Academic Administrator Leadership Styles and The Impact On Faculty Job Satisfaction

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Summary 3 paragraphs for 3 journals 

1-2 pages – critical review, criticize, compare and contrast
Academic Administrator Leadership Styles and the Impact on Faculty Job

Satisfaction.
This article aims at seeing the impact of leadership styles of academic administrator towards
faculty job satisfaction. In other words, its goal is to see how leadership styles affect job
satisfaction; whether they increase or decrease, due to the leadership styles preference. The
finding shows that there are three leadership styles being taken into account which are:
Transformational, Transactional and Passive/Avoidant. Two instruments used in this study;
which are The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, which is to identify the leadership style,
and Spector’s Job Satisfaction Survey to measure the second variable. The study explains
that Transformational leadership style is where the leader emphasis more on the relationship
between him/her and the followers, instead of focusing on him/her being a leader. This leads
to active participations and very high performance among followers due to the strong
relationship with their leader. On the other hand, Transactional leadership style is briefly
explained as a style which stresses on the follower’s needs as a requirement to be fulfilled
as an exchange for work. These two leadership styles have been recognized as the most
effective leadership styles. Apart from that, there are two leadership styles being described
to be contrastive to the first two styles. Passive/Avoidant leadership styles are described in
this study as the styles where the leaders would wait for a problem to occur to initiate any
actions. These styles are seen as the least effective leadership styles. This study then
managed to conclude that where there are transformational and transactional leadership
styles being practiced by the academic administrator, the job satisfaction among faculty
members are high. While when the academic administrator’s preferred leadership styles are
passive/avoidant, the job satisfaction among faculty members are found to be low.
The Impact of Leadership Styles of School Administrator on Affecting Teachers

Effectiveness.
The objective of this journal written was to investigate the school administrator`s
leadership style that influence the effectiveness of the teachers. In order to support this
study, the authors used the theory of Path-Goal theory. Since this study was conducted in
Thailand, the main focus of this study is to solve the problem of social crisis that is
happening there. They believe that there are two significant strategies that allow them to
tackle the problem which are by human development and also strong understanding of
economic. Directly, education has been seen as one of the important mechanism in order for
the strategies to be able to take place and give impact. Unfortunately education system can
not be as effective as predicted without an effective teachers. Thus, a good leadership styles
in needed to ensure that teachers are working effectively. This journal has clearly stated 4
findings based on the study conducted which are perception level of agreement on four
types of leadership style, Teacher Effectiveness, Correlation between each type of
leadership style and teacher effectiveness and significant predictor for teacher effectiveness.
The final result shown that supportive leadership placed at the top of agreement level. This
type of leadership seem to be fully utilized in encouraging the teachers to have good work-
life balance. Leader and school administrator are encourage to create positive climate at
school. On the other hand, participative leadership is most effectively enforced when
administrators are facing vague and unclear work situation. Teacher should be entrusted and
assigned in decision making and being able to voice their opinion. The final conclusion can
be said that the behaviours of supportive and participatory leaders do have a positive
correlation with the effect of teachers motivation of effectiveness in the workplace.
Transformational Leadership for Education in a Digital Culture.
This journal is written to bring leadership theory into the discussion on digital culture
and education by reviewing relevant literature in the relevant field; and to show whether
common themes in the extant literature which suggest that traditional role of educational
leader in a stable system is rapidly becoming, or already, outdated. Based on the literatures
reviewed by author, several authors have suggested a re-examination of educational
leadership for the objective of dealing with 21 st century educational needs. These scholars,
addressing the needs of the digital culture particularly means successful integration of
technology into pedagogy. Due to support the theory, the empirical studies suggesting the
importance of technology leadership in education, and the efficacy of transformational
leadership styles. Whilst the empirical proof strongly shows that a transformational
leadership style can facilitate technology integration in an educational setting, the extent to
which current educational leaders around the world adopt a transformational framework is
uncertain. Based on the literature reviewed by author, a lack of planning and held unrealistic
expectations of teachers with regard to technology use; and if their skills seemed adequate
overall, they showed little proof of vision, which can be considered as important aspect for
successful technology leadership. There are authors found that principals were strong in
terms of vision but lacking in terms of support. Others pointed out that, there is not enough
preparation for educational leaders. They found that most received little or no formal training
in educational technology. The common theme suggested by the literature is that the
traditional model of educational leadership is unworkable in the digital culture because
technological adaptation cannot be planned for adequately in advance and while there has
been a traditional reliance on individual or small groups of managers as expert the pace of
technological innovation has the effect of diminishing the discrepancy between expert and
novice. Democratization of educational systems is logical replacement to centralized
authoritative organizational structures. The proof repeatedly point out that successful
technological adaptation requires universal participation among stakeholders. In order to
function effectively, a group of individuals working toward a common goal must have
guidance and coordination. However, instead of an authoritative transactional leadership
framework that is appropriate for a centralized, hierarchical organization, a democratized
educational system would benefit from transformational leadership. Transformational
leadership style is more engendering of creativity than the traditional style. The
transformational leader is tasked with the duty of clarifying organizational goals and make
sure all members understand. It helps prevent conflict in organization where members work
for the most part independently. Despite what type of leadership style that organizational
theorists purport to be desirable, in reality transformational leadership is most likely not
adopted universally. As a conclusion, this journal helps practitioners to better understand the
organizational structure they work and helps the authority to better understand which type of
leadership may work for their institutions.

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Article Review 20% - review critically 5 pages

Summary 3 paragraphs for 3 journals 

Academic Administrator Leadership Styles and the Impact on Faculty Job

The Impact of Leadership Styles of School Administrator on Affecting Teachers

Transformational Leadership for Education in a Digital Culture.

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