Writing Food Safety Plans

What is a Food Safety Plan?

A Food Safety Plan, also often referred to as a HACCP Plan (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) is a set of
written procedures that will help to eliminate, prevent or reduce food safety hazards that may cause your customer to
become ill or injured. Food Safety Plans begin at the receiving/storage stage as the food enters the premises and
follows that food until the point where it is served or purchased.

Under the Food Premises Regulation, every operator of a food service establishment and food premises where
carcasses are handled or where food is processed or prepared must develop, maintain and follow a Food Safety Plan
to ensure that a health hazard does not occur in the operation of the facility. A Food Safety Plan must be completed
and approved before a permit/approval will be issued by an Environmental Health Officer.

Some of the most common practices that lead to foodborne illnesses include improper cooling and cold storage,
advanced preparation, inadequate reheating, cross-contamination, and inadequate cooking. Food Safety Plans focus
on the critical steps within the preparation of the food to prevent these practices from occurring.

Below is an example of a general Food Safety Plan that outlines typical steps in the food preparation process. Your
process may not follow this template exactly, so ensure that you tailor your plan to match the process you follow.

Preparation CCP Potential Critical Limits Monitoring

Corrective Actions
Step * Hazards (Food Safety Standards) Actions
Food is obtained from Verify with
Contamination approved sources supplier if in doubt
of food Refrigerated food Check temperature
Return unsuitable food to the
Receiving temperature is 4OC or less of food and record
supplier
Y Growth of upon receipt
pathogens Food is wholesome, free of Visually inspect
pests; packaging is food and packaging
undamaged
Perishable food is stored at Check temperature Adjust temperature setting or
4OC or colder of food/cooler and service the unit
record
Store frozen food at -18OC Move food to alternate
or colder Check temperature storage unit
of food/cooler and
record Discard food held above 4OC
for more than 2 hours
Growth of Thaw frozen food:
Storage Y
Pathogens
 In cooler/refrigerator
 Under cold running
water
Observe thawing Modify practices; discard
 In microwave, just prior practice contaminated food
to use

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 Sanitize food contact
surfaces and equipment prior
to use Verify proper Modify practices; discard
sanitizer contaminated food
Practice food employee concentration with
hygiene: test strips
Contamination  No ill employees Require rewashing of hands
Preparation Y  Frequent hand washing if necessary
of food
 Cuts, burns and abrasions Observe practices
treated and covered
 Clean clothing worn Ill workers to be assigned
non-food handling duties or
 Hair restrained
Observe staff excluded from work
 No jewelry
 Clean fingernails
Cook food to an internal Check internal
temperature of: temperature, using
Continue cooking until the
Survival of a probe
Cooking Y required internal food
pathogens  74OC thermometer, at the
temperature is reached
thickest part of the
food
Check internal Adjust temperature setting or
temperature, using service unit;
a probe
Growth of Hold potentially hazardous Move food to alternate
Hot Holding Y thermometer, at the
pathogens foods at or above 60OC storage unit;
thickest part of the
food and record Discard food held below
temperature 60OC for more than 2 hours
Cool foods:

60OC to 20OC within 2

hours; then from 20OC to Check internal
4OC within 4 hours; temperature, using
Total cooling time should be a probe
6 hours or less thermometer, of the
food at various
Growth of Maintain at 4OC or colder. Discard food if cooling times
Cooling Y times during
pathogens and temperatures are not met
cooling; use a timer
Cooling methods: to ensure that food
 Use shallow storage is cooled within the
containers appropriate
 Use an ice bath timeframe
 Use an ice wand
 Wait until food is cold
before covering
Check internal Continue cooking until the
temperature, using required internal food
Survival of Reheat foods to 74OC within a probe temperature is reached
Reheating Y
pathogens 2 hours thermometer, at the
thickest part of the Discard food that takes more
food than 2 hours to reach 74OC

*Dependent on specific process and food products

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Food Safety Plan Components
When writing a Food Safety Plan, you have to consider the components below:

Potentially Hazardous Foods

Describe the procedures to follow when handling any potentially hazardous foods that are served in your
establishment. Potentially hazardous foods are those that are capable of supporting the growth of
disease-causing microorganisms or the production of toxins. These are usually foods that are considered
perishable. Examples:

 Foods of animal origin (meat, fish, dairy, eggs, etc.)

 Foods of plant origin (vegetables, fruits, etc.) that have been cut or cooked
 Raw seed sprouts (alfalfa, bean sprouts, radish sprouts, etc.)
 Cooked starches (pasta, rice, etc.)
 Soybean proteins (soy milk, tofu, etc.)

