Tailwind CSS Crash Course

Companion document for the Scrimba Interactive Course

presented by
Tailwind CSS Crash Course
Presented by Scrimba & Coder's Tape
A note from the instructor

Welcome to the Scrimba Tailwind CSS Crash Course! Firstly, I want to thank you for joining in and learning
Tailwind in Scrimba's awesome platform. e purpose of this document is to help you learn all of the utility
classes and serve as a guide during the course and beyond. We will start with the basics and build our
knowledge one step at a time. Let's get started!

— Victor Gonzalez, course instructor

Coder's Tape
During this course we will be exploring the features of Tailwind CSS. As a quick recap, Tailwind is a utility- rst
framework designed to speed up the design process by completely removing the need for CSS. In the past, every
HTML element would get a single class and that class would contain a lot of custom CSS in a separate CSS le.
ough this is still the general practice, this practice leads to huge CSS les, reduces the ease of maintaining CSS
and yields overall poorer developer experience.
Another advantage of a utility framework is its superior performance with caching due to not busting the cache
for small CSS changes. Tailwind has been designed with incredible sensible defaults to make your designs look
and feel "polished" and "designed" through the careful use of color palettes, color shades, sizing consistency and
modern web best-practices. It's also worth noting, that Tailwind is mobile- rst and has an easy naming
convention with responsive designs built-in.
Need some customizations? Tailwind's robust customization system will allow you to customize/tweak/modify
everything in the framework through the use of the tailwind.config.js le. e customizations of
Tailwind are beyond the scope of this course but rest assured that the default Tailwind classes are almost always
exactly what you will need.

Advantages of Tailwind CSS

No need for huge CSS les with custom CSS
Easy to make design changes right from the view les
Better developer experience
Mobile- rst designs from the start
Designed with defaults for a polished and designed look and feel
Easily customizable with the con g le
 Table of Content

E01 E11
Welcome Display Modes
E02 E12
Background classes & shades Flexbox
E03 E13
Element sizing is achieved using the Challenge 4 - Block Gallery
w- and h- classes.
E14
Tailwind's Numbering System Responsive Design
Sizing with w-* and h-* classes
E15
E04 Hover Modi er
Challenge 1 - Shades of Blue
E16
E05 Focus Modi er
Padding and margins with p-* , m-* ,
py-* and my-* E17
Combination Modi ers
E06
Styling Text with utility classes Part 1 E18
Other Utilities
E07
Styling Text with utility classes Part 2 E19
Challenge 5 - Input Component
E08
Challenge 2 - Text Styling E20
Challenge 6 - Employee Card
E09
Borders E21
Final Course Project - Landing Page
E10
Challenge 3 - Button Challenge
E01
Welcome
No notes here.
E02
Background classes & shades
is set of classes change the background color of an element using a scale of 100-900 for shades and a palette of
over 90 shades.
.bg-*-{100-900} {}

black, white, gray, red, orange,

yellow, green, teal, indigo, blue,
purple, pink
E03
Element sizing is achieved using the w- and h- classes.
All of the numbers in Tailwind are based around the rem unit of measurement. 1 rem is equal to the size
of the base font of the document. As an example, if the base font size is 16px then 1 rem is equal to
16px and we can deduce that 1.25 rem is equal to 20px . To help with these fractional numbers,
Tailwind's numbered classes are multiplied by 4 to avoid having numbers with decimal places.

Tailwind's Numbering System

Assuming the base font size of the document is 16px

Pixels rem Tailwind

0px 0 rem 0
4px 0.25 rem 1
8px 0.5 rem 2
12px 0.75 rem 3
16px 1 rem 4
20px 1.25 rem 5
24px 1.5 rem 6
32px 2 rem 8
40px 2.5 rem 10

Continues to all of the available default sizes 12, 16, 20, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64,

Sizing with w-* and h-* classes

.w-* {}
.h-* {}

Available sizes in REM

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12,
16, 20, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64,

Sizing in percentages
1/2... 1/{3, 4, 5, 6, 12)

Sizing utilities
screen, full
E04
Challenge 1 - Shades of Blue
Solution
<body class="bg-gray-200">

<div class="w-5 h-6 bg-blue-100">Text</div>

<div class="w-5 h-6 bg-blue-200">Text</div>
<div class="w-5 h-6 bg-blue-300">Text</div>
<div class="w-5 h-6 bg-blue-400">Text</div>
<div class="w-5 h-6 bg-blue-500">Text</div>
<div class="w-5 h-6 bg-blue-600">Text</div>
<div class="w-5 h-6 bg-blue-700">Text</div>
<div class="w-5 h-6 bg-blue-800">Text</div>
<div class="w-5 h-6 bg-blue-900">Text</div>

