Udacity Project Example - Writeup
Udacity Project Example - Writeup
Udacity Project Example - Writeup
You can use this file as a template for your writeup if you want to submit it as a
markdown file, but feel free to submit a pdf if you prefer.
Compute the camera calibration matrix and distortion coefficients given a set of chessboard images.
Apply a distortion correction to raw images.
Use color transforms, gradients, etc., to create a thresholded binary image.
Apply a perspective transform to rectify binary image ("birds-eye view").
Detect lane pixels and fit to find the lane boundary.
Determine the curvature of the lane and vehicle position with respect to center.
Warp the detected lane boundaries back onto the original image.
Output visual display of the lane boundaries and numerical estimation of lane curvature and vehicle
position.
Rubric Points
Camera Calibration
1. Have the camera matrix and distortion coefficients been computed correctly and
checked on one of the calibration images as a test?
The code for this step is contained in the first code cell of the IPython notebook (or in lines # through # of the
file called some_file.py ).
I start by preparing "object points", which will be the (x, y, z) coordinates of the chessboard corners in the
world. Here I am assuming the chessboard is fixed on the (x, y) plane at z=0, such that the object points are
the same for each calibration image. Thus, objp is just a replicated array of coordinates, and objpoints
will be appended with a copy of it every time I successfully detect all chessboard corners in a test image.
imgpoints will be appended with the (x, y) pixel position of each of the corners in the image plane with
each successful chessboard detection.
I then used the output objpoints and imgpoints to compute the camera calibration and distortion
coefficients using the cv2.calibrateCamera() function. I applied this distortion correction to the test
image using the cv2.undistort() function and obtained this result:
To demonstrate this step, I will describe how I apply the distortion correction to one of the test images like this
one:
2. Has a binary image been created using color transforms, gradients or other methods?
Oooh, binary image... you mean like this one? (note: this is not from one of the test images)
The code for my perspective transform is includes a function called warper() , which appears in lines 1
through 8 in the file example.py (output_images/examples/example.py) (or, for example, in the 3rd code
cell of the IPython notebook). The warper() function takes as inputs an image ( img ), as well as source
( src ) and destination ( dst ) points. I chose the hardcode the source and destination points in the
following manner:
src = np.float32(
[[(img_size[0] / 2) - 55, img_size[1] / 2 + 100],
[((img_size[0] / 6) - 10), img_size[1]],
[(img_size[0] * 5 / 6) + 60, img_size[1]],
[(img_size[0] / 2 + 55), img_size[1] / 2 + 100]])
dst = np.float32(
[[(img_size[0] / 4), 0],
[(img_size[0] / 4), img_size[1]],
[(img_size[0] * 3 / 4), img_size[1]],
[(img_size[0] * 3 / 4), 0]])
This resulted in the following source and destination points:
Source Destination
I verified that my perspective transform was working as expected by drawing the src and dst points onto
a test image and its warped counterpart to verify that the lines appear parallel in the warped image.
4. Have lane line pixels been identified in the rectified image and fit with a polynomial?
Then I did some other stuff and fit my lane lines with a 2nd order polynomial kinda like this:
5. Having identified the lane lines, has the radius of curvature of the road been estimated?
And the position of the vehicle with respect to center in the lane?
Pipeline (video)
1. Does the pipeline established with the test images work to process the video?
README
1. Has a README file been included that describes in detail the steps taken to construct
the pipeline, techniques used, areas where improvements could be made?