Rail 1

Station and Yards
Definition of Station
 A railway station or a railroad station and often
shortened to just station, is a railway facility
where trains regularly stop to load or
unload passengers and/or freight
Station and Yards
Purpose of Railway station
 For exchange of passengers and goods.
 For control of train movements
 To enable the trains on a single line track to cross from
opposite directions.
 To enable the following express trains to overtake
 For taking diesel or coal and water for locomotives
 For detaching engines and running staff
 For detaching or attaching of compartments and wagons
 For sorting of bogies to form new trains, housing of
locomotive in loco sheds.
 In emergencies in ease of dislocation of track due to rains,
accidents etc...
 For repairing engines and changing their direction
 Railway station are having suitable approach roads from
surrounding areas.
Types of Stations
 Wayside Stations, Junction Stations, Terminal

Stations
Wayside Stations
 In this type arrangements are made for crossing or

for overtaking trains. Wayside stations are of the
following types.
 i.Halt stations, ii.Flag Stations, iii.Crossing stations
Halt Stations
 A halt, is a small station, usually unstaffed and with

few or no facilities. In some cases, trains stop only
on request, when passengers on the platform
indicate that they wish to board, or passengers on
the train inform the crew that they wish to alight.
Halt Stations
Flag Stations
 Flag stations describes a stopping point at which

trains stop only on an as-need or request basis; that
is, only if there are passengers to be picked up or
dropped off.
 These stations have no overtaking or crossing
facilities and arrangements to control the movement
of trains. These stations have buildings, staff and
telegraph facilities.
 Some of the flag stations have sidings also in the
form of loops.
Flag Stations
Crossing Stations
 Provided with facilities for crossing

 In this type at least one loop line is provided to allow
another train if one track is already occupied by a
waiting train
 Generally the train to be stopped is taken on the loop
line and the through train is allowed to pass on the
main line
Crossing Stations
Junction stations:
 At a junction stations, lines from three or more directions

meet
 The stations where a branch line meets the main line are
known as junctions.
Arrangements in junction stations
 Facilities for interchange of traffic between main and
branch line
 Facilities to clean and repair the compartments of the
trains
 Facilities for good sidings, engine sheds, turn table etc.
Junction stations:
Terminal Stations:
 It is a station where a railway line or one of its

branches terminates
 Facilities required in terminal stations
 Watering, coaling, cleaning, servicing the engine
 Turn table for the change of direction of the engine
 Facilities for dealing goods traffic. Such as
marshalling yard, engine sheds, sidings etc.
 In circulating area, ticket office, restaurant etc are
provided and it is directly connected to the road
Terminal Stations:
Classification of Stations
 Stations can be classified on the basis of their

operation as
 1.Block stations-Class A, Class B and Class C
 2.Non Block Stations-Class D stations or Flag
stations
 3.Special class stations.
Block Stations:
 The stations at the end the block sections are called Block
stations
 Authority to proceed is given in the shape of token at
these stations.
Class A Station:
 On these stations the track is cleared up to 400m beyond
the home signal for giving permission to approach a train
Class B Station:
 In such stations, the other signal is provided at about
580m from the home signal
Class C Station:
 On these stations passengers are not booked. It is simply
a block meant for splitting a long block section and to
reduce the interval between the successive trains.
Non Block Stations:
 Also known as Class D station or Flag station

 Situated between two consecutive block stations
 May not be telegraphically connected to the
adjacent stations
 No equipment or staff is provided for controlling
the movements of the trains.
 Trains are stopped by flag signals only
Special class stations:
 Stations not coming under block station and non

block stations are called special class station
Platforms - Passenger and Goods platforms:
 A railway platform is a section of pathway, alongside rail

tracks at a railway station, metro station or tram stop, at
which passengers may board or alight from trains or trams.
 Almost all rail stations have some form of platform, with
larger stations having multiple platforms.
 Platform types include the bay platform, side
platform (also called through platform), split
platform and the island platform.
 A bay platform is one at which the track terminates, i.e. a
dead-end or siding.
 A side platform is the more usual type, alongside tracks
where the train arrives from one end and leaves towards the
other.
 An island platform has through platforms on both sides; it
may be indented on one or both ends, with bay platforms.
Passenger Platform
Goods Platform
Definition of Yard:
 An area consisting of a network of railway tracks,

sidings, and sheds for storing, maintaining, and
joining engines and carriages.
 A yard is defined as a system of tracks laid within
definite limits for various purposes such as receiving
sorting and dispatch of vehicles.
Railway Yard
Types of Yards:
 Passenger yards, Goods yards, Marshalling yards,