</body>
E05
Padding and margins with p-* , m-* , py-* and my-*

ese classes add padding and margin to an element using the Tailwind numbering system.
.p-* {}
.m-* {}

.p{x, y}-* {}
.m{x, y}-* {}
E06
Styling Text with utility classes Part 1
Font styling is a huge part of any design and Tailwind has plenty of classes that we can use to style the text on our
apps. It even includes utility classes for transformations like uppercase.
// Fonts
.font-sans {} // Helvetica or similar
.font-serif {} // Times New Roman or similar
.font-mono {} // Monospace or similar

// Sizing
.text-xs {} // .75rem;
.text-sm {} // .875rem;
.text-base {} // 1rem;
.text-lg {} // 1.125rem;
.text-xl {} // 1.25rem;
.text-2xl {} // 1.5rem;
.text-3xl {} // 1.875rem;
.text-4xl {} // 2.25rem;
.text-5xl {} // 3rem;
.text-6xl {} // 4rem;

// Text Align
.text-left {}
.text-center {}
.text-right {}
.text-justify {}

// Text Color
.text-{color}-{shade (100-900)} {}
E07
Styling Text with utility classes Part 2
In part 2, we continue to explore the available classes in Tailwind CSS.
// Styling
.italic {}
.not-italic {}

// Font Weight (Bold)

.font-hairline {} // 100
.font-thin {} // 200
.font-light {} // 300
.font-normal {} // 400
.font-medium {} // 500
.font-semibold {} // 600
.font-bold {} // 700
.font-extrabold {} // 800
.font-black {} // 900

// Letter Spacing
.tracking-tighter {} // -0.05em
.tracking-tight {} // -0.025em
.tracking-normal {} // 0
.tracking-wide {} // 0.025em
.tracking-wider {} // 0.05em
.tracking-widest {} // 0.1em

// Line Height/Spacing
.leading-none {} // 1
.leading-tight {} // 1.25
.leading-snug {} // 1.375
.leading-normal {} // 1.5
.leading-relaxed {} // 1.625
.leading-loose {} // 2

// Text Decorations
.underline {}
.line-through {}
.no-underline {}

// Text Transform
.uppercase {}
.lowercase {}
.capitalize {}
.normal-case {}
E08
Challenge 2 - Text Styling
Solution
<body>
<!-- Title case heading 1 text in dark gray -->
<h1 class="capitalize text-xl text-gray-900">
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur.
</h1>

<!-- Paragraph styling with 1.5 line heights & letter spacing -->
<p class="mt-3 leading-loose tracking-wide">
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet... [trucated]
</p>

<!-- Treated like a quote with a background and plenty of padding. Italic title -->
<div class="m-2 p-6 bg-blue-900 text-blue-200">
<p>
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet... [truncated]
</p>
<p class="mt-3 text-gray-400">- Victor Gonzalez,
<span class="italic">instructor</span>
</p>
</div>

<!-- Call to action button, blue with good padding and uppercase -->
<button class="uppercase bg-blue-500 text-blue-100 px-4 py-3">Enroll Now</button>
</body>
E09
Borders
ese classes will color, stylize and add radius to any border or corners.
.border {} // 1px
.border-0 {} // 0
.border-2 {} // 2px
.border-4 {} // 4px
.border-8 {} // 8px

// Modifiers
.border-{t, b, l, f}-*

// Colors
.border-{color}-{shade (100-900)}

// Border Style
.border-solid {}
.border-dashed {}
.border-dotted {}
.border-double {}
.border-none {}

// Border Radius
.rounded-none {} // 0
.rounded-sm {} // .125rem
.rounded {} // .25rem
.rounded-lg {} // .5rem
.rounded-full {} // 9999px
E10
Challenge 3 - Button Challenge
Solution
<body>
<!-- blue background, rounded, thick left border -->
<div><button class="m-4 bg-blue-800 py-2 px-4 text-gray-400
text-sm rounded-lg border-l-8 border-blue-700">Submit</button></div>

<!-- Red text, outlined -->

<div><button class="m-4 border-2 border-red-500 text-red-500
rounded px-3 py-1">Cancel</button></div>

<!-- light Indigo background, bottom border, indigo text -->

<div><button class="m-4 bg-indigo-200 border-b-4 border-t-4
border-indigo-800 px-4 py-1">Save</button></div>

<!-- Thick rounded, lots of padding, large button -->

<div><button class="m-4 rounded-full border-4 px-16 py-3
uppercase font-bold text-sm bg-orange-600
border-orange-800">Buy Now</button></div>

