A

REPORT
ON
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF
ACADEMIC BLOCK (2X2 ROOMS)

Prepared By
DB Multi Engineering Consultant Pvt. Ltd.
Kupandole, Lalitpur, Nepal

Submitted To

NOV, 2020
 TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN

This report comprises the summary of the design of Pre School Building.
The report consists of the design procedure adopted, assumptions made
and input and output from the design and analysis. It is assumed that the
Client will completely follow the Structural Design specified in the form
of Design Drawings attached in the report.

The Designer will not be responsible if any alteration to the structural

system and configuration made by Client without consultation and
permission from the Designer.

The design calculations and derivations are limited to only a minimum to

let the concerned people know the methodology adopted. However, the
calculations may be provided to the Client or the concerned Authority
upon request.

……………………………….
NAME: Dr. Suman Narsingh Rajbhandari
NEC NO: 265 Civil “A”
(STRUCTURE ENGINEER)
Table of Contents

1 Introduction.......................................................................................................1
1.1 General................................................................................................................1
1.2 Salient Features...................................................................................................1
1.2.1 Project Information..........................................................................................1
1.2.2 Building Features.............................................................................................1
1.2.3 Site Condition..................................................................................................3
1.3 General................................................................................................................3
1.4 Codes and Standard used.....................................................................................5
1.5 Software Used.....................................................................................................5
2 Analysis..............................................................................................................5
2.1 Material properties..............................................................................................5
2.1.1 Concrete...........................................................................................................5
2.1.2 Reinforcement Steel........................................................................................6
2.2 Section Properties................................................................................................6
2.3 Loadings..............................................................................................................6
2.3.1 Load Cases.......................................................................................................7
2.3.2 Load Combination...........................................................................................7
2.4 Estimation of Load..............................................................................................9
2.4.1 Unit Weight (Dead Load)................................................................................9
2.4.2 Live Load.......................................................................................................11
2.4.3 Seismic Load.................................................................................................12
3 Analysis Output...............................................................................................13
3.1 Seismic Coefficient Method..............................................................................13
3.1.1 Base Shear Calculation..................................................................................14
3.2 Storey Drift........................................................................................................14
3.3 Modal time period and mass participation........................................................15
3.4 Center of mass and rigidity...............................................................................15
4 Force Diagram.................................................................................................15
4.1 Axial Force Diagram.........................................................................................16
4.2 Shear Force Diagram.........................................................................................16
4.3 Moment Diagram..............................................................................................17
4.4 Joint Reactions..................................................................................................17
5 Design of Structural Members (Sample Design)..........................................18
5.1 Design Input and Output...................................................................................18
5.1.1 Section Input Diagram...................................................................................18
5.2 Design of Slab...................................................................................................21
5.3 Design of Beam and Column............................................................................22
5.3.1 Sample Beam Design.....................................................................................22
5.3.2 Sample Column Design.................................................................................23
5.4 Staircase Design................................................................................................26
5.5 Strong Column Weak Beam..............................................................................29
5.6 Design of Footing (Critical Footing).................................................................32
References...................................................................................................................34
List of Figure

Figure 1: Plan of Building..............................................................................................2

Figure 2: X-Section of Building.....................................................................................2
Figure 3: 3D of Building................................................................................................4
Figure 4: Frame Load (Wall Load)..............................................................................10
Figure 5: Floor Finish Load (Dead Load) on First Floor.............................................11
Figure 6: Area Load (live load) First Floor..................................................................12
Figure 7: DL+LL - Axial Force diagram: Grid 2-2......................................................16
Figure 8: Envelope -Shear Force diagram: Grid 2-2....................................................16
Figure 9: Envelope -Moment diagram: Grid 2-2........................................................17
Figure 10: Section Input in Frame along Grid 2-2.......................................................18
Figure 11: Section Input In Frame Along grid B-B.....................................................18
Figure 12: Section Input In First Floor........................................................................19
Figure 13: Design Output in Frame along Grid B-B....................................................19
Figure 14: Design Output in Frame along Grid 2-2.....................................................20
Figure 15: Design Output in First Floor.......................................................................20
List of Table

Table 1: Load Cases.......................................................................................................7

Table 2: Load Combination............................................................................................8
Table 3: Unit Weight of Materials.................................................................................9
Table 4: Dead Load Calculation...................................................................................10
Table 5: Live Load.......................................................................................................11
Table 6: Mass Source for Seismic Load.......................................................................13
Table 7: Fundamental Time period..............................................................................13
Table 8: Base shear......................................................................................................14
Table 9: Storey Drift....................................................................................................14
1 Introduction
1.1 General
This report presents the structure analysis and design of Pre-school Building. The
building is Special Reinforced Concrete Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF) type of
building. It is designed to meet both strength and serviceability requirements when
subjected to gravity and earthquake loads.

