Foreign

F1 : Hydroponics: Effect of pH on Different Cucumber Varieties

Author: Mikaela Krumrei

Link: https://digitalcommons,unl.edu/envstudtheses

The purpose of this study is to provide information on hydroponic growing systems, specifically
how the pH of the water effects cucumber plant growth and if different varieties of cucumber plants
may have varying reaction to the ph. The experiment was conducted in one of the labs in plan science all
at the University of Nebraska –Lincoln. Eight varieties of cucumber plants where grown at different pH
5.0, 5.65, 6.67, and 7.5.

The plants where place in growth Incubator chambers for 14 days and tools required for the
final measurement taken. The varieties grown were Ashley, Homemade, Marktmore 76, Spacemaster,
Armenian Metki white and Muncher. All varieties started as seeds in a germination paper transplanted
into the containers each varieties with enough sprouts to have two containers at each pH and put in
growth chambers when ready. The Ashley in homemade pickle where placed in two rows of twenty-five
on their own germination paper saturated with the solution of CaSO4.

A container which holds 20 liters of liquid and filling about 2/3rds of the container with 200 ml
deionized water was then placed on the counter for the seeds to sit and begin to grow. Once the
preferred pH was reached the following macronutrients :KNO3, Ca(NO3)2, NH4H2PO4, MgSO4 and MES
buffer and micronutrients CaCl2, H3BO3,MnCl2,ZnSO4,CuSO4 and Na2MO4 was then added to the
container holding the nutrients solution.

These studies concluded that cucumber plants grow best at pH 5.65 and worst at 7.5 and shows
that different varieties do, in fact. Vary in their measurements at each ph. Informing those who may be
questioning.

F2: The effect of cucumber (curcumas sativa) cultivation in aquaporin and hydroponics system on
plant nutrient elements and anti-oxidant enzyme activity

Author: Senol Guzel, Ugur Cansin Odun, Talip Cakmakci, Ozlem Cakmakci

Link: www.researchgate.net

This study was carried out in the plastic greenhouse on the area reserved for experiment in the
van yuzuncu yil university research and application farming department. Fries and cucumber seedlings
were used as the fish and the plant materials. The system was planed in accordance with close
recirculating system model.

Close loop water system used in the aquaponic system and the plants in the hydroponics system
received water two times a day macro and micro nutrients were calcium, magnesium, potassium,
sodium,phosphoros,boron,cadmium,chrome,copper,iron,manganese,nicel,led and zinc. Leaf nutrients
element analysis, determination of enzyme activation, lipid peroxidation and chlorophyll and carotenoid
contents were used in this study.

In conclusion among the macro elements the two systems were not significantly different from
each other in terms of Ca, Na and P contents the different between the system was significant for K and
Mg. microelements showed that the different between the system in terms of micro elements B, Cd, Cr,
Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were significant Cd, Cr, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn contents were higher in aquaponic
system while B Cu and Mn contents were higher in the hydroponics system.

Enzymes activities such as CAT, APX, COD and MDA where not significant both in aquaponic in
hydroponics system while chlorophyll and carotenoids contents were higher hydroponics system and
the different between the system significant

F3: Water in Nutrients Reused Within Closed Hydroponics System

Author: Emerson Christie

Link: https/digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd

Lettuce was grown in six hydroponics system utilizing the nutrient film technique (NFT)
which grows plans in a sloped channel by exposing plant roots to a shallow continuously flowing nutrient
solution. The hydroponic systems were placed in an on campus greenhouse to allow for greater control
of environmental factors that could affect the condition of the nutrient solution as well as the growth of
the yield of the lettuce plant. All system were identical closed hydroponics system and different only in
nutrient solution management. Three of the systems were randomly designated as test systems, where
the nutrient solution was discarded after a period of time consistent with timeframes used by industry.
Two nutrient solution management plans designed as: I test system, where the nutrient solution was
restored and reused, and 2 control systems where the nutrient solution was discarded and replaced,
were compared. Specific procedures surrounding nutrient restoration and nutrient solution replacement
are outline in section the greenhouse was separate into three blocks to provide a minimum number of
replicates for statistical analysis it was the most logical manner to evenly and consistently divide the
study within the greenhouse. Two nutrient solution management plans designated as I test systems,
where the nutrient solution was discarded and replaced, were compared. Specific procedures
surrounding nutrient solution restoration and nutrient replacement are outlined. Reverse osmosis,
nutrient solution, preparation of Rockwood, growth cycles, procedure, and germination of lettuce seeds,
lettuce transfer, nutrient solution monitoring, sampling procedure, nutrient solution replacement and
restoration, harvest, data analysis.
F4: Solar Based Hydroponics Cultivation
Author: D.Sarathkumar

