Activity No. 6 Justine B. Matias Photosynthesis As A Thermodynamic

ACTIVITY NO. 6 JUSTINE B.
MATIAS
Photosynthesis as a Thermodynamic
Thermodynamics of photosynthesis has been a subject of interest to the scientific community; it
is, therefore, addressed in this paper. This work reveals that traditional thermodynamic
relationships may be used to calculate and project photosynthesis. Solar energy is required for
the chemical reaction of green matter production. When the size of the green matter expands,
less solar energy is received by the surroundings and more chemical energy is stored in plants
and vegetation. If everything else is the same, the increase in the chemical energy produced is
equal to the decrease in the heat of the biosphere and vice versa. Photosynthesis expansion is
thus equivalent to heat transfer from the biosphere to the green matter. Plants surrounding air
may be assumed as a heat reservoir at air dry bulb temperature, Tdb. The colder air enclosed by
the space of the green matter may be assumed as a cold reservoir at air wet bulb temperature,
Twb, and photosynthesis may be represented by a Carnot engine cycle. The thermal efficiency of
the cycle is equal to 1-(Twb/Tdb)0.5. If everything else is the same, the difference, Tdb-Twb, is a
limiting factor of terrestrial photosynthesis. Based on this understanding, equations to predict
growth of the green matter and tree diameter are derived and validated based on observations.
Other findings include photosynthesis global average thermal efficiency is between 0.61% and
0.72%, and seasonal greening is nearly 0.80%. Neglecting deforestation, surface greening trend
with climate change is between 0.23% and 0.28% annually.
Venn Diagram
Trivia: What is Symbiotic
sym·bi·ot·ic
/ˌsimbīˈädik/
adjective
BIOLOGY
involving interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association.
"the fungi form symbiotic associations with the roots of plant species"
o denoting a mutually beneficial relationship between different people or groups.
"the reader can have a symbiotic relationship with the writer"
Examples of Symbiosis: Types of Relationships in Nature

 mutualism - a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship.
 commensalism - a one-sided symbiotic relationship.
 parasitism - one species lives on, in or with a host species.
 competition - relationship in which organisms compete for resources.
 predation and herbivory - symbiosis where one organism feeds on another.
3 Law of Thermodynamic
The First Law of Thermodynamics
The first law of thermodynamics, also known as Law of Conservation of Energy, states that
energy can neither be created nor destroyed; energy can only be transferred or changed from
one form to another. For example, turning on a light would seem to produce energy; however, it
is electrical energy that is converted.
A way of expressing the first law of thermodynamics is that any change in the internal energy
(∆E) of a system is given by the sum of the heat (q) that flows across its boundaries and the
work (w) done on the system by the surroundings:
[latex]\Delta E = q + w[/latex]
This law says that there are two kinds of processes, heat and work, that can lead to a change in
the internal energy of a system. Since both heat and work can be measured and quantified, this
is the same as saying that any change in the energy of a system must result in a corresponding
change in the energy of the surroundings outside the system. In other words, energy cannot be
created or destroyed. If heat flows into a system or the surroundings do work on it, the internal
energy increases and the sign of q and w are positive. Conversely, heat flow out of the system
or work done by the system (on the surroundings) will be at the expense of the internal energy,
and q and w will therefore be negative.
The Second Law of Thermodynamics

The second law of thermodynamics says that the entropy of any isolated system always
increases. Isolated systems spontaneously evolve towards thermal equilibrium—the state of
maximum entropy of the system. More simply put: the entropy of the universe (the ultimate
isolated system) only increases and never decreases.
A simple way to think of the second law of thermodynamics is that a room, if not cleaned and
tidied, will invariably become more messy and disorderly with time – regardless of how careful
one is to keep it clean. When the room is cleaned, its entropy decreases, but the effort to clean
it has resulted in an increase in entropy outside the room that exceeds the entropy lost.
The Third Law of Thermodynamics
The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a system approaches a constant
value as the temperature approaches absolute zero. The entropy of a system at absolute zero is
typically zero, and in all cases is determined only by the number of different ground states it
has. Specifically, the entropy of a pure crystalline substance (perfect order) at absolute zero
temperature is zero. This statement holds true if the perfect crystal has only one state with
minimum energy.

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ACTIVITY NO. 6 JUSTINE B.

Examples of Symbiosis: Types of Relationships in Nature

The First Law of Thermodynamics

The Second Law of Thermodynamics

The Third Law of Thermodynamics

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