The analysis and design has been based on IS codes that are in practice in Nepal. This
report consists of the design assumptions, design methodology, design inputs and
outputs, and sample design of structural members.

1.2 Salient Features

1.2.1 Project Information

Type of building : Academic Block

Location : ……………………
Ground Floor Area : 129.50 Sq.m

Total Floor Area : 258 Sq.m

1.2.2 Building Features

The building has some special features which are listed below:

Type of Buildings : Special RC Moment Resisting Frame Structure

Shape : Regular Rectangular Shape

Plinth level : As per architectural drawing

Roof floor Type : Accessible, Terrace

Walls : Brick walls (Exterior)

Footing Type : Isolated footings

Dimension : 13.85 m by 9.350 m

Storey Height : All floors- 3.0 m

Total Height : 9m

No of Storey : GF + 1 Storey + Stair Cover

1
 Figure 1: Plan of Building

Figure 2: X-Section of Building

2
1.2.3 Site Condition

Type of soil : Type III, Loose Soil as per IS-1893(Part 1):2002

Safe bearing pressure : 90 KN/m2(As Per Soil Test Report)

Seismic Zone Factor : 0.36 as per IS-1893(Part 1):2002

Analysis Technology and Methodology

1.3 General
After completion of Architectural design, the layout of columns and beams are
done without affecting the Architectural functions of building so far. Structure is
modeled using finite element method. A three-dimensional beam element
having 12 DOF with 6 DOFs at each node were used for modeling beams and
columns in the building, while 24DOFs shell element with 6 DOFs at each node
were used to model slab wall.

The structure is analyzed by the linear elastic theory to calculate internal actions
produced by anticipated design loads. The analysis is carried out using state of
art three dimensional structural analysis programs like Staad ProV8i, ETABS
2015. The design loads considered as per the relevant codes of practice comprise
dead load due to permanent structures, live load due to occupancy of the
structure and seismic load due to anticipated earthquake possible at the proposed
location. A number of load combinations are considered to obtain the maximum
values of design stresses.
Following considerations is made during modeling, analysis and design.

 The structures are Special Reinforced Concrete Moment Resisting

Frame (SMRF) type. Beams and columns are considered as the
structural load resisting elements. Although non-structural components
like wall plaster, infill walls, floor finishing etc has comes effects on
structural performance, they are considered only as loading.
 For all structural elements, M20 grade concrete are used.
 Centre-line dimensions are followed for modeling, analysis and design.
 Floor slabs are assumed to be rigid in their own plane. The slab action
has been modeled by rigid floor diaphragms. Slabs are also considered
in modeling. Slab is modeled as shell element.
 Beam and columns are modeled as frame elements.
 The main beams rest centrally on columns to avoid local eccentricity.
 Foundation is assumed to be fully rigid at the plinth level.
 The beam-column joint is not modeled in detail.
 Preliminary sizes of structural components are assumed by experience.

3
 Seismic loads were considered acting in the horizontal direction (along
either of the two orthogonal directions of building) and not along the
vertical direction, since it is not considered to be significant for design
of structural members suitable load combinations as suggested by IS
1893– 2002 are used.

Figure 3: 3D of Building

4
1.4 Codes and Standard used
For the structural analysis and design, the following codes and standard are
followed:

 IS 456- 2000Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete

 IS 875-1987 Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake)
for buildings and structures
 IS 1893-2002 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures,
 IS 13920-1993 Code of practice for ductile detailing of reinforced
concrete structures subjected to seismic forces
 NBC Nepal Building Code

1.5 Software Used

The following software is used for the structural analysis and design.

ETABS 2015 - For analysis and design of the structures

For structural modeling of the present building, ETABS software was used.
ETABS is a special purpose finite element analysis and design program
developed specifically for building systems. With ETABS, models are defined
logically floor-by-floor, column-by-column, bay-by-bay and wall-by-wall and not
as a stream of non-descript nodes and elements as in general purpose programs.
The software has very powerful numerical methods, design procedures and
international design codes, all working from a single comprehensive database. At
its core, it utilizes the same analysis engine as used by SAP2000.

Among others, ETABS can do model generation, seismic and wind load
generation, finite element-based linear and non-linear static and dynamic
analysis, concrete frame design (column and beam) and shear wall design.

