) and Plasma technologies.
Because the input power is above 75 W, the application has to be compliant with the
IEC1000-3-2 class D standard. Power Factor Correction is therefore needed. Because
the main power supply has to be optimized for higher efficiency and slimmer form factor,
an active PFC must be implemented to limit the variation of the input voltage in front of
the main PSU.
Most of the LCD TV power supplies are designed to cope with universal mains: 85 Vac
to 265 Vac, 47-63 Hz.
A 5 V auxiliary power supply is needed to supply the microcontroller that must remain
alive in standby mode.
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In 1997, the European Commission concluded a negotiated agreement with individual
consumer electronics manufacturers and the EU trade association EACEM, to reduce
the stand-by losses of TVs and VCRs. In the year 2003 a new agreement for TVs and
DVDs was concluded.
Many initiatives have been taken around the world. And even if these requirements are
not yet standards, most of the manufacturers have already applied these rules in their
designs.
Region / Demoboard
Program name Requirements for Televisions
Country compliance
China CSC 3W Yes
Korea Energy Saving 3W Yes
European 1W
EU Eco-Label Yes
Union 9 W with a STB
European EU Code of
3 W with a STB Yes
Union Conduct
Europe GEEA 1W Yes
1 Watt Executive
US 1W Yes
Order
Energy Star
Phase II Standby
Phase I Standby Mode Phase III Standby
Product Category Mode (effective
(effective 7/1/02) Mode (effective 7/1/05)
7/1/04)
Analog: < 1 Watt
TV < 3 Watts < 1 Watt
Digital: < 3 Watts
Analog: < 1 Watt
Television Monitor < 1 Watt
Digital: < 3 Watts
Component Television
< 3 Watts < 1 Watt
Unit
TV/VCR Combination
< 6 Watts < 1 Watt
Unit
TV/DVD, VCR/DVD, and
TV/VCR/DVD < 4 Watts < 1 Watt
Combinations
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Furthermore most of the flat panel televisions being purchased by consumers will
consume double or more the active mode power of the smaller CRT televisions that they
are replacing. Much of this differential in power consumption is simply attributable to the
increased size of the products being sold now.
High efficiency and a low EMI signature at a reasonable cost are required, and classical
topologies can hardly combine these needs:
• Flyback: transformer usage is far from being optimal
• Forward: the EMI signature is not reduced to its minimum
The SMPS stage uses a Half Bridge Resonant LLC topology. This topology offers a
number of advantages as demonstrated in the schematics and the results. It improves
efficiency, reduces EMI signature and provides better magnetic utilization. The NCP1396
controller is used to implement the most effective control scheme of Half Bridge
Resonant LLC converter.
For the standby output circuit, a higher integration level is made feasible by using the
NCP1027, a PWM regulator that also incorporates an appropriate switch to provide all
functionality in one package.
In summary, the architecture selected for this reference design allows design
optimization so that the desired performance is achieved without increasing the
component costs and circuit complexity too much. The performance results section
demonstrates the performance.
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5.2 Main power supply: NCP1396
The Half Bridge Resonant LLC converter is an attractive alternative to the traditional Half
Bridge (HB) topology for several reasons. Advantages include:
• ZVS (Zero Voltage Switching) capability over the entire load range:
Switching takes place under conditions of zero drain voltage. Turn-on losses are
thus nearly zero and EMI signature is improved compared to the HB, which
operates under hard-switching conditions.
• Low turnoff current: Switches are turned off under low current conditions, and
so the turn-off losses are also lowered compared to the HB topology.
• Zero current turnoff of the secondary diodes: When the converter operates
under full load, the output rectifiers are turned off under zero-current conditions,
reducing the EMI signature.
• No increased component count: The component count is virtually the same as
the classical half bridge topology.