<!-- Outlined, serif font, uppercase, rounded -->

<div><button class="m-4 border font-serif text-xs uppercase
rounded-lg p-2">Send Postcard</button></div>
</body>
E11
Display Modes
Most items are display block by default but that can easily be changed with the available display classes.
.block {} // block
.inline-block {} // inline-block
.inline {} // inline
.flex {} // flex
.inline-flex {} // inline-flex
.table {} // table
.table-row {} // table-row
.table-cell {} // table-cell
.hidden {} // none
E12
Flexbox
Tailwind uses Flexbox for the layout of items on the document. Flexbox is a css display property that de nes a ex
container. Once a container has been assigned as a ex container, we can use all of the alignment utility classes to
achieve the desired look.
.flex {}

// Default direction - horizontal alignment

.justify-start {}
.justify-center {}
.justify-end {}
.justify-between {}
.justify-around {}

// Default direction - vertical alignment

.items-stretch {}
.items-start {}
.items-center {}
.items-end {}
.items-baseline {}

// Flex Direction
.flex-row {}
.flex-row-reverse {}
.flex-col {}
.flex-col-reverse {}

// Wrapping
.flex-no-wrap {}
.flex-wrap {}
.flex-wrap-reverse {}
E13
Challenge 4 - Block Gallery
Solution
<body>
<!-- Must take up all of the available space -->
<!-- Evenly distributed 3x3 grid -->
<!-- Letters must be centered on the square -->
<!-- Must have some spacing between the blocks -->
<div class="h-screen flex flex-wrap">
<div class="flex w-1/3 h-1/3">
<div class="bg-teal-100 m-2 w-full flex justify-center items-center">A</div>
</div>
<div class="flex w-1/3 h-1/3">
<div class="bg-teal-200 m-2 w-full flex justify-center items-center">B</div>
</div>
<div class="flex w-1/3 h-1/3">
<div class="bg-teal-300 m-2 w-full flex justify-center items-center">C</div>
</div>
<div class="flex w-1/3 h-1/3">
<div class="bg-teal-400 m-2 w-full flex justify-center items-center">D</div>
</div>
<div class="flex w-1/3 h-1/3">
<div class="bg-teal-500 m-2 w-full flex justify-center items-center">E</div>
</div>
<div class="flex w-1/3 h-1/3">
<div class="bg-teal-600 m-2 w-full flex justify-center items-center">F</div>
</div>
<div class="flex w-1/3 h-1/3">
<div class="bg-teal-700 m-2 w-full flex justify-center items-center">G</div>
</div>
<div class="flex w-1/3 h-1/3">
<div class="bg-teal-800 m-2 w-full flex justify-center items-center">H</div>
</div>
<div class="flex w-1/3 h-1/3">
<div class="bg-teal-900 m-2 w-full flex justify-center items-center">I</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
E14
Responsive Design
All modern applications should be able to responsively t into the screen size. Tailwind is a mobile- rst
framework, meaning that all of the classes that we have talked about thus far, are for mobile and trickle up to
desktop. But we can change this with a couple of modi ers.
// Default breakpoints
[all] // 0px
.sm: // 640px
.md: // 768px
.lg: // 1024px
.xl: // 1280px

// Default responsive classes

.sm:bg-* {} // background color
.sm:w-* {} // width
.sm:h-* {} // height
.sm:p-* {} // padding
.sm:m-* {} // margin
.sm:font-sans {} // font family - sans, serif, mono
.sm:text-lg {} // font size - xs, sm, base, lg, xl, {2-6}xl
.sm:text-left {} // left, center, right, justify
.sm:text-{color}-{shade (100-900)} {} // text color
.sm:font-bold {} // font weight
.sm:tracking-tighter {} // letter spacing
.sm:leading-tight {} // line spacing/height
.sm:uppercase {} // text transform
.sm:border-{color}-{shade (100-900)} // border color
.sm:border-{style} {} // border style
.sm:border-{width} {} // border width
.sm:rounded-{size} {} // border radius
.sm:{display} {} // block, inline, flex, table, hidden...
.sm:flex {} // display flex
.sm:flex-{col|row} {} // flex direction
E15
Hover Modi er
We can tap into the built-in hover state in CSS using the hover: modi er along with any of the default classes
to achieve interactive designs.
// Default responsive classes
.hover:bg-* {} // background color
.hover:text-{color}-{shade (100-900)} {} // text color
.hover:font-bold {} // font weight
.hover:border-{color}-{shade (100-900)} // border color
E16
Focus Modi er
Adding a focus state is simple using the focus: modi er along with any of the default classes provided by
Tailwind CSS.
// Default responsive classes
.focus:bg-* {} // background color
.focus:text-{color}-{shade (100-900)} {} // text color
.focus:font-bold {} // font weight
.focus:border-{color}-{shade (100-900)} // border color
E17
Combination Modi ers
Sometimes, the design may require 2 modi ers at the same time. For example, you may need to change the
hover state for a background color but only in md: size. Let's explore how to achieve this.