Locomotive yards
Passenger yards:
 Function of passenger yard is to provide all the facilities

for the safe movement of passengers.
Facilities in passenger yards
 Booking office, enquiry office, luggage booking room,
cloak room and waiting room for passengers
 Parking space for vehicles
 Signals for reception and dispatch of trains
 Platforms and sidings for shunting facilities
 Facilities for changing batteries
 Facilities for passing a through train
 Washing lines, sick lines facilities
Passenger yards
Goods yards:
 A goods station (also known as a goods

yard, goods depot or freight station) is, in
the widest sense, a railway station which is
exclusively or predominantly where goods
(or freight) of any description are loaded or
unloaded from ships or road vehicles and/or
where goods wagons are transferred to local
sidings.
 These are provided for receiving, loading and
unloading of goods
Goods yards
Requirements of a goods yard
 Approach road for movement of goods

 Sufficient number of platforms for loading and
unloading
 Sufficient number of godowns
 Booking office
 Cart weighing machine
 Cranes for loading and unloading
 Vacuum testing machine
Marshalling yards:
 Marshalling yard is a railroad yard found at

some freight train stations, used to separate railroad
cars on to one of several tracks
 It is the place where goods wagons received from
different centres are sorted out and placed in order
to detached at different stations
 The marshalling yards are distribution centres
 Empty wagons are also kept in marshalling yards
Marshalling yards:
Factors for the efficient functioning of
marshalling yards
 Shunting operations should not disturb the regular

trains
 Should be kept parallel to the running trains
 Movement of wagons in one direction only
 Repair facilities should be provided on one or more
sidings
 Connected to all important railway stations
 Goods yard should be nearer to the marshalling yard
Types of marshalling yards:
 (i)Flat yard (ii)Gravity yard (iii)Hump yard

Flat yard:
 Flat yards are constructed on flat ground, or on a

gentle slope. Freight vehicles are pushed by a
locomotive and coast to their required location.
 A flat yard has no hump, and relies on locomotives
for all car movements
Gravity yard:
 The whole yard is set up on a continuous falling

gradient and there is less use of shunting engines.
 Typical locations of gravity yards are places where it
was difficult to build a hump yard due to
the topography
 Gravity yards also have a very large capacity but they
need more staff than hump yards and thus they are
the most uneconomical classification yards.
Hump-yard:
 These are the largest and most effective classification

yards, with the largest shunting capacity—often several
thousand cars a day.
 The heart of these yards is the hump: a lead track on a
hill (hump) that an engine pushes the cars over.
 Single cars, or some coupled cars in a block, are
uncoupled just before or at the crest of the hump, and
roll by gravity onto their destination tracks
 A hump yard has a constructed hill, over which freight
cars are shoved by yard locomotives, and then gravity is
used to propel the cars to various sorting tracks
Hump-yard:
Locomotive yards:
 This is the yard which houses the locomotives for

various facilities such as watering, fueling, cleaning,
repairing, servicing etc.
Locomotive yards:
Locomotive yards:
Requirements of a locomotive yard
 Should be located near the passenger and goods

yards
 Water column
 Engine shed, Ash pit, inspection pit, repair shed,
turn table
 Hydraulic jack for lifting operations
 Over head tank and loco well
 Sick siding
 Place for future expansion

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Station and Yards

 Wayside Stations, Junction Stations, Terminal

 In this type arrangements are made for crossing or

 A halt, is a small station, usually unstaffed and with

 Flag stations describes a stopping point at which

 Provided with facilities for crossing

 At a junction stations, lines from three or more directions

 It is a station where a railway line or one of its

 Stations can be classified on the basis of their

 Also known as Class D station or Flag station

 Stations not coming under block station and non

 A railway platform is a section of pathway, alongside rail

 An area consisting of a network of railway tracks,

 Passenger yards, Goods yards, Marshalling yards,

 Function of passenger yard is to provide all the facilities

 A goods station (also known as a goods

 Approach road for movement of goods

 Marshalling yard is a railroad yard found at

 Shunting operations should not disturb the regular

 (i)Flat yard (ii)Gravity yard (iii)Hump yard

 Flat yards are constructed on flat ground, or on a

 The whole yard is set up on a continuous falling

 These are the largest and most effective classification

 This is the yard which houses the locomotives for

 Should be located near the passenger and goods

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