Link: zenodo.org

The project aims to grow a plant without a soil by using solar supply. It uses the 90% of
water efficiently. Controlled environments become an important tool in Agriculture
production and study chains develop optimal Conditions for the growth of plants in this
paper, we present a low-cost, high-reliability Prototype for real-time measurements in
hydroponics cultivation develop optimal Conditions for the growth of plants in our
system we are going to implement solar based supply and automatic control of water
flow. System consists of four Units: Solar Panel, Relay, Arduino Uno, and Pump. The
entire process is controlled by means arduino programming. A humidity sensor
hygrometer senses, measures and reports the relative humidity in the air. It therefore
measures both moisture and air temperature we have used Power House 50W 12V
Polycrystalline Solar Panel PWHP50 is a compact solar panel with easy installation
setup. we conclude implementation of hydroponic system using control circuit. It
describes automation in various processes such as to check moisture automatically and
accordingly supply water for particular time interval. This System uses less water and
fertilizers as compared to soil system
.

F5: DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SOLAR POWERED HYDROPONICS

Author: D sarathkumar, Dr K venkateswaran, vijaylaaxmi, A

Link: sersc.org/journal/index.php/

The main objective of the system is to grow a plant without a soil by using solar
supply. In hydroponics cultivation method, the monitoring and recording of various parameters
helps cultivator to develop optimal solutions for the growth of plants. In this proposed system,
we are designed a less cost, high reliability hardware model for solar powered hydroponics
cultivation in real time measurements. Agriculture, humidity sensor, hydroponics, plant
cultivation, pumping systems, smart monitoring, solar power the home agriculture and family
farming have fewer requirements for such a technique. A smart tracking and control system,
especially for people those who are all travelling frequently and there is no need of regular
monitoring of water level. Existing system, literature survey, block diagram of proposed
hydroponics system, hardware components ang experimental setup of the proposed system,
hydroponics tray, humidity sensor, solar panel arrays with charge controller, pumping system,
experimental setup. This system consumes limited water and fertilizers in comparison to the
traditional soil base system
Local
L1: Developments of an indoor hydroponics tower for urban farming

Author: Sean tagle, Hans Benoza, Rica Pena, and Aleeza Oblea

Link:  https://www.Scribd.com/document/406714151/RRL

This study shows the design, fabrication and testing of an indoor hydroponics tower
prototype coupled with an automated monitoring system. The study includes an analysis on
various parameters such as, plant length, leaf height, fresh weight, water temperature, ambient
temperature, relative humidity.pH level. Water level and total dissolved solids.

An Arduino based monitoring system was built from scratch and utilized to collect the
necessary data along with physical instrument for better calibration in data collection in data
collection. Plant growth environmental conditions and sensor accuracy showed that the indoor
hydroponics tower was a success in terms of its design for urban farming, productivity and
performance, and its automated monitoring system.
 NFT system include reservoir, air pump, and air stones, airline tubing, water pump, NFT
channels, net pots, growing medium and hydroponic nutrients . Manufacture produce PVC rain
gutters or downspout channel designed for transporting rainwater from roofs to the drainage
line. Most of the downspout channels have a dimension of 2-by-4 inches which is just right for
hydroponics applications.

The reservoir serve as the holder of the water pump is also located. At minimum, small
plants should receive at least ½ gallons per plant, medium size plants should receive 2 ½
gallons of water. The growing medium commonly used for hydroponic growing is Rockwool and
grow rocks. Lightning and ventilation: the indoor hydroponics tower uses a T5 fluorescent tube
consuming 8 W to 14 W with daylight color temperature between 5600 k to 6500 k as substitute
for natural light. Average PAR reading was 33mol per m2s 7in from the light source.

A mechanical timer for the lights was programmed to turn on for 18 hours and off for
6hours. A small electric fan was used to ventilate the tower for 2hours after every 3hours.to
ensure yield quality modification a light reflector made from foil insulation was used to cover all
sides of the tower except the front.

L2: Hydroponics system for watercress suits in urban areas

Author:

Link: