Ajish Gopalakrishnan A Proud Indian… search

JUN

11 LSA & FFA NOTES

LAUNCHING OF LIFE BOAT IN EMERGENCY

As soon as I take orders from Master:
Sound signal, I will wear my PPE with Life Jacket
Proceed to designated station
Establish communication
Collect my crew with PPE and Life Jacket (check whistle,
lights etc)
Head count
Brief them their duties once again
Railing removed, see for obstruction remove, proper
illumination, boat falls checked
See over board side clear
Don’t mention harbour pins
Since they are removed as a P.O.B or sailing
Gripes to be removed from the deck
Will check overboard side and lower embarkation ladder
First will send two persons in one will start eng another
put plugs in life line to be released in boat itself for free
most while lowering
Fwd painter to be passed and made fast to strong point,
When at embarkation level
Release tracing pendent and make fast bows in tackle.
All sit in boat except winch man
Lower the boat slowly, checking the over side
Release fall hooks together and make water borne
Once water borne the final person to be in boat
Make 45 deg angle less then by boat hook and 90 deg
towards wind water side
Before going additionally I will try to bring in Chart, EPIRB,
SART, Binoculars, extra ration, fresh water, warm
clothing’s, blankets, walki talkies and area charts.
Note: stay away from sinking/ emergency ground, but
stay near the area
Since salvage would search u there.
While lowering fall hooks both to be released together.

DAVIT LAUNCHED INFLATABLE LIFERAFT

1. See for adequate illumination.
2. Remove guardrails. Obstruction.
3. Raise raft from deck by davit, hold bowsing lines at
each end of raft, hold painter line and short red fireline.
4. Slew the davit arm to overside, make fast bowsing lines
and painter.
5. Check overside obstn, inflate by pulling sharply the red
firing line.
6. Once inflated make sure raft is well secured to deck by
bowing lines.
7. Ensure all personnel’s are correctly wearing their life
jackets.
8. Board the raft make sure it doesn’t tilt since supported
by one wire.
9. Once boarding is complete, release bowsing lines and
painter and check all clean around and below the raft then
lower away.
10. Once in water, release raft and allow to drift clear of
immediate danger, before streaming sea anchor.
Instructions for the launching in close proximity to the
launching station. Emergency lighting, means of access,
drills of above every 4 months by special liferaft.

MANUAL LAUNCHING OF AN INFLATABLE

LIFERAFT
1. Look overside clear for launching the raft.
2. Ensure painter is secured to a strong point.
3. Remove any side railings, obstructions, chains etc.
4. Remove any securing arrangements form the raft itself.
5. If safe to launch then throw the raft to overable
checking obstruction.
6. Pull painter to full length to inflate the raft.
7. Once raft is inflated (should normally take 1 to 3 min)
dependent on climatic conditions then board as soon as
possible by means of rope or ladder provided.
Never jump directly into a raft from any height.
Boarding launching instruction to be placed on container
itself or near launching station

ALARMS
1. General emg alarm.
2. Other emg alarm.
3. Means: by which abandon ship order is to be given.

MUSTER LIST CONTENTS1. Name and rank of crew

member.
2. Duties assigned: (state separately for different
emergencies)
3. Muster points (for respective emergencies)
4. Alternative muster points.
5. Boat station (no.1 / no.2)
6. Person responsible (for maintenance of equipments)
7. Name/Rank of responsible person or incharge of
respective parties.
Emergency boat muster signal:
7 or more short blast followed by continous long
ringing/sounding of ships bells/whistles.

SOLAS TRAINING MANUAL

Shall be provided in each crew mess room and recreation
room and bridge.
CONTENTS
Following shall be explained in details.
1. Donning of lifejacket, immersion suit and anti exposure
suit.
2. Muster at the assigned station.
3. Boarding, launching and clearing the survival craft.
4. Method of launching from within the survival craft.
5. Release from launching appliances.
6. Method and use of devise for protection in launching
areas.
7. Illumination in launching areas.
8. Use of all survival equipment.
9. Use of all detection equipment.
10. Use of radio LSA.
11. Use of engine and accessories.
12. Recovery of survival craft and rescue boat. (including
storage and securing).
13. Hazards of exposure and need for warm clothing.
14. Best use of the craft facilities to survive.
15. Methods helicopter rescue and ships LTA.
16. Contents of muster list and emergency instructions.
17. Instructions for emergency repair of LSA.

LIFE BOAT
1. Speed: 6 kts all lifeboats. 2 kts if towing
2. Fuel : sufficient for 24 hrs at 6 kts.
3. Positive pressure: for min 10 mins if fitted with self
contained compression.
4. Freefall lifeboats: Drop tested, 1-3 times the height they
are certified to drop from the vessel.
5. Engines: run weekly for 3 min (head and astern).
6. Inspection: visually weekly basis and equipments: (once
in a month).
7. External lifeboat lights: visible range 2 miles, illumination
min 12 hrs, if flashing light type: 50 flashes per minute and
should be maintained for 12 hrs.
8. Wire falls: every 2.5 years and renewed every 5 years
unless stainless steel.
9. Launching criteria : in 20 deg list and 10 deg trim.
10. Load test : load tested every 5 years.
11. Release gear: to be overhauled every 5 years.
12. Launching instructions reg launch of lifeboat must be
displayed in the close proximity and be clearly legible.
13. Life boat capacity: not to be > 150 persons.
14. If lifeboat cannot be launched from on board then
same means must be provided (ladder) for a person to
board who is lowering the life boat.

MAKING ON LIFE BOATS

1. Dimensions
2. Capacity
3. Makers serial no.
4. Name or trade mark of manufactures. (tag) inside.
5. Date of manufacture.
6. Name and POR of vessel marked on each bow of craft.
7. Callsign on the thwarts, (for seeing from top).
NOTES: about life boats:
• Cargo vessel after 1986 – fully enclosed lifeboat.
• Passenger ships 1986 – totally or partly enclosed
lifeboat.
• Oil tankers carrying cargo flashpoint <60 deg.
• Fire protected totally enclosed is fitted with self-
contained deluge or sprinkler system.
• 8 min resistance in oil fire.
• Chemical / gas / toxic tankers.
• Life boat with air support system.
• 10 min positive pressure inside.
• Launching – cargo ships 10 min, passenger ships 30
min.

LIFE RAFTS
Weight : weight of throw over the launch raft not >185
kgs.
Inflate : within 1 min fully inflate. Gas non toxic.
Lifer raft external light as per lifeboat.
Painter : twice the height (length) of its stowed position to
water time at light ship condition or 15 mts whichever is
greater.
MRU : Service annually, Rafts : service annually.
HRU : throw away type – validity two years,
Hook : automatic release hook of raft if fitted must be
serviced: 2 – 5 years.
Proof tested 100 % swl every 5 years.
Launching station: a ladder must be provided at each life
station.
If davit launch raft: must be capable of being launched
with on adverse list of 20 deg / trim of 10 deg.

MARKINGS ON LIFE RAFT (CONTAINER)

1. manufacturers name or trade mark.
2. serial no.
3. capacity of the raft
4. dot approved.
5. solas 86.
6. type of emergency pack enclosed.
7. date of last service.
8. length of painter line
9. maximum height of stowage.
10. launching instructions.

LIFE BUOYS.
• Outer dia : not less than 800 mm.
• Inner dia – not less than 400 mm.
• Grabline dia : not < 9.5 mm and the length is not less
the 4 time the outer diameter of buoy 4 loops secured in.
• Colour : highly visible (generally orange)
• Retro reflector tape : at 4 evenly spaced points : 50mm
x 100 mm.
• Dropping height : 30 mts without sustaining any
damage.

MARKINGS
1. Manufactures name or trademark.
2. Max height above the water line it can be stored if this
exceeds 30 m.
3. name and port of registry of the ship.
4. light : must have an intensity of not less than 2 candela.
If flashing then must flash at a rate of 50 flashes per min.
and be provided with a source of energy which will give
this performance for a period of atleast 2 hrs.
Buoys with no lines – 2 bride wings / 2 self igniting.
Max weight of life buoy – 4 kgs. Min – 2.5 kg.
2 with lines
4 with lights
2 with smoke / bridge wing.

LIFE JACKETS
Cargo ships and tankers:
32 kg and over ; 125% of the capacity of vsl (min 4)
< 32 kg and over ; 100% of the capacity of vsl (min 2)
one 32 kg ; for each watch keeper and remote survival
craft station and inflatable lifejackets
Passenger ships:
32 kg over ; 105% of capacity of vsl
< 32 kg over ; 10% of capacity of vsl.
One 32 kg ; for each watch keeper and remote survival
craft station and inflatable lifejackets.
• Jumping in water – 4.5 m height without injury max –
6m.
• Donning – 1 min
• Keeps head above water – 12 cm.

