1422 Polymer

Critical Thinking Questions

1 a 2 c 3 c 4 a 5 b
6 b 7 d 8 a 9 c 10 d
11 c 12 d 13 a 14 b 15 d
Classification of Polymer 16 b

1 c 2 d 3 a 4 c 5 b
Assertion and Reason
6 d 7 d 8 a 9 a 10 d
11 d 12 c 13 d 14 a 15 d 1 e 2 b 3 b 4 c 5 b
16 b 17 d 18 d 19 b 20 b
21 a 22 d 23 d 24 a 25 a
26 c 27 c 28 d 29 c 30 a
31 d 32 d 33 c 34 d 35 b
36 c 37 c 38 e 39 a

General methods of preparation and mechanism Classification of Polymer

of polymerisation
1. (c) Bakelite is thermosetting polymer. It becomes infusible on
heating and can not be remoulded
1 b 2 c 3 c 4 c 5 b 4. (c) Natural rubber is the only addition polymer of nature and is
6 a 7 b 8 b 9 d 10 c known as Cis  1, 4  polyisoprene.
11 b 12 b 13 a 14 c 15 c 6. (d) Wax is a molecular solid.
9. (a) It is present in the cell wall of plant.
16 a 17 c 18 a 19 b 20 b 12. (c) Starch is a natural polymer and other are synthetic.
21 b 22 c 23 a 24 c 25 a 13. (d) Protein is a natural polymer of   amino acids.
26 b 27 d 28 b 29 d 30 d 17. (d) Amylose is a linear polymer of   D  Glucose
31 c 32 c 33 a 34 c 35 d
(Glucose  Glucose  Glucose–)n
(C1  C 4   linkage)
36 a 37 c 38 d 39 a 18. (d) Silk is protein fibre. Dacron is polyester fibre and Nylon-66 is
polyamide fibre.
Composition, Properties and Uses of Polymer 19. (b) Natural rubber is addition polymer of isoprene (2-methyl-1, 3-
butadiene)
1 a 2 c 3 c 4 c 5 b nCH 2  C  CH  CH 2    
Polymerisa tion
|
6 b 7 c 8 b 9 a 10 c CH 3 (CH 2  C  CH  CH 2 )n 
|
11 b 12 c 13 b 14 c 15 c
CH 3
16 a 17 d 18 b 19 c 20 b Natural rubber
21 d 22 d 23 d 24 d 25 a 20. (b) Polyethylene is a homopolymer
26 b 27 c 28 b 29 b 30 c n CH 2  CH 2 (CH 2  CH 2 )n
31 b 32 a 33 c 34 a 35 b
21. (a) Cellulose is the natural fibre which are biodegradable polymer
36 d 37 b 38 b 39 d 40 a rest are synthetic polymer which are not biodegradable.
41 d 42 d 43 a 44 d 45 c 23. (d) Nylon is the copolymer of Hexamethylene diamine and adipic
acid. It is not a homo-polymer because homopolymer formed
46 c 47 a 48 c 49 d 50 c by two same monomer unit.
51 a 52 d 53 b 54 a 55 a 25. (a) Thermoplastic are those which becomes soft on heating and
can be remoulded again.
56 d 57 b 58 a 59 b 60 c 26. (c) Resins are amorphous organic solids or semisolids which
61 d 62 a 63 b 64 a 65 a usually have a typical lustre and are often transparent or
translucent.
66 a 67 b 68 b 69 b 70 c 27. (c) Step growth polymerization involves condensation reaction
between two difunctional monomer to produce dimer which in
71 c 72 b 73 d 74 b 75 b
turn, produce, tetramer and so on with the loss of simple
76 b molecules like H 2 O, NH 3 , HCl etc.
29. (c) Buna-S and Neoprene both are synthetic rubber.
31. (d) Nylon is a synthetic polymer.
 Polymer 1423
35. (b) Nylon-66 is manufactured by the condensation polymerization O
of adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine with the lose of  |
 H 2 C C H
5. (b) H  H 2 C  C H  H  CH 2  C H  
H 2 O as steam. | |
36. (c) The polymer formed by the condensation polymerisation is G G
known as condensation polymer. Decron (Terylene) is a Repeat  (CH 2  C H )n
condensation polymer. It is formed by the condensation |
polymerisation of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol. G
37. (c) PVC is a synthetic polymer made by vinylchloride. Polymer
38. (e) Terylene is fibre not a thermosetting plastic because on heating 7. (b) The condensation polymerisation of hexamethylene diamine and
they melt and do not show plastic property while rest option adipic acid is done in solution form by interface technique. In
are true regarding to Terylen this liquid nylon polymer is obtained.
39. (a) Sucrose is a disaccharides which upon acid or enzymatic n . H 2 N  (CH 2 )6  NH 2
hydrolysis gives only two molecules of monosaccharides.

