T¿ A → produk

C A 0 r=k C A2.5

k =k 0 e− Ea/ RT

F , ρ , C p , k 0 , Ea, R=konstan

CAT

CAT

KV
Fungsi Transfer dari Final Control Element Control Valve : 2
τ v S +1.5 S+ 1

Ks
Fungsi Transfer dari Sensor Termocouple :
τ s S+1

1
(
Fungsi Transfer dari pengendali : K c 1+ τ p S+
τp )
Dit :

a. Derajat Kebebasan dan gangguan

Neraca mol A

In - out - reaksi = acc

dCA
F C A 0−F C A −V r=V
dt

2.5 dCA
F C A 0−F C A −V k C A =V
dt
−Ea
dCA
F C A 0−F C A −V k 0 e RT
C A 2.5=V
dt

Neraca energy

In – out – reaksi = acc

d ( T −T ref )
F ρ C p ( T ¿ −T ref ) −F ρ C p ( T −T ref )−Q−∆ H o r ( C A 0−C A ) =Vρ C p : ρC p
dt
→

Q ∆ H or dT
F T ¿−F T − − ( C A 0−C A ) =V
ρCp ρCp dt
Σ persamaan = 2 derajat kebebasan : Σ variabel - Σ persamaan = 3

Σ variabel = CA0, CA, T in, T, Q (5) Σpengendali = Σ variabel -Σ persamaan- Σ gangguan

Σ gangguan = CA0 , T in (2) = 1 (Q)

Neraca mol A

T , C A 0 tidak linear terhadap C A

∂f
f ( T , C A 0 , C A )=f ( T s ,C A 0 s , C As ) + ( T −T s ) + ∂ f ( C A 0−C A 0 s) + ∂ f ( C A −C As )
∂T ∂ CA 0 ∂C A
− Ea
f ( T , C A 0 , C A )=F C A 0−F C A−V k 0 e RT
C A2.5

−Ea
s s s RT s
f ( T , C A 0 , C A ) =F C A 0s−F C A s−V k 0 e C A s2.5

∂f
(C −C A 0s )=F ( C A 0 −C A 0s )
∂C A 0 A 0
− Ea
∂f RT
( C A−C A s )=−( F+ 2.5V k 0 e C As1.5 ) ( C A −C As )
s

∂C A

dy x
y=e x → =e
dx

−Ea dx Ea
x= → =
RT dT R T 2

dy
∗dx − Ea
dy dx Ea RT
= = e
dT dT RT2
−Ea
∂f ( RT Ea
T −T s ) =−V k 0 e C As2.5 s
( T −T s )
∂T RT2

∂f
f ( T , C A 0 , C A )=f ( T s ,C A 0 s , C As ) + ( T −T s ) + ∂ f ( C A 0−C A 0 s) + ∂ f ( C A −C As )
∂T ∂ CA 0 ∂C A

−Ea − Ea −Ea
dCA
V
dt
{ s
} RT 1.5
{
= F C A 0s−F C A s−V k 0 e C A s + { F C A 0−F C A 0s } − F C A + 2.5V k 0 e C As C A −F C A s−2.5 V k 0 e R T
RT 2.5 s

− Ea − Ea − Ea
dCA RT RT RT
=F C A 0s −F C A 0s−F C A s + F C A s−V k 0 e C A s + 2.5V k 0 e C As + F C A 0−F C A−2.5 V k 0 e C A s1.5 C
2.5 2.5
V s s s

dt
K1 K2

dCA ⏞ ⏞
−Ea −Ea −Ea −Ea
Ea Ea
V =1.5 V k 0 e R T C A s2.5 + F C A 0−F C A −2.5 V k 0 e R T C A s1.5 C A −V k 0 e R T C As2.5
s s
2
T +V k 0 e R T C As2.5
s s
T
dt ⏟ RT ⏟ RT2
K3 K4
 dCA
V =K 1 + F C A 0−F C A −K 2−K 3 T + K 4
dt

Variabel Terdeviasi : C A 0−C A 0 s =C´A 0 C A−C As=C´ A T −T s=T́

dCA
V =K 1 + F C A 0−F C A −K 2−K 3 T + K 4
dt

d C As
V =K 1 + F C A 0 s −F C A 0 s−K 2−K 3 T s + K 4
dt

d ( C A−C As )
V =K 1 + F ( C A 0−C A 0 s )−F ( C A −C As ) −K 2−K 3 ( T −T s ) + K 4
dt

d C´ A
V =F C´A 0−F C´ A −K 3 T́
dt

d C´ A
V + F C´ A =F C´A 0−K 3 T́
dt

(Transformasi Laplace)

V S C´ A ( s ) + F C´´ A ( s )=F C´´A 0 ( s )−K 3 T́ (s)

F C´A 0 ( s ) −K 3 T́ (s)
C´ A ( s )=
V S+F

F ´ K
C A 0 ( s )− 3 T́ ( s)
F F
C´ A ( s )=
V F
S+
F F

K Ao C´A 0 ( s )−K T T́ (s)

BLOCK DIAGRAM

C´A 0 ( s ) K Ao KT T́ (s )
τ p S +1 τ p S +1

C´ A ( s )
Neraca energy

In – out – reaksi = acc

d ( T −T ref )
F ρ C p ( T ¿ −T ref ) −F ρ C p ( T −T ref )−Q−∆ H o r ( C A 0−C A ) =Vρ C p : ρC p
dt
→

Q ∆ H or dT
F T ¿−F T − − ( C A 0−C A ) =V
ρCp ρCp dt

Var terdeviasi: T ¿−T ins =T́ ¿ C A 0−C A 0 s =C´A 0

T −T s=T́ C A−C A s=C´ A

Q−Q s=Q́

Q ∆ H or dT
F T ¿−F T − − ( C A 0−C A ) =V
ρCp ρCp dt

Qs ∆ H o r dT
F T ins−F T s− − ( C A 0 s −C As )=V s
ρC p ρC p dt

Q ∆ Ho r d ( T−T s )
F ( T ¿ −T ins )−F ( T −T s )− − { ( C A 0−C A 0 s ) −( C A −C As) }=V
ρC p ρC p dt

Q́ ∆ H or ´ d T́
F T́ ¿−F T́ − − ( C A 0−C´ A ) =V
ρCp ρCp dt

d T́ Q́ ∆ Ho r ´
V + F T́ =F T´ ¿ − − ( C A 0−C´ A )
dt ρC p ρC p

(transformasi laplace ) Ts(0)=0

Q́( s) ∆ H o r ´
V S T́ ( s )+ F T́ ( s )=F T́ ¿ (s ) – − {C A 0 (s)−C´ A ( s)}
ρ Cp ρC p

Q́(s) ∆ H o r ´
F T´ ¿ ( s) – − {C A 0 ( s)−C´ A (s) }
ρC p ρCp
T́ ( s ) =
VS+ F
 F ( ) 1 ∆ H or ´
F
T́ ¿ s –
F ρ Cp
Q́(s )− {C ( s)−C´ A (s) }
F ρC p A 0
T́ ( s ) =
V F
S+
F F

K 1 T́ ¿ ( s ) – K 2 Q́ ( s )−K 3 C´A 0 ( s )+ K 4 C´ A (s)

BLOCK DIAGRAM

Tin (s) CAO(s) CA(s) Q(s)

K1 K3 K4 K2
τ P S+1 τ P S+1 τ P S+1 τ P S+1

T(s)