Metal Balustrade - Eu

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DOCUMENT NO. REVISION
STR-CALC-615 0
TITLE Pages
METAL BALUSTRADES 57
LETTENWEG 118, 4123 ALLSCHWIL, SWITZERLAND

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TITLE REVISION PAGES
METAL BALUSTRADES 2 of 57
Contents
1 Basic Data....................................................................................... 3
1.1 References....................................................................................... 3
1.2 Loads ............................................................................................... 3
2 Typical balustrade ......................................................................... 4

2.1 Typical Detail ................................................................................... 4
2.2 Members check................................................................................ 5
2.3 Type Flat Balustrade ........................................................................ 6
2.4 Type J Balustrade .......................................................................... 19
2.5 Type C Balustrade ......................................................................... 32
3 Brackets and anchors.................................................................. 45

3.1 Strut connection ............................................................................. 45
3.2 Base bracket .................................................................................. 47
4 Balustrades @ High Upstand ...................................................... 50

4.1 Members check.............................................................................. 50
4.2 Brackets and anchors .................................................................... 56

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1 Basic Data
1.1 References
1.1.1 Norms and Standards

[1] BS EN 1990:2002, Eurocode – Basis of structural design.
[2] BS EN 1993-1, Eurocode 3 – Design of steel structures – Parts 1, 4 & 8.
[3] BS EN 1999-1, Eurocode 9 – Design of aluminium structures – Parts 1 & 4
[4] CWCT:2005, Standard for systemised building envelopes, Parts 2 & 3.
[5] CWCT TU14, Technical update on Load combinations.
1.1.2 Document Reference

[6] Lindner. D262-LFL-SW-TYP-CL-F-1401: Loads and load combinations.
[7] Wintech. Performance Specification for the Installation of Curtain wall. Rev. M, 24 October 2014.
1.1.3 Software
[8] Nemetschek. SCIA Engineer v.14.0. Structural Analysis & Design Software for Construction and Engineering.
1.2 Loads
The following loads are in accordance with load report [6].
1.2.1 Dead Load (D)

Selfweight of the framing profiles are generated by the software Scia [8].
1.2.2 Imposed/live load (L)

The most onerous of the following when combined with other loads in accordance with load report [6].
i Vertical load to internal ledges and horizontal members/surfaces

Point load, QIv,k = 1.0 kN
Uniform pressure, wIv,k = 0.6 kN/m ²
ii Barrier horizontal loads

Line load, qIh,k = 0.74 kN/m - applied at a height of 1.1m above FFL
Point load, QIh,k = 0.5 kN - applied within a height of 1.1m above FFL
Infill load, wIh,k = 1.0 kN/m² - applied within a height of 1.1m above FFL
1.2.3 Wind load (W)

Net pressure, w =+/-2,04 kN/m²
1.2.4 Thermal load

Sumnmer, T1 = +65 °K
Winter, T2 = -25 °K

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2 Typical balustrade
2.1 Typical Detail
HANDRAIL: Ø50×3mm / EN AW-6060 T6
1300 (max) 1300 (max)
100 mm (max)
clear opening
3
(20
INFILL BARS: Ø15mm / EN AW-6082 T6
ALL WELDS ARE 3mm ALL AROUND

HORIZ. MEMBER: SHS50×3mm / EN AW-6060 T6 FLUSH SINGLE BEVEL
(UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED)
MULLIONS: 50×20mm / EN AW-6082 T6
HORIZ. MEMBER: SHS40×3mm / EN AW-6060 T6

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2.2 Members check
2.2.1 Handrail
Max. span, L = 1.3 m
MEd = 1.5·0.74·1.3²/8 = 0.23 kN·m
Ø50×3mm / EN AW-6060 T6
Wel = 4.8 cm³
I = 11.6 cm4
Mel,Rd = 4.8·140/1.1 = 1.32 kN·m 0.17 < 1.0

4
δ = 5·0.74·1300 /(384·210000·116000)
= 1.13 mm
2.2.2 Mullion
Cantilever, L = 0.65 m
Hk = max{0.74·1.3; 0.5} = 0.96 kN
MEd = 1.5·0.96·0.65 = 0.94 kN·m
Flat 50×20mm / EN AW-6082 T6

Mpl,Rd = 1.2·20·50²/6·250/1.1 = 2.27 kN·m 0.41 < 1.0
δ = 960·600³/(3·70000·12·50³/20)
= 2.63 mm
2.2.3 Check overall deflection