nHOOC  (CH 2 )4  COOH  
Polymerisa tion
nH 2 O
Sucrose   D(+)-glucose+(D)(–)-fructose
H or invertaase

[ HN  (CH 2 )6  NHCO  (CH 2 )4  CO ]n

Nylon
General methods of preparation and mechanism 8. (b) Condensation Polymerization because loss of water molecule
of Polymerisation takes place.
10. (c) e.g.- PVC is extremely stiff and hard but the addition of di-n butyl
phthalate Plasticizers makes it soft and rubber like.
1. (b) There are 3 stereo chemical arrangements are possible 14. (c) Polymers formed by condensation process with eliminaiton of
(i) Isotactic (Same order):- Here groups are arranged on one side small molecule like H 2 O, CO 2 etc. are known as
of the chain. All Y groups lie on one side and all Z groups on
the opposite side of the chain. condensation polymers.
CH 3
Y Y Y eg. C  O  H 2 CH  C  CH 3  
dil
CH 3 Acetone || HCl
O
O
CH 3 ||
(ii) Syndiotactic (Alternating
Z order)
Z - TheZ Y and Z groups lie H 2O  C  CH  C  CH 3
alternately on each side of the chain. CH 3
Mesityl oxide

Y Z Y 15. (c) D-glucose is the monomer of cellulose.

16. (a) n CH 2  CH 2  (CH 2  CH 2 )n
Ethylene Polythene

17. (c) nCH 3 – CH  CH 2  ( CH 2  CH )n

Propene |
Y Y and Z groups
(iii) Atactic (RandomZorder) - The Z are arranged in a
random fashion. CH 3
Polypropyl ene
Y Y Z
21. (b) n(CH 2  CH  Cl )  (CH 2  CH )n
Vinyl chloride |
Cl
( PVC)

Z Z Y 22. (c) Adipic acid (HOOC  (CH 2 )4  COOH ) and

Head Tail Head Tail
3. (c) CH 2  C  CH  CH 2 CH 2  C  CH  CH 2  Hexamethylene diamine (NH 2  (CH 2 )6  NH 2 )
| |
27. (d) Tetrafluoroethene (CF2  CF2 ).
CH 3 CH 3
29. (d) Rayon fibre is chemically identical to cotton but has a shine like
(CH 2  C  CH  CH 2  CH 2  C  CH  CH 2 )n silk, rayon is also called a regenerated fibre because during its
| |
preparation. Cellulose is regenerated by dissolving it in
CH 2 CH 3
NaOH and CS 2 .
From steric effects, the polymer formed has head to tail 30. (d) When phenol react with HCHO form bakelite which is a
configuration. thermosetting polymer.
4. (c) Syndiotactic polyvinylchloride 31. (c) Generally chloroethene (vinyl chloride) formed PVC polyvinyle
 Cl Cl chloride.
 | | 33. (a) Al(C 2 H 5 )3  TiCl4 is Ziegler Natta catalyst.
  CH 2  CH  CH 2  CH  CH 2  CH  CH 2  CH
 | | 37. (c) Terylene is a polymer of ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid.
 Cl Cl
 38. (d) PVC is polyvinyl chloride, a polymer of vinyl chloride.
  Cl 
 n.CH 2  CH .Cl 
Polymerisa tion
  | 
 CH 2  CH   1 - chloroethe ne  CH 2  CH 
|
 n
Cl n PVC
In this arrangement the chlorine atoms are alternately
arranged. The polymer is stereoregular and has high Composition, properties and uses of Polymers
crystallinity.
1. (a) Nylon was simultaneously discovered in New york and London.
 1424 Polymer
2. (c) Teflon is flexible, inert to solvents and to boiling with acids even  
to aqua - regia and is stable upto 598 K.  
4. (c) Both highly inflammable and Non-inflammable 38. (b) n CH 2  C  CH  CH 2    CH 2  C  CH  CH 2 
|  | 
5. (b) Perspex is a synthesized polymer.  
CH
3  CH 3 n
6. (b) Average number molecular weight M n  30,000 Natural rubber

