Anterior compartment of thigh

Nerve
muscle origin insertion action
supply
•Flexion, abduction, &
into upper part of lateral rotation of thigh (hip
anterior superior iliac joint)
Sartorius spine of hip bone
medial surface of
tibia • Flexion & medial rotation
of leg (knee joint)
•Straight head: anterior
Rectus inferior iliac spine •Flexion of hip joint (by
femoris •Reflected head: ilium, rectus femoris)
Femoral
above the acetabulum • Extension of the knee nerve
Into upper, medial & joint (main extensor)
quadriceps

Vastus Anterior & lateral surface lateral borders of the

intermedialis of the shaft of femur patella then via the •Fibers of vastus medialis
ligamentum patellae prevents lateral
Vastus Upper part of into tibial tuberosity displacement of patella
lateralis intertrochanteric line during knee extension
•Some fibers of vastus
Vastus lower part of medialis & vastus lateralis
medialis intertrochanteric line
 into tendon lesser Femoral
iliacus iliac fossa
trochanter nerve
•Flexion of the thigh (main
flexor of hip joint)
• Medial rotation of the
iliopsoas

•Bodies of T12, & L1-5 thigh

vertebrae roots of
with iliacus iliopsoas •If insertion is fixed: it lumbar
•Intervertebral discs flexes the trunk on the
Psoas major muscle into tendon plexus (L1,
•Roots of transverse lesser trochanter lower limb (as in sitting up 2, &3)
processes of these from lying down)
vertebrae

Upper part of line • Femoral

Pectineal surface of between linea • Flexion of the thigh nerve
pectineus superior pubic ramus aspera & lesser • Obturator
• Adduction of the thigh
trochanter nerve
Into upper fold of Pulls the synovial
Articularis genus From lower part of front Femoral
synovial membrane membrane upward during
muscle of the shaft of femur nerve
of the knee joint contraction of quadriceps
 Medial compartment of thigh
Nerve
muscle origin insertion Action
supply
front of body of pubis middle third of linea
Adductor longus below pubic tubercle aspera Adduction of the thigh and
From body of pubis and Into upper part of Lateral rotation of the thigh Obturator
Adductor brevis inferior pubic ramus linea aspera nerve

Adductor magnus adduct the thigh & helps in

from pubic arch Into linea aspera
lateral rotation of the thigh
(pubic part)
• Adduction of the thigh (hip
Upper part of medial
joint)
side of tibia
Gracilis From pubic arch (between Sartorius
• Flexion of leg (knee joint)
• Medial rotation of knee Obturator
and semitendinosus)
joint (semi flexed leg) Nerve

From outer surface of Into trochanteric

Obturator externus fossa
Lateral rotation of the thigh
obturator membrane
 Posterior compartment of thigh
Muscle origin insertion Action Nerve supply

• Flexes knee joint • Long head:

• Long head:
• laterally rotate knee Tibial nerve
from ischial
styloid process of fibula joint (when knee is • short head:
Biceps femoris tuberosity
(head of fibula) flexed) common
• Short head:
• Extend hip joint (long peroneal
from linea aspera
head only) nerve

postromedial surface of
medial condyle of tibia. • extend the hip joint.
Some fibers are • assist in hip medial
semimembranosus reflected upward & rotation.
laterally to form • flex knee joint.
ischial tuberosity posterior (oblique) • medially rotate the Tibial nerve
popliteal ligament. knee.
Upper part of medial
semitendinosus
surface of tibia
Adductor magnus
Adductor tubercle Extend thigh (hip joint)
(ischial part)
 Gluteal region
Nerve
muscle origin insertion action
supply
Outer surface of the ilium
behind post gluteal line + post • Extension of thigh Inferior
• Iliotibial tract
Gluteus maximus surface of the sacrum and • Maintain extension of gluteal
• gluteal tuberosity
coccyx & sacrotuberous knee nerve
ligament

Outer surface of the ilium

Lateral surface of • Abduction of thigh
Gluteus medius between the posterior and
greater trochanter • Stabilization of pelvic
middle gluteal line
• prevent pelvic tilting
during walking ( on the
Outer surface of the ilium superior
anterior surface of unsupported side)
Gluteus minimus between the middle and gluteal
greater trochanter
inferior gluteal line nerve

Outer edge of the iliac crest

Tensor fascia Maintain extension of
(between anterior superior Iliotibial tract
latea knee
iliac spine and iliac tubercle)
piriformis Anterior surface of s2,3,4 S1 & s2

Upper border of greater Nerve to

Superior gemellus Spine of ischium trochanter obturator
internus
Lateral rotation of thigh Nerve to
Inferior gemellus Ischial tuberosity quadrates
femoris

Medial surface of Nerve to

Obturator
Ischiopubic ramus greater trochanter obturator
internus
above trochanteric fossa internus
 Anterior compartment of leg
Nerve
muscle Origin insertion action
supply
1.Dorsiflexion and inversion of the
Upper half of lateral Medial cuneiform foot.
Tibialis anterior. surface of tibia nd and base of 1st
interosseous membrane metatarsal. 2. Maintenance of the medial
longitudinal arch of the foot.

