Ansi Z97.1 PDF

American
ANSI Z97.1-2015 National

Standard
For safety glazing materials used in buildings –
safety performance specifications and methods of test
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Safety Glazing Materials Used in Buildings – Safety Performance Specifications and Methods of Test ANSI Z97.1 - 2015
ANSI Z97.1 – 2015

Revision of ANSI Z97.1-2009e2
American National Standard

for Safety Glazing Materials Used in Buildings -
Safety Performance Specifications and Methods of Test
Secretariat
Glazing Industry Secretariat Committee
Approved by Accredited Standards Committee (ASC) Z97

March 2015
American National Standards Institute, Inc.
© Copyright 2015 Accredited Standards Committee (ASC) Z97 (all rights reserved), ANSI Z97.1-2015
Pursuant to License Agreement, no further reproductions authorized.

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FORWARD
(This forward is not part of ANSI Z97.1-2015)
This Standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American
National Standards. The consensus committee that approved the Standard was balanced to ensure
that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. It
was developed within the approved scope as stated in section 1.1 of the standard.
This Standard is available for public review on a continuing basis. This provides an opportunity for
additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large. The use
of an addenda system will allow revisions made in response to public review or committee actions to
be published as required.
This Standard, which is the result of extended and careful consideration of available knowledge and
experience on the subject, is intended to provide minimum requirements that are recommended for
use, adoption, enforcement by federal, state and local authorities and by model codes. This standard
is to be referenced but not incorporated in any statute or any other standard without the prior written
permission of the publisher.
This Standard does not recommend where safety glazing should be used or, when it is used, what type
of glazing material should be used. For this information one should consult other codes, standards and
manufacturer's information.
Neither the standards committee nor the secretariat feel that this standard is perfect or in its ultimate
form. It is recognized that, although safety-glazing materials are widely used and accepted, new
developments are to be expected and revisions of the standards are necessary as the art progresses
and further experience is gained.
This standard is a successor standard to the 2009e2 edition. The 2009e2 standard succeeded those of
the 2009e, 2009, 2004, 1984 (reaffirmed in 1994), 1975, 1972 and 1966 editions.
The 2015 edition of ANSI Z97.1 has removed reference to Class C, 12 inch drop height and fire-rated
wired glass. No test methods, references or exceptions appear in this document for Class C, 12 inch
drop height and fire-rated wired glass. Compliance of all safety glazing products must be rated to
either Class A or Class B in accordance with the procedures of this edition.
In order for material to be considered for reference or to continue to be referenced in the ANSI Z97.1
standard, it shall meet the following criteria:
1. The referenced material, including title and date, and the manner in which it is to be utilized
shall be specifically identified in the text of ANSI Z97.1.
2. The standard or portions of a standard intended to be enforced shall be written in mandatory
language.
3. The scope or application of the reference material shall be clearly described.
4. The referenced material shall not have the effect of requiring proprietary materials.
5. The standard shall not prescribe a proprietary agency for quality control or testing.
For communication with the Committee please refer to the following page.
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CORRESPONDENCE WITH ASC Z97 COMMITTEE
General ANSI Codes and Standards are developed and maintained with the intent to represent the
consensus of concerned interests. As such, users of this Standard may interact with the Committee by
requesting interpretations, proposing revisions, and attending Committee meetings. Correspondence
should be addressed to:
Secretary, ASC Z97

C/o Julia Schimmelpenningh
Eastman Chemical Company
730 Worcester St.
Springfield, MA 01151
[email protected]
Proposing Revisions: Revisions are made periodically to the Standard to incorporate changes that
appear necessary or desirable, as demonstrated by the experience gained from the application of the
Standard. Approved revisions will be published periodically.
The Committee welcomes proposals for revisions to this Standard. Proposals should be as specific as
possible: citing the paragraph number(s), the proposed wording and a detailed description of the
reasons for the proposal. Pertinent documentation should be included.
Interpretations: On written request, the ASC Z97 Committee will render an interpretation of any
requirement of the Standard. The request for interpretation should be clear and unambiguous. The
following format is recommended:
Subject: Cite the applicable paragraph number(s) and provide a concise description.
Edition: Cite the edition of the Standard for which the interpretation is being requested.
Question: Phrase the question as a request for an interpretation of a specific requirement suitable
for general understanding and use, not a request for an approval of a proprietary
design or situation.
Requests that are not in the above format may be rewritten by the Committee or its Secretary prior to
being answered, which may inadvertently change the intent of the original request. The Committee
reserves the right to deem certain requests for interpretations as not within its scope or expertise and
refuse to address them.
The committee reserves the right to reconsider any interpretation when or if additional information,
which might affect that original interpretation, becomes available to the Committee. Persons
aggrieved by an interpretation may appeal to the Committee for reinterpretation. The ASC Z97 does
not "approve," "certify," "rate," or "endorse," any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity
beyond what is addressed in the Standard.
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Attending Committee Meetings: The ASC Z97 holds meetings that are open to the public. Persons
wishing to attend any meeting should contact the Secretary of the Committee or www.ANSIZ97.com
for meeting information.

DISCLAIMER AND CONDITION OF USE
The Accredited Standards Committee (“ASC”) Z97 and its Secretariat, currently the Glazing Industry
Secretariat Committee, have developed this recommended safety performance specification and
test method for glazing materials through a consensus standards development process the American
National Standards Institute has approved. This process brings together volunteers representing varied
view points and interests to achieve consensus on safety related issues. While the ASC Z97 and its
Secretariat administer the process in accordance with ANSI established rules designed to promote
fairness in the development of consensus, neither the ASC Z97 nor its Secretariat independently tests,
evaluates, or verifies the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained
within the document, ANSI Standard Z97.1.
The ASC Z97, together with its members, affiliates, and its Secretariat, expressly disclaim and shall not be
liable for any personal injury, property or other damage of any nature, whether special, indirect,
consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance
upon this document, whether based upon breach of contract, breach of warranty, tort (including
negligence), strict liability, or otherwise, even if advised of the possibility of such damages. The
foregoing negation of damages is a fundamental element of the use of the information and data
contained herein, and this information and data would not be developed, compiled, and forwarded
by ASC Z97 to ANSI without such limitation.
The ASC Z97, together with its members, affiliates, and its Secretariat, also make no guarantees or
warranties, express or implied, including without limitation, any and all warranties concerning the
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accuracy or completeness of the information in the document, its fitness or appropriateness for a
particular purpose or use, its merchantability, and its non-infringement of any third party’s intellectual
property rights. Together, they make no representations or warranties regarding the information’s
compliance with any other applicable statute, rule, law, or regulation.
Building codes vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and those using this document must consult the
most current version of the applicable building code in effect in the jurisdiction where the glazing
material is to be installed for restrictions or limitations upon the use of glazing materials tested to this
document, ANSI Standard Z97.1. The ASC Z97, together with its members, affiliates, and its Secretariat,
disclaim any duty or obligation, except as may be required by established ANSI rules, to update or
revise the document based upon provisions of or changes to the building codes.
Neither the standards committee nor the secretariat act as certification authorities for safety glazing
materials as tested in compliance to ANSI Z97.1. This standard provides the method of test and
specification of performance characteristics to deem a product compliant. Products can be self-
certified by the manufacturer or certified as compliant by an independent party as allowed by the
authority having jurisdiction.
In developing this safety performance specification and test method and submitting it to ANSI for
approval and publication, neither the ASC Z97, its members, nor its Secretariat is undertaking to render
professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity. Nor are they undertaking to
perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Those using this document should
rely upon their own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of competent
professionals in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. Neither the
ASC Z97, its members, nor its Secretariat has any power, nor do they undertake, to police or enforce
compliance with the contents of this document. Nor do they list, certify, test, or inspect products,
designs, or installations for compliance with this document. Any certification or other statement of

compliance with the requirements of this document shall not be attributable to ASC Z97 and is solely
the responsibility of the certifier or maker of this statement.
This Standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by the Accredited Standards
Committee Z97. Committee approval of the Standard does not necessarily imply that all Committee
members voted for its approval. At the time the ASC Z97 approved the 2015 edition of this Standard,
the ASC Z97 had the following members:
Kevin Olah, Chair

Julia Schimmelpenningh, Secretary
Organization Represented Primary Member Alternate Member