MARKINGS
1. Name or trade mark of manufactures.
2. name and call sign of vsl.

DIMENSIONS OF PILOT LADDER

Handhold stanchions ; dia – 32 mm
Above (b.w) height ; 120 cm
Gap between two ; min 70 cm, max 80 cm.
Man ropes without knots : dia – 28 mm
(if req by pilot) / (as per ladder) height - as per ladder.
Side ropes : dia – 18 mm
(between two) horizontal gap – 40 cm
vertical gap – 30 – 38 cm
Spreader : length – 180 cm long
breadth – 11.5 cm
thickness – 2.5 cm
From bottom 5th step must be a spreader.
After max 8 steps between spreader 9 th spreader.
Ht of ladder above water level as per pilot.
Ladder must rest well over ship side.
No overboard discharge where ladder is placed.
Deck (p.b. area) lit by fwd shining overside light.
Life boat with self igniting light and a responsible d.off to
pick up pilot.
Space to be clear of any slippery spaces and obstructions
– use of b.w ladder fastened.
Ships with height freeboard (more than 9 m) when no side
door available: combination ladder.
Pilot ladder must extend 2 mtrs above lower platform.
Accommodation ladder to rest firmly against ship side.
Should lead aft
Man slope 55 deg.
Lower platform horizontal.
Rigid hand rails preffered.

WATER TIGHT DOORS:

1. Can operate from bridge, locally at door, remote control
station.
2. Alarms on bridge, for opening, closing, status light for
all doors, low hydraulic pressure.
3. An alarm will be activated out each door when moving
until the door is fully opened or closed.
4. Never attempt to pass through a door that is closing.
5. Each door can be operated by a back up system in the
event of power failure. ( by hand hydraulics).

MAINTENANCE1. Check for water tight seals for

defects.
2. Check cleats and mounting for cracks and corrosion.
3. Check for hydraulic leaks.
4. Check doors seated correctly when closed and locking
cleats are in place.
5. Clean up any oil or grease near watertight doors.
6. Report any defect to officer incharge of maintenance.

LIFE BOATS:
500 T or 85 m or greater :
100% L/B on each side – totally enclosed
100% L/B on each side (if this is not possible then 200%)
or
100% L/B (free fall type launched over the stem) and
100% L/R on each side with a davit on side.
And
If vsl is more than 100m the one six man life raft fwd of aft
depend on posn of block.
Rescue boat
One inflatable life jacket.
One survival suit for each rescue boat crew member.
50 m if buoyant line suitable for towing another craft.
Emergency lighting
Use to illuminate
1. Muster point
2. Embarkation stn
3. Routes to survival craft
4. Survival craft areas and over side of the vsl.
Davits
One set of davit per boat.

Lifeboat equipments
1. Sufficient buoyant oars to make broadway in calm
seas.
2. Crutches or equivalent provided for each oar.
3. 2 boat hooks.
4. A buoyant bailer.
5. 2 buckets.
6. A survival manual.
7. A compass.
8. A sea anchor.
9. 2 painter (one permanent and 1 quick release)
10. 2 Hatchets (one forward and one aft)
11. 3 ltrs of water per person (valid for 3 yrs)
12. 10000 kj of rations per person (valid for 5 yrs).
13. 3 rustproof, graduated, drinking vsls.
14. 6 hand held flares.
15. 4 parachute flares.
16. 2 smoke floats.
17. 1 torch capable of signaling morse, with spare bulb
and batteries.
18. 1 signaling mirror.
19. 1 signal card (solas no.2)
20. 1 whistle.
21. 1 first aid kit (valid for 5 yrs)
22. 6 sea sickness tablets for person.
23. 1 sea sickness bag per person.
24. 1 jack knife.
25. 3 tin openers.
26. 2 buoyant rescue quoits with 30m of buoyant line
attached.
27. 1 manual bilge pump.
28. 1 set of fishing tackle.
29. Sufficient tools for minor engine repairs.
30. 2 fire extinguishers, suitable for oil fires.
31. 1 search light.
32. 1 radar reflector.
33. TPA for 10% of capacity of the boat or 2 whichever is
greater.

