Shivshankar Chaitram Form 5L

Broiler Production SBA

Literature Review
(According to Smith, 2015) Starter feed is a protein dense variety of chicken feed designed to
meet the dietary requirements of baby chicks. The chicks live comfortably off the diet of starter
feed and water for the first 6 weeks of their growth and life until they change over to grower
feed. The high protein content, usually between 20-24%, helps young chicks grow healthy and
develop their body muscularly in order to adapt and survive to current conditions, however an
excess in starter feed after six weeks with its high protein concentration would result in liver
failure or damage.

Advantages of the utilization of these feed are: (According to O'Neill, 2019), stimulate gut
development and increase nutrient absorption rate, and will condition the chick for the arrival of
subsequent diets. This diet can also be designed with characteristics that promote early feed
intake, for example, using colorants and a palatable feed form. This develops their muscle tone
and increases their survivability rates. Thus your initial production would be off to a good start
from the beginning.

Starter grower feed combination is a proportional concentration of starter feed mixed with
grower feed in combinations. (According to Smith,2015), Starter feed is protein dense and is
used to enhance muscularity, survivability and adaptability of chicks while Grower feed in many
ways is like chicken feed for teenage chicks. The dietary requirements for a chicken between 6 to
20 weeks old is very different from a baby chick. Essentially grower feed contains a protein
content that is between 16-18% but has less calcium and more carbohydrates. So the starter
grower feed is carbohydrates and protein dense this gives the chicks the energy to survive and
adapt. (According to Biggs,2018) 18% protein and 1.25% calcium for bone and body growth,
Prebiotics and probiotics for immune and digestive health, Amino acids for muscle and feather
development, Marigold extract for brightly colored beaks, feet and legs and overall appearance,
Phosphorous and trace minerals for bone strength and Vitamins A, D, E, K and B for overall
health and growth are contained in starter grower feed.

(According to Chicken Grower, 2019) Advantages of this feed are: Improved animal
performance and economic efficiency, Improved feed conversion, Accelerated growth in young
“starting” birds.

Problem Statement
The Class of form 5 Science wants to sell chicken in the future and aims to maximize profits and
cut costs and with their capital they can only buy starter feed or starter +grower feed. The
problem is that they do not know which feed to use to maximize output and minimize costs. This
research aims to compare the output of starter feed versus that of Starter Grower so as to
recommend which feed is more cost efficient.
Aims
 To determine which feed is more cost effective; Starter or Starter Grower.

 To determine which feed produces more output in Broilers: Starter or Starter Grower.

Materials
 Sawdust

 Starter Feed

 Grower Feed

 52 Chicks

 Feed Cans

 Automatic water supply system

 Spade

 Light bulb

 mesh

Experimental Design
 The pen was washed and cleaned before the arrival of the chicks so as to prevent the
contraction of diseases and pathogens.

 The birds were given water through an automatic water dispenser. The feed cans to
supply the feed were also set up.

 Light bulbs were then installed to keep the chicks warm.

 The chicks were then placed into the pen.

 For three weeks the chicks were fed starter feed. After the fourth week the pen was
divided using a mesh with half of the chickens over each side.

 One side was fed starter ration for the remainder of their time at the pen while the other
side was fed starter + grower ration.

 The birds were fed and given water each day for the eight weeks.

 At the end of the eight weeks they were weighed and sold to the consumers.
Data Collection
 The weight of the chickens was obtained by weighing the chickens from the starter side
and starter + grower side by the use of a scale.

Results
Feed Total Weight (lb)

Starter 107.3

Starter + Grower 151.2

Table showing the weights obtained from the chicken sold

The table showed that the weight gained by the chicken through the consumption of starter +
grower feed was greater than the weight gained by the chickens by consuming the starter ration.

Tables and Graphs

Graph showing The output produced by the Starter and Starter Grower Feed
Graph Showing Ratio of Output of Starter Grower to Starter

Discussion
Starter and grower feed is more efficient compared to that of starter feed only and this was
shown in the graph above. The chickens gained more weight while consuming the starter and
grower feed. Grower and Starter did better because the feed contained more nutrients and is thus
more concentrated causing the chicken to grow faster and heavier. This is because the starter and
grower feed is rich in protein and carbohydrates compared to the starter feed with only protein.

(According to Smith, 2015+) Starter feed is a protein dense variety of chicken feed designed to
meet the dietary requirements of baby chicks. The chicks live comfortably off the diet of starter
feed and water for the first 6 weeks of their growth and life until they change over to grower
feed. The high protein content, usually between 20-24%, helps young chicks grow healthy and
develop their body muscularly in order to adapt and survive to current conditions, however an
excess in starter feed after six weeks with its high protein concentration would result in liver
failure or damage.

Advantages of the utilization of these feed are: (According to O'Neill, 2019), stimulate gut
development and increase nutrient absorption rate, and will condition the chick for the arrival of
subsequent diets. This diet can also be designed with characteristics that promote early feed
intake, for example, using colorants and a palatable feed form. This develops their muscle tone
and increases their survivability rates. Thus your initial production would be off to a good start
from the beginning.

Starter grower feed combination is a proporional concentration of starter feed mixed with grower
feed in combinations. (According to Smith,2015), Starter feed is protein dense and is used to
enhance muscularity, survivability and adaptability of chicks while Grower feed in many ways is
like chicken feed for teenage chicks. Grower feed contains a protein content that is between 16-
18% but has less calcium and more carbohydrates.

Conclusion
It can be concluded that broilers fed with starter and grower feed produce more output and the
feed is therefore more cost effective with the assurance of high profits.

Limitations
 Due to an accident some of the chickens from one side got mixed up with the other side,
this could have led to inaccurate results.

Recommendation
I would recommend both starter and grower feed instead of starter feed because it would ensure
maximum profits great output and cost effectiveness.
Cost Analysis of Broiler Production

Projected Income

Item Unit Cost (per lb.) Quantity Total ($)

Chickens (live 190 225 42,750

Projected Expenditure

Item Unit Cost Quantity Total ($)

Chicks 170 50 6500

Feed: Starter 6000 per bag 2 12,000

Grower 5700 per bag 3 17,100

Labor 1 person 2000

Utilities 1000

40,600

Projected profit = Projected Income – Projected Expenditure

= $42,750 - $40,600

= $2150
Actual Income

Item Unit Cost (per lb.) Quantity (lb.) Total ($)

Chickens 260 258.5 67,210

Actual Expenditure

Item Unit Cost Quantity Total ($)

Chicks 160 50 8000

Feed: Starter 6000 per bag 2 12,000

Grower 5700 per bag 3 17,100

Utilities 1000

38,100

Actual Profit = Actual Income – Actual expenditure

= $67,210 - $38,100

= $29,110
Discussion

The Actual Income and the projected income had a huge marginal difference of $24,460. This
was due to differences in the particulars themselves. In actual income the unit cost of a pound of
chicken was $260 while in the projected income it was only $170 per pound. The quantity of
meat gained in the actual income was 258.5 while in the projected income it was 225 lbs.

The actual expenditure and projected expenditure had only a small difference of $2500 where
projected expenditure was higher. This was also due to differences in the particulars. In actual
expenditure the unit cost of a chick was $160 while in projected expenditure the unit cost was
$170. In actual expenditure, labor was voluntarily done so no costs were incurred but in the
projected expenditure, labor was paid for with $2000.

The actual profit and projected profit have a huge difference. The actual income was higher
because There was a higher income and lower expenditure than in Projected profit. Because the
smaller the losses the higher the profits.
Cost analysis of Crop production

Projected Income

Items Unit Cost Quantity (lb.) Total ($)

Sweet Pepper: packaged 180 10 1400

unpackaged 140 10 1800

3200

Projected Expenditure

Items Unit Cost Quantity Total ($)

Sweet Pepper 100/dz 2 dz 200

Labor 300

Fertilizer (15:15:15) 100/lb. 2 lb. 200

Insecticide 500/100ml 100ml 500

Plastic wrap 260/roll 1 roll 260

Plastic Bowl 120/dz 1 dz 120

Labels 80/dz 1 dz 80

1660

Projected Profit = Projected Income – Projected Expenditure

=$3200- $1660

= $1540
Actual Income

Item Unit Cost Quantity (lbs.) Total ($)

Sweet pepper: Packaged 240/lbs. 8 1920

Unpackaged 180/lbs. 17.5 3150

5070

Actual Expenditure

Items Unit Cost Quantity Total ($)

Sweet Pepper 100/dz 2 dz 200

Plastic Bowl 120/dz 1 dz 120

Labels 80/dz 1 dz 80

400

Actual Profit = Actual income- Actual Expenditure

= $5070 - $400

= $4670
Discussion:

The actual income and projected income were different from each other by a margin of $1870.
The incomes differ because of the different particulars. In actual income, the unit cost of:
packaged sweet pepper was $240; the unit cost of unpackaged sweet pepper was $180 while in
the projected income was: packaged sweet pepper was $180 and unpackaged sweet pepper was
$140. The quantity of sweet pepper obtained in the actual income was 25.5 lbs. while in the
projected income the quantity obtained was 20 lbs.

The actual expenditure and projected expenditure had a difference of $1260. This was attributed
by the difference in the particulars. In the projected expenditure, extra costs were incurred which
are not found in the actual expenditure. They were: labor, fertilizer, insecticide, and plastic wrap.

The Actual income and projected income were different by a margin of $3130. This was because
their income and expenditure differed. The income of the actual profit was higher and the
expenses were smaller hence a larger profit was made than projected.