Extensor Upper 2/3 of anterior Extensor 1.Extension of the lateral 4 toes.

digitorum surface of fibula and expansions of the
longus. interosseous membrane. lateral 4 toes. 2. Dorsiflexion of the foot Deep
peroneal
Medial side of the 1.Dorsiflexion of the foot (ankle joint). nerve
Lower 1/3 of anterior
Peroneus dorsal aspect of
surface of fibula and 2. Eversion of the foot (sub-talar
tertius the base of 5th
interosseous membrane joints)
metatarsal bone

Middle half of anterior Base of the distal 1.Extension of the big toe.
Extensor
surface of fibula and phalanx of the big 2. Dorsiflexion and inversion of the
hallucis longus.
interosseous membrane toe foot.

Arranged from medial to lateral: tom has very nice dogs & pigs.
 Posterior compartment of leg
Nerve
muscle Origin insertion action
supply
1)Lateral head: from lateral
aspect of lateral condyle of the By tendo calcaneus
femur. (common tendon), • Plantar flexion of
gastrocnemius which is attached to the foot (ankle joint).
2)medial head: from the posterior surface of the • Knee flextion
popliteal surface of the femur calcaneum.
above the medial condyle. Tibial
Superficial group

nerve

Posterior surface of It assists in:

Plantaris (may lateral supracondylar ridge of calcaneum on the • plantar flexion of
be absent) femur medial side of tendo foot at ankle joint
calcaneus • knee flexion.
The tendon joins the
inverted v shaped: from soleal
anterior part of the tibial
line on posterior surface of tibia
common tendon tendo powerful plantar and
and from upper one quarter of
Soleus calcaneus) which is flexors of the ankle posterior
posterior surface of the shaft of
attached to the joint. tibial
the fibula and from fibrous arch
posterior surface of the nerve
between these bones.
calcaneum.
 • Medial rotation of tibia
on femur (foot is on
the ground)
• Lateral rotation of
Lateral surface of femur on tibia
Tibial
lateral condyle of Posterior surface of the tibia above (unlocking the knee)
Popliteus nerve
the femur & lateral soleal line. o It occurs at the
(L5,S1)
meniscus beginning of knee
flexion
o Relaxes the
Deep group

ligament of knee
joint

The tendon passes behind the medial

• Flexes the distal
malleolus,
phalanges of the
From the medial
deep to the flexor retinaculum and lateral four toes
Flexor part of the posterior
enters the sole of the foot • assists in plantar Posterior
digitorum surface of the tibia,
flexion and inversion. tibial
longus below the soleal (main tendon divides into 4 that pass
• Maintains medial nerve
line. to the lateral four toes and then
lateral longitudinal
inserted into bases of distal
arch in foot
phalanges)
 • Flexes the distal
From the lower two The tendon passes behind the medial phalanx of the big toe
Flexor thirds of the malleolus, deep to the flexor • assists in plantar
hallucis posterior surface of retinaculum. flexion and inversion.
longus the shaft of the it is inserted into the base of the • Maintains medial
fibula. distal phalanx of the big toe. longitudinal arch in
foot

From the lateral part the tendon passes behind the medial
of the posterior malleolus deep to the flexor • Planter flexion and
surface of the tibia, retinaculum. inversion.
Tibialis the interosseous It is inserted into all tarsal bones • It plays an important
posterior membrane and the except talus (mainly into the part in holding up the
upper half of the tuberosity of the navicular bone) and medial longitudinal
posterior surface of the bases of the 2nd , 3rd and 4th arch of the foot
the fibula. metatarsals.
 Lateral compartment of leg
muscle origin insertion action Nerve supply

• Planter flexion (ankle

joint)
Base of first
• Eversion (sub-talar joints)
Peroneus longus metatarsal and the
• maintenance of lateral
medial cuneiform
longitudinal and transvers
Lateral surface of arch of foot Superficial
shaft of fibula peroneal nerve
• Planter flexion (ankle
joint)
Base of fifth
Peroneus brevis • Eversion (sub-talar joints)
metatarsal bone
• Maintenance of lateral
longitudinal arch of foot
 Dorsum of foot
Nerve
Muscle Origin Insertion Action
supply
Extensor calcaneus & inferior by 4 tendons to the medial 4 digits: extension of medial 4 Deep
digitorum extensor 1st to proximal phalanx of big toe toes when the foot is proneal
brevis retinaculum 2nd ,3rd 4th join long extensor tendons dorsiflexed nerve
• The 4 tendons of the extensor digitorum
longus muscle is joined by the
tendons of the brevis muscle opposite the
metatarsophalangeal joints of 2nd ,3rd ,4th
toes
• Each tendon joins the extensor expansion
(Facial expansion) on the dorsal
Long
surface of each toe. • The extensor
external
expansion divides into 3 strips: -
tendons
the central strip is attached to the middle
phalanx
the 2 lateral strips are attached to the distal
phalanx
• Tendons of other muscles as: interossoei
and lumbricals join the extensor
expansionoot
Sole of the foot