P. R.

Government College (A), Kakinada

III year B.Sc. Degree Examinations, – V Semester
Mathematics Course: Linear Algebra
Paper-VI (Model Paper w.e.f. 2019-20)
Time: 2 Hrs 30 Min ________ Max. Marks: 60 M

PART – I
Answer ALL the following questions. Each question carries 1 mark. 5x1=5M

1. Define linear combination of vectors.

2. Write the standard basis of V2 ( R) .

3. Find the null space of the transformation T : R 2  R 3 defined by

T ( x, y )  ( x  y , x  y , y ) .

5 4 
4. Find the Eigen values of the matrix 1 2 
 
5. Write Bessel’s inequality.

PART –II
Answer any THREEof the following questions.Each questioncarries 5 marks. 3 x 5 =15

6. Determine whether the set of vector {(1, -2, 1), (2, 1, -1), (7, -4, 1)} is linearly
dependent or Linearly independent.

7. If 𝑊 is a subspace of a finite dimensional vector space 𝑉(𝐹) then prove that W is

also finite dimensional and dim 𝑊 ≤ dim 𝑉.

8. Find T(x, y, z) where T: R 3  R is defined by T(1,1,1)=3, T(0,1,-2)=1, T(0,0,1)= -2.

9. Solve the following system of linear equations

2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 0, 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 0, 4𝑥 − 𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 0.

10. State and prove Parsevel’s identity.

 PART –III
Answer any FIVE questions from the following by choosing at least TWO from each
section. Each question carries 8 marks.
5 X 8 = 40 M
SECTION – A

11. Prove that a non empty subset 𝑊 of a vector space 𝑉(𝐹) is a subspace of 𝑉 if and only
if 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝐹, 𝛼, 𝛽 ∈ 𝑊 ⇒ 𝑎𝛼 + 𝑏𝛽 ∈ 𝑊.

12. Let V(F) be a vector space and S = { 1, 2, ... n } is a finite subset of non-zero vectors

of V(F). Then S is linearly dependent if and only if some vector  k  S, 2  k  n ,

can be expressed as a linear combination of its preceding vectors.

13. Show that the set of vectors { (2, 1, 4), (1, -1, 2), (3, 1, -2)} form a basis for R 3 .
14. Let W be a sub space of a finite dimensional vector space V(F), then prove that
dim V/W = dimV – dimW.
SECTION – B
15. State and prove rank and nullity theorem.
16. Discuss for all values of 𝜆, the system of equations 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 6, 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 2𝑧 =
6, 𝜆𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 6 as regards existence and nature of solutions.
17. State and prove Cauchy-Schwarz’s inequality.
18. Applying Gram-Schmidt process, obtain an orthonormal basis of R3(R) from the basis
11.
{(2, 0, 1), (3, -1, 5), (0, 4, 2) }.
12.
 P.R. GOVERNMENT COLLEGE (A), KAKINADA
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
Question Bank
PAPER–VI: LINEAR ALGEBRA
Very short answers
UNIT-I
1. Define addition of vectors and scalar multiplication of vectors.
2. Define internal composition and external composition.
3. Define vector space and null space.
4. Define linear combination of vectors.
5. Define linear span of a set.
6. Define linear sum of two subspaces.

7. Define linear independent set and linear dependent set.

8. A single non-zero vector forms a ____.
9. If S and T are the subspaces of vector space V(F) then L(SUT) = ______.

10. Show that the vectors (2, -3), (6, -9) are linearly dependent in 𝑉2 (R).

UNIT-II
11. Define basis of a vector space.

12. Define finite dimensional vector space.

13. Write the standard basis of V3 ( R) .

14. Define Coordinates.

15. Every set of (n+1) or more vectors in an n-dimensional vector space is______.

16. Define Quotient space.

17. Show that the vectors (1, -1), (-2, -3) form a basis of 𝑉2 (R).

18. Extend S={(1, 1, 1)} into a basis for 𝑉3 (R).

UNIT-III
19. Define linear transformation.