2 Analysis
2.1 Material properties
2.1.1 Concrete
Column is designed for M20 grade of concrete. And all other components of
plain and reinforced concrete unless specified in design are M20 grade.

Modulus of Elasticity [Ec]= 5000 √fckN/mm2(Cl. 6.2.3.1, IS 456:2000)

= 22360 N/mm2for M20 grade

Poisson’s Ratio [U] = 0.2

5
 Unit Weight = 25 KN/m3

Characteristic Strength [ƒck] = 20 N/mm2for M20 grade

The structural design strength is derived from the characteristic strength

multiplied by a coefficient 0.67 and divided by the material partial safety
factor. The partial factor for concrete in flexure and axial load is 1.5.

2.1.2 Reinforcement Steel

Characteristic strength of high yield steel is taken as 500 MPa for main rebar
and 500 MPa shear rebar and material partial safety factor is to be1.15.

Modulus of Elasticity [Es] = 2x105 N/mm2

Poisson’s Ratio [U] = 0.3

2.2 Section Properties

 Preliminary Size of Members

The preliminary sizes of Beam, Column, and Slab were chosen based on
experience.

Main Beam : 300 mm x 400 mm

Secondary Beam: 230 mm x 300 mm

Column : 350mm x 350 mm

Slab Thickness : 125 mm

During the analysis, beam and column are modeled as frame elements whereas
slab loads are applied directly.

2.3 Loadings
The following considerations are made during the loading on the structural
model:

 The loads distributed over the area are imposed on the area element and
the loads distributed over the length are imposed on the frame elements
whenever possible.
 Where such loading is not possible, equivalent conversion to different
loading distribution is carried to load the model near the real case as far
as possible.

6
  For lateral load, necessary calculations are performed to comply with the
requirements of IS 1893-2002.

2.3.1 Load Cases

The following load cases are used for the loading during analysis.

Table 1: Load Cases

Load
Load Name Description Unit Remarks
Type
Dead Dead Self-weight of the structure KN/m2
LIVE Live Imposed Load <3 KN/m On floor slab
LIVE 2 Live Imposed Load >3 KN/m2 On floor slab
2
Roof Live Live Roof Live KN/m On floor slab
WALL LOAD Dead Partition Wall Load KN/m On floor beams
FINISHES Dead Floor Finish Load KN/m2 On floor slab
EQX Seismic Seismic Coefficient IS1893 X+0.05Y
EQY Seismic Seismic Coefficient IS1893 Y+0.05X

2.3.2 Load Combination

The load combinations are based on IS 1893 -2002. The following load
combinations are specified as per 1893 -2002:

Static Load Combination:

1.5(DL + LL)

Seismic Load Combination:

1.2(DL + LL ± EQ)

1.5(DL ± EQ)

0.9 DL ±1.5 EQ

1.2(DL + LL ± RS)

1.5(DL ± RS)

0.9 DL ±1.5 RSX

7
The following load combinations are used during analysis

Table 2: Load Combination

S.
Name Type
N
1 1.5(DL + LL) 1.5(DL + LL)
2 1.2(DL + LL+ EQx) 1.2(DL + LL+ EQx)
3 1.2(DL + LL - EQx) 1.2(DL + LL - EQx)
4 1.2(DL + LL + EQy) 1.2(DL + LL + EQy)
5 1.2(DL + LL - EQy) 1.2(DL + LL - EQy)
6 1.5(DL + EQx) 1.5(DL + EQx)
7 1.5(DL - EQx) 1.5(DL - EQx)
8 1.5(DL + EQy) 1.5(DL + EQy)
9 1.5(DL - EQy) 1.5(DL - EQy)
10 0.9DL + 1.5EQx 0.9DL + 1.5EQx
11 0.9DL - 1.5EQx 0.9DL - 1.5EQx
12 0.9DL + 1.5EQy 0.9DL + 1.5EQy
13 0.9DL - 1.5EQy 0.9DL - 1.5EQy
14 1.2(DL + LL+ RSx) 1.2(DL + LL+ RSx)
15 1.2(DL + LL - RSx) 1.2(DL + LL - RSx)
16 1.2(DL + LL + RSy) 1.2(DL + LL + RSy)
17 1.2(DL + LL - RSy) 1.2(DL + LL - RSy)
18 1.5(DL + RSx) 1.5(DL + RSx)
19 1.5(DL - RSx) 1.5(DL - RSx)
20 1.5(DL + RSy) 1.5(DL + RSy)
21 1.5(DL - RSy) 1.5(DL - RSy)
22 0.9DL + 1.5RSx 0.9DL + 1.5RSx
23 0.9DL - 1.5RSx 0.9DL - 1.5RSx
24 0.9DL + 1.5RSy 0.9DL + 1.5RSy
25 0.9DL - 1.5RSy 0.9DL - 1.5RSy

8
2.4 Estimation of Load
The loads on the building are based on Indian codes of Practices. The unit weight
of different structural and non-structural elements is derived from IS 875 Part 1
and presented in below.