Critical Control Points

For each potentially hazardous menu item, create a food safety plan using a step by step procedure that
identifies the critical control points.

Critical Control Points (Critical Steps): A Critical Control Point (CCP) is a step in the preparation
process where a food safety hazard can be controlled. Subsequent steps in the preparation process will
not eliminate the hazard if it is not controlled at this point. Some items will have more than one CCP.
Clearly identify these steps for each potentially hazardous food item. Examples of where CCPs may
exist:

 receiving  preparation  cooling

 storage  cooking  reheating
 hot holding

Not all steps are always considered critical. Some may be considered critical steps for some menu items,
but not other menu items. It depends on how the item is prepared.

Critical Limits

Critical Limit (Food Safety Standard): A Critical Limit is a measurable standard or limit that must be
met to control the food safety hazard at a Critical Control Point. Examples:

 cold storage temperature of 4OC or less

 final cook temperature of 74OC
 hot holding temperature of 60OC or more
 cooling food from 60OC to 20OC within 2 hours and 20OC to 4OC within 4 hours

Monitoring Actions

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 Describe how you will ensure that the critical limits are adhered to. Monitoring can include measuring an
internal temperature, visually assessing food, or observing practices. All monitoring results are to be
recorded.

Taking Corrective Action

Determine action(s) required when a critical limit is not met. Some examples:

 Cook the product longer  Reheat the product  Discard the product

Types of Food Safety Plans

There are three types of food safety plans that can be used to control food safety hazards in your
establishment: recipe, flowchart and process based.

Recipe Based Food Safety Plans

Recipe based food safety plans incorporate the food safety plan components into a standard recipe.
Additional information, such as sanitation instructions, can also be added if necessary.

Flowchart Based Food Safety Plans

Flowchart based food safety plans are often used in food manufacturing. They provide excellent detail,
but a separate flowchart is required for each item. This can be a challenge in establishments where the
menu changes on a regular basis.

Process Based Food Safety Plans

The process based food safety plan involves grouping together menu items that are processed in the same
way. One plan can be applied to a number of different menu items. Some of the common processes used
to prepare foods include:

 No Cook: items such as salads, sandwiches

 Cook – Serve: items such as steaks, burgers, chicken strips
 Cook – Chill – Serve: items such as potato salad, chicken salad
 Cook – Chill – Reheat – Serve: items such as soups, pasta sauce

The appendix below contains examples and templates of Food Safety Plans for you to reference, as well
as the general minimum standards or critical limits that need to be met and their corresponding corrective
actions. Record Monitoring Sheets are also included for your convenience.

Writing a Food Safety Plan

Choose the type of plan that is the easiest for you to use. Regardless of the style, the process for
developing the plan is the same:

1. Review your menu and identify all of the potentially hazardous items
2. For each item, identify the:
o critical control points
o critical limit(s) for each critical control point
o monitoring actions required for each critical limit
o corrective actions required if a critical limit is not met
3. Include any other information necessary to control food safety hazards
4. Once you have the plan completed, review using the checklist below:

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Food Safety Plan Checklist
□ Does the food safety plan include all the potentially hazardous foods?
□ Does the plan content match the menu?
□ Are the CCPs included and do they appear to be correct?
□ Are the critical limits included, measurable and specific?
□ Are the monitoring steps included in the food safety plan and are they reasonable?
□ Do employees have the tools needed for monitoring (thermometers, sanitizer test strips, etc.)?
□ Are the corrective actions outlined for each CCP and are they appropriate to control the hazard?

Using Your Food Safety Plan

Train Your Staff
Once your food safety plan is completed and reviewed by the Environmental Health Officer, the next step
is to put it into action. Train your staff to use the plan and identify those who are responsible for using it.

Measure Food & Equipment Temperatures

Use a calibrated thermometer to measure food temperatures. The following table suggests testing
frequencies for different steps:

Storage & Handling Testing Frequency Comments

Coolers/Refrigeration 2x per day or more Regularly check built in thermometers against a 2nd
Units thermometer known to be accurate (i.e., recently
calibrated)
Cold-holding 2x per day or more Check cooling inserts and foods held on ice
Hot-holding 2x per day or more Randomly check 1 food item in each holding unit 2 hours
after commencement of hot-holding
Cooking/Re-heating On each instance Check cooking and reheating temperatures for each food
item.

If a problem is discovered, take immediate action to correct it.