.md:hover:bg-{color}-{shade (100-900)} {} // hover background color

.md:focus:bg-{color}-{shade (100-900)} {} // focus background color
.md:hover:text-{color}-{shade (100-900)} {} // hover text color
.md:focus:text-{color}-{shade (100-900)} {} // focus text color
E18
Other Utilities
ere are some other useful utilities that you should know about.
// Box Shadows - responsive, hover, focus states
.shadow-{size} {} // md, lg, xl, 2xl, inner, outline, none

// Opacity - responsive, hover, focus states

.opacity-{percent} // 100, 75, 50, 25, 0

// Cursors - responsive
.cursor-{style} // default, pointer, wait, text, move, not-allowed

// Outline - focus
.focus:outline-none // remove default browser outline styling
# use focus:shadow-outline instead for a nicer alternative

// User Select - responsive

.select-{style} // none, text, all, auto

// Screen Readers - responsive, hover, focus, active

.sr-only {} // visually hidden, present for screen readers
.no-sr-only {} // undo .sr-only
E19
Challenge 5 - Input Component
Input elds are easily customizable with some utility classes.
<body class="h-screen flex flex-col justify-center items-center">
<label class="text-gray-700 text-sm font-bold select-none" for="full_name">
Full Name
</label>
<input
id="full_name"
placeholder="Enter your full name"
class="mt-2 shadow border rounded-lg w-4/6 px-3 py-2 text-gray-700
focus:shadow-outline focus:bg-blue-100 placeholder-indigo-300">
<button class="mt-2 px-3 py-2 bg-blue-900 text-blue-100 rounded-lg">
Save
</button>
</body>
E20
Challenge 6 - Employee Card
Here's a full example of an employee card nicely styled using all default Tailwind classes.
<body class="bg-gray-600 flex justify-center items-center h-screen">
<div class="w-2/3 flex flex-col break-words bg-white shadow-lg rounded-lg
overflow-hidden">
<div class="text-gray-700 bg-gray-200 text-lg px-6 py-4 mb-0">
The title of the card here</div>
<div class="w-full px-6 py-4 flex justify-between items-center border-t
border-gray-200">
<div class="bg-orange-600 text-xs uppercase px-2 py-1 rounded-full
border border-gray-200 text-gray-200 font-bold">
Under Review</div>
<div class="text-sm">May 14, 1988</div>
</div>
<div class="w-full px-6 py-4 justify-between border-t border-gray-200">
<div class="flex-1">
<p class="border rounded-lg p-4 bg-gray-200">
Here is a short comment about this employee.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="rounded-b px-6 py-4 bg-gray-200">
<div class="uppercase text-xs text-gray-600 font-bold">
Employee</div>
<div class="flex items-center pt-3">
<div class="bg-blue-700 w-12 h-12 rounded-full uppercase
font-bold flex items-center justify-center text-sm
text-white">
VG</div>
<div class="ml-4"><p class="font-bold">Victor Gonzalez</p>
<p class="text-sm text-gray-700 mt-1">Instructor</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
E21
Final Course Project - Landing Page
Solution
<html>
<head>
<link href="https://unpkg.com/tailwindcss@^1.0/dist/tailwind.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body class="bg-gray-200 font-sans flex flex-col items-center">

<header class="bg-indigo-700 w-full flex justify-center

border-b-4 border-pink-500 px-4 py-3">
<div class="max-w-4xl w-full">
<div class="flex items-center justify-between
text-pink-400">
<svg class="h-8 fill-current" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 108 32"><path d="M16.