The load calculations are based on actual measured drawings. The self-weight of
beams, columns and slabs are calculated by the program. Similarly, the imposed
loads are applied on the slab as area load in KN/m 2 and values of imposed loads
are tabulated below. The weight of infill walls is calculated and applied on beams
as line weight in KN/m.

 Partition wall load are assigned as uniformly distributed area load in slab as
area load in KN/m2.
 Floor finishing load are assigned as area load in slab.
 Single type of Live load is assigned in each panel of slab.
 A frame load is applied as parapet loading on the exterior frame of the roof
level.
 The roof is assumed accessible and loaded with roof live load as per Indian
Standard, IS 875 -1987(part2) but this load is not considered during seismic
load.

2.4.1 Unit Weight (Dead Load)

Dead loads for analysis are calculated as per Indian Standard, IS 875
-1987(part1). Unit weights of different material used are given below

Table 3: Unit Weight of Materials

S.N Type Value

1 Reinforced Concrete 25 KN/m3
2 Brick Masonry 16.5 KN/m3
3 Screed 21.0 KN/m3
4 Marble 26.7 KN/m3
5 Mosaic finish 23.1 KN/m3
6 Plaster 20.4 KN/m3
7 Steel Rebar 78.6 KN/m3

9
 Table 4: Dead Load Calculation

Unit Weights of
1 materials
Brick masonry 16.5 kN/m3
Screed 21 kN/m3
Mosaic 23.1 kN/m3
Marble 26.7 kN/m3
Reinforced Concrete 25 kN/m3
cement plaster 20.4 kN/m3

2 Heights of Beams, Walls & Parapet Walls

Depth of Beam 0.55 m

Height of Floor 3.3 m

Wall thickness 0.25 m

3 Dead Loads of Walls

Particular Heigh Thicknes Density Load Load with windows(70%
t s Calculate applied opening)
(Kn/m3 d
) (kn/m)
(kn/m)

For brick 3.35 0.23 19 15.91 16 11.2

wall

10
 Figure 4: Frame Load (Wall Load)

2.4.2 Live Load

The magnitude of live load depends upon the type of occupancy of the
building. These are to be chosen from code IS875:1987(part II) for various
occupancies. The live load distribution varies with time. Hence each member
is designed for worst combination of dead load and live loads. Live loads for
residential cum commercial building are given above.

Table 5: Live Load

S.N Area type Load Unit

1 Class Room 3 KN/m2
2 Terrace (Accessible) 1.5 KN/m2
3 Staircase and Passage 4 KN/m2
4 Kitchen/Washroom 2 KN/m2

2.4.3 Seismic Load

The seismic load is applied to the building with auto lateral load pattern in
ETABS 2013 as per IS 1893-2002. This load case is assumed static linear and
all the necessary data are given as per the following conditions.

To determine the seismic load, it is considered that the country lies in the
seismic zone V according to IS 1893:2002. The soil type is considered as soft
with 5% damping to determine average response acceleration. The building is
analyzed as moment resisting frame without consideration of infill wall.
Therefore the fundamental time period Tais obtained by using the following
formula:

Ta = 0.075 h0.75 [Cl.7.6.1, IS 1893 -2002] OR Ta= (0.09*h)/ (square

root of perpendicular direction)

Other factors considered for seismic load calculations are as follows

Zone factor, Z = 0.36 for Zone V [Table 2, Cl.6.4.2, IS 1893 -2002]

Importance factor, I = 1.5 [Table 6, Cl.6.4.2, IS 1893 -2002]

Response Reduction Factor = 5 for special RC moment resisting frame

(SMRF) [Table 7, Cl.6.4.2, IS 1893 -2002]

The seismic weight is determined based on the following mass source. (Table
6, Cl.7.3.1, IS 1893 (Part 1):2002

11
 Table 6: Mass Source for Seismic Load

S.N Load Type Scale Factor

1 Dead Load 1
2 Live Load <3 0.25
3 Live Load >3 0.50
4 Roof Live Load Nil

3 Analysis Output
The analysis results are discussed in this chapter. Both seismic coefficient and
response spectrum methods are used. The major discussion are focused on the
eccentricity, storey shear, inter storey drift, maximum displacement and base
shear along two orthogonal directions. The column and beam size and
reinforcement are the designed for the maximum response.