3M Company Paul Neumann ---
AGC Flat Glass North America Mark Cody Greg Feathers
AIMCAL Window Film Committee Darrell Smith Vickie Lovell
ASC Z97 Individual Member Brian Gartner n/a
ASC Z97 Individual Member Debra Levy n/a
ACS Z97 Individual Member Edward Conrath n/a
ASC Z97 Individual Member John Kent n/a
ASC Z97 Individual Member Robert Brown n/a
ASC Z97 Individual Member Scott Norville n/a
Architectural Testing Inc. Christian Lapadat ---
Arkema Inc. Thomas Richards Tom DeMain
Bayer Material Science Karl Weicking ---
Consolidated Glass Corp. Shane Marryman Louis Marryman
Corning Incorporated Illona Schmidt ---
Eastman Chemical Company Julia Schimmelpenningh Robert Young
Evonik Cyro LLC Darrell Sparks ---
Glass Association of North America Urmilla Sowell Sara Neiswanger
Guardian Industries Corp. Kevin Olah Melissa Matyniak
Insulating Glass Manufacturers Association Margaret Webb ---
Interlayer Solutions Geys Gomez ---
Kuraray America Valerie Block Mark Jacobson
Lucite International, Inc John Philiips Kim Edwards
Oldcastle BuildingEnvelope® Richard Wright Robert Williams
Pilkington North America, Inc. Neil McSporran David Duly
Plaskolite Inc. David Chan Timothy Ling
Steel Consulting Services Kate Steel ---
Technical Glass Products Jerry Razwick Aaron Jackson
Trulite Glass and Aluminum Solutions Jeff Haberer ---
U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission Thomas Caton Mark Kumagai
Viracon Inc. Lyman Pierce
Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates William Nugent Robert Hannen
Steering Committee ASC Z97
Kevin Olah, Chair

Julia Schimmelpenningh, Secretary
Mark Cody
John Kent
Urmilla Sowell
Darrell Sparks
Richard Wright

Table of Contents
ANSI Z97.1-2015 ........................................................................................................................... I

FOR SAFETY GLAZING MATERIALS USED IN BUILDINGS – ............................................................................. I
SAFETY PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS AND METHODS OF TEST ................................................................ I
AMERICAN NATIONAL......................................................................................................................... I
TABLE OF FIGURES ...............................................................................................................................2
1 SCOPE, PURPOSE, AND LIMITATIONS ................................................................................. 3
1.1 SCOPE ......................................................................................................................................3
1.2 PURPOSE...................................................................................................................................3
1.3 LIMITATIONS ..............................................................................................................................3
2 REFERENCED STANDARDS ................................................................................................... 4
3 DEFINITIONS......................................................................................................................... 5
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4 SPECIMENS TO BE TESTED .................................................................................................... 7

4.1 CONDITION OF SPECIMENS.........................................................................................................7
4.2 THICKNESS OF SPECIMENS ...........................................................................................................7
4.3 SIZE CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIMENS ............................................................................................8
4.4 SPECIMENS FOR IMPACT TESTS .....................................................................................................8
4.5 SPECIMENS FOR THERMAL TEST ....................................................................................................8
4.6 SPECIMENS FOR WEATHERING TESTS.............................................................................................8
4.7 SPECIMENS FOR MODULUS AND HARDNESS TESTS .........................................................................9
5 TEST SPECIFICATIONS ........................................................................................................ 10
5.1 IMPACT TEST ............................................................................................................................10
5.2 CENTER PUNCH FRAGMENTATION TEST ......................................................................................24
5.3 THERMAL TEST FOR LAMINATED AND ORGANIC COATED GLAZINGS .............................................25
5.4 WEATHERING TESTS FOR LAMINATED, ORGANIC COATED AND PLASTIC GLAZINGS ........................26
6 MARKING OF SAFETY GLAZING MATERIAL ...................................................................... 34
6.1 MARK INFORMATION ...............................................................................................................34
6.2 APPLICATION OF MARK ...........................................................................................................34
6.3 SPECIAL APPLICATION MARKING ..............................................................................................35
7 ANNEX ............................................................................................................................... 36
8 APPENDIX A....................................................................................................................... 37
A1. GENERAL ...........................................................................................................................37
A2. SAFE PERFORMANCE CRITERIA (SEE SECTION 5.1.2)...............................................................37
A3. DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN ENGINEERING DATA CHART..........................................................37
A4. INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS (SEE SECTION 5.1.4) ...................................................................39
9 APPENDIX B ....................................................................................................................... 40
1
Table of Figures
FIGURE 1: IMPACT TEST STRUCTURE .........................................................................................................11

FIGURE 2: IMPACT TEST FRAME - FRONT VIEW .........................................................................................12
FIGURE 2.1: DETAIL OF SECTION A-A PROPERLY CLAMPED TEST SPECIMEN ............................................13
FIGURE 2.2: DETAIL OF SECTION A-A IMPROPERLY CLAMPED TEST SPECIMEN........................................13
FIGURE 3: IMPACT TEST FRAME – SIDE VIEW ............................................................................................14
FIGURE 4: IMPACT TEST FRAME – BENT GLAZING – FRONT VIEW ................................................................15
FIGURE 4.1: DETAIL OF SECTION B-B ......................................................................................................16
FIGURE 4.2: DETAIL OF SECTION C-C .....................................................................................................16
FIGURE 4.3: DETAIL OF SECTION D-D.....................................................................................................17
FIGURE 5: BENT GLASS IMPACT TEST FRAME (EXPLODED VIEW) .................................................................17
FIGURE 6: IMPACT TEST FRAME - BENT GLAZING - SIDE VIEW .....................................................................18
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FIGURE 7: IMPACTOR ............................................................................................................................20
FIGURE 8: CENTER PUNCH FRAGMENTATION ..........................................................................................25
FIGURE A1: HUMAN ENGINEERING DATA ................................................................................................38
Table of Tables
TABLE 1: GROUPING OF TESTS FOR SAFETY GLAZING MATERIALS ..................................................................... 7

TABLE 2: APPLICABLE INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS FOR SHOT BAG IMPACT .................................................... 23
TABLE 3: ACCELERATED WEATHERING CONDITIONS ...................................................................................... 27
TABLE 4: ACCELERATED WEATHERING CONDITIONS – INDOOR PRODUCT USE .............................................. 32
TABLE X1: ASC Z97.1-2015 - REFERENCE STANDARDS ................................................................................ 36
TABLE B1: SUMMARY TABLE FOR WEATHERING AND SUBSEQUENT TESTING ..................................................... 40
2
American National Standard for Safety Glazing Materials Used in Buildings

- Safety Performance Specifications and Methods of Test
1 Scope, Purpose, and Limitations

1.1 Scope
This standard establishes the specifications and methods of test for the safety properties
of safety glazing materials (glazing materials designed to promote safety and reduce the
likelihood of cutting and piercing injuries when the glazing materials are broken by
human contact) as used for all building and architectural purposes.
1.2 Purpose
The purpose of this standard is to prescribe the minimum safety performance
characteristics of safety glazing materials. This standard affords a basis for; (1) safety
standards for adoption in regulations by federal, state, and local regulatory bodies; and
(2) for use by building code officials, architects, designers, specifiers and others as a
reference standard. Approval of a material under this standard constitutes acceptance
of its safety characteristics and the retention of those characteristics. It is not to be
construed as appraisal of its durability or appearance as a glazing material.
1.3 Limitations
1.3.1 Conformance of a material to this standard demonstrates minimum acceptable

safety characteristics of the material in use
1.3.2 Conformance of a material to this standard is not to be construed as an appraisal

of its strength, durability or appearance as a glazing material, nor does this
standard specify situations in which safety-glazing materials should be used.
1.3.3 This standard does not address the methods used for the installation of safety
glazing materials.
1.3.4 A condition of conformance of a material to this standard is its uniform

production so that it will consistently exhibit these safety characteristics.
1.3.5 Monolithic annealed glass, monolithic heat strengthened glass, monolithic

chemically strengthened glass, monolithic wired glass (not fire rated) and
monolithic fire rated wired glass are not considered safety glazing materials under
this standard.
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3
2 Referenced Standards
This standard is intended for use in conjunction with the cited editions of the following
standards (see ANNEX X for edition year):
ASTM1 C1036 Standard Specification for Flat Glass

ASTM C1048 Standard Specification for Heat-Strengthened and Fully Tempered Flat Glass
ASTM C1172 Standard Specification for Laminated Architectural Flat Glass
ASTM C1349 Standard Specification for Architectural Flat Glass Clad Polycarbonate
ASTM C1464 Standard Specification for Bent Glass
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ASTM D785 Standard Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics and Electrical
Insulating Materials
ASTM D790 Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Un-reinforced and Reinforced
Plastics and Electrical Insulating Material
ASTM D1003 Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent
Plastics
ASTM D1435 Standard Practice for Outdoor Weathering of Plastics
ASTM D2240 Standard Test Method for Rubber Property-Durometer Hardness
ASTM D2244 Standard Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences
from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
ASTM D2565 Standard Practice for Xenon Arc Exposure of Plastics Intended for Outdoor
Applications
ASTM D4459 Standard Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics Intended for Indoor
Applications
ASTM D6110 Standard Test Mehods for Determining the Charpy Impact Resistance of
Notched Specimens of Plastics
ASTM E308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System
ASTM E313 Standard Practice for Calculating Yellowness and Whiteness Indices from
Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
ASTM G155 Standard Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of
Non-Metallic Materials
ISO2 4892-2 Plastics - Methods of Exposure to Laboratory Light Sources - Part 2 Xenon Arc
Sources
1 ASTM, International. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA

2 International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Geneva Switzerland
4
3 Definitions
asymmetric material: Glazing in which component layers of its construction makeup are
different in thickness, kind, type or pattern texture about its interlayer and/or central
plane surface.
bent glass: Flat glass that has been shaped while hot into a form that has curved
surfaces.
bubble: A visible gas pocket in the interlayer material or in the plastic glazing sheet
material, or between the interlayer and another layer of glass or plastic glazing sheet
material.
cracking: The visible breaking, splitting or fissuring, either partially or completely through
the thickness of an individual layer of material.
crack-free particle: A portion of a broken test specimen that is determined by
identifying the smallest possible perimeter around all points in the portion of the broken
test specimen, always passing along un-separated cracks or exposed surfaces.
crazing: The visible breaking, splitting or fissuring of a material, typically patterned with a
network of fine lines that do not penetrate through the thickness of an individual layer of
material.
delamination: A condition in which one of the glass or plastic glazing sheet material
layers loses its bond to an interlayer and separates physically.
discoloration: A visibly noticeable chemical or process induced color deviation in the
appearance of a material.
laminated glazing: A manufactured assembly consisting of at least one sheet of glass
bonded to at least one other sheet of glass or plastic glazing material with an organic
interlayer. Note: when broken, numerous cracks appear, but glass fragments tend to
adhere to the interlayer. See ASTM C1172 for additional information.
2-ply glass laminates: Laminated glazing consisting of two sheets of glass
bonded together with an interlayer.
multi-ply glass laminates: Laminated glazing consisting of more than two layers
of glass and/or plastic glazing sheet material bonded together by interlayers,
where both of the outer surfaces are glass.
glass/plastic laminates: Laminated glazing consisting of one or more layers of
glass and one or more layers of plastic glazing sheet material bonded together
with one or more interlayer(s) in which the plastic surface faces inward when the
glazing is installed in a structure.
mirror glazing: Architectural glazing materials whose intended use is based on their
reflective quality. These materials are composed of a reflective surface and may have a
substrate of glass, or plastic.
organic coated glazing: An assembly consisting of a sheet of glass covered on one or
both surfaces with either: (1) an adhesive-applied organic film or sheeting, or (2) an

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5
applied coating. When broken numerous cracks appear, but the glass fragments tend
to adhere to the applied organic material.
plastic glazing material: A single sheet of synthetic plastic material, a combination of
two or more such sheets laminated together, or a combination of plastic material and
reinforcement material in the form of fibers or flakes. This material contains as an
essential ingredient an organic substance of large molecular weight; is solid in its finished
state; and, at some stage in its manufacture or in its processing into finished articles, can
be shaped by flow. See ASTM C1349 for additional information.
safety glazing materials: Glazing materials so constructed, treated, or combined with
other materials that, if broken by human contact, the likelihood of cutting or piercing
injuries that might result from such contact is reduced.
tempered glass: (also known as toughened glass). Glass of any shape that has been
subjected to a thermal treatment process characterized by uniform heating followed by
rapid uniform cooling to produce compressively stressed surface layers. See ASTM C1048
for additional information.
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6
4 Specimens to Be Tested
Table 1: Grouping of Tests for Safety Glazing Materials
Glazing Type1
Laminated
Tempered
Organic
Glazing
Coated
Glazing
Glazing
Plastic
Glass
Test
Impact
X X X X
Test 5.1
Center Punch Fragmentation
X2
Test 5.2
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Thermal
X X3
Test 5.3
Weathering4
X X5 X
Test 5.4
Indoor aging
X X X
Test 5.4.3
Hardness
X6
Test 4.7, 5.1.4 Type 3
Modulus
X6
Test 4.7, 5.1.4 Type3
Notes:
1 Bent glass and mirror glazings shall be tested in accordance with requirements of the base-
glazing product; see section 4.4.
2 Center Punch Fragmentation test is used to evaluate the fracture pattern of tempered glass
specimens that do not break during impact test of section 5.1.
3 Thermal test only applies to organic coated glazing when organic coated glazings are used
for exterior glazing.
4 Weathering tests on laminated and organic coated glazing shall be performed on the
thinnest construction of all components with clear glass, clear plastics and clear interlayers.
5 Mirror glazing shall be tested in accordance with 5.4.3.
6 Only required if breakage occurs under impact
4.1 Condition of Specimens

Tests shall be applied to specimens as shipped by the manufacturer and shall be
representative of commercial production, except that any protective masking material
shall be removed prior to test.
4.2 Thickness of Specimens

The thickness of the specimens to be tested shall be measured and recorded along with
the nominal thickness in accordance with accepted industry practice (for glass as set
forth in ASTM C1036 or other national or international standards). No manufacturer shall
mark or advertise as passing the tests, described in this standard, any product of different
nominal thickness than that of the specimens passing the tests.
7
4.3 Size Classification of Specimens

A description of impact specimens to be tested as required for size classification as set
forth below:
Unlimited Size (U) 34 inches by 76 inches, ± 0.125 (1/8) inch (864 mm by 1930
mm, ± 3 mm)
Limited Size (L) Appropriate to Manufacturer, Largest size commercially

produced by the manufacturer less than 34 inches by 76
inches, ± 1/8 inch (864 mm by 1930 mm, ± 3 mm). Minimum
specimen size: 16 inches by 30 inches, ± 1/8 inch (406 mm
by 762 mm, ± 3 mm).
No manufacturer submitting specimens that are in the Limited Size Classification shall
mark or advertise as passing the tests, described in this standard, any product with either
dimension greater than those of the specimens passing the tests.
4.4 Specimens for Impact Tests

For impact test (see section 5.1) of any safety glazing material, four specimens, each of
the thickness and size described in sections 4.2 and 4.3 respectively, shall be required. If
the test specimens are of an asymmetric material, two shall be impacted from each side.
For impact test of safety glazing materials after aging (see section 5.4.3) as used in indoor
applications only, four specimens, each of the thickness and size described in sections
4.2 and 4.3 respectively, shall be required. If the test specimens are of an asymmetric
material two shall be impacted from each side.
For mirror glazing using either reinforced or non-reinforced organic adhesive backing
material, four specimens each with the backing material applied, of the thickness and
size described in sections 4.2 and 4.3 respectively, shall be required. The specimens shall
be impacted only on the non-reinforced side and with no other material applied.
Bent glass test methods shall be the same as for flat sample testing except as referenced
in the text and figures of this standard (See Figure 4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5 and 6). For unlimited
size (U) classification of bent glass, 34 in x 76 in (864 mm x 1930 mm) specimens with a
simple arc-shaped bend of 40 inches (1016 mm) shall be tested. Interpretation of results
shall be the same. See ASTM C1464 for additional information.
Note: Where project specific requirements or limitations in production exist, other shapes and sizes may be
tested.
4.5 Specimens for Thermal Test

For thermal test (see section 5.3), three specimens, each 12 inches by 12 inches (310 mm
x 310 mm), representative of commercial production and of identical manufacture and
nominal thickness as submitted for impact testing (see section 4.4), shall be required.
4.6 Specimens for Weathering Tests
For weathering tests (see section 5.4), specimens as described in sections 4.6.1 and 4.6.2,
representative of commercial production and of the thinnest construction for which
8
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qualification is desired (see section 4.4), shall be required. Specimens constructed of

laminated, organic coated or plastic glazings that have decorative or other functional
materials inserted or embedded within the glazing material shall not need to undergo
weathering and subsequent testing if all of the following criteria are met:
1.) the interlayer, organic coating or plastic material encapsulates the decorative
or otherwise functional material,
2.) the interlayer, organic coating or plastic is deemed to comply with section 5.4.
3.) the thickness of the interlayer, organic coating or plastic on each side of the
insert or embedded material is at least the minimum thickness as qualified in
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section 5.4.
The use of an insert or embedded material does not preclude the requirements for
impact testing.
4.6.1 Plastic Glazing Material

One un-backed panel, a minimum 6 inches by 6 inches (152 mm by 152 mm), shall be
exposed. One additional un-backed panel, a minimum 6 inches by 6 inches (152 mm by
152 mm), shall be kept in darkness and used as a control.
NOTE: A minimum of five specimens, each 0.5 inch by 5 inches (12.7 mm by 127 mm), is necessary for the
Charpy Impact Test (ASTM D6110). Alternate panel sizes may be used provided that enough material exists to
cut a total of five specimens after exposure. Edges shall be trimmed from exposed panels prior to cutting
specimens to minimize edge effects. For materials suspected of being anisotropic, the direction of one axis
shall be marked on each panel, and all specimens shall be cut in the same direction.
4.6.2 Laminated and Organic Coated Glazing

Six specimens, each, a minimum of 2 inches by 5.5 inches (minimum 50 mm by 140 mm)
shall be prepared. Three specimens shall be exposed and three shall be kept in darkness
and used as controls. Optical measurements for visible light transmittance, yellowness,
haze and color may be taken on an unexposed sample designated for exposure to
serve as the unexposed control values.
4.7 Specimens for Modulus and Hardness Tests
4.7.1 Specimens for Flexural Modulus

The specimen dimensions are dependent on the thickness of the material and the span
distance capabilities of the testing machine. The dimensions shall meet the requirements
of ASTM D790 for flatwise tests. For common plastic glazing thicknesses and common
testing machine capabilities, specimens 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) wide and 5 inches (127 mm)
long can meet the requirements. Decreased width and/or increased length may be
needed in some cases to meet the span to depth ratio, span to width ratio and span to
length requirements of the standard.
4.7.2 Specimens for Rockwell Hardness