We recommend recording both temperatures and any corrective actions taken. Log sheets are included at
the end of this document. We suggest keeping temperature records on site for three months.

Review the Food Safety Plan periodically to ensure that it is complete and matches the menu. Your plan
must be maintained on site.

For more information on Food Safety Plans, please review Ensuring Food Safety: Writing Your Own
Food Safety Plan – The HACCP Way available on the BCCDC’s Food Guidelines & Information
website.

Special thanks to Interior Health Authority for their assistance in the development of this document

February 2015 Page 5 of 17

 FOOD SAFETY PLAN
Business Name: ________________________________________

Address: ________________________________________

________________________________________

Owner/Operator: ________________________________________

Food Premises Regulation - B.C. Reg. 210/99

Food handling procedures
23 (1) In this section:
"critical control point" means a location in a food service establishment or a step in the
establishment's procedures where failure to comply with the Act or this regulation may result in a
health hazard;
"critical limit" means standards that must be met to ensure that a health hazard does not occur at
a critical control point.

(2) Every operator of a food service establishment must develop, maintain and follow
written procedures to ensure that a health hazard does not occur in the operation
of the establishment.

(3) The written procedures required by subsection (2) must include

(a) identification of all critical control points,
(b) critical limits for those critical control points,
(c) the procedures to be followed to ensure adherence to the critical limits, and
(d) the actions to be taken in the event that the critical limits are not adhered
to.

(4) Every operator of food premises where carcasses are handled or where food is
processed or prepared must develop, maintain and follow written procedures
referred to in subsection (2) that
(a) comply with subsection (3), and
(b) are approved by a health officer.

Date Prepared/Reviewed: ___________________

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 Menu Item Food Safety Plan Guidelines

Menu Item: Include foods that are prepared in the same manner per plan.

Critical Limits: Include where items are purchased and if received frozen or fresh.
Receiving:
CP Monitoring: What checks are done to ensure a safe product; e.g., temperature or visual checks.

Corrective Action: What will be done if the product is damaged or rendered unsafe; e.g., discard or
return to supplier.

Critical Limits: Where will the product be stored and at what temperature. (4°C/40°F or -18°C/0°F).
Storage:
CP Monitoring: How will you ensure the product will remain safe? e.g., temperature checks.

Corrective Action: What will be done if the storage temperature becomes unsafe; e.g., phone repair
man, transfer food to working cooler.

Preparation: Avoid contamination: wash hands, use clean and sanitized work surfaces and equipment. Use
CP approved thawing method if required. Potentially hazardous foods < 1hour preparation time.

Critical Limits: Include how items are cooked as well as the safe cooking temperatures (min. 74°C /
Cooking: 165°F).
CCP
Monitoring: What procedures are in place to ensure the food is cooked properly; e.g., check with
probe thermometer, visual checks.

Corrective Action: What will be done if the food item isn’t properly cooked when checked during
cooking; e.g. continue cooking to 74°C.

Critical Limits: Will the item be cold held (4°C / 40°F or colder) or hot held (60°C / 140°F or
Holding: hotter).
CCP
Monitoring: How will you ensure the food remains safe; e.g., check with probe thermometer.

Corrective Action: What will be done if the temperature drops below 60°C/140°F; e.g., reheat to
74°C if within 2 hours or discard. If cold holding temperature rises above 4°C / 40°F, cool rapidly if
within 2 hours or discard.

Cooling: Use shallow pans, cooling wands and, ice baths to cool from 60°C to 20°C in less than 2 hours and
CCP from 20°C to 4°C in less than 4 hours. Maintain at 4°C or colder.

Reheating:
Reheat quickly to 74°C/165°F for at least 15 seconds, reheat once and discard leftovers.
CCP

February 2015 Page 7 of 17

 Menu Item Food Safety Plan Template

Menu Items:

Receiving: Critical Limits:

CP

4°C (40°F) Monitoring:

-18°C (0°F)

Corrective Action:

Storage: Critical Limits:

CP

4°C (40°F) Monitoring:

-18°C (0°F)

Corrective Action:

Preparation: Avoid contamination: wash hands & use clean and sanitized cutting boards and utensils. Approved
CP thawing method if required. Potentially hazardous foods < 1 hour preparation time.

Cooking: Critical Limits:

CCP

74°C (165°F) Monitoring:

Corrective Action:

Holding: Critical Limits:

CCP

4°C (40°F) or Monitoring:

60°C (140°F)

Corrective Action:

Cooling: Use shallow pans, cooling wands, ice baths, to cool from 60°C to 20°C in less than 2 hours and from
CCP 20°C to 4°C in less than 4 hours. Maintain at 4°C or colder.