20. Define null space and range space.

21. Show that the mapping 𝑇: 𝑉1 → 𝑉3 defined by 𝑇(𝑥 ) = (𝑥, 2𝑥, 3𝑥 ) is a Linear
transformation.
22. Find a Linear Transformation 𝑇: 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 such that 𝑇(1,0) = (1,1) and
𝑇(0,1) = (−1,2)

23. Find the null space of the linear transformation T : R 2  R 3 defined by

T ( x, y )  ( x  y , x  y , y )

24. Test whether the mapping 𝑇: 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 defined by 𝑇(𝑎, 𝑏) = (2𝑎 + 3𝑏, 3𝑎 − 4𝑏) is a
linear transformation or not.

25. Test whether the mapping 𝑇: 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 defined by 𝑇(𝑎, 𝑏) = (|𝑎|, 0) is a linear

transformation or not.

26. Find 𝑇: 𝑅3 → 𝑅4 is a linear transformation whose range is spanned by (1,-1,2,3) and

(2,3,-1,0).

UNIT-IV
27. Define symmetric and skew symmetric matrices with examples.

28. Define diagonal matrix with an example.

29. Define Hermitian and skew Hermitian matrices with examples.

30. Define Eigen values and Eigen vectors of a square matrix.

5 4].
31. Find the Eigen values of the matrix [
1 2

32. Define Characteristic equation with an example.

1 0 5
33. Find the characteristic polynomial of a square matrix A=⌈0 2 6⌉.
3 1 4
34. State Cauchy-Hamilton theorem.

UNIT-V
35. Define Inner product space.

36. Define Unitary space.

37. Define Euclidean space.

38. State Parallelogram law.

39. State Triangle inequality.

40. State Cauchy-Schwartz’s inequality.

41. State Bessel’s inequality.

42. State Parseval’s inequality.

43. Every orthogonal set of non-zero vectors in an inner product space V(F) is ____ set.

44. Find a unit vector which is orthogonal to (1, 2, 1) in 𝑅3 (𝑅) with the standard inner
product.

Short answers
UNIT-I
1. Let 𝑉 be the set of all pairs (𝑎, 𝑏) of real numbers. Show that 𝑉 is not a vector space
with the operations defined by (𝑎1 , 𝑏1 ) + (𝑎2 , 𝑏2 ) = (𝑎1 + 𝑎2 , 0), 𝑐 (𝑎1 , 𝑏1 ) =
(𝑐𝑎1 , 𝑏1 ).

2. Prove that the intersection of any two subspaces 𝑊1 and 𝑊2 of vector space V(F) is
subspace of V(F).

3. Let 𝑝, 𝑞, 𝑟 be the fixed elements of a field 𝐹. Show that the set 𝑊 of all triads (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)
of elements of 𝐹 such that 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞𝑦 + 𝑟𝑧 = 0 is a vector space of 𝑉3 (𝐹).

4. Let 𝑅 be the field of real numbers and 𝑊 = {(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧): 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 are rational numbers}.
Is 𝑊 is a subspace of 𝑉3 (𝑅).

5. Show that the subset 𝑊 = {(𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 )⁄𝑎2 + 𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 ≤ 1} is not a subspace of 𝑅3 (𝑅).

6. Prove that the linear span 𝐿(𝑆) of any subset 𝑆 of a vector space 𝑉(𝐹) is a subspace of
𝑉(𝐹).

7. If 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾 are linearly independent vectors of 𝑉(𝑅), then show that 𝛼 + 𝛽, 𝛽 + 𝛾, 𝛾 + 𝛼

are also linearly independent.

UNIT-II

8. Show that the set of vectors {(2, 1, 4), (1, -1, 2), (3, 1, -2)} form a basis for 𝑅3 .

9. Show that the set S={(1, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0), (1, 1, 0), (1, 1, 1)} is a spanning set of 𝑅3 (𝑅),
but not a basis.

10. Show that the set {(1,0,0), (1,10), (1,1,1)} is a basis of 𝐶 3 (𝐶 ). Hence find the
coordinates of the vector (3+4i, 6i, 3+7i) in 𝐶 3 (𝐶 ).

11. Find the coordinate of (2, 3, 4, -1) with respect to the basis 𝐵 = {(1,1,1,2),
(1, −1,0,0), (0,0,1,1), (0,1,0,0)} of 𝑉4 (𝑅).
12. Prove that every set of (𝑛 + 1) or more vectors in an n-dimensional vector space is
linearly dependent.