The specimens shall be at least 1 inch (25 mm) square and at least 1/4 inch (6 mm) thick.
Materials less than 0.25 inches (6 mm) thick may be stacked provided that the
precautions noted in ASTM D785 are met.
9
5 Test Specifications
5.1 Impact Test
Required specimens shall be tested as submitted except that any protective masking or
protective material shall be removed prior to the test. Any applied coating integral to the
specimens shall not be removed. The specimens shall be conditioned to a uniform test
temperature between 65°F and 85°F (18°C and 29°C) for at least 4 hours with separation
to permit free air circulation.
5.1.1 Apparatus
The test apparatus shall consist of a test frame and an impactor system. The test frame
consists of a main frame mounted on two base beams with stiffening members and a
sub-frame, in which the specimen is held. The impactor system consists of the impactor,
traction, release, and suspension devices.
(1) Main Frame The main frame shall be constructed to minimize movement, deflection,
twisting or racking of its members during testing. For this purpose, the structural framing
members shall be steel angles 3 inches by 5 inches by 0.25 inch (76 mm by 127 mm by 6
mm) or other sections and materials of equal or greater rigidity. The main frame shall be
welded or securely bolted at the corners and braced as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and
Figure 3.
The main frame is mounted to a rigid floor and/or wall. Horizontal members made of
steel sections connect the main frame to a rigid wall. The base beams are connected to
the main frame by diagonal members of steel sections (see Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure
3). Attach the two base beams of the main frame to a concrete base or floor using bolts
M16 or equivalent.
Internal dimensions of main frame3 (Figure 2) shall be:

Internal width: 33.25 inches ±0.2 inch (835 mm ±5 mm)
Internal height: 75.25 inches ± 0.2 inch (1902 mm ±5 mm)
3
The internal dimensions of the main frame shall be 1.1 inch (28 mm) less than unlimited-size (34 inches by 76 inches
[864 mm by 1930 mm]) specimen dimensions.
10
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--`,,`,,,,,,``,`,```,,`,`,``,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Figure 1: Impact Test Structure
11
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(
Figure 2: Impact Test Frame - Front View
12
Figure 2.1: Detail of Section A-A PROPERLY Clamped Test Specimen

(>1/8 inch (3 mm))
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Figure 2.2: Detail of Section A-A IMPROPERLY Clamped Test Specimen

(>1/8 inch (3 mm))
13
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Figure 3: Impact Test Frame – Side View
14
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Figure 4: Impact Test Frame – Bent Glazing – Front View
15
Figure 4.1: Detail of Section B-B
Figure 4.2: Detail of Section C-C
16
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--`,,`,,,,,,``,`,```,,`,`,``,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Figure 4.3: Detail of Section D-D
Figure 5: Bent Glass Impact Test Frame (Exploded View)
17
Figure 6: Impact Test Frame - Bent Glazing - Side View
18
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(2) Sub-frame (Test Specimen Mounting Frame). (See Figure 1 and Figure 2) The sub-
frame for securing the specimens on all four edges consists of two parts made from wood
or other material which is hard enough to withstand the pressure exerted by the
clamping forces. Each part shall be provided with a groove or rebate in which a strip of
elastomeric rubber is laid; the specimen shall only contact the elastomeric rubber strips.
The inner sub-frame (Figure 2.1 and Figure 2.2), which is in contact with the specimen, is
2- inches by 0.75 inch (50 mm by 19 mm) minimum. The outer part of the sub-frame holds
the specimen and is 2 inches by 1.5 inches (50 mm by 38 mm) minimum.
The sub-frame is fixed to the main frame by at least twelve bolts (M10 bolts, scissors
clamps or equivalent). These shall be fixed at the points marked on Figure 1 and Figure
2, with no fewer than two on any edge and spaced no more than 18 inches (450 mm)
apart.
To provide and limit elastomeric rubber compression and avoid sub-frame distortion,
non-compressible shims appropriate to glazing thickness shall be used to separate the
inner and outer parts of the sub-frame (See Figure 2.1).
The elastomeric rubber strip, the only element of the sub frame that the test specimen
shall come into contact with, shall be 0.8 inch (20 mm) wide by 0.4 inch (10 mm) thick
and have a Shore-A hardness of 40 ± 10 (ASTM D2240, Standard Test Method for Rubber
Property - Durometer Hardness).
NOTE: Modifications that clearly do not alter the function or performance of the main frame or sub-frame are
acceptable. Any reasonable means may be used to secure the sub-frame to the main frame provided the
mounting is secure and the pressure on the glazing specimen in the sub-frame is controlled.
(3) Impactor The impactor shall consist of the leather bag described in Figure 7, a
commercial punching bag4 with its bladder left in place, or any other leather bag of
nominally identical shape and size. The bag shall be filled with lead shot of 2.4 mm + 0.1
mm diameter (nominal USA No. 71/2 or European No. 7 lead shot) and taped. After filling
with lead shot, the top shall be either pulled over the metal sleeve and tied with a cord;
or twisted around the threaded eyebolt shaft and tied below the metal sleeve, or both.
To reduce bag damage during testing, the exterior of the leather bag surface shall be
completely covered with glass filament reinforced pressure sensitive polyester adhesive
tape5, 0.5 inch to 0.6 inch (12 mm to 15 mm) in width and 0.006 inch (0.15 mm) thick.
Tape the entire bag, using three (3) rolls or 180 yards (165 m) total length, and taping in a
diagonal-overlapping manner. Tape the neck of the bag separately, with additional
glass filament reinforced tape of the same kind. The total mass of the impactor assembly
shall be 100 lb. ±4 oz. (45.4 kg ± 0.2 kg) as described in Figure 7, excluding traction system
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attachments.
To reduce bag deformation during testing, the bag shall be rotated about the axis of its
suspension device before each specimen or sample set, by no less than 30 degrees, and
by no more than 90 degrees.
4
Such as 9 inch (229 mm) diameter by 14 inch (356 mm) high Everlast 4207 (raw, full grain 3 ounce (85 grams)
cowhide) or Everlast 4212 (split 3 ounce (85 grams) cowhide) available from Everlast Sports, Bronx, New York, USA.
These are trade names. This information is given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement
of any product named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results. As of the date
of publication of this version, Everlast no longer supplies these bags. A source of supply is SGCC at www.sgcc.org
5
Such as 3M No. 898 (a trade name), or equal. (See footnote4 regarding trade name).
19
NOTE: To reduce bag damage during testing, a thin homogeneous or non-woven plastic film no
more than 0.005 inch (0.13 mm) thick or a loosely draped woven cloth towel weighing no more
than 0.05 g/cm2 (0.0113 oz. /in2) shall not be attached to the impactor, but rather may be
suspended vertically in front of the surface of the specimen at a distance no more than 0.4 inch
(10 mm).
The impactor shape shall be maintained constant during testing. To reduce visible
deformation of the impactor, it shall be removed from the suspension device and
pummeled with a rubber mallet into its approximate original shape.
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Figure 7: Impactor
(4) Suspension Device: The impactor is suspended by means of a single, stranded steel
cable, approximately 0.125 inch (3 mm) diameter, from an upper swivel-fixture above
the head of the main frame at an elevation of which the minimum distance between
the swivel-fixture and impactor centerline is 60 inches (1524 mm). The upper swivel-fixture
20
must be rigid to ensure the point of suspension remains stationary. The lower swivel(s) or
equivalent shall be provided on the bag for rotation of the impactor about its suspension
device axes between impact events.
When at rest, the surface of the impactor, at its maximum diameter, shall be located no
more than 2 inches (51 mm) from the surface of the specimen and no more than 2
inches (51 mm) from the center of the specimen.
(5) Traction and Release System A traction system shall be used which enables the
impactor to be brought into its launch position. The launch position depends on the drop
height selected. The traction cable is connected to the impactor traction system by a
release mechanism, with provisions for rotating the impactor.
To position the impactor at the selected drop height, a traction force shall be applied to
raise the impactor such that the axis of the impactor shall be aligned with the suspension
cable, with the cable remaining taut. To ensure this, the top and bottom ends of the
impactor shall be connected to the release device by a suitable link.
5.1.2 Impact Classification

Glazing materials shall be submitted for impact testing to a selected drop height class.
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(1) Drop Height Class
Glazing materials conforming to this standard are classified by their performance
under the impact test at the selected drop height.
Class A - glazing material that complies with the requirements of section

5.1.4 when tested by the procedure of section 5.1.3 at a drop height
between 48 inches and 48.5 inches (1219 mm and 1232 mm) using an
impact specimen appropriate to the size classification.
Class B - glazing material that complies with the requirements of section

5.1.4 when tested by the procedure of section 5.1.3 at a drop height of
between 18 inches and 18.5 inches (457 mm and 470 mm) using an
impact specimen appropriate to the size classification.
(2) Drop Height Qualification