LIFE RAFT EQUIPMENT

1. 2 buoyant paddles.
2. a buoyant boiler, if 13 persons or more then 2 boilers.
3. insts on immediate actions on boarding the raft.
4. a survival manual.
5. 2 sea anchors (one rigged and ready for use)
6. 1.5 ltrs of water per person (Valid for 3 yrs)
7. 10000 kj of rations per person (valid for 5 yrs)
8. 1 rust proof, gradated drinking vsl.
9. 6 hand held flares.
10. 4 parachute flares.
11. 1 torch capable of signaling morse with spare bulb
and batteries.
12. 2 smoke floats.
13. 1 signaling mirror.
14. 1 signal card (SOLAS no.2)
15. 1 whistle.
16. 1 first aid kit (valid for 5 yrs)
17. 6 sea sickness tablets per persons.
18. 1 sea sickness bag per person.
19. 1 safety knife.
20. 3 tin openers.
21. 1 buoyant rescue quoits with 30 m of buoyant line
attached.
22. 1 bellows p/p.
23. 1 set of fishing tackle.
24. 2 sponges.
25. 1 temporary repair kit
26. 1 permanent repair kit (rubber patches)
27. 1 radar reflector.
28. TPA for 10% of the capacity of the boat or 2
whichever is the greater.

LIFE BUOYS
1. Outer dia not less than 800 mm
2. Inner dia not less than 400 mm.
3. Grab lines must have a dia of not less than 9.5 mm and
the length is to be not less than 4 times the outside dia of
life buoy and secured in 4 loops.
4. Lifebuoys must be brightly visible in colour.
5. Fitted on each side at 4 evenly points retro reflective
material 50mm x 100mm in size.
6. Capable of being dropped from a ht of 30 m without
sustaining damage.
7. If a line is fitted then line must be 27.5 m in length.
8. The light must have intensity of not less than 2 candela
and if flashing than 50 flashes/minute and provide with
source of energy for at least 2 hrs.

MARKINGS:
1. Manufactures name.
2. Max ht above the water line (if exceeds 30 m then
name of the ship and port of registry).

REQUIREMENT:
Min – 8
50% with SI lights.
2 with 27.5 m buoyant line
2 with light/ smoke float capable of quick release.

LENGTH OF SHIP
Under 100 m – min 8
100 m and under 150 –10
150 m and under 200 m – 12
200 m and over - 14

PYROTECHNICS : (Valid for 3 yrs)

On bridge : 12 parachute flares / 4 ltr (4 mm dia, 230 m in
calm wx)
On life boat : 6 hand flares.
4 parachute flares.
2 smoke floats.
Parachute flares:
a. Can be fired to a lit of 300 m
b. Fall at 5 m / seconds
c. Burn for 40 sec
d. Intensity 30000 candelas
e. Burn red in colour.

HAND FLARES:
a. Burn for 1 minute.
b. Intensity 15000 candelas.
c. Burn red in colour.

ORANGE SMOKE FLOATS:

a. Burns for 2 – 4 minutes.
b. Omits orange coloured smoke.

BRIDGE WING LIGHT/SMOKE SIGNAL

a. Orange in colour.
b. Produce for 15 min.
c. Intensity of light not less than 2 candelas and if flashing
then it must flash at a rate of 50 flash / minute with a
source of energy for atleast 2 hrs.

LIFE JACKET
• 32 kg and over – 105 % of capacity of vsl.
• Less than 32 kg – 10% of capacity of vsl.
• Over 32 kg l/jacket for each watch keeper and remote
survival craft stn and on inflatable lifejacket for those who
need them.
Intensity: 0.75 candela for atleast 8 hrs.

LSA REQUIREMENTS:
Passenger ship : 500 t or greater or 200 passenger more.
Lifeboats – 50% each side (partially enclosed)
Liferafts – 12.5% each side with davit even on each side
Or
Lifeboats – 37.5% each side.
Life rafts – 25% each side
Rescue boats – 2 nos.
In any ease it is 125 % of the total persons onboard.
Passenger ships 500T or 200 persons.
Life rafts each side – 100% davit launched.
Life rafts 150% each side if these are not transferable.
One rescue boat.
CPSC holder:
Persons 41 or less – 2
42 or 61 – 3
62 to 85 – 4
85 or more – 5
Emergency lighting should be form a separate emergency
power source.
Illumination required area:
1. Muster points.
2. Embarkation stations
3. Route to survival craft
4. Survival craft area
5. Over the side of the vessel.

