Poolsafebc

PoolSafeBC
PoolSafeBC
PoolSafeBC
Best Practices Guide

Table of Contents
Introduction
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Section 1: Rights and Responsibilities

Rights and Responsibilities of Employers and Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Employer Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Joint Occupational Health and Safety Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Safety Inspections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Responsibilities of Supervisors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Workers’ Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Workers’ Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Section 2: Hazards
Swimming Pool Hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Indoor Air Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Heat Stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Biohazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Lockout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Confined Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Fatigue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Slips, Trips, Falls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Musculoskeletal Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Microbiological Organisms and their Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Bacteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Fungi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Viruses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Protozoa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Amoebae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Section 3: Chemical Safety

Swimming Pool Chemical Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Toxic Process Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Hypochlorites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Bromine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Treatment Chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Testing Chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
WHMIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Personal Protective Equipment for Chemical Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Eye Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Foot Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Skin Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Respirators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Section 4: Emergency Preparation and Response

Preparing for and Responding to Emergencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Emergency Response Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Emergency Drills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
First Aid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Working Alone or in Isolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Workplace Violence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Appendices
Appendix 1: Sample Material Safety Data Sheet: Sodium Hypochlorite . . . . . 32
Appendix 2: Template for Chlorine Exposure Control Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Appendix 3: Personal Protective Equipment for Chemical Safety . . . . . . . . . 37
Appendix 4: Risk Assessment for Exposure to Hazardous Substances . . . . . . 38
Appendix 5: Sample Check-In Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Appendix 6: Check-In Assessment Work Sheet For Working Alone . . . . . . . . 40
Appendix 7: Risk Assessment Tables for Working Alone or in Isolation . . . . . 41
Appendix 8: Risk Assessment Worksheet — Violence in the Workplace . . . . . 42
PoolSafeBC
PoolSafeBC
T here are between 80 and 100 time-loss
injuries each year to aquatic staff. Although
WorkSafeBC does not keep statistics, there have
In one instance the worker was working alone doing
some repairs to the pool basin. The pool was full
and in normal functioning mode. He inadvertently
probably been at least that many medical aid got too close to the pool drain and was sucked onto
claims. Most injuries arise from strains, sprains, the grating, forming a seal. The differential pressures
falls, and being struck by objects. prevented the worker from releasing from the drain
and he was held there till the air in his SCBA ran out.
About half of all aquatic staff are under the age of
22, the most vulnerable age group for accidents This wouldn’t happen in newer pools because they
at work. Some young workers believe “it won’t have multiple main drains. If one is blocked, the
happen to me,” and won’t raise questions if asked other takes over. But there are still a number of
to do a dangerous task. Maybe they don’t have older pools in the province with the single main
the experience to recognize the dangers, or maybe drain design.
they don’t want to look bad in front of their boss
In the second case, a young worker was trying
or coworkers. But with 34 young workers being
to repair wave chamber grates and was moving
injured on BC jobsites every working day; 5 being
in and out of an underwater confined space. She
permanently disabled each week, and about 5
ended up getting drawn onto an intake pipe for
dying each year at work, maybe image isn’t that
a waterslide. Because of the strong suction, she
important.
could not release herself.
About 70% of injuries are to women — partly
Tragedies such as these can be prevented when
because there are more women than men working
we know the hazards and take the necessary
in pools.
steps to address them. Pool safety is everyone’s
There have been two worker fatalities in pools in BC. responsibility — workers and management alike.

Rights and
Responsibilities
Rights and Responsibilities of Employers and Workers

Employer Responsibilities Joint Occupational Health and Safety
E mployers have a number of legal responsibilities,

according to the Workers’ Compensation Act and
the WorkSafeBC Occupational Health and Safety
Committee
If an organization has 20 or more workers, the
employer must have a Joint Occupational Health
Regulation. and Safety Committee.
Their main responsibility is to ensure the health The Joint Occupational Health and Safety
and safety of all workers at a jobsite, whether they Committee is comprised of elected worker
are employees or contract workers. This involves: representatives as well as representatives from
❑ remedying hazardous conditions management.
❑ establishing health and safety policies and
Both employer and worker representatives are involved
programs
in conducting investigations of incidents or injuries.
❑ providing personal protective equipment
These include serious injury or death, incidents with
❑ complying with the laws and regulations
the potential for serious injury, structural failure,
❑ providing education and training for workers
major release of a hazardous substance, or any case
and supervisors
where a worker requires medical treatment. Anyone
❑ cooperating with the Joint Occupational
who is required to conduct investigations must have
Health and Safety Committee
been trained to do so.
❑ informing workers of actual or potential health
and safety hazards Investigations of incidents or accidents are important
to help make sure they don’t happen again.
These are onerous responsibilities. An employer
can be held accountable by employees and by A major release of a toxic or hazardous substance
WorkSafeBC officers. Employers that fail to meet is defined by the Board as an incident causing
their legal responsibilities could face a lawsuit or one person to require medical aid or two people
criminal prosecution. to require first aid. Also, it is considered a major

SECTION 1: Rights and Responsibilities
release when it is beyond the capability of the and the Regulations and any applicable orders
employer to clean it up quickly. written by the Board
❑ ensure that the workers under their direct
In the case of serious injury or death, structural
supervision are made aware of all health or
failure, or major release of a hazardous substance,
safety hazards in their work area
the Board must be notified immediately.
❑ ensure that workers comply with the Act, the
Regulation and any orders
Safety Inspections
❑ consult and cooperate with the Occupational
To prevent illness and injury, all workplaces must
Health and Safety Committee
have frequent, regular safety inspections. Some
❑ cooperate with the Board and any officers of
inspections must involve members of the safety
the Board who may be at the workplace.
committee.
Here are some of the specific responsibilities of
Pool Operators should consult manufacturer
supervisors under WorkSafeBC regulations:
equipment/operator manuals to determine what
❑ correct any unsafe conditions or acts in the
equipment requires inspection, and how often.
workplace, as reported by workers under their
supervision
Responsibilities of Supervisors ❑ investigate accidents or incidents
Supervisors have a big responsibility under the ❑ investigate instances in which a worker is
Workers’ Compensation Act. refusing to carry out what he or she feels is
According to the Act, a supervisor is anyone who unsafe work
instructs, directs and controls workers in the ❑ prevent workers with a physical or mental
performance of their duties. impairment from working. Workers are
expected to inform their supervisor of any
This means that anyone responsible for overseeing impairment, but if they don’t, supervisors must
the work of another person, even for a couple of prevent them from working in an unsafe state
hours, is a supervisor. Many workers are surprised ❑ ensure that workers have appropriate personal
to find that they are supervisors under the law. protective equipment, that they wear it correctly,
In most organizations, people in the following and that the equipment is properly cleaned,
positions are considered supervisors: Managers, inspected, maintained and stored
aquatic supervisors, aquatic leaders, shift supervisors,
and mentors. The titles may vary from organization Workers’ Responsibilities
to organization, so check with your employer to find Workers also have some legal responsibilities under
out if your job falls under the definition of supervisor. the Act.
According to the Workers’ Compensation Act, Their most important responsibility is to protect their
supervisors must: own health and safety and that of other workers.
❑ ensure the health and safety of all workers Health and safety at work is based on teamwork.
under their direct supervision
Workers are also required to:
❑ be knowledgeable about the Act and the
❑ follow established safe work procedures
WorkSafeBC Regulations applicable to the
❑ wear personal protective equipment if and as
work being supervised
required
❑ comply with the Workers’ Compensation Act
❑ report all hazards and injuries.
PoolSafeBC
PoolSafeBC
SECTION 1: Rights and Responsibilities
Workers’ Rights In addition, the WorkSafeBC Prevention Information

Workers have rights as well as responsibilities. Line can answer your questions about workplace
These include: health and safety, worker and employer responsibilities,
❑ being properly trained and supervised and reporting a workplace accident or incident. The
❑ being provided with proper personal protective Prevention Information Line accepts anonymous calls.
equipment Phone 604 276-3100 in the Lower Mainland,
❑ refusing work that they consider hazardous to or call 1 888 621-7233 (621-SAFE) toll-free in
themselves or others British Columbia.
For more information about workers’ and To report after-hours and weekend accidents and
employers’ rights and responsibilities, go to emergencies, call 604 273-7711 in the Lower
www.worksafebc.com. Mainland, or call 1 866 922-4357 (WBC-HELP)
toll-free in British Columbia.