Glazing material qualified for classification at the higher impact drop height level
"Class A", shall be deemed to comply with the lower impact drop height level
"Class B".
5.1.3 Impact Procedure

(1) Place and center each specimen in the sub-frame so each edge is encased
in the elastomeric rubber strip to a depth of at least 0.4 inch (10 mm). With the
specimen mounted, the elastomeric rubber strip shall not be compressed by
more than 15% of its thickness. For bolts, torque shall be 15 ft-lb. + 4 ft-lb (20Nm+
5Nm).
21
(2) Select a drop height classification from section 5.1.2(1). Rotate the impactor
as required. Raise the impactor to the selected drop height intended for
classification and stabilize it. At the selected drop height, the suspension device
shall be taut and the axes of the impactor and cable shall be in line.
(3) The impactor, stabilized in the launch position in a vertical plane normal to the
test specimen, is released and falls without initial velocity or axial rotation. At least
one impact shall occur on each test specimen. Unbroken specimens may be
reused for higher classification impact testing.
(4) Classify the test specimen according to the Glazing Types in Table 2. Inspect
each test specimen after impact and record and report whether it complied or
did not comply with the Applicable Interpretation of Results contained in Table 2.
If classified as Tempered Glass, open the sub frame to allow any particles to be
released and fall free.
(5) If any of the required specimens fail to comply with the requirements of
section 5.1.4, the material shall not be classified for impact.
(6) For asymmetric materials, the test shall be carried out on both sides using
equal numbers of separate specimens.
(7) When the required number of specimens are impacted and inspected, report
the impact classification as described in section 5.1.2. If all specimens tested by
impact either do not break, or break according to the requirements of section
5.1.4, the glazing material shall be classified as described in section 5.1.2, at the
impact level tested. Classification shall comprise the word "Class", followed by a
letter designation ("A" or "B") for drop height class.
(8) If it is required to test the material to a higher impact classification level,

repeat the test on the required number of undamaged specimens of the same
material at the higher impact level. At the fabricator's discretion, previously tested
but unbroken specimens may be used for higher impact classification testing.
(9) Each specimen of bent glass will be impacted on the convex surface at the
center of the specimen perpendicular to the frame from the selected drop
height (see Figure 6).
Note: The convex surface is tested due to the realistic constraints of the test set-up in impacting the
concave surface. Additionally, as of the date of this publication no data was available that showed
one surface is more or less likely to break during impact.
5.1.4 Interpretation of Results

Evaluation after impact shall occur whether the specimen remains fully engaged in the
frame or partially engaged in the frame, or is entirely disengaged from the frame. A
glazing material shall be judged to pass the impact test if any one of the applicable
evaluation criteria below is met by each of the required number of impact specimens
tested.
22
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Table 2: Applicable Interpretation of Results for Shot Bag Impact
Organic
Interpretation Laminated Tempered Plastic
coated
of Results Glazing Glass Glazing
glazing
5.1.4 Type 1 X X
5.1.4 Type 2 X
5.1.4 Type 3 X
5.1.4 Type 4 X X X X
Type 1:
Upon impact, one or more cracks may appear. Fragments tend to be contained
by the interlayer or adhesive like laminated or organic coated glazing.
Specimen Evaluation Criteria: No tear or shear or opening develops within the

vertical specimen through which a 3.0 inch (76 mm) diameter sphere can pass
using a horizontally applied force of 4.0 lb. (18 N) or less. Additionally, if particles
are detached from the test specimen up to 3 min after impact, they shall, in total
weigh no more than a mass equivalent to 15.5 in2 (10, 000mm2) of the original test
specimen. The single largest particle shall weigh less than a mass equivalent to
6.82 in2 (4,400 mm2) of the original test specimen. Detached individual particles
less than the mass equivalent of 1 in2 (650 mm2) shall be excluded from the
fragment analysis.
Type 2:
Upon impact, the specimen shatters like tempered glass.
Specimen Evaluation Criteria: The 10 largest crack-free particles shall be selected

within 5 minutes subsequent to the impact and shall weigh no more than the
equivalent weight of 10 square inches (6452 square millimeters) of the original
specimen. For purposes of impact test evaluation when breakage occurs, the
average thickness of a tempered glass specimen containing grooves, bevels, or
other thickness altering fabrication shall be considered the average of the
thinnest measurement of each of the ten (10) geometrically largest crack-free
particles. This average thickness will then be used to determine the maximum
allowable weight of the ten (10) largest crack-free particles.
NOTE: The weight in ounces of 10 square inches of soda lime glass is equal to 14.5 times the glass
thickness in inches. The weight in grams of 10 square inches of glass is equal to 412 times the glass
thickness in inches (16.18 grams/mm).
23
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Type 3:
Upon impact, the specimen breaks like plastic glazing.
Specimen Evaluation Criteria: The stiffness and hardness of the specimen shall be
determined. A modulus of elasticity (see ASTM D790) less than 550,000 psi (3.9
GPa) and a Rockwell hardness (see ASTM D785) less than M or R 140 shall indicate
satisfactory compliance.
Type 4:
Upon impact, the specimen does not break.
Specimen Evaluation Criteria: No breakage occurs. All specimens of tempered

glass that do not fracture must pass section 5.2.
5.2 Center Punch Fragmentation Test

This test is to be performed on tempered glass specimens in addition to the test
described in section 5.1. Specimens for testing shall previously have been tested per
section 5.1 and, when impacted, no breakage has occurred. Specimens temperature
shall be between 65°F and 85°F (18.3°C and 29.4°C) prior to testing.
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5.2.1 Equipment
The following equipment is required:
(1) A sharp impactor such as a pointed hammer of about 2.65 ounces (75 g)
mass, or a spring loaded center punch6 or similar appliance can be used.
(2) A means of specimen support consisting of a flat base with adjustable
horizontal curbs to prevent scattering of fragments.
(3) A calibrated scale suitable for accurately weighing selected particles to
the nearest 0.004 ounce (0.1 gram).
(4) A calibrated micrometer7 capable of measuring the thickness of the
selected specimen / particle.
5.2.2 Procedure
(1) Flat Glass: Place the specimen on the flat base and place the curb lightly
along the specimen edges so the sample can elongate slightly yet the
fragments remain interlocked.
(2) Bent Glass: Place the specimen on the bent glass impactor frame on a
flat base with the convex side facing up. The specimen shall have edges
continuously supported.
(3) Strike the test specimen 1 inch (25 mm) inboard of the longest edge at its
midpoint until fracture occurs.
6 Starrett No. 18C automatic center punch. This information is given for the convenience of users and does not constitute
an endorsement of any product named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same
results.
7
Starrett No. 230, 0 inch – 1 inch (0 mm to 25 mm) . This information is given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement of any product named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the
same results.
24
5.2.3 Particle Weight Determination

(1) Within five minutes after fracture collect and weigh the ten (10) largest
crack-free particles. In the event any of the ten (10) largest particles
cracks after original selection, all pieces shall be weighed.
(2) For transparent flat glass, measure the thickness of the largest particle. For
patterned glass thickness measurement, see ASTM C1036 for thickness
measurement technique. Record the thickness.
5.2.4 Center Punch Fragmentation Interpretation of Results

(1) The total weight of the ten (10) largest crack-free pieces shall weigh no more
than the equivalent weight of 10 square inches (6452 mm2) of the original test
sample. (The weight in ounces of 10 square inches of glass is equal to 14.5
times the glass thickness in inches. The weight in grams of 10 square inches of
glass is equal to 412 times the glass thickness in inches (16.18 grams/mm)).
(2) No one particle shall be longer than 4 inches (102 mm) excluding an area of
radius 4 inch (102 mm) centered on the impact point, and a border of 1 inch
(25 mm) around the entire perimeter/edge of the test specimen (Figure 8).
Figure 8: Center Punch Fragmentation

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5.2.5 If any of the required specimens fail to comply with the requirements of section
5.2.4, the material shall not be classified for impact.
5.3 Thermal Test for Laminated and Organic Coated Glazings

This test shall be made to determine the probable effect of exposure to high
temperature and humidity conditions for a long period of time.
25
5.3.2 Procedure
Three 12 inch by 12 inch (305 mm x 305 mm) flat specimens, as submitted, shall be
subjected to an extended heat history through bake testing in an oven or boil testing.
The thermal test may be conducted either in a heating chamber or boiling water. The
test temperature is 212°F ± 4°F (100 °C ± 2°C). The specimens shall be conditioned to a
uniform test temperature between 65°F and 85°F (18°C and 29°C) for at least 4 hours with
separation to permit free air circulation prior to rating.
(1) Boil Testing

Samples are immersed, vertically, in water at 150°F ± 10°F (65.6°C ± 6°C) for 3
minutes and then quickly transferred to and similarly immersed in boiling water.
The specimens shall be kept in the boiling water for 2 hours and then removed.
(2) Bake Testing

Samples are placed in a preheated chamber with samples not contacting the
walls of the chamber and allowing for free flow of air around each specimen with
the exception of the racking mechanism. The chamber is allowed to regain set
temperature and test is maintained at temperature for 16 hours.
5.3.3 Interpretation of Results

The glass itself may crack in this test, but no bubbles or delaminations shall develop more
than 0.5 inch (12 mm) from the outer edge of the specimen or from any crack that may
develop. Any specimen in which the glass cracks to an extent confusing the results shall
be discarded without prejudice, and another specimen shall be tested instead.
5.4 Weathering Tests for Laminated, Organic Coated and Plastic

Glazings
The purpose of these tests is to determine whether these safety glazing materials will
successfully retain their safety characteristics after exposure to weathering conditions for
an extended period of time. The weathering methods described in section 5.4.1 shall be
used for all materials subjected to exterior exposure. After weathering, organic coated
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glazing shall be tested as described in sections 5.4.2(1) and 5.4.2(2); laminated glazing
shall be tested as described in sections 5.4.2(1) and 5.4.2(3), and plastic glazing shall be
tested as described in section 5.4.2(4) in order to evaluate whether or not the safety
glazing meets the weathering requirements. Plastic, organic coated or laminated
materials intended for interior use only shall be subjected only to the ageing
requirements of section 5.4.3.
Note: See Appendix B for a summary table of weathering requirements and post
weathering testing.
5.4.1 Weathering Methods

The specimens shall be subjected to one of the following two weathering exposure
alternatives. For laminated, organic coated, and plastic glazing, three (3) specimens
with the side marked for exterior exposure shall be exposed to the energy source. Three
(3) additional specimens shall be controls and shall be held in darkness at 73.4ºF ± 3.6ºF
(23ºC ± 2ºC) until needed (see sections 5.4.2(2) and 5.4.2(3)). For the plastics, see section
4.6.1.
26
(1) Natural Exposure
a. Procedure
The specimens shall be exposed in accordance with ASTM D1435 using a
26° North latitude, 45° angle of exposure, direct, facing South, open-
backed mounting.
b. Location
The specimens shall be exposed in South Florida, United States of America.
c. Duration
The specimens shall be exposed for one year. On average, a one year
exposure approximates a Total Ultraviolet (TUV) exposure of 300 ± 25
MJ/m2 at 295-385 nm.
(2) Accelerated Exposure
a. Apparatus
The specimens shall be subjected to exposure in a Xenon-Arc Type
Operating Light Apparatus as specified in ASTM G155 with filters as
specified in accordance with section 6.1.3 of ASTM G155 Spectral
Irradiance of Xenon Arc with Daylight Filters.
b. Procedure
The specimens shall be exposed in accordance to ASTM D2565 (or ISO
4892-2) and the following conditions as stated in Table 3:
Table 3: Accelerated Weathering Conditions
Parameter Description
ASTM D2565 Cycle Cycle 1
Black Panel Temperature 145° ± 4°F (64° ± 2°C)
Relative Humidity 50% ± 5%
Spray Water De-ionized

0.35 ± 0.02 watts/m2@ 340 nm, or 41.5 ± 2.5
Irradiance*
watts/m2 from 300 – 400nm
Exposure Duration* 3000 hours
*Minimum acceptable levels of irradiance and duration are indicated and
shall be recorded in the report section.
(3) Weathering for Laminated and Organic Coated Glazings

The purpose of weathering laminated or organic coated glazings is to determine
if degradation of the interlayer occurs over the duration of the exposure. Surface
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etching of the glazing may occur in the accelerated chamber or on natural

exposure and erroneously indicate interlayer or adhesive changes. An identical
piece of glazing material from which the laminates have been manufactured, a
blank (i.e.: glass, plastic etc…), may be weathered concurrently to determine the
weathering of glazing and eliminate those changes from the interlayer or
adhesive evaluation.
5.4.2 Tests after Weathering

Specimens exposed in accordance with section 5.4.1 shall be tested after weathering
according to the procedures outlined in sections 5.4.2(1) and 5.4.2(2). For organic
coated glazing, section 5.4.2(1) and 5.4.2(2); for laminated glazing, section 5.4.2(1) and
5.4.2 (3); and for plastic glazing, section 5.4.2 (4).
(1) Tests after Weathering for Laminated and Organic Coated Glazings
Assessment of optical changes after weathering are included for laminated and
organic coated glazings as significant changes can be indicative of product
degradation which may have an effect on impact and safety performance.
Changes in the blank glazing (5.4.1(3)) based on the comparison of non-
weathered retain data, shall be deducted from the weathered laminated or
organic coated specimens for evaluation of the properties listed in 5.4.2(1)b.
a. Measurement Location: Specimens shall be measured at a point more

than 10 mm inward from any edge.
b. Performance Requirements: When compared to control (unexposed)

samples, no weathered specimen shall exhibit more than the allowable
change, as specified, for the following properties:
[1] Visible Light Transmittance change not greater than 5

percentage units (e.g.: 91% control + 5% = 96% or 86%) as
measured according to ASTM D1003.
[2] Yellowness Index (for clear products only) increase not

greater than 0.5 YI units (e.g.: 0.70 YI control + 0.5 = 1.20) as
measured according to ASTM E313.
[3] Haze increase not greater than 0.5 percentage units (e.g.:
0.70 control + 1.20) as measured according to ASTM D1003.
[4] Delta E less than or equal to 5 units as measured according

to ASTM E308 and calculated according to ASTM D2244,
section 6.2.1.
c. Interpretation of Results: When the thinnest construction of all

components of laminated or organic coated glazings have passed the
applicable weathering requirements and subsequent evaluation as
stated in section 5.4, thicker components and colored components of the
same material are deemed as qualified for weathering compliance.
28
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(2) Tests after Weathering for Organic Coated Glazing Only

Organic coated glazing specimens shall be judged satisfactory if they pass the
requirements of section 5.4.2(1), adhesion test (see section 5.4.2(2)a) and the tensile
strength test (see section 5.4.2(2)b).
a. Adhesion Test
[1] Specimens: Six specimens, [nominally 2 inch by 6 inch (52 mm by

152 mm)] prepared as described in section 4.6.2 shall be tested.
The specimens shall be conditioned just prior to the performance
of the adhesion test at 73.5ºF ± 3.5ºF (23ºC ± 2ºC) and 50% ± 2%
relative humidity for 24 hours.
[2] Apparatus: The test apparatus shall be (a) a tensile tester of the
constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) type with the moving crosshead
set to move at 12 inches (305 mm) per minute and the load range
set so that the average peel force will fall at 30%-50% of full scale
and (b) a cutting device containing new razor blades for cutting 1
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inch (25 mm) wide specimens (use each blade one time only).
[3] Procedure: Using the 1 inch (25 mm) razor cutting device, cut a
straight strip of the organic coating in the lengthwise direction of
the specimen. Peel back about 2 inches (52 mm) of one end of
the 1 inch (12 mm) wide organic strip. Attach a strip of pressure-
sensitive tape to the side of the organic strip opposite the
adhesive to extend this free end to about 8 inches (203 mm) in
length. Place the end of the glass panel from which the organic
strip was removed in the lower clamp of the tensile tester and the
free end of the tape in the upper clamp. Peel the remainder of
the organic strip from the glazing mechanically and obtain a
record of the peel value. Determine the average pull for each
specimen from the chart record.
[4] Interpretation of Results: The organic coated glazing adhesions

shall be judged satisfactory if the average adhesion value of the
three exposed specimens is no less than 75% of the average
adhesion value of the three control (unexposed) specimens.
b. Tensile Strength Test
[1] Specimens: The samples for this test are the same specimens used
in the adhesion test as in section 5.4.2(2)a, and conditioned as in
section 5.4.2(2)a[1].
[2] Apparatus: The test apparatus shall be:
(a) a CRE tensile tester set as follows:

gauge length: 2 inches (52 mm);
crosshead speed: 2 inches (52 mm) per minute;
29
load range: set full-scale load so that specimens will break

at 30%-60% of full scale, and
(b) a cutter containing new razor blades for cutting 1/2 inch (12
mm) wide specimens (use each blade one time only).
[3] Procedure: Using the 1/2 inch (12 mm) razor cutting device, cut a
straight strip of the organic coating in the lengthwise direction of
the glass sample for the full 6 inch (152 mm) length. Carefully peel
this strip from the glass panel and test it for breaking strength in the
tensile strength tester.
[4] Interpretation of Results: The organic coating tensile shall be

judged satisfactory if the average tensile value of the three
exposed specimens is no less than 75% of the average tensile
value of the three control specimens.
(3) Tests after weathering for Laminated Glazing only
a. Specimens: After exposure, the test specimens may be cleaned, if necessary,

using a procedure recommended by their manufacturer to remove any residues
present.
b. Conditioning: Both the unexposed and exposed specimens shall be

conditioned prior to examination or further testing for a minimum of 48 hours at
71°F to 75°F (22°C to 24°C) and 50% ± 2% relative humidity.
c. Viewing: When irradiated and conditioned, the exposed specimens shall be

examined and compared visually with the unexposed controls. Specimens shall
be placed in a vertical position. The viewer shall look through the specimen using
daylight without direct sunlight, or using a background light suitable for observing
blemishes. View at 36 inches (910 mm).
d. Interpretation of Results: Any improvement in clarity or discoloration is

acceptable. When examined after ultraviolet exposure, each exposed test
specimen shall meet the criteria of 5.4.2(1) and be substantially free of noticeable
decomposition as defined by absence of the following specific kinds of
developed defects or blemishes, when observed by this inspection method in
comparison to unexposed control specimen(s):
(1) No bubbles or delamination shall be visible more than 0.4 inch (10
mm) from any outer edge of the specimen, and
(2) No crazing or cracking is allowed.
(3) If no noticeable decomposition and no other defects develop

upon exposure, the glazing material shall be reported as visually
acceptable. Otherwise, unacceptable glazing material shall be
reported as visually blemished.
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(4) Tests after Weathering for Plastics Only
a. Specimens: Shall be evaluated before and after exposure in accordance with