<button type="button"
class="block text-gray-500 hover:text-gray-400
focus:text-white focus:outline-none sm:hidden">
<svg class="h-6 w-6 fill-current" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
<path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 5h16a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H4a1 1 0 1 1 0-2zm0 6h16a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H4a
</svg>
</button>
</div>

<div class="my-4">
<h1 class="text-2xl text-indigo-100">Want to learn Tailwind CSS?</h1>
<p class="text-sm text-indigo-200">Tailwind is the fastest growing utility-first
CSS framework. Let's learn it step by step.</p>
<div class="relative mt-4 flex justify-between">
<div class="">
<a href="#" class="bg-pink-500
text-indigo-100 font-bold mt-2 px-4
py-2 rounded-full text-xs uppercase">
Enroll Now</a>
</div>
<div class="absolute right-0 bg-white
rounded-full flex justify-center
items-center p-5 border-4
border-pink-500">
<img class="w-16 h-16" src="/images/tailwind-logo.png" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</header>

<main class="mt-16 w-full flex flex-col items-center">

<div class="max-w-4xl mx-4 ">
<h2 class="pb-1 font-bold text-xl text-indigo-700
border-b border-indigo-200">How It Works</h2>
<p class="text-sm mt-4 text-gray-600">Tailwind is designed for rapid development of
modern applications. At its core, it is a robust mobile-first design system built
with developer experience in mind. After using Tailwind CSS, you will find it
difficult to go back to use anything else. Learn all about it in this all-inclusive
course.</p>

<h2 class="mt-8 pb-1 font-bold text-xl text-indigo-700

border-b border-indigo-200">Advantages</h2>
 <div class="flex flex-col sm:flex-row sm:-mx-2">
<div class="mt-4 sm:w-1/3">
<div class="bg-white p-8 h-full border-b-4
border-pink-500 rounded-lg flex flex-col
items-center sm:mx-2 sm:p-3 md:p-8">
<div class="bg-gray-200 text-indigo-700
w-16 p-2 rounded-full">
<svg class="h-12 w-12 fill-current" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24
</div>
<div class="mt-4 font-bold">No Custom CSS</div>
<div class="mt-2 text-sm text-gray-600
text-center">Tailwind's advanced class extraction will leave your
project free of custom CSS.</div>
</div>
</div>

<div class="mt-4 sm:w-1/3">

<div class="bg-white p-8 h-full border-b-4
border-pink-500 rounded-lg flex flex-col
items-center sm:mx-2 sm:p-3 md:p-8">
<div class="bg-gray-200 text-indigo-700 w-16
p-2 rounded-full">
<svg class="h-12 w-12 fill-current" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24
</div>
<div class="mt-4 font-bold">Developer Experience</div>
<div class="mt-2 text-sm text-gray-600
text-center">Tailwind is designed with your happiness in mind.
The ease of performing changes is refreshing.</div>
</div>
</div>

<div class="mt-4 sm:w-1/3">

<div class="bg-white p-8 border-b-4
border-pink-500 rounded-lg flex flex-col
items-center sm:mx-2 sm:p-3 md:p-8">
<div class="bg-gray-200 text-indigo-700 w-16
p-2 rounded-full">
<svg class="h-12 w-12 fill-current" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24
</div>
<div class="mt-4 font-bold">Mobile Friendly</div>
<div class="mt-2 text-sm text-gray-600
text-center">Modern applications demand mobile-friendly &
Tailwind's responsive modifiers make it easy.</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>

<div class="bg-gray-800 py-12 mt-12 w-full flex flex-col

items-center border-t-2 border-black">
<h2 class="pb-1 font-bold text-xl text-gray-400">
Sign up to download the free PDF</h2>

<form class="max-w-xl w-full text-gray-200 mt-4 px-8 md:px-0" action="#" method="post" autocomplete="of
<div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row md:-mx-2">
<label for="first_name" class="sr-only">First name</label>
<input class="bg-gray-700 mt-4 md:mx-2 border
border-gray-600 rounded-lg py-2 px-4 block
w-full md:w-1/2" type="text" placeholder="First name"
id="first_name">

<label for="last_name" class="sr-only">Last name</label>

<input class="bg-gray-700 mt-4 md:mx-2 border
border-gray-600 rounded-lg py-2 px-4 block
w-full md:w-1/2" type="text" placeholder="Last name"
id="last_name">
</div>
 <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row md:-mx-2">
<label for="email" class="sr-only">Your email</label>
<input class="bg-gray-700 mt-4 md:mx-2 border
border-gray-600 rounded-lg py-2 px-4 block
w-full md:w-1/2" type="email" placeholder="[email protected]"
id="email">

<label for="title" class="sr-only">Title</label>

<input class="bg-gray-700 mt-4 md:mx-2
border border-gray-600 rounded-lg py-2 px-4
block w-full md:w-1/2" type="text" placeholder="Your title"
id="title">
</div>

<div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row md:-mx-2">

<button class="bg-blue-600 text-sm mt-4 md:mx-2
rounded-lg py-2 px-4 block w-full">Create account</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</main>

<footer class="w-full bg-gray-800 pb-8 text-center text-xs

font-light text-gray-600">
<p>Copyright &copy; 2019 Scrimba</p>
</footer>

</body>
</html>