Hazards
Swimming Pool Hazards

T here are a number of potential hazards for
workers in pool settings. The main ones
include:
released as gases in the air, which can have a
negative effect on air quality.
Microbiological Growth
❑ Indoor Air Quality
Organisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa,
❑ Heat Stress
and amoebae are by-products of poor air quality. For
❑ Biohazards
details about the different types and their effects on
❑ Lockout
people, see the information sheet on Microbiological
❑ Confined Spaces
Organisms and their Effects later in the Appendix.
❑ Fatigue
❑ Noise Warm, moist places like pools are ideal for mould
❑ Slips, Trips, Falls and bacterial growth. We must control biological
❑ Musculoskeletal Injuries growth in open water areas of the HVAC system,
and in places like washrooms and change rooms.
Indoor Air Quality Moulds are everywhere and there are more than
Poor air quality is a significant hazard in pools. 100,000 different species. It’s impossible to eliminate
Two types of chemical compounds can affect air moulds from our homes or workplaces but we can
quality — trihalomethane and chloramines. control their growth. The best protection against
these hazards is safe indoor air quality and proper
Trihalomethanes result from reactions between cleaning. Washing thoroughly with the appropriate
organic materials in the water and the chlorine cleaners will prevent the problem from starting.
that has been added as a disinfectant.
Here are some things that can be done to control
Chloramines form when the chlorine in the water organic matter in the pool:
has been weakened by contaminants such as urine, ❑ insist that bathers take showers with soap
perspiration, etc. before entering the pool
Both trihalomethanes and chloramines can be ❑ provide bathroom breaks for swimming classes

SECTION 2: Hazards
❑ educate the public about their responsibility to Regular maintenance of air handling units,
keep the pool clean especially changing filters as per manufacturers’
❑ post signs to remind them recommendations, is essential to ensure good pool
❑ clean all surfaces every day. air quality.
Air Turnover, Humidity, and Temperature The water in the aquatic facility has a big impact
WorkSafeBC has standards that govern temperature, on indoor air quality. Watch out for stagnant
humidity and air distribution in a building. For water and be sure to control water features that
swimming pools, some of the normal ranges cannot generate aerosols. The increased humidity caused
apply. Obviously, humidity cannot be kept low in a by spray pools will impact the indoor air quality
pool environment, but it should be kept between 50% because it causes air pollutants to be more
and 60%. Lower than 50% causes heating issues and concentrated.
makes it too cold for swimmers. Higher than 60%
Complaints about Air Quality
encourages corrosion and condensation problems as
When there is a complaint about air quality,
well as swimmer discomfort.
Occupational Health and Safety regulations call for
Air temperature should be kept at 1 or 2 degrees an immediate investigation.
above the main pool temperature. For example, a
This investigation will include an inspection of
pool temperature of 28°C requires an air temperature
the ventilation rate, the distribution of air within
of 29°C. This temperature is appropriate for bathers,
the building, and the HVAC system. It may
but it can cause heat, dehydration and fatigue
also involve taking samples of possible airborne
concerns for lifeguards. That’s why having water on
contaminants.
deck and regular rotations are essential.
The employer must keep a record of the complaint,
the investigation, any findings, and any actions
taken.
The Importance of Proper Maintenance
A regular maintenance schedule is essential for
air quality. This includes: calibrating the sensors,
cleaning duct work, cleaning areas where water
has accumulated, cleaning air intake vents,
checking drain traps, and inspecting HVAC
systems.
The Keys to Healthy Air Quality
Here are the keys to healthy air quality in a pool:
❑ proper ventilation
Air intake ❑ good water chemistry
❑ appropriate chlorine levels (studies suggest
Turnover of air in pools obviously has to happen
increased chlorine can reduce chloramines)
more often than in the office area. Pool air handling
❑ adequate water turnover.
systems need to be designed and calibrated to allow
for 4 to 6 air changes per hour. Typical settings are for The BC Health Act establishes chlorine levels and
50% fresh air being introduced on each air change. water flow rates.
PoolSafeBC
PoolSafeBC
SECTION 2: Hazards
Water Turnover in Pools Supervisors need to be able to recognize the signs

The maximum water turnover time is 6 hours for and symptoms of heat disorders, to monitor their
the main pool and 2 hours for the leisure pool. The staff to ensure they are not being affected, and to
maximum turnover time for whirlpools is 1 hour. render appropriate first aid if necessary.
The table on page 13 provides a summary of heat-
related disorders, their symptoms, and what can
be done about them.
Heat Stress
OHS Regulations requires employee education
and training, and other programs to prevent heat
disorders.
The Wet Bulb Globe Thermometer (WBGT)
measures the effect of heat on the body’s core
temperature. It does this by combining the effects
of radiant heat sources like the sun and heaters,
with the ambient temperature and prevailing
humidity. The WBGT also notes any air
movement that would aid evaporation of moisture
Example of standing water from the skin, a natural cooling mechanism.
Turnover time calculation is based on a number of

factors; a proper calculation based on these factors
would determine the optimum turnover time for
your size of pool.
For instance, high bather loads and use of water
features like sprays may require a turnover of 4 hours
for the main pool and 1½ hours for the leisure pool.
“The solution to pollution is dilution,” which is
why experts recommend 40 litres of fresh water
Wet bulb globe thermometer
per bather per day. This may require additional
heating equipment. Here are the WBGT trigger points, assuming the
humidity level is in the normal range of 50 to 60%:
Heat Stress Light Work 27.5°C
Another hazard to workers in pools is heat stress. Moderate Work 25.0°C
Heat stress can result from high temperature, high Heavy Work 22.5°C
humidity, or a direct source like a boiler or even
sunlight. But without an expensive WBGT thermometer
and/or if your dehumidifier isn’t working correctly,
There are many heat-related disorders. The these temperatures can’t be used as trigger points.
four main ones are heat rash, heat cramps, heat This is because they don’t take into account the high
exhaustion, and heat stroke. humidity in pool areas.

SECTION 2: Hazards
Heat Stress Exposure Control Plan ❑ Personal Protective Equipment. A fifth measure
The best way to deal with heat stress issues is to would be personal protective equipment such as
assess the workplace and establish a heat stress water-cooled vests, which wouldn’t be feasible in
exposure control plan. a pool environment.
There are three parts to an exposure control Guidelines for working in a hot environment:
plan — temperature, work levels, and hierarchy of ❑ Thirst is not an adequate indicator. Relying on
controls. thirst will result in dehydration.
❑ Dehydration is difficult to reverse. Adequate
The first one, temperature trigger, is the threshold
fluid intake throughout the work shift is
temperature at which heat stress could be an issue,
critical.
usually 30°C.
❑ Workers should drink one cup (150ml) of cool
The second factor is work level, whether it’s water every 15-20 minutes.
light, moderate, or heavy. The employee’s work ❑ Profuse sweating may call for a commercial
clothing will also affect vulnerability to heat stress. electrolyte replacement drink. Some drinks
Lifeguards and pool maintenance workers may are too concentrated and need to be diluted or
both work in a pool, but their jobs are different consumed with water.
and they wear different clothing. ❑ Avoid salt tablets. They irritate the stomach
and can cause vomiting, which results in
The third component in a heat stress exposure
further dehydration.
control plan involves dealing with “a hierarchy of
controls.” This is a series of measures to remove or
Biohazards
reduce a hazard. They range from most effective to
least effective: A major hazard in pool environments is exposure
❑ Elimination. The first and most effective to others’ blood or body fluids, which could be
would be eliminating the task. contaminated with hepatitis or AIDS. There are
❑ Substitution. Second would be substituting the many ways to prevent such exposures.
task or process for one that is less hazardous. Lifeguards, first aid workers, and others whose
❑ Engineering Controls. Third would be jobs entail physical contact with the public, are
engineering controls such as modifying the considered to have “occupational exposure.”
HVAC system to eliminate or lessen the Occupational exposure means they could have
hazard. harmful contact, it does not mean that they have
❑ Administrative Controls. If the task cannot had harmful contact. The Occupational Health
be eliminated or substituted and the HVAC and Safety Regulation requires training in control
system is working properly, the fourth measure procedures, which might include using protective
would be administrative controls such as equipment such as gloves.
shortened shifts in the hot pool environment
and putting staff on a rotation through an All employees with occupational exposure must be
air-conditioned room. Providing cool drinking offered a free Hepatitis B vaccination. This is a series
water and giving staff an opportunity to jump of three shots (day 1, day 30, and six months later)
in the water, or walk under a water spray, will that will protect you against Hepatitis B for life.
reduce their body temperature and diminish If there is a chance that someone has had harmful
the risk of a heat exposure disorder. contact with blood or body fluids, they must
10 PoolSafeBC
PoolSafeBC
SECTION 2: Hazards
Table of Heat-Related Disorders

Disorder Signs & Symptoms Cause Prevention First Aid Treatment
Heat Rash “Prickly Heat”. Tiny raised, Skin is constantly wet Shower after working Keep skin clean & dry
blister-like rash. from sweat. Sweat gland in hot environment
ducts become plugged,
leading to inflammation.
Heat Cramp Painful muscle spasms in Not well understood. Adequate water Rest. Drink water and eat more salty foods.
arms, legs or abdomen May be due to a loss intake and adequate If cramps persist, seek medical attention.
during or after hard of salt from sweating. salt intake at meals.
physical work Dehydration is a factor. Do not use salt
tablets.
Heat General weakness, Dehydration causes Acclimatization. This is a medical emergency. Notify
Exhaustion tiredness and poor muscle blood volume to the first aid attendant and arrange for
control decrease medical help as quickly as possible.
Drink plenty of water.
Dizziness & fainting First Aid procedure:
• Immediately attempt to cool the worker.
Headache & nausea
• If the worker is not breathing or is
Pale, cool & clammy skin unconscious, follow regular first aid
procedures.
Rapid pulse
• Move worker to the coolest area
Shallow breathing available.
Sweating • Loosen or remove outer clothing.
• Constantly sponge or spray worker with
Muscle cramps water or cover with wet sheets.
Normal or slightly elevated • Continue to cool worker while waiting
temperature for medical help or during transport.
• If the worker is conscious, fully alert
and not nauseated, give the worker
cool drinks sprinkled with salt, and
salty-tasting foods. Salt tablets are not
recommended.
• Continuously monitor the worker closely
and give life-saving first aid as needed.
Heat Stroke Hot, dry, flushed skin Partial or complete Acclimatization This is a medical emergency. Notify
failure of sweating the first aid attendant and arrange for
Usually sweating but may Close monitoring of
mechanism. The body medical help as quickly as possible
have stopped if advanced workers for signs and
cannot get rid of excess
heat stroke is present symptoms of heat- First aid and treatment is the same as for
heat.
related disorders heat exhaustion.
Agitation & confusion
Medical screening for
Headache
personal risk factors
Nausea & vomiting
Drink plenty of water
Rapid, shallow breathing
Irregular pulse
Possible seizures & loss of
consciousness
Possible shock & cardiac
arrest
Best Practices Guide 11

