Assignment 2: Ibrahim Hani Ibrahim

Assignment 2
Description of a conceptual process: Elevators
Presented by: -
Ibrahim Hani Ibrahim

ID: 5158
Abstract:-
The household appliance is associate
degree equipment that makes a partial vacuum and is
employed to suck up dirt .
Introduction:-
A vacuum cleaner uses associate degree pump to make a
vacuum, and it's accustomed clean floors, however it may
clean alternative surfaces. What a vacuum suck into itself
is collected into a bag or a cyclone and later disposed of.
Today, there are several sizes and models of a vacuum,
from hand-held variants that are steam-powered by batteries to industrial models that may vacuum
many hundred liters of dirt to vacuum cleaners that are the dimensions (and shape) of a truck that's
accustomed clean massive spills or to get rid of
Figure 1:1 Vacuum cleaner system (1)
contaminated soil. (5)
Working principle of the vacuum cleaner: -

There are several forms of vacuum cleaners as a result of they're created to satisfy totally different client needs.
however they're usually created equally. Vacuum cleaners are created to figure expeditiously, to be simple to
control, don’t create additional noise than they have, and create as very little as attainable dirt and allergens
once they work. Several makers let subcontractors create individual elements and that they solely assemble the
ultimate product. (3)
Everything is assembled by staff on assembly-line. 1st half from wherever assembly begins is that the base,
made from metal or wrought plastic. Steel beater bar with brushes goes into fitted notches at the front of the
bottom (It is placed in an exceedingly method that permits for simple replacement once the brushes wear out).
A rubber drive belt is connected to the beater bar on one finish and to motor simple machine on the opposite.
Steel base plate that has little rollers is placed into notches within the front of the bottom. Another try of wheels
is supplementary to the bottom. Base conjointly gets AN electrical motor and a follower at this part. Motor is 10
connected to the electrical wire. once the lamp is connected to the electrical installation of the cleaner, prime of
the bottom that covers motor and lamp is placed. At the rear of the bottom are hooked up fitting which will hold
handle and a hose that results in the bag. alternative finish of the hose goes into the bag support. Handle gets a
prime holder of the bag, electrical connections and a switch. bag is placed and finished vacuum gets decals with
a brand of an organization, instructions, serial variety and such. Finished household appliance is wrapped in an
exceedingly bag and placed in an exceedingly box. it's accompanied with plastic attachments and nozzles, and
operative manual ( (Figure 1:1). (2)
“Pressure difference” is that the basic mechanism on that household appliance works. Motor with a follower
lowers the pressure within the bottom or a pipe of the cleaner. Outer air includes a higher pressure and gets into
the bottom carrying with itself loose dirt.. alternative vacuums use water as a filter by creating the air submit to
water before lease it out (Figure 1:2). (3)\
Figure 1:2:
Vacuum
cleaner
working
principle (4)
1-
The
Design of a Vacuum Cleaner: -
 TRIGGERING THE CIRCUIT
For the vacuum to be operational, there

must be a trigger to turn it on. Usually
located at a convenient location for the user, the switch closes a circuit
at the source of power. The housing of the vacuum includes many
wires linking the switch to the source of power and the motor. The
entire circuit can be seen in Figure 2:1 (4)
Figure 2:1 Vacuum cleaner electric circuit (5)
When the “On” button is pressed, the small conductors inside the switch will connect and the circuit will be
completed. A complete circuit will power the motor and ultimately cause suction into the vacuum. The “Off”
button breaks the circuit. When pressed, the conductors inside the switch will no longer be in contact. Thus, the
motor is no longer powered by the battery and stops the suction into the vacuum. (6)
 POWERING THE MOTOR

Figure 2:2 On/Off switch used in vacuums (2)
Another important component of the
circuit is the rechargeable battery. The power in the
battery limits the amount of suction capable by the
vacuum. Most handheld vacuums use battery packs of
about 12 volts. The battery pack is usually detachable
from the vacuum and is able to be recharged for further
Figure 2:3 Inside of a 12V battery pack (3)

use. A rechargeable battery has a limited life for each use of the vacuum. Most handheld vacuums can create
powerful suction for about 20 minutes.
The 12-volt battery, in Figure 2:3, uses thin slabs of metal to create a connection between consecutive battery
pods. The pods are what is inside the battery pack. Connecting wires will link the battery pack to circuit shown
in Figure 1. The purpose of the battery is to power a motor inside the vacuum housing. Ultimately, the battery is
the source of power that the vacuum needs to create suction. (6)
 ROTATING THE FAN
The last component in the electrical circuit is the motor.