3.1 Seismic Coefficient Method

The fundamental time period of the building as per IS code 1893: 2002, clause
7.6.1, total seismic weight and base shear in both orthogonal directions are
given in Table 7. This result will be used to compare and scale the base shear
from response spectrum method.

Table 7: Fundamental Time period

Directio
Time period (sec)
n

X 0.44

Y 0.44

Based on program/software calculated seismic coefficient, base shear and

storey shear are as shown in the Table 8 and to calculate these parameters, the
following equation has been used as per code.
The coefficient is given by,

Z I S a 0.36 1.0 Sa
Ah = = x x
2 R g 2 5 g

And, base shear is given by,

V b =A h W
These values in both the orthogonal direction are tabulated in the Table
8below.

12
3.1.1 Base Shear Calculation
Table 8: Base shear
Load Case/Combo FX FY Scale Factor
  kN kN  
EQX 369.224 0  
EQY 0 369.224  
RSX Max 350 26.35 1.87
RSY Max 31.21 365 2.22

3.2 Storey Drift

As per Cl. no. 7.11.1 of IS 1893-2002, the storey drift in any storey due to
specified design lateral force with partial load factor of 1.0, shall not exceed
0.004 times the storey height. From the analysis the displacements of the mass
center of various floors are obtained and are shown in along with storey drift.

Table 9: Storey Drift

TABLE: Storey
Drifts      
Storey Load Case/Combo Item Drift
       
Storey3 EQX Max Drift X 0.00203
Storey3 EQY Max Drift Y 0.00197
Storey2 EQX Max Drift X 0.00243
Storey2 EQY Max Drift Y 0.00302
Storey1 EQX Max Drift X 0.00174
Storey1 EQY Max Drift Y 0.00206
It is seen that drift does not exceed the code prescribed value of 0.004 times
storey height Thus the drift check seems to comply with the safety value
mentioned in the code.

3.3 Modal time period and mass participation

IS 1893: 2002 clause 7.8.4.2 states that number of modes to be used in the
analysis should be such that the sum total of modal masses of all modes
considered is at least 90 percent of the total seismic mass of the structure.

Number of Modes Considered = 9

Modal Mass Participation along X = 100%

Modal Mass Participation along Y = 100%

TABLE: Modal Participating Mass

Ratios        

13
 Perio Sum Sum
Case Mode d UX UY
    sec    
Modal 1 0.571 0.2375 0.3453
Modal 2 0.542 0.8203 0.5687
Modal 3 0.449 0.8394 0.8583
Modal 4 0.199 0.9404 0.8611
Modal 5 0.186 0.9446 0.9393
Modal 6 0.155 0.948 0.9522
Modal 7 0.143 0.9633 0.9815
Modal 8 0.131 0.9971 0.9937
Modal 9 0.113 1 1

3.4 Center of mass and rigidity

TABLE: Centers of
Mass and Rigidity          
Storey Diaphragm XCCM YCCM XCR YCR
    m m m m
Storey1 D1 11.3918 4.9396 11.1343 3.9719
Storey2 D2 10.2968 4.8692 11.0222 4.0256
Storey3 D3 2.2582 4.4332 4.3914 3.9868

4 Force Diagram
The output of forces obtained from ETABS analysis for Envelope have
presented below as a sample only. The output forces are axial force, Shear force
and Moments.

14
4.1 Axial Force Diagram

Figure 5: DL+LL - Axial Force diagram: Grid 2-2

4.2 Shear Force Diagram

Figure 6: Envelope -Shear Force diagram: Grid 2-2

15
4.3 Moment Diagram

Figure 7: Envelope -Moment diagram: Grid 2-2

4.4 Joint Reactions

The reactions at the support of column for load combination of (DL + LL) are
as follows:

Story Joint Label Load Case/Combo FZ

      kN
Base 4 DL+LL 168.8654
Base 5 DL+LL 249.7018
Base 6 DL+LL 160.782
Base 7 DL+LL 278.5988
Base 8 DL+LL 438.4194
Base 9 DL+LL 291.7004
Base 10 DL+LL 269.4558
Base 11 DL+LL 429.1134
Base 12 DL+LL 291.4209
Base 13 DL+LL 160.7592
Base 14 DL+LL 241.2132
Base 15 DL+LL 161.0715