SECTION 2: Hazards
report to first aid immediately, and may be advised

to seek immediate medical attention at a hospital
emergency department. There is about a two-hour
window after exposure to HIV in which anti-
retroviral drugs can prevent the “bug” from taking
hold. Only a physician can recommend a course of
anti-retrovirals.
Lock-out
Lock-out means using a padlock to prevent anyone
from energizing the system, whether it’s hydraulic,
electrical, or gravity-based.
Those assigned to perform a lock-out are each given
different locks. Everyone working on the system
must lock out and must check to make sure the
equipment cannot be started.
Here are the steps to performing a lock-out:
1. Turn the machine off with a stop button at
the control panel. If you are locking out a
breaker for changing a light panel, turn off
the wall switch.
2. Lock out the main breaker for the machine
or equipment. Always stand with back to the
electrical panel and turn head away. Then, if
there is a problem and the panel door blows
open, the worker will be mostly in the clear.
3. Apply lock to the breaker. Follow this with
a “do not start” tag, if specific lockout
procedures require that.
4. Test the lock-out. Go back to the control
panel and push the start button, or turn
the wall switch back on, to ensure that the
equipment cannot be activated, and that
the correct breaker has been locked out.
5. Turn the machine or wall switch off again
after testing it.
After performing the work, be sure to remove the Never work, even for a second, on equipment that
lock. If not, management will have to remove it. has not been locked out.
They must follow a specific procedure for ensuring
workers are okay before removing the lock.
12 PoolSafeBC
PoolSafeBC
SECTION 2: Hazards
Below is an example of a lock-out procedure for a circulation pump:
SAMPLE Equipment Lockout Procedure

Equipment to be locked out: Chlorine pump
Lockout Kit Station – Located in Arena lower lobby electrical room
Purpose:
To allow for the safe repair / maintenance of equipment and to ensure there is no possibility of
energizing equipment while it is unsafe to do so.
Procedure:
1. Gather required lockout equipment from the lockout kit station
2. At MCC panel # 1 in the mechanical basement
a. Locate the appropriate chlorine pump
b. Turned the H-O-A (hand – off – auto) switch to O for Off position
c. Ensure motor is switched off.
d. Switch the motor circuit breaker to the off position
e. Install a lockout lock and tag to the lockout bracket on the right side of the circuit
breaker switch. Label the tag with your name, date and reason for install with water
soluble marker.
Each person working on the equipment must apply their own lock to the lock out
bracket. If there is no room for additional locks you will need to install a scissor
attachment from the lockout kit.
f. Ensure circuit breaker switch cannot be turn on
3. After work has been completed
a. Ensure all personnel are clear of area before removing locks
b. Remove lockout locks
c. Turn all switches back to working positions
d. Return lockout equipment to lockout station

SECTION 2: Hazards
Confined Spaces Fatigue

Confined spaces are a hazard that is often ignored. Fatigue is another hazard in the workplace. Long
Confined spaces are completely unforgiving. Workers work hours and/or many consecutive days of work can
are rarely injured in confined spaces — they die. make workers feel tired, irritable, depressed, or giddy.
Workers may lose appetite, have digestive problems, or
A confined space is not always a totally enclosed tank,
be more vulnerable to catching a cold or flu.
and is sometimes difficult to recognize. It is officially
defined in the Regulation as an enclosed, or partially Not only is fatigue bad for the worker, it is bad for
enclosed, space that is: the workplace. Fatigued workers may:
❑ not intended for human occupancy ❑ react more slowly than usual
❑ big enough for a person to get inside to ❑ respond incorrectly or not at all to things
perform work going on around them
❑ difficult to get in and out of to perform rescue ❑ show poor logic and judgment
and/or first aid. ❑ have trouble concentrating
❑ be less motivated and more forgetful
Workers entering an empty pool to do repair work
❑ take more risks
are not required to follow all the requirements
of the Confined Space Entry sections of the Here are some ways that fatigued workers cope:
Regulation. However, if using epoxies or resins ❑ working more slowly
in the pool, or welding, or even using certain ❑ relying on fellow workers
cleaning chemicals, the requirements may apply. ❑ checking and rechecking their work
The employer must ensure that any work to be ❑ choosing to carry out less critical tasks.
done in the pool is done safely — particularly if
Most people need 7½ to 8½ uninterrupted hours of
any chemicals such as cleaners are used.
sleep each day. A single night’s shortened or disrupted
There are many confined spaces in a swimming sleep may not be a problem, but repeated disruptions
pool setting, besides the pool basin. These include over days and weeks can affect performance.
crawl spaces, the wave chamber, sump pump
A worker completing an extended work shift may
chambers, filter tanks, surge tanks, the DE
have only 4 to 5 hours for sleep once travel, eating,
settling pit, and the DE filter tank.
and social time are taken into account.
Confined spaces kill. Too many people have
The human body needs time to recover from the
died in confined spaces because they have not
effects of workplace exposures, combined with fatigue.
recognized the hazard. It is impossible to see or
Employers need to consult an occupational hygiene
smell an absence of oxygen. Often people have
specialist regarding exposure to hazards such as noise,
died, simply because they have gotten too close
vibration, chemicals, and extreme temperatures over
to the entrance and have been overcome by the
a longer workday. Personal protective equipment such
unseen gas inside.
as respirators or specialized clothing can also have an
Workers who are required to enter confined spaces effect if worn for extended work hours.
must receive specific training and education in
Fatigued workers mean more accidents and
confined space entry procedures. If workers have
injuries. There are many hazards that can plague
not yet received this training, confined spaces
workers who are not alert. Work schedules need to
must not be entered.
take this into account.
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SECTION 2: Hazards
Noise
Hearing protection is definitely required in some
areas of every aquatic facility.
The 8-hour exposure limit for noise is 85 decibels.
Employers must take noise level sampling
wherever a worker is exposed or might be
exposed to noise levels above 82 decibels. An
exception is when the employer knows that
workers are exposed to levels above 82 decibels.
In that case, sampling isn’t required, but the
employer must offer a program of education and
training, and must attempt to eliminate or lessen
the noise.
Any mechanical room likely has noise levels that
exceed 82 decibels. If the noise hazard cannot
be eliminated, it must be reduced, if possible. If
it cannot be reduced to levels below 82 decibels,
then administrative controls — keeping workers
out of the high noise area, posting warning
signs, and personal protective equipment such
as earplugs or ear muffs need to be provided.
Annual hearing tests must be conducted for
workers exposed to noise in excess of the
exposure limits.
If the exposure is long enough, hearing can be
damaged at 82 decibels. The louder the noise, the
less exposure is needed to permanently damage
hearing.
Here are the approximate noise levels of some
common equipment and situations:
Source dB
heavy city traffic 85
gas lawn mower 90
hair dryer 90
chainsaw 110
jackhammer 125

SECTION 2: Hazards
Slips, Trips, and Falls fall of a few or several feet. People have died after
Given the mechanics of walking, it is surprising that falling just a few feet.
humans don’t fall more often. Falls from ladders cause serious injuries each year.
Slips Here are a few precautions:
Slips most commonly occur when the back heel ❑ Always inspect the ladder before use to be sure
strikes the ground and weight is transferred to the it is in good condition. If not, remove it from
lead foot. If the lead foot slips out, the support base service.
is lost and a fall occurs. ❑ Always place ladders on a secure, level surface.
Never place them on boxes, barrels or other
Many lower back injuries occur when a person unstable bases, to obtain greater height.
carrying or lifting an object tries to recover from a ❑ Never work from the top two rungs or steps of
slip or loss of balance. any ladder.
To prevent slips, wear appropriate footwear and ❑ Always face the ladder when climbing up or
keep walking surfaces clean. Walking surfaces down.
should be suitable for pushing, pulling, and ❑ Use the three point contact rule: Two hands
carrying. They should provide adequate foot grip and one foot or two feet and one hand in
but allow wheels to roll freely. contact with the ladder at all times.
Rough, deeply textured surfaces are not the best way In order to prevent falls, this is the hierarchy that
to prevent slipping because they can cause tripping. must be followed.
Wet surfaces are invariable slippery, and expected in The hierarchy applies when working at a height
your work environment. Always remember this and of 3 meters or more, or from lower heights if
take extra care. Be aware, also, that sloped surfaces there are other hazards such as rebar sticking up
could be far more slippery than flat surfaces. through the concrete.
Trips The first measure would be guardrails. If installing