SEA ANCHORS
As per solas 1986 reg:
1. Conical in shape.
2. Porous material and slightly shift
3. Stable when towed at 6 knots.
4. Mouth shall open immediately on deplayment.
Length of painter attached to sea anchor : 30 m length
8mm dia.

SEA ANCHOR

Uses :
Reduces drift of the craft.
Narrows the search area.
Improves the stability of the craft in rough wx.
Makes comfortable motion. Therefore reduces risk of
capsize.

SEARCH AND RESCUE RADAR TRANSPONDER:

SART
Purpose of sart – indicate position of survival craft.
For vessel of 500 T or more:
Atleast one on each side of the vsl or one on each survival
craft.
Operates at 9 ghz, x-band 3 cm radar.
When activated, it will appear on the radar on 12 blips
extending outwards from the posn of target.
When target is nearer it will become concentric circles.
Battery should be capable of 96 ltrs on standby followed
by 8 hrs of continous interrogation.

EMERGENCY POSN INDICATING RADIO BEACON

(EPIRB)Purpose: to indicate posn of the person or the
persons in distress.
Freq: 121.5 mhz : homing signal for air craft.
406 mhz : only call sign or maritime mobile service identity
(mmsi) number.
1.6 mhz: also transmits posn with mmsi on gps feed given
to it.
On 406 mhz EPIRB
1. Transmit signal to satellite
2. Set calculate the posn of epirb.
3. Relay the distress and posn to earth station.
4. Lut passes msg to mrcc.
5. MRCC is responsible for co-or with s/r opr. Initially and
subsequently.
LUT: local user terminal.
MRCC : maritime rescue co-ordination center.
Requirement :
2 EPIRB each side.
Or
1 EPIRB and 2 sarts each side.

FIRE CONTROL PLAN1. Location of control stations.

2. Remote controls.
3. Fire fighting equipments
4. Detection systems.
5. Fire zones.
6. Ventilation system.
7. Access to spaces.
A spare set of the plan are to be kept in a water tight
container on the deck house. (for fire brigade)

FIRE WALLET1. Muster list and location of muster pt.

2. Crew list (no of crew).
3. General arrangement plan
4. Safety plan
5. Cargo plan
6. Trim stability booklet.
7. Details of fired fire fighting system.
8. Details of w/t doors and ventilation.
9. Details of emergency fire pump.
10. Important telephone nos.
11. Pumping arrangement.
Kept near the gangway along with – ISC and l/buoy lit for
the easy and nearest access to eb.

FIRE LOCKER.
DCP (powder) extra cartridges, foam detergent, spare
hose.
Spare nozzle, safety harness, line, ba cylinders, f.mountfit,
torch, fire bucket, fire arc.
Location of fire locker to be well marked in the fire plan,
and any changes in fire plan and any changes in fire plan
would require to be reconstructed.

INFO TO FIRE BRIGADE.1. Where is the fire (location).

2. Means of access.
3. Ways of ventilating
4. Dtls of cgo together with stowage plan.
5. What fire steps have taken.
6. Any persons missing.
7. What fixed installation are in use.
8. Condition of ships services.
9. General arrangement plan.
10. Stability data.

FIRE WALLET:
1. Muster list
2. No of persons on board.
3. General arrangement plan.
4. Details of fixed fire fighting system.
5. Details of ventilation of w/t doors.
6. Details of emergency fire pump.
7. Important telephone no.
8. Cargo plan and manifest.
9. Trim and stability booklet.
10. Foam platforms
11. Foam monitoring proportionating v/v.
12. Pumping arrangement.
13. Safety plan.

FFA:
1. Fire main
2. Fire hydrant
3. Fire hose
4. Fire nozzle.
5. Emergency fire pump
6. Main fire pump
7. Fixed fire fighting installation (co2, halon, foam, water
sprinkler)
8. Portable fire extinguisher.
9. ISC
10. Fire wallet.
11. Ventilation arrangements
12. W/tight doors , fire doors.
13. Fire man’s suit.
14. Emergency fire alarms.
15. Fire blanket
16. Portable foam applicator.