16
5 Design of Structural Members (Sample Design)
5.1 Design Input and Output
5.1.1 Section Input Diagram

Figure 8: Section Input in Frame along Grid 2-2

17
Figure 9: Section Input In Frame Along grid B-B

Figure 10: Section Input In First Floor

18
Design Output Diagram

Figure 11: Design Output in Frame along Grid B-B

19
Figure 12: Design Output in Frame along Grid 2-2

Figure 13: Design Output in First Floor

20
5.2 Design of Slab

5.2.1

21
5.3 Design of Beam and Column
5.3.1 Sample Beam Design
ETABS 2015 Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 Beam Section Design

Beam Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Length
Level Element Section ID Combo ID Station Loc LLRF
(mm)
M20B300X4
Storey2 B16 UDCon8 250 6300 1
00

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
350 550 350 0 45 45

Material Properties
Lt.Wt Factor
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
(Unitless)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Factored Forces and Moments

Factored Factored Factored Factored
Mu3 Tu Vu2 Pu
kN-m kN-m kN kN
-146.2283 24.6954 114.3169 0

Design Moments, Mu3 & Mt

22
 Factored Factored Positive Negative
Moment Mt Moment Moment
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
-146.2283 37.3543 0 -183.5827

Design Moment and Flexural Reinforcement for Moment, Mu3 & Tu

Design Design -Moment +Moment Minimum Required
-Moment +Moment Rebar Rebar Rebar Rebar
kN-m kN-m mm² mm² mm² mm²
Top (+2
-183.5827 972 0 972 413
Axis)
Bottom (-2
0 486 0 0 486
Axis)

Shear Force and Reinforcement for Shear, Vu2 & Tu

Shear Ve Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
148.152 87.6502 173.3949 69.6589 951.47

Torsion Force and Torsion Reinforcement for Torsion, Tu & VU2

Tu Vu Core b1 Core d1 Rebar Asvt /s
kN-m kN mm mm mm²/m
114.316
24.6954 280 480 773.16
9

**Note: Refer Structure Drawings for Details

5.3.2 Sample Column Design

ETABS 2015 Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 Column Section Design

23
 Column Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)
Length
Level Element Section ID Combo ID Station Loc LLRF
(mm)
M20C350X3
Storey1 C1 UDCon20 0 3900 0.797
50

Section Properties
Cover (Torsion)
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm)
(mm)
450 450 60 30

Material Properties
Lt.Wt Factor
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
(Unitless)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Design For Pu , Mu2 , Mu3

Rebar
Design Pu Design Mu2 Design Mu3 Minimum M2 Minimum M3 Rebar %
Area
kN kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m %
mm²
-254.015 381.0711 -122.4698 5.9355 5.9355 6178 2.47

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Factors

Initial Additional Minimum
K Factor Length
Moment Moment Moment
Unitless mm
kN-m kN-m kN-m
Major
0.796476 3350 -64.9945 0 5.9355
Bend(M3)
Minor
0.776786 3350 191.196 0 5.9355
Bend(M2)

Shear Design for Vu2 , Vu3

Shear Vu Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
Major, Vu2 42.5976 214.7174 88.0004 88.6307 554.22
Minor, Vu3 142.0405 214.7174 88.0004 88.9774 554.22

Joint Shear Check/Design

24
 Joint Shear Shear Shear Shear Joint Shear
Force VTop Vu,Tot Vc Area Ratio
kN kN kN kN cm² Unitless
Major Shear,
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Vu2
Minor Shear,
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Vu3

(1.1) Beam/Column Capacity Ratio

Major Minor
Ratio Ratio
N/A N/A

Additional Moment Reduction Factor k (IS 39.7.1.1)

Ag Asc Puz Pb Pu k
cm² cm² kN kN kN Unitless
4566.812 1169.333 -
2500 61.8 1
6 2 254.015

Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1)

Section KL/Dept KL/Dept Ma
Consider Length KL/Depth
Depth h h Moment (kN-
Ma Factor Exceeded
(mm) Ratio Limit m)
Major Bending
Yes 0.859 500 5.336 12 No 0
(M3 )
Minor Bending
Yes 0.859 500 5.204 12 No 0
(M2 )

Notes:
N/A: Not Applicable
N/C: Not Calculated
N/N: Not Needed
**Note: Refer Structure Drawings for Details