Abrupt changes in the height of a walking surface them is not possible, then there needs to be some
present a tripping hazard, even if the change is as kind of fall restraint. In the absence of guardrails
little as 1 cm. Making the transition from a low-slip or fall restraint, there needs to be a fall arrest
resistance surface such as a sand-covered loading device to keep you from falling more than 1.2
ramp to a high-slip resistance surface such as a meters. If none of these measures are possible,
clean, dry, asphalt pad, can also cause tripping. there needs to be a monitoring system such as a
fellow worker standing by to alert you if you are
To prevent tripping, make a point of adapting your getting too close to the drop off.
walk to the surface. Some other precautions include
keeping as few objects as possible on walking and When there is the risk of a fall of 7.6 meters or
working surfaces; eliminating abrupt changes more, there must be a written fall protection
in walking surface height; and, where possible, program.
replacing stairs with ramps between levels. If working from a boom lift, personal protective
Falls equipment such as a harness and lifeline are
Falls are often underestimated. Serious injury can mandatory as soon as the worker enters the
occur with a fall on the same surface, let alone a bucket.
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SECTION 2: Hazards
Musculoskeletal Injury Common aquatic centre tasks that could cause

Musculoskeletal injuries (MSIs) are the single largest MSIs include
type of injury suffered by workers in BC. Strains ❑ moving lane ropes/bulkheads
and sprains from physical exertion, physical activity, ❑ lifting clients (children, disabled)
or poor body mechanics account for more than 800 ❑ lifting chemical containers (sacks are very
days of time loss by lifeguards every year. awkward to lift)
Injury occurs when the demands on the joints, Here are four principles to prevent back strain
discs, ligaments, and muscles trying to hold the when lifting.
spine together are too great. 1. Keep the natural curve in your lower back
2. Contract your abdominal muscles. This
Here are some actions that can result in MSIs: improves spine stability
❑ repeated movements involved in loading — 3. Avoid twisting
i.e., lifting, pushing, pulling and carrying 4. Hold the load as close to your body as
❑ repeated forward bending possible
❑ sitting for too long — this leads to more
injuries than lifting. Being in good physical shape is also necessary.

SECTION 2: Hazards
Microbiological Organisms and their Effects

Bacteria Fungi
Below are the formal and common names of some These include mushrooms, toadstools, or allied
of the bacterial infections that might arise in pools. plants, including moulds, which feed on organic
Some symptoms are also included. matter. Here are some of the fungal infections that
❑ Thermophilic actinomycetes (humidifier lung) might arise in pools.
❑ Klebsiella oxytoca (humidifier lung ) ❑ Sphaeropsidales genus (humidifier lung)
❑ Shigella genus Shigellosis (gastrointestinal tract ❑ Penicillium genus (humidifier lung)
infection) ❑ Epidemophyton, Trichlphyton and Microsporum
❑ Reiter’s syndrome (chronic joint pain similar to genera (ringworm, athlete’s foot)
arthritis)
Like bacteria, several fungal species are capable of
❑ Salmonella genus Salmonellosis
causing Pink Eye.
(gastrointestinal tract infection)
❑ Escherichia coli (gastrointestinal infection)
Viruses
❑ Streptococcus fecalis and viridans
Here are some of the viral infections that might
(gastrointestinal infection)
arise in pools, along with some of the symptoms.
❑ Staphylococcus aureus and pyogenes (eye, ear and
❑ Poliovirus (paralysis, meningitis, fever)
skin infections including impetigo, boils and
❑ Echovirus (meningitis, respiratory disease, rash,
carbuncles)
diarrhea, fever, vomiting)
❑ Legionella pneumophilia Legionellosis
❑ Coxsackievirus A (herpangina, meningitis,
(Legionnaires’ disease and Pontiac fever)
respiratory disease, fever)
❑ Leptospira Leptospirosis (fever, headache, chills,
❑ Coxsackievirus B (myocarditis, congenital
muscle ache, gastrointestinal upset, rash,
heart abnormalities, rash, fever, meningitis,
kidney failure, meningitis, and liver and
respiratory disease, and pleurodynia)
respiratory failure)
❑ Enterovirus Type 68 - 71 (meningitis,
❑ Mycobacterium genus:
respiratory disease, acute hemorrhagic
• Swimming Pool Granuloma (chronic
conjunctivitis, fever)
pulmonary inflammation),
❑ Hepatitis Type A (infectious hepatitis)
• Scrofula (infection of the lymph nodes in
❑ Norwalk Virus (vomiting, diarrhea, fever,
the neck)
abdominal cramps, headache, fever, chills,
• Mycobactrium Avium Complex (pulmonary
dehydration)
infection )
❑ Rotavirus (vomiting and diarrhea)
❑ Pseudomonas aeruginosa
❑ Adenovirus (respiratory disease, conjunctivitis)
• External Otitis (inflammation of the ear)
❑ Parainfluenza virus ( influenza [flu])
• Folliculitis (skin infection resulting in
❑ Human papillomavirus (warts)
a rash, corneal ulcers, urinary tract
❑ Mollusculum contagiosum (red rash/lesions that
infections)
can spread if not treated)
Several bacteria species are reported to be capable
of causing inflammation of the conjunctiva in the
eye, commonly called “Pink Eye.”
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SECTION 2: Hazards
Protozoa gastrointestinal upset, confusion, lack of

Here are some of the illnesses that might arise from attention, loss of balance, seizures and
these unicellular organisms. hallucinations)
❑ Cryptosporidium parvum (gastrointestinal illness) ❑ Acanthamoebae genus (corneal infections)
❑ Giardia lamblia Giardiasis (diarrhea) The best protection against any disease is
to follow Universal Precautions. Universal
Amoebae Precautions requires that all human blood and
Here are some of the illnesses and symptoms that other potentially infectious material be treated
might arise from these unicellular organisms. as if it were known to be infectious. Follow safe
❑ Naegleria Fowleri (rare but potentially fatal procedures for all tasks and use appropriate
amoebic meningoencephalitis with the personal protective equipment for the exposure.
symptoms of headache, fever, stiffness,

SECTION 2: Hazards
Chemical Safety
Swimming Pool Chemical Safety

There are numerous types of chemicals in use in
swimming pools. These include
❑ toxic process gases — chlorine or ozone
❑ hypochlorites
❑ bromine
❑ treatment chemicals
❑ testing chemicals
❑ WHMIS
Toxic Process Gases

Toxic process gases meet the toxicity criteria within
WHMIS definitions. The two used in pools are
chlorine and ozone.
The employer must conduct a risk assessment In line with the requirement for an employer to
to determine how workers could be exposed to make workers aware of all hazards in the workplace,
chlorine or ozone gases. Once the risk assessment an education program must be prepared to develop
is completed, an exposure control plan must be this awareness.
developed. The control plan
The chlorine gas and ozone generator and contact
❑ details written work procedures for performing
tanks must be located in sealed enclosures. The
hazardous tasks
entry/exit point for piping must be sealed.
❑ includes details of any necessary personal
protective equipment There must be sufficient ventilation to control
❑ determines which workers are actually the occasional fugitive emission and to control
authorized to enter hazard areas. heat and humidity. In addition, there must be
an emergency ventilation system, capable of

SECTION 3: Chemical Safety
safely exhausting the leaked gas to outside (not In salt ‘chlorination,’ chlorine is generated when
exhausted directly into the ventilation system of pool water with adequate salt content passes
the pool, for instance). through a series of units containing electrically
charged metal fins as part of the pool circulation
system. The amount of chlorine generated is
controlled by the operator and is water-based
causing no potential for a leak. However, another
salt-based system of generating chlorine does so
in an open tank with accompanying hazards and
the need for personal protective system. At this
time, this system has not been used in a public
pool in BC.
Chlorine alarm and emergency procedure
Twenty-four hour monitoring is mandatory. The

monitor must be able to set off an audible and
visible alarm to alert workers to a release of chlorine
or ozone. The monitor must be calibrated at least
annually. While calibration is being done, the
workplace must still be protected, so if at all
possible, the calibration should be done on-site.
Electrolytic chlorine generators
Hypochlorites
Calcium hypochlorite is a powerful oxidizing
agent and will react with anything organic such as
oil and grease, mineral spirits, paint, gasoline, etc.
In fact, a video produced for WorkSafeBC showed
calcium hypochlorite reacting with a little spilled
gasoline to ignite a wooden pallet in less than
four minutes. Sodium hypochlorite, also known
as “liquid chlorine” or bleach, is also noted as an
oxidizer, but the fact that it is an aqueous solution
limits any rapid reactions.
All hypochlorites react instantly with acidic
Chlorine gas room through viewing window materials (many cleaners) to release chlorine gas.
Breathing just a few parts per million can be
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extremely dangerous. In one pool, workers routinely