FIRE FIGHTING APPLIANCES:

FIRE PUMPS:
Two pumps each capable of delivering atleast one jet of
water simultaneously from each of any two hydrants,
hoses, nozzles.
In addition to above one other pump such as g.s bilge,
ballast pump shall be capable of delivering water to the
fire main.
If a fire in any one compartment could put all fire main out
of action.
An independently driven power operated emg fire pump
outside machinery space (must be able to deliver atleast
one jet of watch from each of any two hydrants). Cargo
ships and tankers – 1000t or greater – 2 pump, 500t –
1000 – 1 pump.
Passenger ships ; >4000t – 3 pumps, <4000t – 2 pumps.

Fire hoses:
• One hose for every 30 m length (not less than 5)
• Total hoses length atleast 60% of loa.
• One spare hose.
• In E/R and machinery spaces atleast 2 hydrant.
• 1 port and stbd. (hose and nozzle at each hydrant)
• All nozzle to be spray / jet with shut off facility.
• Hoses to be max 18 m length.
• Hose dia 64mm if unlined.
• Hose dia 45 mm if lined.

HYDRANTS:
Two jets of water on any part of the ship and 1 jet from an
single length of hose.
For tankers: isolating v/v’s at end of accom and every 40
mtrs.

PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER1. All of approved

type and capacity not more than 13.5 ltrs and not less
than 9 ltrs.
2. Spare charges for 100% of extinguisher.
3. Portable foam applicator consists of air foam nozzle of
an indicator type capable of being connected to the fire
main by a fire hose and portable tank of 20 ltrs.
4. Rate of foam 1.5 m3/min.

INTERNATIONAL SHORE CONNECTIONCommon link

between the vsl and shore for pressuring fire main line.
One to be used on each side of the ship.
Out side dia-178mm, inside dia 64mm, washer – 8
Bolts and nuts – 4 nos (16mm dia: 150 mm in length,
thickness flange – min 14.5 mm)

FIRE MAN’S OUTFIT1. Fire proof protective clothing

outersurface water proof.
2. Boots and gloves of rubber or non conductive
electricity.
3. Rigid helmet.
4. Electric safety lamp (min for 3 hrs).
5. An axe (approved with cover)
6. Breathing apparatus
7. SCBA atleast 1200 ltrs capacity, function for 30 mins
(40 ltrs/min).
8. Fire proof line attached to safety harness.

Fixed deck foam system.

1. Capable of delivering foam to ensure cargo tank area
as well as into cot.
2. Control station outside and away from cargo area and
readily accessible, simple and rapid operation.
3. Rate and foam not less than 0.6 ltrs/m2 min.
4. Sufficient foam concentrate to produce foam for at
least 20 min.
5. Foam supplied through foam monitors/applications.
6. Capacity of any monitor at least 3 ltrs/ m2 min.
7. Capacity of any application not less than 400 ltrs / min
and turn not less than 15 mtrs.

FOAM
• Min discharge rate not less than 0.6 ltr/min.
• System should be able to produce foam for atleast 20
min.
• Foam supplied for 3 monitor/applicator at lead at 1250
ltrs/min.
• Cap of foam monitor at least 3 ltr/min.
• Discharge cap of applicator at least 400 ltrs/min and
should be able to throw the down not less that 50 mtrs.
INERT GAS
Cargo hold : 25% of gross volume of cargohold.
Production in 72 hrs.

TANKERS:125% max disch volume

O2 level 5%
Maintain tank O2 level – 8%.
HRU (Hydrostatic release unit)
H2O type:
• Easy way to release life rafts, EPIRB’s and other
systems from a sinking ship.
• Light weight.
• Expiry every 2 years.
• After installation it remains on board without
maintenance or service ashore for up to two yrs.
• (other approved HRU requires annual torting)
• it will release at all angles and needs only the required
water pressure to activate.
• Designed to activate at a depth of between 1.5 to 4.0
mtrs.
• Weak link system, if used shall break under a strain of
2.2 +or- 0.4 kn (kilo Newton)

SCBA MONTHLY CHECKS

1. By pass central is fully closed.
2. Open cylinder valves. The whistle should be heard as
the pressure raises in the gel. Check cylinder or fully
charged.
3. Check for leaks.
4. With mask on face close cylinder value and hold
breath. Observe pressure if it does fall more than set is not
leak tight.
5. Check rubber part, o-rings and mask.
6. Clean mask with weak solution of teepol and dried out.

LIFE LINE SIGNALS

2 – pull - more line
3 – pulls - get me out
3 – pulls from operator – came out now
1 – pulls (for bellow) – more air.