Qb
Vout
Ls Cs N:1
6 5 7
Lm
C RL
Q
Figure 2
The resonating circuit is made of a capacitor, Cs, in series with two inductors, Ls and
Lm. One of these inductors, Lm, represents the magnetizing inductor of the transformer
and creates one resonating point together with Ls and Cs. The reflection of the load over
this inductor will either make it disappear from the circuit (Lm is fully short-circuited by a
reflected RL of low value at heavy load currents) or will make it stay in series with the
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series inductor Ls in light load conditions. As a result, depending on the loading
conditions, the resonant frequency will move between a minimum and a maximum:
The frequency of operation depends on the power demand. For a low power demand,
the operating frequency is rather high, away from the resonating point. To the contrary,
at high power, the control loop reduces the switching frequency and approaches one of
the resonant frequencies to deliver the necessary amount of current to the load.
8 ⋅ RL
Rac =
π ⋅ n 2 ⋅η
2
Where:
RL is the real loading resistance
n is the transformer turns ratio
η is the expected efficiency
5.2.2 Protections
The NCP1396 differs from other resonant controllers thanks to its protection features.
The device can react to various inputs like:
• Fast events input: Like an over-current condition, a need to shutdown (sleep
mode) or a way to force a controlled burst mode (skip cycle at low output power).
• Slow events input: This input serves as a delayed shutdown, where an event
like a transient overload does not immediately stop pulses but starts a timer. If
the event duration lasts longer than what the timer imposes, then all pulses are
disabled.
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5.3.1 NCP1027 characteristics:
• Brown-out detection: The controller will not allow operation in low mains
conditions. You can adjust the level at which the circuit starts or stops operation.
• Ramp compensation: Designing in Continuous Conduction Mode helps to
reduce conduction losses. However, at low input voltage (85 Vac), the duty-cycle
might exceed 50% and the risk exists to enter a subharmonic mode. A simple
resistor to ground injects the right compensation level.
• Over power protection: A resistive network to the bulk reduces the peak current
capability and accordingly harnesses the maximum power at high line. As this is
done independently from the auxiliary Vcc, the design gains in simplicity and
execution speed.
• Latch-off input: Some PC manufacturers require a complete latch-off in the
presence of an external event, e.g., over temperature. The controller offers this
possibility via a dedicated input.
• Frequency dithering: The switching frequency (here 65 kHz) is modulated
during operation. This naturally spreads the harmonic content and reduces the
peak value when analyzing the signature.
6 Specifications
Input Voltage: Universal input 85 Vac to 265 Vac, 47-63 Hz
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7 Reference Design Performance Summary
7.1 Efficiency
TV_220W Efficiency
(Load 5V/0-2.5A,30V/1A,12V/3A,24V/6A)
95
94
93
92
91
EFFICIENCY [%]
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
82 Input [Vac] 115
81 Input [Vac] 230
80
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6