Overall, δ ≤ min{600/65; 15} = 9.23 mm
Overall, δ = 1.13 + 2.63 = 3.76 mm 0.41 < 1.0
2.2.4 Infill bars

Max. span, L = 460 - 25 = 435 mm
MEd = 1.5·0.5·435/4 = 75.94 kN·mm
Ø15mm / EN AW-6082 T6
Wel = 0.33 cm³
I = 0.25 cm4
Mpl,Rd = 1.2·0.33·250/1.1 = 90.0 kN·mm 0.84 < 1.0
δ ≤ 435/65 = 6.69 mm
δ = 500·435³/(48·70000·2500) = 4.90 mm 0.73 < 1.0

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2.3 Type Flat Balustrade

Refer to structural analysis results in section 2.3.3.
2.3.1 Deflection check

δmax = 4.4 mm
δallow = min{1100/65; 15} = 15.0 mm 0.29 < 1.0
2.3.2 Stress check to BS EN 1999-1-1
i Vertical members
Max. Von mises stress, σmax = 58.2 N/mm2
EN AW-6082 T6
σHAZ,Rd = 0.5·250/1.1 = 125.0 N/mm2 0.46 < 1.0
ii Horizontal members
Max. HAZ stress, σHAZ = 28.2 N/mm2
EN AW-6060 T6
σel,Rd = 140/1.1 = 127.27 N/mm2 0.30 < 1.0
σHAZ,Rd = 0.43·140/1.1 = 54.73 N/mm2 0.52 < 1.0

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2.3.3 Structural analysis – Type flat balustrade

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2.4 Type J Balustrade


δmax = 3.9 mm
δallow = min{1100/65; 15} = 15.0 mm 0.26 < 1.0
i Vertical members
EN AW-6082 T6
σHAZ,Rd = 0.5·250/1.1 = 125.0 N/mm2 0.47 < 1.0
EN AW-6060 T6
σel,Rd = 140/1.1 = 127.27 N/mm2 0.51 < 1.0
σHAZ,Rd = 0.43·140/1.1 = 54.73 N/mm2 0.34 < 1.0

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2.4.3 Structural analysis – Type J balustrade

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2.5 Type C Balustrade


δmax = 5.2 mm
δallow = min{1100/65; 15} = 15.0 mm 0.35 < 1.0
i Vertical members
EN AW-6082 T6
σHAZ,Rd = 0.5·250/1.1 = 125.0 N/mm2 0.58 < 1.0
EN AW-6060 T6
σel,Rd = 140/1.1 = 127.27 N/mm2 0.40 < 1.0
σHAZ,Rd = 0.43·140/1.1 = 54.73 N/mm2 0.53 < 1.0

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2.5.3 Structural analysis – Type C balustrade

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3 Brackets and anchors

3.1 Strut connection
Detail
4 × ST 4.8 / A2 (2 × EACH SIDE)
1 × FLAT 80×70×5mm / EN AW-6060 T6
4
(20
4
(20
2 × ST 5.5 / A2 1 × M10 / A2-70
80mm – Flat 50×10mm / EN AW-6060 T6
3.1.1 Design Forces

Refer to results of balustrade structural analysis in sections 2.3.3, 2.4.3 and 2.5.3,
Max. Rx,Ed = 0.59 kN
Max. Rz,Ed = 0.58 kN
Max. +Ry,Ed = 3.87 kN
Max. -Ry,Ed = -1.85 kN
3.1.2 Fixing to spandrel element
i Self drilling screw check to BS EN 1999-1-4

Fv,Ed = √(0.59²+0.58²) = 0.83 kN
Ft,Ed = 1.85/2 = 0.92 kN
2 × ST 5.5 / A2
Fv,Rd = 12.50·380/1.25 = 3.80 kN 0.22 < 1.0
Ft,Rd = 12.50·560/1.25 = 5.60 kN 0.16 < 1.0
0.22 + 0.16/1.4 = 0.33 < 1.0
Fb,Rd = 1.5·5.5·4.0·170/1.25 = 4.49 kN 0.18 < 1.0

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Fo,Rd = 0.65·5.5·4.0·170/1.25 = 1.94 kN 0.47 < 1.0
0.18 + 0.47 = 0.65 < 1.0
ii End plate check to BS EN 1999-1-1