added muriatic acid to the water, then adjusted by
adding a little more bleach — but always using the
same bucket. Almost all the staff at this facility
were affected by eye, nose, and throat irritations.
Sodium hypochlorite has a pH of about 13 (on
a scale of 0–14). It is instantly corrosive to eyes
and rapidly burns skin and other tissue. Solid
hypochlorites will dissolve in body moisture or
mucous membranes in the eyes, nose, throat, lungs
and alimentary tract to cause the same problems.
All hypochlorites decompose on standing, even in form a very corrosive solution. When handling, a
ideal storage conditions — cool and dark. Bleach dust mask should be worn. Other chemicals such
will lose almost half the available chlorine in just as caustic soda are used for the same purpose and
four months. The gas that builds up is toxic. When require the same personal protective equipment.
opening a container of a solid hypochlorite, always Muriatic Acid
be in a well ventilated area and wear a respirator. Muriatic acid, otherwise known as hydrochloric acid,
General safety tips for working with hypochlorites: is used to lower the pH of a pool and also for some
❑ always turn lights on in a chlorine room cleaning tasks. The acid must be stored separately
❑ when working on chemical feed pumps, always from any chlorine compounds. In most cases of use
depressurize the system and use eye protection. in pool operations, muriatic acid can not be bulk
delivered and must be decanted from 20 litre carboys
Bromine into an acid storage vat where it is diluted 50/50 with
water. Note that it is important to do this in the
Bromine-based chemicals have some advantages over
correct order: the water is in a tank and the acid is
chlorine disinfection systems. They may provide
added to the water. Water is never added to acid.
❑ higher disinfection effect at higher pH values
❑ lower volatility at higher temperatures This manual handling raises hazard risk and
❑ less promotion of corrosion appropriate precautionary measures must be taken
❑ less generation of odours and irritation of the including chemical suit, gloves, boots, and full face
mucous membrane. respirator. Vapour release will cause a reaction with
sweat and moisture in eyes, creating hydrochloric acid.
However, bromine is still a hazardous chemical,
particularly when inhaled. As recommended by the Storage vats containing muriatic acid should be
MSDS, a respirator should be worn to prevent an inspected on a regular basis. Tanks should be
overexposure situation. replaced every ten years as the plastic becomes
brittle and is susceptible to fracturing.
Treatment Chemicals
Organic Chlorines
Soda Ash There are several organic chlorine chemicals — the
Soda ash, also known as sodium carbonate, is a family of isocyanurates — and these are also strong
powder that is used to raise the pH of the pool water. oxidizers. The same precautions must be taken with
Soda ash will dissolve in water or body moisture to these as with hypochlorites.

Pool Brighteners Workplace Hazardous Materials Information

Many of the pool brighteners and other treatment System provides for detailed labels on all industrial
chemicals are also oxidizers and similar precautions products, the provision of material safety data
are required. Always protect your eyes when using sheets (MSDS) for all hazardous chemicals, and
pool brighteners. requires that employers provide education in
WHMIS and the hazards of the chemicals in use
Diatomaceous Earth
in the workplace.
For those systems with diatomaceous earth (DE)
filters, the concern is with breathing the dust when Following that education, employers must provide
the DE is being added to the system. DE contains training in the work procedures designed to
“free silica,” which may cause lung cancer. prevent exposure to the hazardous chemicals.
To minimize the hazards associated with using DE: Material safety data sheets must be available
❑ always use a respirator with a HEPA filter in the workplace for every chemical in use,
❑ always use full bags of DE, never leave open and every worker has both the right and the
bags of DE sitting around responsibility to read the MSDS for a chemical
❑ cut DE bags open under water before actually using it. Material safety data
❑ never accept DE deliveries if bag has been sheets contain important information about
damaged ❑ Physical Data (how to recognize the material)
❑ conduct regular hosing and pipe washing to ❑ Fire and Explosion Data (precautions to take
minimize possible airborne dust exposure. to prevent fires)
❑ Reactivity Data (how to keep the material
Testing Chemicals from adversely reacting with other substances)
❑ Preventive Measures
❑ First Aid Measures
If working with chemicals, be sure staff know
where the material safety data sheets are kept, and
review them for all chemicals in the workplace.
Unfortunately, some chemicals are exempt
from parts of this program. Pesticides and
products bought at a retail store must meet the
The small plastic box with the testing chemicals
requirements of other legislation such as consumer
is a mix of several hazardous chemicals — from
labelling legislation. These do not require provision
hydrochloric acid, to DPD and other dangerous
of MSDS, although they are available for almost
substances.
all products. If there is no MSDS for a product
Workers must know the identity and hazards of covered by consumer labelling legislation, read the
all dangerous materials in the workplace and the label — it will have safe handling information.
employer must write safe work procedures for all
Even though the product may not fall under
tasks involving these chemicals.
WHMIS regulation, the employer is still required
to provide education and training in the safe use
WHMIS
of the products used in the workplace.
Every worker in Canada must know, understand,
and be able to use the WHMIS system. The
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Personal Protective Equipment for Chemical Safety

P ersonal protective equipment is used in everything
we do — from wearing non-slip shoes on the pool
deck to goggles when dealing with chemicals.
Foot Protection
Foot protection is often overlooked in aquatic
facilities.
The following are types of personal protective Bare feet or running shoes are not acceptable when
equipment (PPE) that must be used in a pool working with chemicals. Spilled chemicals will
environment when working with chemicals. soak through canvas and do considerable damage
to the feet. Leather or rubber shoes or boots are
Eye Protection mandatory. If there is danger of injury to the toes,
Ordinary eyeglasses do not constitute eye shoes or boots with safety toes should be worn.
protection. Adding side-shields will help, but a full
face shield is needed when dispensing corrosive Skin Protection
chemicals, or goggles when there is a risk of Skin protection comes in many forms. Certainly,
splashing into the eyes. you will need appropriate gloves when handling
In addition, an effective eye wash and shower are chemicals. Check the MSDS or safety supply
needed in chemical dispensing areas. A one litre company for the appropriate material.
squeeze bottle will not suffice. An eye wash must T-shirt and shorts are not appropriate for protection
provide a full 15 minute supply of tempered (room from chemicals. Proper clothing must be worn. You
temperature) water. may need to wear a rubber apron as well.
Respirators
Different types of respirators are required in
different situations. For all, the respirator must be
clean and sanitary and each person who may be
required to wear it must have an initial, and an
annual, fit-test to ensure a proper seal with the
face. To ensure a proper fit, you must be clean-
shaven where the respirator seals with the face.
Any person entering the chemical enclosure — no
matter what the reason — must carry an escape
respirator. An escape respirator may be, for chlorine,
either a bite-block or a half-facepiece respirator with
acid gas cartridges. The bite-block respirator also
has a nose clip, which must be worn to prevent the
corrosive gas being drawn up the nose. If, instead
of a bite-block respirator, the employee wears a
half-facepiece respirator, that employee must have
an annual qualitative fit-test to ensure that the
respirator actually does seal with the face.

For ozone, only a half- An annual fit-test must

facepiece respirator is be done by a qualified
available — fitted with person. In this fit-test, a
otherwise unused organic solution with a definite
vapour cartridges. Bite smell is waved around
blocks are not available the respirator. If you
for ozone. can smell the solution,
you’re not getting a
If any work is to be
good enough fit. If the
done on the gas delivery
smell can get through,
system, all persons in
then the hazardous
the enclosure must wear
products you’re trying
an approved respirator
to protect against, can
This could be a half-
get through as well.
facepiece respirator with
additional gas-tight goggles to protect the eyes, or a All respirators have an approved maximum
full-face respirator. As before, any person authorized allowable concentration (MAC). In order for any
to work on the system must have an annual fit-test employer or worker to know that it is safe to use
with the respirator they will actually wear. The a respirator in any given situation, it is crucial to
emergency procedure must include a standby person know the actual airborne concentration of the
ready to effect rescue. Training in the use of SCBA contaminant in question — in this case, chlorine
must be provided and documented. gas or ozone. If the airborne concentration is not
Workers must do a fit-check every time the known, then a SCBA (self-contained breathing
respirator is put on. The fit-check is very simple: apparatus) is the minimum acceptable form of
put the respirator on, cover the inhalation respirator.
valves — over the respirator cartridge — breathe
It isn’t sufficient to just have a SCBA unit on site.
in, and hold your breath for a few seconds. The
Workers must be trained in its use, must have
respirator should stay collapsed against your face.
regular training drills and the air must be changed
If it doesn’t, you have an air leak and the respirator
every six months.
does not fit you well enough. Another test is to
cover the exhalation valve gently, and breathe out. If an employer expects a worker to go into an area
There shouldn’t be any air escaping around the in which a respirator is required, then a proper
edge of the mask. respirator program is required.
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Emergency
Preparation and
Response
Preparing for and Responding to Emergencies

A s mentioned earlier in this guide, there have
been two fatalities in BC pools in recent years.
Both fatalities were a result of workers doing
All emergency plans must answer these simple
questions:
❑ What is the emergency?
repairs while diving in pools. ❑ When, or under what circumstances, might it
happen?
Is it legal for employees to do this?
❑ Why is an emergency plan necessary? What
No. Only commercial divers following regulations are the potential negative effects of this
are permitted to dive for maintenance purposes, not emergency?
lifeguards, even if they are SCUBA certified. ❑ How do staff deal with the emergency?
❑ Who is responsible for taking the required
Avoidable tragedies such as these highlight the need
action?
to know the safety rules and to abide by them.
Other than first aid, there are some less obvious
It is also important to have procedures in place to
considerations:
deal with emergencies.
❑ Who will perform crowd control? (e.g., keeping
away the general public)
Emergency Response Plans
❑ Who will assist the ambulance to get into the
There are many emergencies in a pool setting that
building entrance?
require effective response plans.
❑ Who will check the wind direction to ensure
What happens if there is a motor vehicle accident in that people stay upwind of vented chlorine
the parking lot? if several patrons get trapped in the gas?
waterslide? if there is a fire? if there is a chlorine leak? ❑ Does someone have sufficient knowledge and
appropriate PPE to start the cleanup after a
Do your staff and patrons immediately recognize
structural collapse or a chemical spill?
the signals for an evacuation? What does the
chlorine alarm sound like?

SECTION 4: Emergency Preparation and Response
Emergency Drills ❑ The person-check procedure — to be developed

Along with emergency plans, there must be in consultation with the worker and the
emergency drills. Here are some issues to bear in Occupational Health and Safety Committee. The
mind in developing successful drills: procedure will determine how often and under
❑ Do workers understand the emergency signals? what circumstances an employee working alone
❑ Does everyone know what to do in the event should check in.
of an emergency? ❑ An emergency procedure would deal with some
❑ Do patrons understand the signals? What do of the following situations. What if the check-in
staff do when they don’t? person doesn’t get a call at the designated time?
❑ Drills must be held at least once a year. How would anyone know if the worker didn’t
make it home at the end of the shift? There may
First Aid be instances in which a check in and check out
First aid is another important consideration in procedure has to be established between the
dealing with emergencies. supervisor and the worker.
The employer must do an assessment of the risk to There is a sample check-in procedure for employees
employees in a workplace to determine what first working alone provided in the Appendix.
aid is appropriate, and follow the Regulation to
determine the first aid attendant level, room and
Workplace Violence
equipment necessary. Workplace violence is a very real issue in pool settings.
Those expected to offer first aid to other workers Typical violence in the pool setting might include:
or to the public will have occupational exposure ❑ a lifeguard being pushed or struck by an irate
to blood-borne pathogens. Vaccination against parent or troubled youth
Hepatitis B is available and recommended. ❑ a pool maintenance worker interrupting a
drug deal in a parking lot
Working Alone or in Isolation ❑ an icemaker, recreation attendant, or
In developing emergency procedures, custodian being assaulted during a public
circumstances in which employees are working function (often alcohol is a factor).
alone or in isolation must be taken into account. A risk assessment must be conducted at any
According to the Regulation, working alone or in workplace where there is a possibility of violence
isolation means that if something were to happen to workers. This means any workplace in our
to a worker, no one would be available to provide municipality/regional district. See the procedures
assistance in an emergency. If there are members for assessing the risk of violence in the workplace
of the public who could call for assistance, then provided in the Appendix.
the worker is not considered to be working alone. Workers must be trained in the following:
Here are the key elements to the Working Alone/ ❑ recognizing the potential for violence
In Isolation program: ❑ the policies, procedures and workplace
❑ The risk assessment. See sample in the arrangements to eliminate or reduce violence
Appendix for procedures for assessing the risk ❑ the appropriate response to violent
of working alone or in isolation. incidents — including how to get help
❑ procedures for reporting incidents of violence.
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Incidents of violence must be reported immediately Counting cash in a separate office, away from
so that the employer can inform others about the the public eye, is another preventative measure.
risk, and can make sure the procedures are adequate ❑ Engineering Controls. These would include
for eliminating or reducing the risk of violence in guards or barriers around staff selling
the workplace. tickets and handling cash. Panic buttons or
office alarm systems are other examples of
What can be done to reduce the hazard from
engineering controls.
violence?
❑ Administrative Controls. These would
As with many other hazards, there is a hierarchy of include ensuring all staff are alerted to a
controls: client with a history of violence or threats,
❑ Elimination. First, try to eliminate the risk. instructing employees not to sit with their
Does the task have to be completed? Does it back to the main office door, directing them
have to be done by an employee? Restricting to leave the building and call the police
access of violent clients to the facility also instead of challenging someone who enters the
comes under the category of “elimination.” building after hours. Administrative controls
❑ Substitution. Second would be substituting also include training workers in recognizing
the task or process for one that is less and defusing hostile situations.
hazardous. Is there a different procedure that ❑ Personal Protective Equipment. There isn’t
can be followed? Can the current procedure any appropriate PPE available to minimize the
be changed? This could include arranging risk of violence in our workplaces. It would
the seating to allow workers to exit without not be suitable to carry around pepper spray or
being blocked by physical barriers or the client. batons as protection from workplace violence.

APPENDICES
Appendix 1: Material Safety Data Sheet
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET

(Sample Only)
Sodium Hypochlorite 5 – 15%

SECTION 1 – Product Information
Product Identifier WHMIS Classification (optional)
Hypochlor-12, Miraclean-12, Sodium E
Hypochlorite, 5 – 15 trade percent
Product Use
Disinfectant, bleaching agent, source of available chlorine, deodorizer.
Manufacturer’s Name Supplier’s Name
RealClean Products Ltd. Pool Resources Ltd.
Street Address Street Address
7002 Columbia Road 1102 Yukon Street
City, Province, PC Emergency Tel. City, Province, PC Emergency Tel.
Carp, BC V0N 0N0 604.555.1234 Plamor, BC V0D 0D0 604.555.2345
SECTION 2 – Hazardous Ingredients

Hazardous Ingredients % CAS # LD50 of Ingredient LC50 of Ingredient
(specific) (specify species & route) (specify species)
3
8910 mg/kg > 10,000 mg/m
Sodium Hypochlorite 5.4 – 13.2 7681-52-9
(oral rat) (inhalation rat 1 hr)
Sodium hydroxide 0.1 – 0.5 1310-73-2 N/A N/A
Sodium chloride 4.0 – 12.0 7647-14-5 N/A N/A
SECTION 3 – Physical Data

Physical State Odour & Appearance Odor Threshold (ppm)
Liquid Clear, greenish-yellow solution. Strong chlorine N/A
odour.
Specific Gravity Vapour Density (air = 1) Vapour Pressure Evaporation Rate
o o
1.17 at 20 C (12.5 N/A 12.1mm Hg at 20 C N/A
wt %) (12.5 wt %)
o o
Boiling Point ( C) Freezing Point ( C) pH Water/Oil Distribution
o
Decomposes N/A ~ -15 C (12% trade) < 12 Coefficient N/A
SECTION 4 – Fire and Explosion Data

Flammability If yes, under what conditions?
Non-flammable
Means of Extinction
Product does not burn. Use proper extinguisher for material that is supplying the fuel to the fire.
o
Flashpoint ( C) Upper Flammable Limit Lower Flammable Limit
N/A (% by volume) N/A (% by volume) N/A
Explosion Data
Pressure build-up in containers could result in an explosion when heated or in contact with acidic
fumes. Vigorous reaction with oxidizable organic materials may result in a fire.
SECTION 5 – Reactivity Data

Chemical Stability Incompatibility with Other Substances
o
Unstable at temp above 40 C, in sunlight Incompatible with strong acids, ammonia, oxidizable
and in contact with acid materials, nickel, copper, tin, manganese and iron.
Hazardous Products of Decomposition
Chlorine (by reaction with acids), oxygen (by reaction with nickel, copper, tin manganese, iron),
sodium chloride, sodium chlorate, with increased temp.
32 PoolSafeBC
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APPENDICES
Appendix 1 (continued)
SECTION 6 – Toxicological Properties Sodium Hypochlorite (Page 2 of 2)

Routes of Entry
Inhalation – irritant of nose & throat, causing coughing, difficulty breathing & pulmonary edema.
Exposure Limits (value, source, date) Irritancy
None established. Chlorine TLV = 1 ppm Strong
Sensitization (if yes, explain) Carcinogenicity (if yes, explain)
N/A Not considered carcinogenice (IARC & ACGIH)
Reproductive Toxicity (if yes, explain) Teratogenicity (if yes, explain)
N/A N/A
Mutagenicity (if yes, explain) Synergistic Products (if yes, explain)
N/A N/A
SECTION 7 – Preventive Measures

Personal protective equipment
Eyes – Chemical goggles, full-face shield, or a full-face respirator is to be worn at all times when
product is handled. Contact lenses should not be worn; may contribute to severe eye injury.
Respiratory – A NIOSH-approved respirator suitable for chlorine is recommended. Where a
higher level of protection is required, use a self-contained breathing apparatus.
Gloves – Impervious gloves of chemically resistant material
Clothing – Body suits, aprons, and/or coveralls of chemical resistant material should be worn at
all times. Wash contaminated clothing with soap and water, dry thoroughly before re-use.
Footwear – Impervious boots of chemically resistant material should be worn at all times
Engineering Controls (specify, such as ventilation, enclosed process)
Mechanical ventilation (dilution or local exhaust), process or personnel enclosure, control of
process conditions. Supply sufficient replacement air to make up air removed by exhaust system.
Emergency shower and eyewash should be in close proximity.
Leak & Spill Procedure
Wear proper PPE; ventilate area; only enter with PPE; stop or reduce leak if safe to do so;
prevent from entering sewers; neutralize with sodium sulphite for no chlorine residual, then with
hydrochloric acid until pH is 7.
Waste Disposal
Dispose in accordance with all federal, provincial, and/or local regulations including the Canadian
Environmental Protection Act.
Handling Procedures & Equipment
Use proper equipment for lifting and transporting all containers. Use sensible industrial hygiene &
housekeeping practices. Wash thoroughly after handling. Avoid situations that could lead to
harmful exposure.
Storage Requirements
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed, and away from
incompatible materials. Venting of containers is advisable.
Special Shipping Information PIN
Secure full & empty containers with hold-down devices during shipment UN1791
SECTION 8 – First Aid Measures