39. (d) Polymers have high molecular weight.

Average mass molecular weight M w  40,000
40. (a) In Neoprene monomer unit is
Mw
40,000
Polydispersity index (PDI)    1 .33 CH 2  C  CH  CH 2 (chloroprene)
M n 30,000 |

7. (c) Cellulose forms a transluscent mass on treatment with conc. Cl

NaOH which imparts a silky lustre to cotton. This process is while Isoprene (CH 2  C  CH  CH 2 ) is the monomer of
mercerisation and the cotton so produced is known as |
mercerised cotton. CH 3
8. (b) ‘Rayon’ is man-made fibre which consists of purified cellulose natural rubber.
in the form of long threads. Rayon resembles silk in
appearance. Hence called as artificial silk. 42. (d) Teflon has great chemical inertness and high thermal stability,
hence used for making non-stick utensils. For this purpose, a
Cellulose 
 Viscose
NaOH
thin layer of teflon is coated on the inner side of the vessel.
(from woodpulp) CS 2 (Syrup like liquid)
43. (a) Also known as PMMA. It is a transparent, excellent light
  Rayon
Pass through
transmitter and its optical clarity better than glass so it is used in
Spinneret (Fine silken thread)
into dil. H 2 SO 4 the preparation of lenses for eyes.
10. (c) Ziegler-Natta catalyst (C2 H 5 )3 Al  TiCl4 45. (c) Teflon is non-inflammable and resistant to heat so it is used in
coating, particularly in non-sticking frying pans.
14. (c) Terylene is made from glycol and Terephthalic acid
46. (c) DDT is an organic compound used as insectiside not is a
HO  CH 2  CH 2  OH and HOOC COOH polymer.
(Glycol)
(Terephtha lic acid)
47. (a) All the nylons are polyamides.
48. (c) Rubber is a polymer of isoprene. Its chemical formula is
 
  (C5 H 8 )n .
15. (c) n(CH 2  C  CH  CH 2 )   CH 2  C  CH  CH 2 
|  |  54. (a) nCF2  CF2  [CF2  CF2 ]n
 
Cl  Cl n Tetrafluor o ethane Teflon
Chloropren e Neoprene
55. (a) SF6 is used in the vulcanisation of rubber. Sulphur is heated
19. (c)
with polymer to introduce cross-linking and thus, form tough
Natural rubber  S  
Vulcanization Vulcanized rubber polymer.
CH 3
58. (a) H 2 C  C
Soft, gummy, sticky, and Hard, non-sticky and CH 3
less elastic more elastic 59. (b) The monomer used in the preparation of Nylon-6 is
22. (d) Polymer always consists of hundreds to thousands of repeating caprolactam.
structural units. Hence they have very high molecular mass. O
24. (d) Acrylonitrile is a hard, horny and high melting material. It is
used in the manufacture of oron and Acrilan fibres which are used
for making clothes, carpets and blankets.  H 2 O  HOOC  (CH )  NH 2  HNO
NH2 5
H
N O  HOOC  (CH 2 )5  HN  CO  (CH 2 )5  NH 2
25. (a)
 O H 
 || | 
  C (CH ) N  n
Caprolactam  2 5
27. (c) n (CH 2  C  CH  CH 2 )  (CH 2  C  CH  CH 2 )n Nylon- 6
| |
Cl Cl 64. (a) 30-Inulin (C5 H10 O5 )30 is found in the “Roots of Dahaliya”.
Chloropren e Neoprene
69. (b) Polymer chain in elastomer are held together by weak
34. (a) Ice is a molecular solid. intermolecular forces eg. Vulacanised rubber.
36. (d) They have linear molecules interlinked with forces like 71. (c) Terylene has ester linkage. It is the polymer of ethylene glycol
hydrogen bonding. with terephthalic acid. It is used in textile industry.
37. (b) Isoprene (CH 2  C  CH  CH 2 )  O O 
|
 || || 
CH 3  OCH CH
 2 2 OC C  n
Dacron or terylene

74. (b) Nylons are polyamide fibres.

