Priya Ranjan - 4169363 - Essay Sdgs

CSIR SRTP 2020
Priya Ranjan (Application No.- 4169363), Project-7

Sustainable Development Goals ( SDG )
Introduction
1. In September 2019, Heads of State and Government came together at the Sustainable
Development Goals Summit to renew their determination to implement the 2030 Agenda for
Sustainable Development.
2. In the present report, the urgency of such efforts is underscored. Drawing on the latest data, it
illustrates the continued unevenness of progress and the many areas in which significant
improvement is required.
3. Perhaps even more concerning, however, are the impacts and implications of the coronavirus
disease (COVID-19) pandemic on all 17 Goals, which are highlighted in the present report. What
began as a health crisis has quickly become the worst human and economic crisis in a lifetime.
4. The poorest and the most vulnerable, including women, children, older persons, persons with
disabilities, migrants and refugees and informal sector workers, are being affected
disproportionately by the pandemic.
7 AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY
To ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all is one of the seventeen
sustainable development goals, Affordable and clean energy is the seventh of this.
A well-established energy system supports all sectors: from businesses, medicine and education to
agriculture, infrastructure, communications and high-technology. Access to electricity in poorer countries
has begun to accelerate, energy efficiency continues to improve, and renewable energy is making
impressive gains. Nevertheless, more focused attention is needed to improve access to clean and safe
cooking fuels and technologies for 3 billion people.
For many decades, fossil fuels such as coal, oil or gas have been major sources of electricity production,
but burning carbon fuels produces large amounts of greenhouse gases which cause climate change and
have harmful impacts on people’s well-being and the environment. This affects everyone, not just a few.
Moreover, global electricity use is rising rapidly. In a nutshell, without a stable electricity supply,
countries will not be able to power their economies.
The world is making good progress on increasing access to electricity and improving energy
efficiency. However, millions of people throughout the world still lack such access, and progress
on facilitating access to clean cooking fuels and technologies is too slow. The pandemic has
highlighted the need for reliable and affordable electricity in health centres. In addition, a survey
conducted in selected developing countries revealed that one quarter of the health facilities surveyed were
not electrified, and another quarter had unscheduled outages, affecting their capacity to deliver essential
health services. Such deficiencies weaken the health system’s response to the current health crisis.
Nearly 9 out of 10 people now have access to electricity, but reaching the unserved will require increased
efforts. In sub-Saharan Africa, an estimated 573 million people still lacked access to electricity. Without
electricity, women and girls have to spend hours fetching water, clinics cannot store vaccines for children,
many school children cannot do homework at night, and people cannot run competitive businesses. The
health and well-being of some 3 billion people are adversely impacted by the lack of clean cooking fuels,
such as wood, char-coal, dung and coal, which causes indoor air pollution.
The world needs to triple its investment in sustainable energy infrastructure per year, from around $400
billion now to $1.25 trillion by 2030. Regions with the greatest energy deficits sub-Saharan Africa and
South Asia need our help to improve energy access. That includes pushing harder to find clean, efficient,
and affordable alternatives to health-damaging cook stoves.
Access to clean cooking fuels and technologies increased to 63 per cent in 2018, from 60 per cent in 2015
and 56 per cent in 2010. Still, 2.8 billion persons lacked such access and relied primarily on inefficient
and polluting cooking systems. Because of the stagnant rate and rapid population growth, in sub-Saharan
Africa, the number of people without access to clean fuels for cooking increased.
The renewable energy share of total final energy consumption gradually increased, from 16.3 per cent in
2010 to 17.0 per cent in 2015 and 17.3 per cent in 2017. Much faster growth is required to meet long-term
climate goals.
Global primary energy intensity (the energy used per unit of GDP) improved by 2.2 per cent annually,
from 5.2 per cent in 2015 to 5.0 per cent in 2017, but was still short of the 2.7 per cent annual rate needed
to reach target 7.3.
International financial flows to developing countries in support of clean and renewable energy reached
$21.4 billion in 2017, 13 per cent higher than in 2016 and a twofold increase from flows committed in
2010. Hydropower projects received 46 per cent of 2017 flows, while solar projects received 19 per cent,
wind 7 per cent and geothermal 6 per cent.
Countries can accelerate the transition to an affordable, reliable, and sustainable energy system by
investing in renewable energy resources, prioritizing energy efficient practices, and adopting clean energy
technologies and infrastructure. Businesses can maintain and protect ecosystems to be able to use and
further develop hydropower sources of electricity and bioenergy, and commit to sourcing 100% of
operational electricity needs from renewable sources.
“The clean energy future isn’t just possible and desirable – it’s essential.”

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CSIR SRTP 2020

Priya Ranjan (Application No.- 4169363), Project-7

7 AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY

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