Reheating:
Reheat quickly to 74°C (165°F) for at least 15 seconds, reheat once and discard leftovers.
CCP

February 2015 Page 8 of 17

 Recipe Based Food Safety Plan Example

Beef Stew Recipe Based Food Safety Plan

Ingredients Weights and Measures
Stewing beef (pre-cooked) 2.5 kilograms
Beef stew base, Beef 1 can (each)
consommé, Beef gravy
Vegetables (frozen) 2 packages
Seasoning 1 packet
Water 5 litres

PREPARING

1. Pour beef stew base, beef consommé, and beef gravy into stockpot. Add water
and seasoning. Stir with wire whisk until all seasoning is dissolved.
COOKING
2. Preheat stove. Begin heating beef stew mix.
3. Break up any clumps in the frozen vegetables. Add to the beef stew mix. Stir
with long-handled spoon.
Critical Control Point 4. Add cooked stewing beef and stir. Continue heating beef stew until 74°C
(165°F) or hotter is reached for at least 15 seconds. Simmer for 30 minutes.
Continue cooking.
SERVING AND HOLDING
5. Serve immediately, or
Critical Control Point 6. Hold beef stew at 60°C (140°F) or hotter in hot hold unit, and cover if
possible. Do not mix new product with old. Reheat to 74°C (165°F) if stew is
less than 60°C (140°F) for 2 hours or less. If more than 2 hours, discard.
COOLING
Control Point 7. Cool in shallow pans with a product depth not to exceed 2 inches. Product
temperature must reach 20°C (70°F) within 2 hours and then reach 4°C
(40°F) within 4 hours (6 hours total). Stir frequently. Discard product that is
not cooled to 4°C in 6 hours.
8. Store at a product temperature of 4°C (40°F) or colder in the cooler. Cover.
REHEATING
Critical Control Point 9. Reheat beef stew to a product temperature of 74°C (165°F) or hotter for
at least 15 seconds within 2 hours - one time only. Continue to reheat or
discard if temperature not reached within 2 hours.
Sanitation Instructions:

Measure all temperatures with a cleaned and sanitized thermometer. Wash hands before handling food, after
handling raw foods, and after any activity that may contaminate hands. Wash, rinse, and sanitize all equipment and
utensils before and after use. Return all ingredients to refrigerated storage if preparation is delayed or interrupted.

February 2015 Page 9 of 17

 Process Based Food Safety Plan Template

Complex Food Preparation

Menu Items (list): _____________________________

Is Preparation
Preparation Steps Step a CCP? Critical Limit Check for Critical Limit Corrective Action
(yes/no) (Monitoring)

Receive Food

Cold Holding

Preparation

Cook (list cooking

temperatures for
individual foods)

Cooling

Reheating

Hot Holding

1. Review the preparation steps for menu items grouped in this process.
2. Identify which preparation steps are critical steps in your food operation.
3. Set a critical limit for critical steps.
4. Identify how the critical limit should be checked.
5. Determine the action food handlers will take if the critical limit is not met.

February 2015 Page 10 of 17

 Process Based Food Safety Plan Template

Food Preparation with no Cook Step

Menu Items (list): _____________________________

Is Preparation
Preparation Steps Step a CCP? Critical Limit Check for Critical Limit Corrective Action
(yes/no) (Monitoring)

Receive Food

Cold Holding

Preparation

Cold Holding

1. Review the preparation steps for menu items grouped in this process.
2. Identify which preparation steps are critical steps in your food operation.
3. Set a critical limit for critical steps.
4. Identify how the critical limit should be checked.
5. Determine the action food handlers will take if the critical limit is not met.

February 2015 Page 11 of 17

 Process Based Food Safety Plan Template

Preparation for Same Day Service

Menu Items (list): _____________________________

Is Preparation
Preparation Steps Step a CCP? Critical Limit Check for Critical Limit Corrective Action
(yes/no) (Monitoring)

Receive Food

Cold Holding

Preparation

Cook (list cooking

temperatures for
individual foods)

Hot Holding

1. Review the preparation steps for menu items grouped in this process.
2. Identify which preparation steps are critical steps in your food operation.
3. Set a critical limit for critical steps.
4. Identify how the critical limit should be checked.
5. Determine the action food handlers will take if the critical limit is not met.