LOAD [A]
Power
Input Voltage Standby load
consumption
115 V 0.5 W 0.735 W
230 V 0.5 W 0.873 W
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Conducted Emissions @ 230 Vac
12
Conducted Emissions @ 110 Vac
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8 Board Picture
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9 Schematic
15
10 Board Layout
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11 Bill Of Material
Substitution Lead
Designator Quantity Description Value Tolerance Footprint Manufacturer Manufacturer Part No. Allowed Free Comments
C11 1 MKP Capacitor 33nF/630Vdc 20% C-EU150-084X183 Arcotronics R73-0.033uF 15 630V Yes Yes
C16 1 Electrolytic capacitor 220uF/35V 20% CPOL-EUE5-10.5 Rubycon 35 RX30220M 10×12.5 Yes Yes
C17, C23, C50 3 Ceramic capacitor SMD 10n 10% C-EUC1206 Epcos B37872A5103K060 Yes Yes
C18 1 Ceramic capacitor 220p 10% C-EU050-045X075 Panasonic ECKA3A221KBP Yes Yes
C20 1 Ceramic capacitor SMD 2u2 10% C-EUC1206 Epcos B37872K9225K062 Yes Yes
C21, C35, C54 3 Ceramic capacitor SMD 1uF 10% C-EUC1206 Epcos B37872K0105K062 Yes Yes
C22 1 Ceramic capacitor SMD 39n 10% C-EUC1206 Epcos B37872K5393K060 Yes Yes
C24 1 Ceramic capacitor SMD 390p 5% C-EUC1206 Epcos B37871K5391J060 Yes Yes
C25, C26, C29, C37, C40, C42, C53 7 Ceramic capacitor SMD 100n 10% C-EUC1206 Epcos B37872A5104K060 Yes Yes
C27 1 Ceramic capacitor SMD 1n 10% C-EUC1206 Epcos B37872A5102K060 Yes Yes
C30 1 Ceramic capacitor SMD 22n 10% C-EUC1206 Epcos B37872A5223K060 Yes Yes
C32 1 Ceramic capacitor SMD 68n 10% C-EUC1206 Epcos B37872A5683K060 Yes Yes
C36 1 Electrolytic capacitor 4u7/35V 20% CPOL-EUE2-5 Rubycon 35 MH54.7M 4×5 Yes Yes
C39 1 Ceramic capacitor SMD 2n2 10% C-EUC1206 Epcos B37872A5222K060 Yes Yes
C4, C47 2 Electrolytic capacitor 220uF/25V 20% CPOL-EUE5-10.5 Rubycon 25 NXA220M 10×12.5 Yes Yes
C41 1 NU C-EU150-064X183
C43 1 MKP Capacitor 10nF/400Vdc 20% C-EU075-032X103 Epcos B32520C6103M289 Yes Yes
C48 1 Electrolytic capacitor 1u 20% CPOL-EUE2-5 Rubycon 50 MH51M 4×5 Yes Yes
C49 1 Electrolytic capacitor 100uF/35V 20% CPOL-EUE5.5-8 Rubycon 50 PK100M 8×11.5 Yes Yes
C5, C31, C44 3 MKP Capacitor 1uF/275Vac 20% C-EU225-108X268 Arcotronics R46KM410000N1M Yes Yes
C51 1 Electrolytic capacitor 10uF/35V 20% CPOL-EUE2.5-6 Rubycon 50 MH710M 6.3×7 Yes Yes
C52 1 Ceramic capacitor SMD 100p 20% C-EUC1206 Epcos B37871K5101J060 Yes Yes
C6 1 Electrolytic capacitor 100uF/450V 20% EC18L40'22L35' Rubycon 450 VXG100M 22×30 Yes Yes
C7 1 Electrolytic capacitor 100uF/450V 20% EC18L40'22L35_90' Rubycon 450 VXG100M 22×30 Yes Yes
CY1, CY2, CY3 3 Ceramic capacitor 2n2/Y1 20% CYYC10B4 Murata DE1E3KX222MA5B Yes Yes
D1, D11, D12, D15, D18 5 Diode MMSD4148 SOD-123 ON semiconductor MMSD4148T1G No Yes
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D14 1 NU SOD-123
D17 1 NU SOD-123
D3, D5, D6, D7, D8, D9 6 Diode MBRS4201T3G SMC ON semiconductor MBRS4201T3G No Yes
HEATSING_1 1 Heatsing SK 454 150 SA SK454/150_GND Fischer Elektronik SK 454 150 SA Yes Yes
HEATSING_2 1 Heatsing SK 454 100 SA SK454/100_GND Fischer Elektronik SK 454 100 SA Yes Yes
IC2, IC6 2 Programmable Precision Reference TL431SO8 SOIC-8 ON semiconductor NCV431AIDR2G No Yes
IC5 1 HV Switcher for Medium Power Offline SMPS NCP1027 PDIP (8 Minus Pin 6) ON semiconductor NCP1027P065G No Yes