The motor requires the switch and the battery to work to
be functional. An aluminum shaft is connected axially
to the inside of the motor. In Figure 2:4, the red and
blue wire would connect the motor to the circuit. When
the circuit is completed, the motor will function, and the
axial shaft will rotate. (6)
The motor is essential to the suction of the vacuum. A fan that

creates the suction is connected to the Figure 2:4 Electric motor that turns the axial shaft (5)
axial shaft. Therefore, the faster the
shaft rotates, the more suction the vacuum will create. The
motor must be properly lubricated to reduce friction between
the shaft and the housing of the motor. The motor is the link
between the electrical circuit and the fan that creates the
vacuum’s suction. (6)
 STIMULATING AIR FLOW
An axial fan is used in vacuums to create suction. As seen in Figure 2:5, an axial fan has precise angles to
optimize the amount of air it can displace.
The fan has an opening in the center of the blades. This opening is used to be press fitted onto the axial shaft of
the motor. The press fit creates a strong and tight connection so that the assembly is rigid. The axial fan
displaces air like ceiling fans or stand up fans. The fan creates a pressure difference. In Figure 2:6, the air in
front of the fan is at a low pressure and the Figure 2:5 Axial fan creates pressure difference (5)
air behind the fan is at a higher pressure. (4)
The difference in pressure causes air to flow from low pressure to high pressure. The air will flow in through
the nozzle of the vacuum, pass through the fan and out through an air outtake vent. Before the air passes
Figure 2:6 Pressure Difference causes air to flow from left to right (5)
through the fan, a filter must catch particles of dirt in order to prevent damaging the fan. (4)
 CATCHING THE PARTICLES
The bag filter inside the vacuum housing is where dirt particles and other objects get stored until they are
discarded by the user. The filter is important in catching objects before they reach the fan or motor. Dirt and
dust can ruin the effectiveness of the vacuum by causing friction in the motor or damaging the fan blades. Also,
it is easier for the user to discard the vacuumed objects when they are placed in a single filter bag. (6)
Figure 2:7 Filter bag catches vacuumed objects (5)
In Figure 2:7, the filter bag

has a mesh lining to let air flow through easily but stops dust and dirt. The filter is easily detached from the
vacuum and can be emptied. When the vacuum picks up too many items, the filter fills up the vacuum housing.
This will make it difficult for air to flow through the vacuum housing and diminishes the effectiveness of the
vacuum. (6)
Conclusion: -
A vacuum is a simple device to understand when broken down into its five components:
1. A switch closes a circuit to the battery pack and motor to cause a flow of electricity
2. A rechargeable battery pack powers a small motor inside the housing

3. The motor turns an aluminum shaft, which is connected to an axial fan
4. An axial fan creates a pressure difference, which pulls air through the vacuum
5. Air flows through a filter where vacuumed objects get trapped and stored in the bag (1)
The process is repeated every time the switch is pressed on. Each component in the vacuum is a simple
replaceable part. A vacuum is a useful household item that can clean up a variety of particles such as dust, dirt
and other small objects.
References: -
1) https://www.bbcleaningservice.com/history-vacuum-cleaner.html
2) http://www.vacuumcleanerhistory.com/
3) http://www.vacuumcleanerhistory.com/vacuum-cleaner-making/how-vacuum-cleaners-work/
4) http://enggyd.blogspot.com.eg/2014/06/vacuum-cleaner-working-principle-design.html
5) https://www.encyclopedia.com/science-and-technology/technology/technology-terms-and-
concepts/vacuum-cleaner
6) http://sites.psu.edu/jasonburghouwt/wp-content/uploads/sites/26396/2015/04/final.pdf
Figures: -
1) http://www.freediyhomeimprovement.com/2010/07/12/how-central-vacuum-system-works/
2) https://www.searspartsdirect.com/part-number/830996/0009/113.html
3) https://www.google.com.eg/imgres?imgurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.batteryspace.com
%2FProductImages%2Faa%2F20051123%2FP4030130.jpg&imgrefurl=http%3A%2F
%2Fwww.batteryspace.com
%2Fnimhbatterypack144v33ahforirobotroomba4905400seriesvacuumcleaner-
1.aspx&docid=1yyvGEsV59TV9M&tbnid=5XrbnP5fWp6bJM
%3A&vet=10ahUKEwjk6sCjseLZAhVIeawKHaJ9CakQMwhCKAUwBQ..i&w=331&h=200&bih=535
&biw=1242&q=inside%20a%2012v%20battery%20pack
%20vacuum&ved=0ahUKEwjk6sCjseLZAhVIeawKHaJ9CakQMwhCKAUwBQ&iact=mrc&uact=8
4) http://enggyd.blogspot.com.eg/2014/06/vacuum-cleaner-working-principle-design.html
5) http://sites.psu.edu/jasonburghouwt/wp-content/uploads/sites/26396/2015/04/final.pdf

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Assignment 2

Description of a conceptual process: Elevators

Ibrahim Hani Ibrahim

Working principle of the vacuum cleaner: -

 TRIGGERING THE CIRCUIT

For the vacuum to be operational, there

Figure 2:1 Vacuum cleaner electric circuit (5)

 POWERING THE MOTOR

Figure 2:3 Inside of a 12V battery pack (3)

 ROTATING THE FAN

The last component in the electrical circuit is the motor.

The motor is essential to the suction of the vacuum. A fan that

 STIMULATING AIR FLOW

 CATCHING THE PARTICLES

Figure 2:7 Filter bag catches vacuumed objects (5)

In Figure 2:7, the filter bag

2. A rechargeable battery pack powers a small motor inside the housing

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