Experiment I Introduction To Computer Numerical Control I: Page

EXPERIMENT I
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL I
Aim: Know the basic functions of a machine tool, concept of numerical control, historical development, definition,
advantages of CNC machine tools
Computer-aided Manufacturing (CAM) is the term used to describe the use of computerized systems to
control the operations at a manufacturing plant. These computerized systems assist manufacturers in various
operations such as planning, transportation, management, and storage. CAM helps manufacturers improve their
time to market capabilities, and create precise dimensions.
The History of Computer Numerical Control (CNC)
Computer numerical control is a modern concept in the manufacturing and production industries.
However, the concept of CNC harkens back to the basic idea of NC, or numerical control.
The idea of numerical control started when the automation of machine tools originally incorporated specific
concepts of programmable logic. In the beginning, the first NC machines were built back in the 1940s. Slightly
more advanced machines came along in the 1950s. These manufacturing machines were constructed based on
existing tools that were modified with motors designed to move the controls of the machine. These controls followed
specific points that were fed into the machine on punched tape. These early mechanisms were soon improved with
both analog and digital computers. The introduction of computer technology into the concept of numerical control
led to what we now know as computer numerical control.
Brief Introduction to Computer-aided Manufacturing
As a process, CAM is used after Computer-aided Design (CAD) or Computer-aided Engineering (CAE).
The model designed using CAD is sometimes used as the CAM input. This is why it is referred as CAD-CAM. The
functions of this combination are divided into two main categories:
Manufacturing Planning: In this process, the computer delivers information for production planning as well as
management. This may include:
• Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP)
• Computer Assisted NC Part Programming
• Computerized Machinability Data System
• Work Standards Development
• Inventory and Production Planning
Manufacturing Control: In the process, the computer is used to manage and control the physical operations of
the manufacturing plant. These may include:
• Shop Floor Controlling
• Process Monitoring and Controlling
• Inventory Controlling
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• Production Delivery Controlling
Benefits of CAD-CAM in Manufacturing

Today, every manufacturing plant uses at least a type of CAD-CAM system to control
their operations.
Here are the various advantages they can avail by using these software applications.
Improves Machining Capabilities: By using a CAD-CAM system, manufacturers can
improve their machining capabilities. For example, when a manufacturer takes up a complex
3-axis machining task, they rely on the combination software to create a tool path for
machining projects such as molding. The CAM system automates the process, and makes it
easier for manufacturers to complete the project in time.
Improves Client Accessibility: The CAD-CAM software allows manufacturers to receive
CAD files from their customers. After receiving these files, they can set up the machining
tool path, and perform simulations, which help them calculate the machining cycle times.
The software allows manufacturers to minimize errors, execute projects easily, and deliver
products to the market within a shorter turnaround time.
Improve Productivity of CNC Machines: Most CAM-CAD systems provide high–speed
machine tool paths, which help manufacturers minimize their cycle times, reduce tool and
machine wear. High-speed tool paths enable manufacturers to improve their cutting quality
and accuracy. This type of high- speed machining helps improve the productivity of the CNC
machine by more than 50%.
Reduce Material Wastage: As CAM–CAD software feature simulation features, it helps a
manufacturer to visually inspect the process of machining. This allows him to capture tool
gouges, and collisions at an early phase. This feature contributes to the overall productivity
of a manufacturing set up. This also helps them eliminate mistakes, as well as reduce material
wastage.
Viva Questions:
1. What is CAM? Explain.
2. What are the advantages of CAM?
3. What is the role of CAM in mass production?
4. What is NC machine? Explain the programming methods in NC machine?
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EXPERIMENT I

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL I

Benefits of CAD-CAM in Manufacturing

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