L3 1 NU TLBI
OK1, OK2, OK3 3 Opto-coupler PC817 PC817SMD AVAGO TECHNOLOGIES HCPL-817-300E Yes Yes
Q1 1 NPN Dual General Purpose Transistor BC848CDW SOT−363 6 LEAD ON semiconductor BC848CDW1T1G No Yes
Q2, Q4, Q6 3 NPN General Purpose Transistor BC817-16LT1 SOT-23 ON semiconductor BC817-16LT1G No Yes
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Q5 1 NU SOT-23
R1,R33, R41 3 Resistor SMD 10R 1% R-EU_R1206 Vishay RCA120610R0FKEA Yes Yes
R11 1 Resistor trough hole 0.1R 1% R-EU_0617/22 Vishay PAC300001007FAC000 Yes Yes
R12, R13 2 Resistor SMD 6k8 1% R-EU_R1206 Vishay RCA12066K80FKEA Yes Yes
R19, R32, R37, R39, R72 5 Resistor SMD 1k 1% R-EU_R1206 Vishay RCA12061K00FKEA Yes Yes
R2, R6 2 Resistor trough hole 2M2 1% R-EU_0204/7 Vishay MRS16000C2204FCT Yes Yes
R24 1 Varistor VDRH10S275TSE VARISTOR10K300 Vishay 2381 584 T271S Yes Yes
R26, R69 2 Resistor SMD 180k 1% R-EU_R1206 Vishay RCA1206180KFKEA Yes Yes
R31, R71 2 Resistor SMD 100R 1% R-EU_R1206 Vishay RCA1206100RFKEA Yes Yes
R34, R76 2 Resistor SMD 18k 1% R-EU_R1206 Vishay RCA120618K0FKEA Yes Yes
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R48 1 Resistor SMD 5k6 1% R-EU_R1206 Vishay RCA12065K60FKEA Yes Yes
R59, R61, R62 3 Resistor SMD 820R 1% R-EU_R1206 Vishay RCA1206820RFKEA Yes Yes
R63, R67 2 Resistor SMD 1M2 1% R-EU_R1206 Vishay RCA12061M20FKEA Yes Yes
R65 1 Resistor trough hole 150k 1% R-EU_0207/10 Vishay MRS25000C1503FCT Yes Yes
R66 1 Resistor trough hole 47R 1% R-EU_0207/10 Vishay MRS25000C4709FCT Yes Yes
Thermistor PTCCL09H191HBE is type for 230V PTCCL09H191HBE 2381 661 51913
R68 1 P594 Vishay Yes Yes
Thermistor PTCCL13H321HBE width range PTCCL13H321HBE 2381 662 53213
R70 1 Resistor SMD 3k9 1% R-EU_R1206 Vishay RCA12063K90FKEA Yes Yes
R80 1 Resistor trough hole, high voltage 4M7 5% R-EU_0414/15 Vishay VR37000004704JA100 Yes Yes
TL1, TL2, TL3, TL4 4 Inductor 2u2 20% RFB0807 Coilcraft RFB0807-2R2L Yes Yes
TR1 1 Resonant transformer 2652.0017A 10% 2652 Pulse 2652.0017A Yes Yes
TR2 1 Stand by transformer 2362.0031B 10% 2362 Pulse 2362.0031B Yes Yes
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12 Appendix
12.1 NCP1396
• Datasheet
• AND8255: A Simple DC SPICE Model for the LLC Converter
• Excel spreadsheet to help LLC circuit design
12.2 NCP1605
• Datasheet
• AND8281: Implementing the NCP1605 to Drive the PFC Stage of a 19 V / 8 A Power Supply
• NCP1605 PFC Boost Design Worksheet
12.3 NCP1027
• Datasheet
• AND8241: A 5 V/2 A Standby Power Supply for Intel Compliant ATX Applications
• NCP1027 Brownout Computing
1 2.4 References
Draft Commission Communication on Policy Instruments to Reduce Stand-by Losses of Consumer
Electronic Equipment (19 February 1999)
• http://energyefficiency.jrc.cec.eu.int/pdf/consumer_electronics_communication.pdf
CSC (China):
• http://www.cecp.org.cn/englishhtml/index.asp
EU Eco-label (Europe):
• http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/ecolabel/product/pg_television_en.htm
GEEA (Europe):
• http://www.efficient-appliances.org/
• http://www.efficient-appliances.org/Criteria.htm
Energy Star:
• http://www.energystar.gov/
• http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=product_specs.pt_product_specs
• http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=revisions.tv_vcr_spec
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