1 Resources and Development

Resources and Development
Types of Resources
The things available in our environment that can be used to satisfy a requirement
are called resources.
Things available in our environment become resources only when human being
find a way to transform them into a useful form.
For things to become a resource:
 Suitable technology must exist to transform it into some useful form.

 Its use must be financially viable and culturally acceptable.
Resources can be classified based on their origin, exhaustibility, ownership and

status of development.
Defective farming methods, like ploughing up and down a slope, increase the rate
of soil erosion.
The different resources are:
 Biotic resources
 A biotic resources
 Renewable resources
 Non renewable resources
 Individual resources
 Community-owned resources
 National resources
 International resources
 Developed resources
 Potential resources
Resources that cannot be used due to the availability of suitable technology, but
may be used in the future, are called stock.
Resources that can be used today, but are preserved to meet future requirements,
are called reserves.
Development and planning of resources
Sustainable development means using resources wisely without damaging the

environment and keeping in mind the need of future generations.
Indiscrimination use of resources leads to:
 A rapid depletion of resources

 An economic divide in society.
 Environmental and ecological problems.
Agenda 21 aims to:
 Prevents damage to the environment.

 Fights poverty and disease.
 Encourage local governments to form their own Agenda 21 based on
local issues.
Resources Planning involves:
 Identifying and estimating available the resources available through

surveying and mapping.
 Evolving technology, skilled personnel and institutions to implement
resources development plans.
 Continuously monitoring and guiding resources development plans to
match the overall national development goals
 Irresponsible and over-use of resources can lead to several social,
economic and environmental problems.
Land resources
India is the 7th largest country in the world with a geographical area of about 3.28
million sq.km.
Out of the total land area of India:
 43% is plain
 30% is mountains
 27% is plateau region
Depending on their use, our land resources can be classified as forests, net sown
area, follow
Land, other uncultivated land and land not available for cultivation
The area under forests is way below the required 33% as planned in the national
forests policy.
Disposal of solid and liquid waste by industries on surrounding land or water

bodies has also
Become a major cause of land degradation and water pollution.
Some steps for land conservation are:
 A forestation
 Controlled grazing and mining activity
 Stabilization of sand dunes
 Proper disposal of industrial effluents after treatment.
 Continuous monitoring of soil conditions.
Soil as a resource
Soil is formed over millions of year by weathering of rock by natural agents like
variation in temperature, wind, glaciers and running water.
Basics for classification of soil are:
 Physical and chemical

 Age
 Texture
 Color
Different types of soils in India are:
 Alluvial
 Black soil
 Red and yellow soil
 Laterite soil
 Forest soil
Soil erosion and conservation
The loss of soil cover due to natural agents like wind and running water is called
soil erosion.
The roots of plants and trees keep the soil moist and hold the soil particles
together.
Human destroy vegetation cover by:
 Deforestation
 Overgrazing
 Mining activities
Without vegetation cover, soil becomes dry and loose, and gets easily eroded.
Defective farming methods, like ploughing up and down a slope, increase the rate
of soil.
The formation of deep channels in clay soils by running water is called gully
erosion.
The washing away of the entire sheet of top soil in a region by water is called sheet
erosion.
Soil conservation is the prevention of soil erosion
Methods of soil conservation are
 Terrace farming
 Contour ploughing
 Strip cropping
 Shelter belts
Terrace farming and ploughing land along contour lines reduce the speed of water
flowing down
The slope and help in soil conservation.
In strip cropping, strips of grass standing between crops reduce the force of wind
and thus
Prevent soil erosion.
Shelter belts of trees help in soil conservation by breaking the force of wind and
stabilizing sand dunes near farmland.

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Resources and Development

For things to become a resource:

 Suitable technology must exist to transform it into some useful form.

Resources can be classified based on their origin, exhaustibility, ownership and

The different resources are:

Development and planning of resources

Sustainable development means using resources wisely without damaging the

Indiscrimination use of resources leads to:

 A rapid depletion of resources

Agenda 21 aims to:

 Prevents damage to the environment.

 Identifying and estimating available the resources available through

Out of the total land area of India:

Disposal of solid and liquid waste by industries on surrounding land or water

Some steps for land conservation are:

Basics for classification of soil are:

 Physical and chemical

Different types of soils in India are:

Human destroy vegetation cover by:

Soil conservation is the prevention of soil erosion

Methods of soil conservation are

The slope and help in soil conservation.

Prevent soil erosion.

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