13. If U = {(1,2,1), (0,1,2)} and W = {(1,0,0), (0,1,0)} determine the dimension of U+W.

14. Let 𝑊1 and 𝑊2 be two subspaces of 𝑅4 given by 𝑊1 = {(𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑 ): 𝑏 − 2𝑐 + 𝑑 = 0},

𝑊2 = {(𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑 ): 𝑎 = 𝑑, 𝑏 = 2𝑐 }. Find the basis and dimension of (i) 𝑊1 , (ii) 𝑊2 ,
(iii) 𝑊1 ∩ 𝑊2 and hence find 𝑑𝑖𝑚(𝑊1 + 𝑊2 ).

15. Let W be a subspace of a finite dimensional vector space V(F), then prove that
𝑑𝑖𝑚 𝑉 ⁄𝑊 = dim 𝑉 − dim 𝑊.

UNIT-III
16. Define linear transformation and show that the function 𝑇: 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 defined by
𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (𝑥 − 𝑦, 0, 𝑦 + 𝑧) is a linear transformation.
17. Find a linear transformation 𝑇: 𝑅3 → 𝑅 such that 𝑇(1,1,1) = 3, 𝑇(0,1, −2) = 1,
𝑇(0,0,1) = −2.
18. Find a linear transformation 𝑇: 𝑈 → 𝑉 be such that whose basis and range are
{(1,2,1), (2,1,0), (1, −1, −2)} 𝑎𝑛𝑑 {(1,0,0), (0,1,0), (1,1,1)}.
19. Let 𝑇: 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 be defined by 𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧, 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧, −𝑥 − 2𝑦).
Then verify Rank-nullity theorem.
20. Describe explicitly the linear transformation 𝑇: 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 whose range space is
spanned by {(1, 0, -1), (1, 2, 2)}.
21. Let 𝑈(𝐹) and 𝑉(𝐹) be two vector spaces such that 𝑇: U(F) → V(F) be a linear
transformation. Then define range set of T and prove that the range set 𝑅(𝑇) is a
subspace of 𝑉(𝐹).

UNIT-IV
22. Solve the system of linear equations 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 0, 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 0,
4𝑥 − 𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 0 are consistent or not.

23. Is it the system of equations 𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 7𝑧 = 14, 3𝑥 + 8𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 13,

7𝑥 − 8𝑦 + 26𝑧 = 5 are consistent.
3 1 4
24. Find the eigen values and eigen vectors of the square matrix A=( 0 2 5 ).
0 0 4
−2 1 −1
25. Verify Cayley-Hamilton theorem for the matrix A= ( 1 2 −1).
3 1 0
 UNIT-V
26. State and Prove Triangle-Inequality.

27. State and prove Parallelogram law in an inner product space V(F).

28. State and prove Parseval’s inequality in an inner product space V(F).

29. Prove that every orthogonal set of non-zero vectors in an Inner Product Space V(F) is
linearly independent.

30. Prove that every orthonormal set of vectors is linearly independent.

1 −2 −2 2 −1 2 2 2 −1
31. Prove that the set S = {(3 , , ) , (3 , , 3) , (3 , 3 , )} is an orthonormal set in the
3 3 3 3
inner product space 𝑅3 (𝑅) with the standard inner product.

Essay questions
UNIT-I

1. Let V(F) be a vector space and 𝑊 ⊆ 𝑉. Then prove that the necessary and sufficient
conditions for 𝑊 to be a subspace of 𝑉 are

(i) 𝛼 ∈ 𝑊, 𝛽 ∈ 𝑊 ⟹ 𝛼 − 𝛽 ∈ 𝑊 (𝑖𝑖 )𝑎 ∈ 𝐹, 𝛼 ∈ 𝑊 ⟹ 𝑎𝛼 ∈ 𝑊

2. State and prove the necessary and sufficient condition for a non-empty subset of a
vector space to be a subspace.

3. Prove that the union of two subspaces of a vector space is a subspace if and only if
one is contained in the other.

4. If 𝑊1 and 𝑊2 are two subspaces of a vector space V(F) then prove that

(i) 𝑊1 + 𝑊2 is a subspace of 𝑉(𝐹) and (ii) 𝑊1 ⊆ 𝑊1 + 𝑊2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑊2 ⊆ 𝑊1 + 𝑊2 .