25
5.4 Staircase Design

Concrete Cover 0.02 m

Effective Depth of Slab
under the staircase 0.13 m
Effective Depth of Slab for
Treader length 0.3 m Landing 0.13 m
0.15 Overall Depth of Slab
Riser Length 3 m under the staircase 0.15 m
Number of Overall Depth of Slab for
Treads 6 Landing 0.15 m
Number of
Risers 7
0.33
Inclined Length 6763 m

Concrete Characteristic M
Strength 20 Pa
Width of M
Landing A, l1 1.5 m Tensile strength of Steel 500 Pa
Width of 0.4560
Landing B, l2 1.47 m x/d 90652
Projected
Length of Required Effective Depth 105.98 m
Flights, l2 1.8 m for Flight 96574 m
Projected
Height of 1.07
Flights,h 1 m

2.8369
b1 0.23 m A 02648
-
56521.
b2 3.96 m B 73913
115079
b3 2.13 m C 811.9
m
2302.0 m
b4 2.2 m Area of Steel 0217 2
b5 0.23 m
Check for Shear
Percent Tension 0.5749 M
Reinforcement 25617 Pa
Thickness of Permissible Shear Stress in 0.3249 M
Floor Finish 0.05 m Concrete for one way 85123 Pa

26
Density of kN/
Concrete 25 m3
density of Floor kN/ 0.1931 M Sa
Finish 20 m3 Maximum Shear Stress 0686 Pa fe
m
Diameter of Rebar 16 m
269.01 m
Dead Load of Flights Spacing 39705 m
0.57
Step Section 375 kN
1.26 Development Length
Inclined Slab 2859 kN Check
0.45 M
Finish 3 kN Design Bond Stress 1.2 pa
Total Dead Load 2.28 m
per flight 9609 kN Ld 906.25 m
Total per m2 on 7.63 kN/ 1488.3 m
plan 2032 m2 M1/V 57883 m
Live Load per kN/
m2 on Plan 4 m2
11.6 kN/
Total Load 3203 m2
17.4 kN/
Factored Load 4805 m2
Load for
assumed slab 53.7 kN/
width 3999 m2

m
Distribution Steel m
Requirements 480.48 2
Diameter of Transverse m
Landing A Rebar 10 m
Self Weight of kN/ 503.46 m
Slab 3.75 m2 Spacing 03612 m
kN/
Finish 1 m2
kN/
Live Load 4 m2
kN/
Total Load 8.75 m2 Landing Slab Design
13.1 kN/ 154.63
Factored Load 25 m2 Load 99737 kN
Load for
assumed slab 19.6 kN/
width 875 m2 L 8.52 m
B 1.5 m

27
 Maximum Bending 164.69 kN Sa
Moment 1572 m fe

Depth check
Effective depth required 181.68 m
for Landing Slab, d 9292 m
Landing B
Self Weight of kN/ 5.8251
Slab 3.75 m2 A 0677
-
kN/ 56521.
Finish 1 m2 B 73913
kN/ 164691
Live Load 4 m2 C 572
m
kN/ m
Total Load 8.75 m2 Area of Steel #NUM! 2
13.1 kN/
Factored Load 25 m2
Load for
assumed slab 19.2 kN/ m
width 9375 m2 Diameter of Rebar 8 m

77.3
Ra 1999 kN
77.3
Rb 0505 kN Shear Check
77.319
Load 98686 kN
SFD
77.3
0 1999 kN
47.7
1.5 8874 kN
0.3965 M Sa
2.389258 0 kN Shear Stress 12753 pa fe
-
48.9
3.3 432 kN
- m
77.3 m
4.77 051 kN Transverse Reinforcement 234 2
Diameter of Transverse m
Rebar 8 m
322.21 m
BMD Spacing 46311 m

28
 kN
0 0 m
93.8 kN
1.5 3154 m
115. kN
2.389258 0798 m
92.7 kN
3.3 9249 m
kN
4.77 0 m

Max Bending 115. kN

Moment 0798 m

5.5 Strong Column Weak Beam

1. Ground Floor Column (C3 C1)

UPPER COLUMN

Material Characteristics:

Concrete Grade: M20

Steel Grade Fe: 500

Section Characteristics:

Size of column = 600*600 mm2

Effective Cover (d') = 40 mm

d'
D = 0.06 ≈ 0.1 for all Column

, Pu =1411 KN

Reinforcement Provided= 16no 25 mm

Area of steel in column=7853.98 mm2

Therefore, percentage reinforcement (pt) = 2.18%

Then,

29
 pu
=
f ck 0.11

Pu
f ck ∗b∗D = 0.196

Mu
2
From chart f ck ∗b∗D = 0.18 ,chart (48) ,

M uv= 777.6 KN-M

Then,

LOWER COLUMN

Pu = 1780 KN

Reinforcement Provided= 16 no 25 mm dia,

Area of steel in column=7853.98 mm2

Therefore, percentage reinforcement (pt) = 2.18%

pu
=
f ck 0.11

Pu
f ck ∗b∗D = 0.247

Mu

From chart f ck ∗b∗D2 = 0.17 chart (48) ,

M uv=734.4KN-M

TOTAL MOMENT=(777.6+734.4)KN-M=1512KN-m

30
 Beam of ground floor

Left beam
Concrete Grade = M20 (fck = 20 N/mm2)

Steel Grade = Fe500 (fy = 500 N/mm2)

Width of Beam (bw) = 300 mm

Overall depth (D) = 550mm

Effective cover (d’) = 25 mm

Effective depth (d) = 490 mm

Limiting moment capacity of the Rectangular Beam

Mu,lim = 0.133fckbd2 (for Fe500)

Balanced Depth of Neutral Axis

(Xu,lim) = 0.46d = 0.46*490= 225.4 mm

For compressive steel

Area of steel at compression zone=1885mm2

Number of reinforcement 6@20mm

Moment = 213KN-M

Right beam
Width of Beam (bw) = 300 mm

Overall depth (D) = 550mm

Mu,lim = 0.133fckbd2 (for Fe500)

31
Balanced Depth of Neutral Axis

(Xu,lim) = 0.46d = 0.46*490= 225.4mm

For compressive steel

Area of steel at compression zone=1885mm

Moment = 213 KN-M

Number of reinforcement 6@20mm

Total moment=(213+213)KN-M=426 KN-M

Check for strong column weak beam

total columnmoment 1512
Ratio of total beam moment = 426 =3.55>1.2 ok

5.6 Design of Footing (Critical Footing)

Column size 450 450  
fck 20 Mpa  
steel grade fy 500 Mpa  
Load 800 KN  
Self weight 80 KN  
Total Load 880 KN  
Soil Bearing capacity 90 KN/m^2  
Therefore, Area of footing 9.78 m2  
Size of Footing L B  
3.126
  3.1269 9  
Provide Size 3.2 3.2 m
3,200.0 m
Adopted Size 3,200.00 0 m
       
Now,      
Soil reaction for factored load qu 117.2 KNm^2  
  0.12 N/mm^2  
       
       
Depth of Footing      
Vu= (qu*B)*((B-b/2)-d)    
Assuming 0.2% steel for M20
 
concrete    
Tc 0.32 N/mm^2  
32
        
Minimum Depth required (d) = 368.58    
Adopted Depth (d) 400    
       
Check for bending      
For
Mulim 0.138*fck*b*d^2 Fe415  
Therfore, Mulim 1,413,120,000.00 N-mm  
       
       
(qu*B)*((B-
 
Now, Mu = b)^2)/8)  
  354499750 N-mm  
       
  Depth provided is    
  sufficient    
       
Check for two way shear      
       
Perimeter of critical section 4(b+d)    
  3400 mm  
       
Area of critical section 1360000 mm^2  
       
Therefore, two way shear stress = 0.820 N/mm^2  
       
Maximum shear permitted 0,25*sqrt(fck)    
  1.118 N/mm^2  
       
       
  Depth also    
  sufficient for two    
  way shear    
       
Now calculation of reinforcement      
       
Mu= (0.87*fy*Ast*d*(1    
-(Ast/
 
  (bd))*(fy/fck))  
       
       
Area of steel 2,125.60    
  49074.39946    
Now final area of steel 2,125.60    
       
Spacing of bars required 170.263164    
  150 mm  
Diameter (mm) 12    

33
 Adopted Total depth 450 mm    
Length and breadth of Footing 3.2 m    
Adopted Bars 12 15 C/
@
0 C

References
[1]IS 456- 2000 Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete

[2]IS 875-1987 Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for
buildings and structures

[3]IS 1893-2002 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures,

[4]IS 13920-1993 Code of practice for ductile detailing of reinforced concrete

[5]structures subjected to seismic forces

[6]NBC Nepal Building Code

[7]Design of Reinforced Concrete Structure – A.K. Jain

[8]Limit State Design of Substructure- Swamisharan

[9]ETABS manual V 13

34