Inhalation - Remove victim to fresh air; give artificial respiration only if breathing has stopped.
If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Seek immediate medical attention.
Ingestion - Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean victim forward to prevent
aspiration of vomitus. Give large amounts of water. Do not give anything by
mouth to an unconscious or convulsing person. Seek immediate medical
attention.
Skin Contact - Remove contaminated clothing. Wash affected area with soap and water. Seek
medical attention if irritation occurs or persists.
Eye Contact - Flush immediately with water for at least 20 minutes. Forcibly hold eyelids apart
to ensure complete irrigation of eye tissue. Seek immediate medical attention.
SECTION 9 – Preparation Information

Prepared by (group, department, etc.) Telephone Number Preparation Date
RealClean Products Ltd. 604-555-1234 May 5, 2007

APPENDICES
Appendix 2: Template for Chlorine Exposure Control Plan

This is a sample only. Each Municipality must create an Exposure Control Plan in compliance with
WorkSafeBC Occupational Health & Safety Regulation 6.119 (Toxic Process Gas)
Procedure/Task: Changing Chlorine Cylinders
Department: Job Classification:

Manager/supervisor:
Name of Hazardous substance: Emergency contact phone #:

Chlorine Gas
Statement of Purpose:
To minimize the risk of exposure to Chlorine Gas in [name of aquatic facility, municipality]
Responsibilities:
n Department Manager:
ü Ensure Exposure Control Plan is reviewed annually.
ü Ensure drills are held to ensure familiarity with responsibilities and roles in the event of an emergency related
to changing chlorine gas cylinders
ü Ensure all workers are trained and qualified to perform their duties and are knowledgeable in the hazards and
risks of the task
ü In the event of a chlorine leak during cylinder change, ensure the Chlorine Leak Procedure is followed
n Supervisor:
ü Follow the Chlorine Cylinder Change safe work procedures established by the facility
ü In the unlikely event of a chlorine leak during a cylinder change, ensure workers follow the Chlorine leak
Procedure appropriate to the level of chlorine leak.
ü Ensure that all workers being supervised are made aware of all the hazards in the area
ü Ensure that all workers receive the education and training required by the WorkSafe BC OHS Regulation
ü Participate in drills to ensure familiarity with responsibilities and roles in the event of an emergency relating
to changing chlorine gas cylinders
n Worker:
ü Use personal protective equipment, in accordance with training and instruction and inspect the equipment
before use
ü Report to the supervisor or [name of corporation] the absence of, or any defect in any protective
equipment, device or clothing, or the existence of any other hazard, that they consider is likely to endanger a
worker or any other person
ü Follow the Chlorine Leak Procedure appropriate to the level of leak, if required
ü Report to supervisor, signs and symptoms of overexposure to chlorine
ü Participate in drills to ensure familiarity with responsibilities and roles in the event of an emergency relating
to chlorine leaks
ü Participate in training in appropriate emergency procedures
34 PoolSafeBC
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APPENDICES
Risk/Hazard Identification Summary
Acute Effects: Chronic Effects:
ü Inhalation: Chemical burns to respiratory tract, . ü Inhalation: Chronic lung damage, loss of smell
chest pain, difficulty breathing ü Ingestion: not possible
ü Ingestion: not possible ü Skin: skin burns, skin disorders
ü Skin: chemical burns to skin ü Eyes: Chemical burns to eyes
ü Eyes: chemical burns to eyes
Exposure/Risk Assessment Summary

WorkSafeBC exposure limits for Chlorine gas are:
ü 0.5 PPM 8-hour EL
ü 1 PPM 15-min EL
ü 10 PPM (IDLH) immediately dangerous to life and health
Air sampling was conducted in the past?: No. Monitor system in place.
Research findings:
Risk of overexposure is : [ ]LOW [ ] MODERATE [ x ] HIGH
Based on the results of the risk assessment, changing the Chlorine Cylinder is a high-risk task.
Exposure Controls
Elimination: Can exposure be eliminated under certain conditions, describe YES or NO.
NO, chlorine gas is used to disinfect water supplies and is required under other Provincial health regulations.
Substitution: Can exposure be substituted under certain conditions, describe if YES or NO
NO, system designed specifically for the delivery of chlorine gas. No other chemical can be substituted.
Engineering Controls
Fixed exhaust ventilation within the Chlorine cylinder room. Door open during cylinder change.
Administrative Controls:
Chlorine Alarm set points:
Low alarm: 0.25 ppm 1.0 ppm
Medium alarm: 1.0 ppm to 5 ppm
High alarm: 10 PPM
Follow established safe work procedure, including requirement for standby worker equipped and able to
rescue entry worker.
Personal Protective Equipment:
Respirator Required: YES
Respirator type: One staff member (changing cylinders): Full-face respirator with Chlorine cartridges, or half-mask
respirator with Chlorine Cartridge and goggles. Standby worker: SCBA.
Gloves: Leather or Rubber
Footwear: steel-toe boots

APPENDICES
Written Work Procedures Required

[ x ] Set up
[ x ] General Work
[ ] Clean up and Decontamination of Site
[ ] Clean up and Decontamination of PPE
Work procedures located: in Pool Maintenance Workers Room (basement)
Worker Education and Training Requirements:

[ x ] Educated about health hazards
[ x ] Trained in the use of exposure control equipment
[ x ] Trained in the use and set up of ventilation control
[ x ] Trained and understand safe work procedures of the job task
[ x ] Trained in the use, limitations and maintenance of respirators
Additional Comments: Chlorine Leak procedures posted outside of chlorine cylinder room.
Name of Person Completing Site Exposure Plan: Signature:
Proposed Date of Next Site Exposure Control Plan Review:
36 PoolSafeBC
PoolSafeBC
APPENDICES
Appendix 3: Risk Assessment for Exposure to Hazardous Substance form

A B C D E Exposure
Hazardous Likelihood Frequency of Health effect Task Duration Exposure Risk
Substance of accidental exposure Consequence Process Score
and Job Task over exposure
Expected=10 Continuous=10 Death or 8-6 hrs=10 Gas/mist/dust/ (AxBxCxDxE)
50/50 chance=6 Once/day=6 disabled=10 6-3 hrs=6 aerosol=10
Unusual event=3 Once/week=3 Irreversible HE=6 3hrs-1hrs =3 Evaporation/
Not happened for Monthly=2 Severe reversible 1hrs-15 min=2 Heat=6
years=1 Yearly=1 HE=3 less 15 min=1 liquid=3
Reversible HE=1 solids=1
Changing
Chlorine 3 3 10 2 10 1800
Cylinders
Documented by: Date: Exposure Risk Score Rating

(1-242) - LOW
(243-599) - MODERATE t consider controls
(600+) - HIGH t implement controls

APPENDICES
Appendix 4: Sample Daily Check-in Procedure

Check-in Procedure for:____________________________________________ (insert position[s])
Daily Procedure in Compliance with Working Alone Program

❑ The person initiating the call makes contact with the “to” person, by cell phone.
❑ Each staff member should have a reasonably good idea where the other staff members are working or
going to be working within the next check-in time period, and note that on the form.
❑ If a check-in does not occur at the designated time:
1 The person who was to receive the call makes a call back to the person who was to have made the
call.
2 If the worker responds, make a note that the contact was made and by whom.
3 If the worker does not respond, attempt to contact him/her one more time by phone or radio. .
If still no contact,
4 Use the horn paging system, if available. Wait no more than five minutes, if still no response,
5 Contact the police by calling 9-1-1. Notify dispatch that there is possibly a worker in trouble. Give
the last known location of the worker. Ask dispatch for assistance in locating the worker and to
provide a call back with results.
6 Notify the supervisor once dispatch is contacted, and again with the final results of the search.
❑ All workers working alone or in isolation are responsible for ensuring that contact is made and
received at the required time. The supervisor is responsible for ensuring check-in sheets are completed
daily and submitted to the manager for review.
❑ Any staff member who will be performing tasks that increase the risk of an injury and would render
him/her unable to get assistance on his/her own, should call the contact person or other worker,
communicate what, where and when s/he will be performing the task, and arrange for a call back (5
or 10 minutes). If the call is not received at the designated time, the procedures listed above are to be
followed.
❑ Workers with relatively little contact with other staff during their shift must contact their supervisor at
the start of shift and at the end of shift. The supervisor is responsible for noting on the check list that
the contact has been made. If no contact is made at the end of shift, the supervisor must initiate the
following process to determine the whereabouts of the employee.
1 Attempt to contact the employee by radio. If no contact,
2 If the employee has a personal cellular phone, call the cell phone. If no contact, or no phone,
3 Call the employee’s home. If the employee has not reached home, find out when s/he would
normally be home. Leave a message for the employee to call the foreman as soon as s/he gets
home. If no call is received by the normal arrival time:
4 Call the employee’s home again.
5 If still not home, Determine, from the information on the call in sheet, where the employee was
working last, and go to that site to find him/her.
38 PoolSafeBC
PoolSafeBC
APPENDICES
Appendix 5: Check-in Assessment Work Sheet for Working Alone