5. If 𝑆 and 𝑇 are the subsets of a vector space 𝑉(𝐹) then prove that

(i) 𝑆 ⊆ 𝑇 ⇒ 𝐿(𝑆) ⊆ 𝐿(𝑇) and (ii) 𝐿(𝑆 ∪ 𝑇) = 𝐿(𝑆) + 𝐿(𝑇).

6. Let 𝑉(𝐹) be a vector space and 𝑆 = {𝛼1 , 𝛼2 , … , 𝛼𝑛 } is a finite subset of non-zero

vectors of 𝑉(𝐹). Then prove that 𝑆 is linearly dependent if and only if some vector
𝛼𝑘 ∈ 𝑆, 2 ≤ 𝑘 ≤ 𝑛 can be expressed as a linear combination of its preceding vectors.

UNTI-II

7. Let 𝑊1 and 𝑊2 be two subspaces of a finite dimensional vector space V(F). Then
prove that 𝑑𝑖𝑚(𝑊1 + 𝑊2 ) = dim 𝑊1 + dim 𝑊2 − dim(𝑊1 ∩ 𝑊2 ).

8. State and Prove Basis Existence theorem.

9. State and prove Basis Extension theorem.

10. Prove that any two bases of a finite dimensional vector space V(F) have the same
number of elements.

11. Define finite dimensional vector space. If W is a subspace of a finite dimensional

vector space V(F), then prove that W is finite dimensional and dim W≤ 𝑛.

12. Let W be a subspace of a finite dimensional vector space V(F) then prove that
dim(𝑉/𝑊) = dim 𝑉 − dim 𝑊.

UNIT-III
13. Let 𝐿(𝑈, 𝑉) be the vector space of all linear transformations from 𝑈(𝐹) to 𝑉(𝐹) such
that 𝑑𝑖𝑚 𝑈 = 𝑛 and 𝑑𝑖𝑚 𝑉 = 𝑚, then prove that 𝑑𝑖𝑚 𝐿(𝑈, 𝑉) = 𝑚𝑛.

14. Let 𝑈(𝐹) and 𝑉(𝐹) be two vector spaces and 𝑇: U → V is a linear transformation.
Then prove that the range space 𝑅(𝑇) is a subspace of 𝑉(𝐹) and null space 𝑁(𝑇) is a
subspace of 𝑈(𝐹).

15. State and prove Rank - Nullity theorem.

16. Let 𝑇: 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 be defined by 𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧, 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧, −𝑥 − 2𝑦).
Then verify Rank-nullity theorem.

UNIT-IV
17. Find the characteristic roots and the corresponding vectors of the square matrix
3 10 5
A= 
2 3 4
 
 3 5 7 
18. Find the characteristic equation of A and hence find 𝐴−1 , where
1 2 −4
A = ( 3 −1 2 ).
2 5 0
19. State and prove Cayley-Hamilton theorem.
−2 1 −1
20. Verify Cayley -Hamilton theorem for the matrix A= ( 1 2 −1).
3 1 0
UNIT-V
21. State and prove Cauchy- Schwarz’s inequality.

22. If u and 𝑣 are two vectors in a complex inner product space V(F), then prove that
4 〈𝑢, 𝑣〉 = ‖𝑢 + 𝑣‖2 − ‖𝑢 − 𝑣‖2 + 𝑖 ‖𝑢 + 𝑖𝑣‖2 − ‖𝑢 − 𝑖𝑣‖2 .

23. Given {(1, −1, 2), (0, 2, 1), (1, 2, 0)} is a basis of 𝑅3 (R). Construct an orthonormal
basis using Gram-Schmidt orthogonalisation process.
24. In a real inner product space, if u and v are two vectors such that ‖𝑢‖ = ‖𝑣‖ , then
prove that 𝑢 − 𝑣 and 𝑢 + 𝑣 are orthogonal.