VEd = 0.92
MEd = 0.92·20 = 18.4 kN·mm
80mm – Flat 50×10mm / EN AW-6060 T6

Mel,Rd = 50·10²/6·140/1.1 = 106.06 kN·mm
iii Weld check to BS EN 1999-1-1

σw,Ed = (3870+590)/(2·2·4·50) = 5.58 N/mm2
τw⊥,Ed = (3870+590)/(2·2·4·50) = 5.58 N/mm2
τw//,Ed = 580/(2·0.707·4·50) = 2.05 N/mm2
fw,Ed = √[5.58²+3(5.582+2.052)] = 11.71 N/mm2
4mm fillet Back-to-back

fw,Rd = 0.59·170/1.35 = 74.30 N/mm2 0.16 < 1.00
3.1.3 Fixing to balustrade

Fv,Ed = √(3.87²+0.58²) = 3.91 kN
1 × M10 / A2-70
Fv,Rd = 0.5·57.99·700/1.25 = 16.24 kN 0.24 < 1.0
Fb,Rd = 1.5·10·10·170/1.25 = 20.40 kN 0.19 < 1.0

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3.2 Base bracket 4

(20
Balustrade mullion @ 1300mm (max)
Flat 100×50×10mm / EN AW-6060 T6
2 × ST5.5 / A2
150mm – L120×120×8mm / EN AW-6060 T6
1 × MKT BZ+ 70 M12-20/115
ALIGNMENT WASHER
(WHEN NECESSARY)
3.2.1 Design forces

Max. Rx,Ed = 0.99 kN
Max. Ry,Ed = 1.58 kN
Max. Rz,Ed = 1.86 kN
3.2.2 Fixing to balustrade
i Self-drilling screws check to BS EN 1999-1-4

Fv,Ed = [√(0.99²+1.86²)]/2 = 1.05 kN
Ft,Ed = 1.58/2 + 0.99·80/60 = 2.11 kN
2 × ST5.5 / A2
Fv,Rd = 12.50·380/1.25 = 3.80 kN 0.28 < 1.0
Fb,Rd = 1.5·5.5·8·170/1.25 = 8.98 kN 0.12 < 1.0
Ft,Rd = 12.50·560/1.25 = 5.60 kN 0.38 < 1.0
Fo,Rd = 0.65·5.5·8·170/1.25 = 3.89 kN 0.54 < 1.0

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0.38 + 0.54 = 0.92 < 1.0
3.2.3 Fixing to slab
i Angle base plate

MEd = 1.58·120 = 189.6 kN·mm
150mm – L120×120×8mm / EN AW-6060 T6 or EN AW-5754 H24/34

Mel,Rd = 150·8²/6·140/1.1 = 203.64 kN·mm 0.93 < 1.0
ii Anchors
Vy,Sd = 1.58 kN
Vx,Sd = 0.99 kN
Mx,Sd = 1.58·0.12 = 0.19 kN·m
Mx,Sd = 0.99·12 = 0.12 kN·m
Provide: 1 × MKT BZ+ M12-20/115

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4 Balustrades @ High Upstand

4.1 Members check
Refer to structural analysis in section 4.1.3.

δmax = 14.8 mm
δallow = min{1100/65; 15} = 15.0 mm 0.91 < 1.0

Maximum calculated Von Mises (or equivalent) stress in the analysis results.
i Members
σmax = √(σ²normal + 3τ²shear) = 121.3 N/mm2
15mm / EN AW-6060 T6
σpl,Rd = min{1.2·140/1.1; 170/1.25} = 136.0 N/mm2 0.89 < 1.0
ii Welded plates
Max. σ = √(σ²normal + 3τ²shear) = 119.9 N/mm2
Max. σHAZ = √(σ²normal + 3τ²shear) = 108.4 N/mm2
15mm / EN AW-6082 T6
σel,Rd = 260 N/mm2 0.52 < 1.0
σHAZ,Rd = 0.48·260/1.1 = 113.45 N/mm2 0.96 < 1.0

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4.1.3 Balustrade Type C – Structural analysis