 Polymer 1425
76. (b) Thermosetting plastics have three dimensional cross-linked 12. (d) The raw rubber is plastic in nature. It becomes soft at high
structure. Such polymers are prepared in two steps. The first temperature. It has little durability and it has large water
step is the foramtion of long chain molecules which are capable absorption capacity.
of further reaction with each other. the second step is the 13. (a) Chain growth polymers involve a series of reaction each of
application of heat which cause a reaction to occur between the which consume a reactive particles & produces another similar
chains, thus producing a complex cross-linked polymer. one. The reactive particles may be free radicals or ions (cation
or anion) to which monomers get added by a chain reaction. It
is an important reaction of alkenes & conjugated dienes or
Critical Thinking Questions indeed of all kinds of compounds that contains C–C double
bond
1. (a) Guttapercha rubber is very hard horny material consisting of
trans 1, 4 - polyisoprene polymer CH CH
2 3
CH =CH 2

2. (c) The fibre of terylene is highly crease - resistant, durable and

CH 2  CH 2
has low moisture content. It is also not damaged by pests like      
Fe2O3 / Cr2O3
moths and mildew. It is therefore used for the manufacture of AlCl3 o
650 C
wash and wear fabrics. It is also blended with cotton (Terycot)
and wool (Terywool) to increase their resistance to wear and  (C H CO) O
6 5 2

tear.
3. (c) The reaction carried out at temp. 50°-80°C.   CH  CH 2  
4. (a) HDPE is prepared by co-ordination polymerization which  
occurs through the intermediate formation of co-ordination  
complexes. For example, ethylene first forms a co-ordination  
  n
complex with the transition metal titanium by donating its  -
electrons. The  complex thus formed then reacts stepwise 14. (b) Cellulose acetate known as celanese silk.
with a large number of ethylene molecules ultimately leading to 15. (d) Ebonite is a hard and highly (20-30%) vulcanized rubber.
the formation of a polymer. The polythene so obtained has high 16. (b) PMMA is used in bullet proof glass.
density (0.97 g / cm 3 ) and higher m.pt. (403K) as compare to
LDPE (density- 0.92 g / cm 3 and m.pt. 384K) Assertion & Reason
5. (b) Perlon is Nylon-6. It is prepared from a single monomer having
a potential amino group of one end and a potential carbonyl 1. (e) The time of vulcanisation is reduced by adding accelerators and
group of other end. activators.
6. (b) Styrene at room temperature is liquid. 2. (b) Hydrogenation or hardening of oil is a process in which various
  unsaturated radicals of fatty glycerides are converted into more
  highly or completely saturated glycerides by the addition of
7. (d) n CH 3  CH  CH 2    CH 2  CH   hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst, usually finely divided
Propene  |  nickel.
 CH 3 n
Polypropen e 3. (b) Vulcanisation is a process of treating natural rubber with
sulphur or some compounds of sulphur under heat so as to
8. (a) Zieglar Natta catalyst is a mixture of TiCl4 and (C2 H 5 )3 Al modify its properties. This cross-linking give mechanical
used in the synthesis of stereoregular polymers. strength to the rubber.
9. (c) Melamine is the phenol-urea resin which are white crystalline 4. (c) Bakelite can be heated only once.
solid. 5. (b) Due to the presence of strong C–F bonds, teflon has high
10. (d) Glyptal is a polymer of phthallic acid and Glycol. thermal stability and chemical inertness.
11. (c) Glyptal is an alkyd resin of ethylene glycol
(HO  CH 2  CH 2  OH ).