February 2015 Page 12 of 17

 General Process Based Food Safety Plan Example

Food Safety Monitoring the

Step CCP? Critical Limits Corrective Action
Hazards Critical Steps
Contamination Obtain meat, eggs,
Pathogens poultry, fish, Check paper Reject product if not from an
Receiving Yes/No
Toxins shellfish, dairy from work each load approved source
Parasites approved facility
Visual
inspection,
Contamination PHF check Reject load if contaminated or
Receiving Yes/No
Pathogen growth Temperature <4°C temperature >4°C if PHF
before
unloading
Check food and Immediately cook food if
Growth of PHF
Storage Yes/No air temperature temperature >4°C, lower cooler
pathogens Temperature <4°C
every 4 hours temperature
Note time
Growth of PHF’s taken
PHF’s out of Cook immediately or cool rapidly
Preparation pathogens and toxin Yes/No from
refrigeration <1 hour using ice
development temperature
control
63°C/15 sec
Check
68°C/15 sec
temperature at Continue heating until
Cooking Pathogen growth Yes 74°C/15 sec
the end of temperature achieved
*Time/Temp is
cooking
dependent on product
Check
Pathogen growth Reheat to 74°C if temperature
temperature in
Hot Holding and toxin Yes >60°C drops below 56°C. Adjust hot
hot hold unit
development table temperature
every 2 hours
Cool from 60°C to
Check food
20°C within 2 hours
Cooling Pathogen growth Yes/No temperature Discard food if standard not met
and from 20°C to 4°C
every hour
in 4 hours
Reheat to 74°C. Check
Discard if time/temperature
Reheating Pathogen survival Yes Reheating must take temperature of
parameters not met
less than 2 hours food every hour

February 2015 Page 13 of 17

 General Minimum Standards and Corrective Actions

Handling Step Minimum Standards Corrective Action

Received in good condition

Obtained from an approved source
Receiving Cold food 4OC (40OF) or less Reject product
Frozen food -18OC (0OF)

Cold hold at 4OC (40OF) or less

If more than 4OC (40OF) for more
Refrigerate/Thaw Thaw foods at 4OC (40OF) or less
than 2 hours, throw out

Clean hands
Clean and sanitize work surfaces Change policies and practices
Prepare Healthy worker with clean attire
Maximum 2 hour preparation time Throw out food

Cook to at least 74OC (165OF) or use minimum

Continue cooking to required
Cook temperatures for each food
temperature

Reheat foods to at least 74OC (165OF) within 2

If reheating takes more than 2
Reheat hours
hours, throw out

If temperature is less than 60OC

(140OF) for more than 2 hours,
Hot-Hold Hot-hold at 60OC (140OF) or more
throw out

Cool from 60OC (140OF) to 20OC (70OF)

within 2 hours and from 20OC (70OF) to 4OC
Cool Throw out food
(40OF) within 4 hours

February 2015 Page 14 of 17

 MONTHLY TEMPERATURE LOG SHEET

MONTH: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

FRIDGES
(4ºC or less)

FREEZERS
(-18ºC or less)

HOT
HOLDING
(60ºC or higher)

DISHWASHER
wash temp.
(60ºC or higher)

rinse
( 82ºC)
( >50 ppm chlorine)

Page 15 of 17
Temperature Monitoring Log (Single Unit with Corrective Action)

Month: ___________________

Unit

O
Date C Initials Corrective Action
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31

Monitoring: Corrective Action:

Required temperatures are as follows: Apply following action as appropriate:
 Coolers: at or below 4OC  Adjust temperature setting
 Freezers: at or below -18OC  Have unit serviced
 Reheat/Cook: above 74OC  Move food to alternate unit
 Hot-holding: at or above 60OC  Discard if exceeds 2 hrs in danger zone
Page 16 of 17
 Cooling Log
Date Food Item Temperature (OC) Total Corrective Actions
cooling (if total cooling not complete in
After After complete in 6 hours or less)
Initial 2 6 6 hours or
hours hours less (Y/N)

Cooling Procedure
Cool foods as follows:

60OC to 20OC in 2 hours; then from 20OC to 4OC in 4 hours;

(Total cooling time should be 6 hours or less)

Good practices include:

 Shallow storage containers
 Use an ice bath
 Use an ice wand
 Wait until food is cold before covering

Monitoring:
 Check cooling methods every 2-3 months or when Food Safety Plan is first implemented

Corrective Actions:
 Discard food held above 20OC, but less than 60OC for more than 2 hours
 Discard food held above 4OC, but at or below 20OC for more than 4 hours

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