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4.2 Brackets and anchors
4.2.1 Details
Upstand in (-25mm ~ +4mm) Upstand out (+5mm ~ +25mm)
8
(20
8
(20
ANCHOR:
@ ENDS: 2 × HSL-3 M10/(65mm max)
@ INTERMEDIATE: 4 × HSL-3 M10/(65mm max)
METAL SHIM: 80mm×100mm
METAL SHIM: 80mm×80mm
PLATE: SHELF ANGLE:
@ ENDS: 125×330×15mm / 6082 T6 @ ENDS: 1 × 80mm – L100×50×8mm / 6060 T6
@ INTERMEDIATE: 200×330×15mm / 6082 T6 @ INT.: 2 × 80mm – L100×50×8mm / 6060 T6
4.2.2 Anchor Design Forces
From the results of structural analysis in section 4.1.3.
i Upstand in (-25mm ~ +4mm) considering 29mm stand-off distance

VSd = 1.5+0.62 = 2.12 kN
NSd = 2.48 kN
ii Upstand out (+5mm ~ +25mm) considering 15mm stand-off distance

VSd = 1.5+0.62 = 2.12 kN
NSd = 2.48 + 2.12·50/(⅔48) = 5.79 kN

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PROJECT ENGINEER

SAMPLE PROJECT IN LONDON

LETTENWEG 118, 4123 ALLSCHWIL, SWITZERLAND

SAMPLE PROJECT IN LONDON

2 Typical balustrade ......................................................................... 4

3 Brackets and anchors.................................................................. 45

4 Balustrades @ High Upstand ...................................................... 50

LETTENWEG 118, 4123 ALLSCHWIL, SWITZERLAND

SAMPLE PROJECT IN LONDON

1.1.1 Norms and Standards

1.1.2 Document Reference

1.2.1 Dead Load (D)

1.2.2 Imposed/live load (L)

i Vertical load to internal ledges and horizontal members/surfaces

Uniform pressure, wIv,k = 0.6 kN/m ²

ii Barrier horizontal loads

1.2.3 Wind load (W)

1.2.4 Thermal load

LETTENWEG 118, 4123 ALLSCHWIL, SWITZERLAND

SAMPLE PROJECT IN LONDON

HANDRAIL: Ø50×3mm / EN AW-6060 T6

1300 (max) 1300 (max)

INFILL BARS: Ø15mm / EN AW-6082 T6

ALL WELDS ARE 3mm ALL AROUND

HORIZ. MEMBER: SHS40×3mm / EN AW-6060 T6

LETTENWEG 118, 4123 ALLSCHWIL, SWITZERLAND

SAMPLE PROJECT IN LONDON

2.2 Members check

MEd = 1.5·0.74·1.3²/8 = 0.23 kN·m

Mel,Rd = 4.8·140/1.1 = 1.32 kN·m 0.17 < 1.0

Hk = max{0.74·1.3; 0.5} = 0.96 kN

MEd = 1.5·0.96·0.65 = 0.94 kN·m

Flat 50×20mm / EN AW-6082 T6

2.2.3 Check overall deflection

Overall, δ = 1.13 + 2.63 = 3.76 mm 0.41 < 1.0

2.2.4 Infill bars

MEd = 1.5·0.5·435/4 = 75.94 kN·mm

Mpl,Rd = 1.2·0.33·250/1.1 = 90.0 kN·mm 0.84 < 1.0

δ = 500·435³/(48·70000·2500) = 4.90 mm 0.73 < 1.0

LETTENWEG 118, 4123 ALLSCHWIL, SWITZERLAND

SAMPLE PROJECT IN LONDON

2.3 Type Flat Balustrade

2.3.1 Deflection check

δallow = min{1100/65; 15} = 15.0 mm 0.29 < 1.0

2.3.2 Stress check to BS EN 1999-1-1

Max. HAZ stress, σHAZ = 28.2 N/mm2

σHAZ,Rd = 0.43·140/1.1 = 54.73 N/mm2 0.52 < 1.0

LETTENWEG 118, 4123 ALLSCHWIL, SWITZERLAND

SAMPLE PROJECT IN LONDON

2.3.3 Structural analysis – Type flat balustrade

LETTENWEG 118, 4123 ALLSCHWIL, SWITZERLAND

SAMPLE PROJECT IN LONDON

LETTENWEG 118, 4123 ALLSCHWIL, SWITZERLAND

SAMPLE PROJECT IN LONDON

LETTENWEG 118, 4123 ALLSCHWIL, SWITZERLAND

SAMPLE PROJECT IN LONDON

LETTENWEG 118, 4123 ALLSCHWIL, SWITZERLAND

SAMPLE PROJECT IN LONDON

LETTENWEG 118, 4123 ALLSCHWIL, SWITZERLAND