Outline: Dr. Shakil Ahmad
Outline: Dr. Shakil Ahmad
Outline: Dr. Shakil Ahmad
Outline
Analysis of Temporal Distribution of Rainstorm Event
1
11/10/2020
Rainfall Depth
Cumulative
- Rainfall Hyetogragh: A plot of rainfall depth or Time
Depth or Intensity
intensity with respect to time
Rainfall
- Instantaneous Rainfall Intensity:
(slope of the mass curve) Time
dP(t)
i(t) =
dt
∆P P(t + ∆t ) − P(t )
- Average Intensity in (t, t + ∆t) is it = =
∆t ∆t
Rainfall Mass
Curve &
Hyetograph
2
11/10/2020
Autographic Chart
3
11/10/2020
4
11/10/2020
5
11/10/2020
6
11/10/2020
P1 + P2 + P3
Px =
3
7
11/10/2020
Example
Example:
Find out the missing storm precipitation of station ‘C’ given
in the following table:
Station A B C D E
P, Storm precipitation (cm) 9.7 8.3 --- 11.7 8.0
N, Normal Annual precipitation (cm) 100.3 109.5 93.5 125.7 117.5
Solution:
10% of Nc = 93.5 x 10/100 = 9.35
Nc ± 10% Range of Nc= 84.15 to 102.85
Values of Nb , Nd and Ne are out of this range, hence normal
mean method applicable
1 N N N N
Pc = Pa c + Pb c + Pd c + Pe c
4 Na Nb Nd Ne
8
11/10/2020
Example
Example:
Precipitation station “X” was inoperative for part of a
month during which a storm occurred. The storm
totals at three surrounding stations A, B and C were
respectively 10.7, 8.9 and 12.2 cm. The normal annual
precipitation amounts at stations X, A, B and C are
respectively 97.8, 112, 93.5 and 119.9 cm. Estimate the
storm precipitation for station “X”.
Example
Solution:
Pa = 10.7 cm Na = 112 cm
Pb = 8.90 cm Nb = 93.5 cm
Pc = 12.2 cm Nc = 119.9 cm
Px = ? Nx = 97.8 cm
10% of Nx = 97.8 x 10/100 = 9.78 cm
Nx – Na = 97.8 – 112 = -14.2 cm (more than +10% of Nx,
therefore no need to calculate Nx – Nb and Nx – Nc )
So we will use Normal Ratio Method.
Px = (1/3) (10.7 x 97.8/112 + 8.90 x 97.8/93.5 + 12.2 x
97.8/119.9) = 9.5 cm.
9
11/10/2020
19
Mc c
Pcx = Px = Px
Ma a
10
11/10/2020
11
11/10/2020
5
accumulated annual rainfall of X stn in 10^3 cm
4.5
3.5
a Mc c
3
c
=
2.5 Ma a
2
1.5
Mc
1 Pcx = Px
0.5 Ma
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Accumulated annual rainfall of neigbouring stns in 10^3 cm
Example
Example:
Check consistency of the data given in
table below and adjust it if it is found
to be inconsistent.
12
11/10/2020
Solution:
A double mass curve is plotted by taking cumulative of average
precipitation of surrounding stations along x-axis and
accumulative precipitation of station ‘X’ along
y-axis for which consistency of data is being investigated. The
double mass curve is shown in Figure below:
12000
10000
8000 Sa/S0=0.7
6000
S0=1.176
4000
2000 Sa=0.854
0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
13
11/10/2020
14