ASTM D6110, Charpy Impact Test, method B, with the following exceptions:
(1) The specimens shall not be notched.
(2) The specimens shall be tested with the exposed surface in tension.
(3) The specimens shall be exposed and tested flatwise.
(4) The span shall be reduced to 2 inches (52 mm) for thin material that
may slip through the supports without breaking.
(5) The average of five (5) samples taken from the weathered specimens
shall be reported.
b. Interpretation of Results: Plastic materials shall be acceptable for use as safety

glazing if the impact strength as measured by the Charpy Impact Test is not
reduced by more than 25% as a result of the natural or accelerated exposure.
No bubbles or other physical degradation shall develop in the exposed portion.
5.4.3 Indoor Applications Only - Aging Tests for Laminated, Plastic, Organic
Coated and Mirror Glazings
The purpose of these tests is to determine whether laminated, plastic, organic coated or
mirror glazings for indoor use only will successfully retain their safety characteristics after
exposure to simulated aging conditions for an extended period of time. The specimens
described in 4.4 for impact test after aging shall be used. Specimen size shall be in
accordance with 4.6. Specimens passing the requirements of natural or accelerated
exposure (section 5.4.1) and subsequent testing (section 5.4.2) are deemed qualified for
indoor applications without further evaluation.
(1) Accelerated Exposure
a. Apparatus
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The specimens shall be subjected to exposure in a Xenon-Arc Type Operating

Light Apparatus as specified in ASTM G155 with filters as specified in accordance
with ASTM D 4459.
b. Procedures
The specimens shall be exposed in accordance to ASTM D4459 and the following
conditions as indicated in Table 4:
31
Table 4: Accelerated Weathering Conditions – Indoor Product Use
Parameter Description
Light Mode Continuous
Black Panel Temperature 131° ± 4°F (55° ± 2°C)
Relative Humidity 55% ± 5%
Spray Water None

0.3 ± 0.02 w/(m2* nm)@ 340 nm, or
Irradiance* 0.8 ± 0.05 w/(m2 * nm) @ 420 nm, or
36.5 ± 2.5 w/m2 between 300 and 400 nm
Exposure Duration 3000 hours
* Minimum acceptable levels of irradiance indicated. Higher irradiance levels and longer
duration are permitted. Levels and duration shall be recorded in the report section.
c. Interpretation of Results
[1] Aging Tests for Plastics used in Indoor Applications Only

After exposure in accordance with 5.4.3(1) specimens must pass the
requirements of section 5.4.2(4), to be qualified for indoor applications.
[2] Aging Tests for Laminates and Organic Coated Glazing used in Interior
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Applications Only
After exposure in accordance with 5.4.3(1), specimens must pass the
requirements of section 5.4.2 to be qualified for indoor applications.
(2) Aging Tests for Mirror Glazing used in Interior Applications Only
a. Apparatus
A conditioning chamber of sufficient size to hold up to 34 inch by 76 inch (864 mm
x 1930 mm) panels vertically and capable of maintaining conditions of 140ºF ± 5ºF
(60ºC ± 3ºC), 100ºF ± 5ºF (38ºC ± 3ºC) and 95% ± 5% relative humidity, and 0ºF ± 5ºF
(18ºC ± 3ºC).
b. Procedure
Place four of the organic coated glazing specimens positioned vertically and
spaced at least 1 inch (25 mm) apart in the chamber. Raise the temperature to
140°F ± 5°F (60ºC ± 5ºC) within 3 hours and maintain for 21 hours. Change the
chamber conditions to 100°F ± 5°F (38ºC ± 3ºC) and 95% ± 5% relative humidity in 3
hours and maintain for 21 hours. This represents one complete cycle. Expose the
specimens to 10 complete cycles. At the completion of the tenth cycle, change
the chamber conditions to 0°F ± 5°F (18ºC ± 3ºC) in 3 hours and maintain for 21
hours. The fifth specimen shall be retained unexposed as a control for the effects
of the exposure cycling. Upon completion of the required number of exposure
cycles, all specimens shall be tested as described in section 5.4.3 (3).
32
(3) Impact Test after Aging for Mirror Glazing
a. Apparatus
The apparatus described in section 5.1.1 shall be used.
b. Procedure
All the specimens exposed as described in section 5.4.3(2) shall be conditioned as
described in section 5.1 and evaluated by the procedure in section 5.1.2.
c. Interpretation of Results
The exposed specimens shall again satisfactorily complete the impact test in
accordance with section 5.1.3. Milkiness may develop but defects other than
these shall be cause for rejection.
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33
6 Marking of Safety Glazing Material
After having successfully passed the appropriate tests in this standard, like products and
materials produced in the same manner as specimens submitted per test shall be legibly
and permanently marked.
6.1 Mark Information

6.1.1 Content of Mark
The mark shall contain the following information:
(1) Supplier's name, distinctive mark or designation.
(2) The words "American National Standard Z97.1-2015" or the characters

"ANSI Z97.1-2015."
(3) Classification of test size (L or U) and drop height class (A or B). Plastic
glazing does not require drop height.
(4) Place of fabrication (if fabricator has more than one location fabricating
the product).
NOTE: Additional details and information, such as glass type, thickness and date of manufacture, are
permitted.
6.1.2 Example of Mark

Individual lay-out of the mark may vary based on manufacturer and product, and are
deemed acceptable upon meeting the requirements of 6.1.1.
Basic Basic with some optional information

Glazing Company A Glazing Company B
ANSI Z97.1-2015 UA Laminated (optional)
Plant ID (if more than one location) ANSI Z97.1-2015 UA
Plant ID (if more than one location)
101014 (Date Code optional)
6.2 Application of Mark

The appropriate party using the following guidelines shall apply the permanent mark:
(1) Laminated glazing stock sheets (i.e., size produced by the manufacturer)
shall be marked by the manufacturer of the stock sheet.
(2) All glazing products including cut size laminates and tempered glass shall
be marked by the company producing the finished cut to size glass
product.
(3) The fabricator or manufacturer shall mark plastic glazing materials.
34 --`,,`,,,,,,``,`,```,,`,`,``,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(4) The installer of the safety film shall mark field-applied organic coatings
(films).
6.3 Special Application Marking

Certain types of glazing material shall also be marked with additional information as
appropriate.
6.3.1 Safety Glazing Materials Used in Indoor Applications Only
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After having successfully passed the appropriate tests (see section 5.4.3), like products
and materials produced in the same manner as specimens submitted for testing shall be
legibly and permanently marked with the words - "Indoor Use Only".
6.3.2 Organic Coated Glazing Only

Organic coated glazing materials shall be legibly and permanently marked with the
words "Glaze This Side In," to indicate to the installer, inspector, or user which side of the
organic coated glazing should be exposed to the elements if there is a specific side that
should be exposed.
35
7 ANNEX
(This Annex is a mandatory part of American National Standard Z97.1-2015 and indicates
the publication year of the applicable standard referenced in ANSI Z97.1-2015.)
ANNEX X
Table X1
ASC Z97.1-2015 - Reference Standards
Location
Current Edition
As listed in ANSI Z97.1-2015 Referenced
Section(s)
4.2
ASTM C1036 2011e1
5.2.3
ASTM C1048 3 2012e1
ASTM C1172 3 2014
ASTM C1349 3 2010
ASTM C1464 4.4 2006(2011)
4.7.2
ASTM D785 2008
5.1.4(3)
4.7.1
ASTM D790 2010
5.1.4(3)
5.4.2(1)
ASTM D1003 2013
5.4.2(3)
ASTM D1435 5.4.1(1) 2013
ASTM D2240 5.1.1(2) 2005(2010)
ASTM D2244 5.4.2(1) 2015a
ASTM D2565 5.4.1(2) 1999(2008)
ASTM D4459 5.4.3(1) 2012
4.6.1 Note
ASTM D6110 2010
5.4.2(4)
ASTM E308 5.4.2(1) 2015
ASTM E313 5.4.2(1) 2015e1
5.4.1(2)
ASTM G155 2013
5.4.3(1)
ISO 4892-2 5.4.1(2) 2013
36
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8 APPENDIX A
(This Appendix is not part of American National Standard Z97.1-2015, but is included for
information only.)
Basis of Safety Performance Specifications and Methods of Test
A1. General
One purpose in the development of this standard is to provide a single functional test
that will simulate such human contact as normally results in cutting and piercing injuries.
The performance of each safety glazing material is evaluated by impacting in the
normally installed position. The test should be conducted from the direction that human
impact would occur. Only such auxiliary tests as are considered necessary to evaluate
the continued performance level, are used in the case of glazing containing organic
material.
A2. Safe Performance Criteria (See section 5.1.2)
The performance criteria are directly related to the reduction of cutting and piercing
injuries to persons who impact the glazing used in buildings.
The 150-ft. lbf (667 N) energy level has been established as practically related to those
situations in which the limited acceleration path precluded, in most cases, the possibility
of an individual developing their full kinetic energy (ke) potential (see section 1.3).
The 400-ft. lbf (1779 N) impact level was established for relatively unlimited acceleration
paths in which it might be reasonable to expect that an energetic teenager might
develop something approaching his or her full impact velocity.
As section A3 of this Appendix indicates, the independent safety experts who considered
the matter judged that these values were practical. (See section A3 and Figure A1)
A3. Development of Human Engineering Data Chart

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Safety experts indicate that a 100-lb (45 kg) person is representative of glass breakage
accident victims. From Figure A1 it is apparent that a 100-lb (45 kg) person running at the
rate of a 4-minute mile has about 755 ft. lbf (3358 N) of kinetic energy. The amount of this
energy a person might deliver to a glazed opening would depend upon the way the
glazed surface was impacted. A "straight-arm" would transmit more energy to the
glazing material than an arm that flexes with the impact.
For test purposes, Accredited Standards Committee Z97 decided, after extensive
evaluation, to use a readily available leather punching (speed) bag filled with 100
pounds of lead shot to simulate the running (person). The test impact values were
selected as representative of energy levels likely to be delivered by humans in practical
situations involving interior doors and patio doors. These test levels were set considerably
below the 755-ft. lbf (3358 N) kinetic energy level of the typical victim, since the impact
37
energy delivered to the glazing material - perhaps first by the hands, then by the head,
and then by the knees - is much less than the kinetic energy of the running (person).
Also, the impact will be at less than normal (90-degree) incident angle in most cases.
Figure A1: Human Engineering Data
Figure A1 was developed to assist ASC Z97 committee in establishing performance

criteria for safety glazing materials subject to human impact. It is based on the following
kinetic energy formula:
ke = 1/2mv2
where
ke = kinetic energy in foot pounds-force
m = mass of missile
= weight of missile in pounds/ (32.2 ft./s2)
v = velocity of missile in feet per second
Maximum impact energy equals the kinetic energy of the person in motion at the
moment of impact. Actual impact energy (that which the person delivers) is
considerably less, except perhaps in the case of a person falling on a non-vertical
surface.
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38
A4. Interpretation of Results (See section 5.1.4)
Within the scope of this standard, which has as its objective reducing the frequency and
severity of cutting and piercing injuries, it is evident that a material that does not break
under impact is safe from these types of injuries. Section 1.3.5 specifically identifies glass
types that are known to break in a manner not consistent with safety glazing as related
to this standard.
"Break safe" criteria were developed largely as a matter of judgment based on

observation of available glazing materials breaking under the test conditions. It is
intended that any material that meets any one of the criteria in section 5.1.4 be
considered safe within the scope of this standard.
To allow for practical interpretation of results, which admittedly may appear loosely
defined to the uninitiated, rather severe impact levels were selected. The safety experts
and the members of the original drafting committee who observed the many tests
conducted in developing the standard were confident that laboratory personnel will
quickly develop an ability to apply objective judgments using these criteria.
39 --`,,`,,,,,,``,`,```,,`,`,``,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
9 APPENDIX B
(This Appendix is not part of American National Standard Z97.1-2015, but is included for
information only.)
Table B1: Summary Table for Weathering and Subsequent Testing

Glazing Type
Laminated
Tempered
Organic
Glazing
Glazing
Glazing
Glazing
Coated
Plastic
Mirror
Glass
Test Section
EXTERIOR GLAZING APPLICATIONS

Natural Exposure18 5.4.1(1) X X X n/a
Accelerated Exposure1 5.4.1(2) X X X n/a
Tests after weathering (exterior)9
Visible Light Transmittance (VT) 5.4.2.(1)b[1] X X
Yellowness Index (YI) 5.4.2.(1)b[2] X X
Haze 5.4.2.(1)b[3] X X
Delta E 5.4.2.(1)b[4] X X
Adhesion 5.4.2.(2)a X
Tensile 5.4.2.(2)b X
Visual Assessment 5.4.2.(3) X
Charpy Impact 5.4.2.(4) X
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INTERIOR GLAZING APPLICATIONS ONLY
Accelerated Weathering 5.4.3(1) X X
Tests after weathering (interior)
Visible Light Transmittance (VT) 5.4.2.(1)b[1] X X
Yellowness Index (YI) 5.4.2.(1)b[2] X X
Haze 5.4.2.(1)b[3] X X
Delta E 5.4.2.(1)b[4] X X
Adhesion 5.4.2.(2)a X
Tensile 5.4.2.(2)b X
Visual Assessment 5.4.2.(3) X
Charpy Impact 5.4.2(4) X
Full Size Weathering 5.4.3(2) X
Impact after Weathering 5.4.3 (3) X
8 Natural or accelerated exposure is required. Although specimens may be evaluated by both types of
exposure, only one type is required for the determination of compliance to this standard.
9 In accordance with section 5.4.3, specimens passing the requirements of natural or accelerated exposure of
section 5.4.1, and subsequent testing , section 5.4.2, are deemed qualified for indoor applications without
further evaluation.
40
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41
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Introduction to ANSI
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Overview of the U.S. Standardization System
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43
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44
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Conformity Assessment, the term used to describe steps taken by both manufacturers
and independent third parties to determine fulfillment of standards requirements, also
remains a high priority for the Institute. ANSI’s program for accrediting third-party product
certification have experienced significant growth in recent years, and the Institute
continues its efforts to obtain worldwide acceptance of accredited certifications
performed in the U.S.
One of the best indicators of the strength of the U.S. system is the government’s extensive
reliance on, and use of, private sector voluntary standards. Pursuant to OMB Circular
A119, federal government agencies are required to use voluntary standards for
regulatory and procurement purposes when appropriate. State and local governments
and agencies have formally adopted thousands of voluntary standards produced by
ANSI, and the process appears to be accelerating.
45
In summary, ANSI continues to be fully involved in its support of the goals of U.S. and
global standardization and remains committed to enhancing of the quality of life for all
global citizens.
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46
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ANSI Z97.1 -2015

Approved by Accredited Standards Committee March 2015
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American

ANSI Z97.1-2015 National

ANSI Z97.1 – 2015

American National Standard

Glazing Industry Secretariat Committee

Approved by Accredited Standards Committee (ASC) Z97

American National Standards Institute, Inc.

Pursuant to License Agreement, no further reproductions authorized.

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

Pursuant to License Agreement, no further reproductions authorized.

Glazing Industry Secretariat Committee

Glazing Industry Secretariat Committee

American National Standards Institute

Copyright 2015 by Accredited Standards Committee (ASC) Z97

Printed in the United States of America

Pursuant to License Agreement, no further reproductions authorized.

CORRESPONDENCE WITH ASC Z97 COMMITTEE

Secretary, ASC Z97

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DISCLAIMER AND CONDITION OF USE

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Kevin Olah, Chair

Organization Represented Primary Member Alternate Member

Steering Committee ASC Z97

Kevin Olah, Chair

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ANSI Z97.1-2015 ........................................................................................................................... I

4 SPECIMENS TO BE TESTED .................................................................................................... 7

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FIGURE 1: IMPACT TEST STRUCTURE .........................................................................................................11

TABLE 1: GROUPING OF TESTS FOR SAFETY GLAZING MATERIALS ..................................................................... 7

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American National Standard for Safety Glazing Materials Used in Buildings

1 Scope, Purpose, and Limitations

1.3.1 Conformance of a material to this standard demonstrates minimum acceptable

1.3.2 Conformance of a material to this standard is not to be construed as an appraisal

1.3.4 A condition of conformance of a material to this standard is its uniform

1.3.5 Monolithic annealed glass, monolithic heat strengthened glass, monolithic

Pursuant to License Agreement, no further reproductions authorized.

ASTM1 C1036 Standard Specification for Flat Glass

1 ASTM, International. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA

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Pursuant to License Agreement, no further reproductions authorized.

Pursuant to License Agreement, no further reproductions authorized.

Table 1: Grouping of Tests for Safety Glazing Materials

4.1 Condition of Specimens

4.2 Thickness of Specimens

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4.3 Size Classification of Specimens

Limited Size (L) Appropriate to Manufacturer, Largest size commercially

4.4 Specimens for Impact Tests

4.5 Specimens for Thermal Test

4.6 Specimens for Weathering Tests

Pursuant to License Agreement, no further reproductions authorized.

qualification is desired (see section 4.4), shall be required. Specimens constructed of

4.6.1 Plastic Glazing Material

4.6.2 Laminated and Organic Coated Glazing

4.7 Specimens for Modulus and Hardness Tests

4.7.1 Specimens for Flexural Modulus