Job Title: _____________________________ Assessment Done By: _________________________
Task:_________________________________ Date: _ _____________________________________
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) (G)

Kinds of Examples Worst Likelihood of Likelihood Likelihood Rating
Hazard probable the accident of disabling of Help (D) x (E) x (F)
(Based on accident that happening. Injury Available If above 250
History) could happen See Table 1 See Table 2 See Table 3 check-in
to worker required
Stored Bins, chutes, elevated equipment,
Energy pressurized vessels or pipes, volumes
of liquid, stacked materials
Mechanical Hydraulic, air valve or operation,
Energy tools, equipment
Energy Failure of part or linkage, external

Inadequate influence, fuel sources, spills, lack of
Or stopped ventilation, blocked exits, lighting
Kinetic Struck by, struck against, pinch
Energy points, falling - same level, falling to
lower level, high angle work, animal
attack
Chemical Corrosion, oxidation, asphyxiation,
Energy poisoning, explosion, infection,
drowning
Thermal Fire, ultra-violet & infrared radiation,
Energy steam, hot materials, cold, freezing
Electrical Power lines, step potential, static,
Energy grounding, lightning
Nuclear Radioactive isotopes, microwave

Energy sources, X-ray, laser light
Social Violence, bomb threats, terrorism,
Energy assaults, vandalism, sabotage
Other
Instructions:
1. Complete this work sheet with the worker for each situation where a worker is working alone and may be at risk of an injury that
would prevent him/her from obtaining help.
2. Consider which hazards in column (A) might apply and specify the injury in column (C)
3. For column (D), assess the probability of the accident, using Table 1.
4. For column (E), assess the likelihood that the accident would result in an injury serious enough to be disabling, using Table 2.
5. For column (F), assess the likelihood of help being available for the worker, using Table 3
6. Rate the requirement for check-in by multiplying the number in Column (D) by the number in column (E) by the number in Column (F)
and enter the number in Column (G). For Values of (G) up to 250 (low), no further action is required. For values of (G) between 251 and
400 (moderate), a check-in procedure must be instituted. For values of (G) higher than 400 (high), the checks must be frequent.

APPENDICES
Appendix 6: Risk Assessment Tables for Working Alone or in Isolation

Table 1 - Likelihood of an Accident Occurring
The risk factors for performing this task mean that an accident Value
Is the most likely outcome in this situation. 10.0
Has a very high likelihood of occurring. 8.0
Is quite possible, would not be unusual. 6.0
Would be an unusual sequence or coincidence. 4.0
Would be a remotely possible coincidence. 2.0
Extremely remote but conceivably possible. 0.5
Practically impossible sequence or coincidence; a “one in a million” possibility. Has never happened in
0.1
spite of exposure over many years.
Table 2 - Likelihood of a Disabling Injury

The seriousness of a likely accident mean that a disabling injury (one that would Value
prevent calling for help)
Would be the expected result of an accident. 10.0
Would be the probable result of an accident. 8.0
Would be an unusual result of an accident 6.0
Would be the remotely possible result of an accident 4.0
Would be the practically impossible result of an accident 2.0
Table 3 – Likelihood of Help being available for Injured Workers

Work Situation Availability of Help Value
Worker is in an isolated area with no one likely to pass Never
12.0
by or see the worker (over a bank, in the forest, night shift cleaning staff)
Worker is working at night or in areas where there is occasional traffic Rare
8.0
(residential area, urban area at night)
Worker is in isolated area where there is regular traffic Occasionally
6.0
(rural road, industrial road)
Worker is out of site or isolated, but any delay in returning would be noted Usual
and commented on, and action taken (building basement maintenance, 4.0
construction site inspection)
Worker is in an area used by other people who pass by often enough that Frequently
there is a high likelihood of witnesses. (Roadside work on secondary road, 2.0
maintenance work in building corridors)
Worker is in an area surrounded by potential assistants (driving on freeway Continuous
1.0
or main arterial road, working in mall parking lot during business hours)
40 PoolSafeBC
PoolSafeBC
APPENDICES
Appendix 7: Risk Assessment Worksheet – Violence in the Workplace

Violence Rating Score
CONSEQUENCES
Degree of Severity of Consequences Rating
Catastrophic: numerous fatalities 100.0
Several fatalities 75.0
Fatality 50.0
Extremely serious injury or occupational disease (permanent disability) 30.0
Disabling injuries, reversible tissue damage, post traumatic stress 10.0
Minor cuts, bruises, irritations, minor damage, feeling of intimidation 2.0
EXPOSURE
The hazard event occurs: Rating
Continuously (or many times daily) 10.0
Frequently (approximately once daily) 6.0
Usually (from once per week to once per month) 3.0
Occasionally(from once per month to once per year) 2.0
Rarely (it has been known to happen) 1.0
Very rarely (not known to have occurred but considered remotely possible) 0.5
LIKELIHOOD
The likelihood of violence or threat of violence, including the consequences: Rating
Is the most likely and expected result if no changes are made 10.0
Is quite possible, would not be unusual, has an even 50/50 chance 6.0
Would be an unusual sequence or coincidence 3.0
Would be a remotely possible coincidence, it has been known to happen 1.0
Extremely remote but conceivably possible, has never happened after many years of exposure 0.5
Practically impossible sequence or coincidence, a “one in a million”: chance, has never happened in 0.1
spite of exposure over many years
RISK SCORE
Consequences X Exposure X Likelihood Score
High – must be corrected immediately > 250
Medium – must be corrected 101 - 250
Low – Indicator – situation must be examined and may have to be corrected 1 - 100
Risk Acceptable – no change required < 1
Total Risk Chart

Low Medium High
20 50 90 125 150 175 200 225 250 350 450 750

42
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) (G)
Nature of threat or violence Threat or violence resulting from: Probable violence that could happen Consequence Exposure Likelihood Risk Score
in this, or similar workplaces due to
location or circumstances
Rebellion against authority
Against the organization

APPENDICES
Against a representative of the

organization
Against individuals
PoolSafeBC
PoolSafeBC
Opportunistic
Other
Instructions and Score Sheet:

1. Complete this worksheet for each situation where a worker or group of workers may be at risk of violence.
Appendix 8: Risk Assessment Worksheet for Violence
2. Review the types of threats from column (A) and the examples in column (B).
3. In column (C) list the type of violence that could occur.
4. Turning to Appendix C, list the score for the probable violence under column (D) consequence, column (E) exposure, and column (F) likelihood.
5. Multiply the numbers in column (D), (E), and (F) and put the resulting number in column (G) under risk score.
6. For values of (G) lower than 1 the risk is acceptable. Between 1 and 100, the score indicates potential problems that must be examined. Between 100 and 250, the score indicates
problems that must be corrected. Scores higher than 250 indicate a problem that must be dealt with immediately.
7. Examples of solutions to problems are available in Appendix D.

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Best Practices Guide

Section 1: Rights and Responsibilities

Section 3: Chemical Safety

Best Practices Guide 

Personal Protective Equipment for Chemical Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Section 4: Emergency Preparation and Response

Best Practices Guide 

Rights and Responsibilities of Employers and Workers

E mployers have a number of legal responsibilities,

Best Practices Guide 

Workers’ Rights In addition, the WorkSafeBC Prevention Information

Best Practices Guide 

Swimming Pool Hazards

Best Practices Guide 

Water Turnover in Pools Supervisors need to be able to recognize the signs

Turnover time calculation is based on a number of

Best Practices Guide 

Table of Heat-Related Disorders

Best Practices Guide 11

report to first aid immediately, and may be advised

Below is an example of a lock-out procedure for a circulation pump:

SAMPLE Equipment Lockout Procedure

Best Practices Guide 13

Confined Spaces Fatigue

gas lawn mower 90

Best Practices Guide 15

Trips The first measure would be guardrails. If installing

Musculoskeletal Injury Common aquatic centre tasks that could cause

Best Practices Guide 17

Microbiological Organisms and their Effects

Protozoa gastrointestinal upset, confusion, lack of

Best Practices Guide 19

Swimming Pool Chemical Safety

Toxic Process Gases

Best Practices Guide 21

Chlorine alarm and emergency procedure

Twenty-four hour monitoring is mandatory. The

extremely dangerous. In one pool, workers routinely

Best Practices Guide 23

Pool Brighteners Workplace Hazardous Materials Information

Personal Protective Equipment for Chemical Safety

Best Practices Guide 25

For ozone, only a half- An annual fit-test must

Preparing for and Responding to Emergencies

Best Practices Guide 27

Emergency Drills ❑ The person-check procedure — to be developed

Best Practices Guide 29

Appendix 1: Material Safety Data Sheet

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET

Sodium Hypochlorite 5 – 15%

SECTION 2 – Hazardous Ingredients

SECTION 3 – Physical Data

SECTION 4 – Fire and Explosion Data

SECTION 5 – Reactivity Data

SECTION 6 – Toxicological Properties Sodium Hypochlorite (Page 2 of 2)

SECTION 7 – Preventive Measures

SECTION 8 – First Aid Measures

SECTION 9 – Preparation Information

Best Practices Guide

Best Practices Guide

Best Practices Guide

Best Practices Guide

Best Practices Guide

Best Practices Guide