Chapter 11: Analysis of Variance

Chapter 11
Chapter 11: Analysis of Variance
Chapter Contents
11.1 Single Factor ANOVA

11.2 Multiple Comparisons in ANOVA
11.3 More on Single-Factor ANOVA
11.4 Two-Factor ANOVA without Replications
11.5 Two-Factor ANOVA with Replications
11-1
Chapter 11
LO11-1 Overview of ANOVA
LO11-1: Use basic ANOVA terminology correctly.
• Analysis of variance 方差分析 (ANOVA) is a comparison of

means.
• ANOVA allows one to compare more than two means
simultaneously.
• Proper experimental design efficiently uses limited data to
draw the strongest possible inferences.
11-2
Chapter 11
LO11-1 Overview of ANOVA
The Goal: Explaining Variation

• ANOVA seeks to identify sources of variation in a numerical
dependent variable Y (the response variable).
• Variation in Y about its mean is explained by one or more
categorical independent variables (the factors) or is unexplained
(random error).
11-3
Chapter 11
LO11-2 11.1 Single Factor ANOVA
LO11-2: Recognize from data format when one-factor ANOVA is
appropriate.
Data Format
• A one-factor ANOVA only compares the means of c groups
(treatments or factor levels).
• Consider the format for a one-factor ANOVA with c treatments,
denoted A1, A2, …, Ac.
Table 11.1 11-4

Chapter 10
The goals
10-5
Chapter 11
Example 11.1
10-6
Chapter 11
Example 11.1
10-7
Chapter 11
Example 11.1
10-8
Chapter 11
Example 11.1
10-9
Chapter 11
Notations
The individual sample means, sample s.d.’s and the grand

mean
10-10
Chapter 11
Assumptions
10-11
Chapter 11
Assumptions
10-12
Chapter 11
A Theorem
10-13
Chapter 11
Assumptions
10-14
Chapter 11
The F test
10-15
Chapter 10
The F test
10-16
Chapter 11
The F test
10-17
Chapter 11
The Interpretation of the Fundamental Identity of ANOVA
10-18
Chapter 11
The F test
10-19
Chapter 11
The F test
10-20
Chapter 11
Example 11.2
10-21
Chapter 11
Example 11.2
10-22
Chapter 11
Example 11.2
10-23
Chapter 11
The Levene test for equal variances
10-24
Chapter 11
Example 11.3 (Example 11.2 Continued)
10-25
Chapter 11
10-26
Chapter 11
The Levene test for equal variances
10-27
Chapter 11
The multiple comparison problem
10-28
Chapter 11
10-29
Chapter 11
Tukey’s Procedure
10-30
Chapter 11
10-31
Chapter 11
Tukey’s Procedure
10-32
Chapter 10
Tukey’s Procedure
10-33
Chapter 11
Example 11.4
10-34
Chapter 11
10-35
Chapter 11
Tukey’s Procedure
10-36
 Bonferroni method for multiple

comparisons (denote M as the number of
comparisons needed to be carried out)
 Based on the fundamental addition rule in
probability.
 Adjusts for multiple comparisons by changing
the α level used in the standard interval to α/M
for M intervals.
11-37
Chapter 11
Confidence Intervals for Other Parametric Functions
10-38
Chapter 11
10-39
Chapter 11
An Alternative Formulation of Single-Factor ANOVA
10-40
Chapter 10
Relationship of the F Test to the t Test
10-41
Chapter 11
Single-Factor ANOVA with Unequal Sample Sizes
10-42
Chapter 11
Single-Factor ANOVA with Unequal Sample Sizes
10-43
Chapter 11
Multiple Comparisons with Unequal Sample Sizes
10-44
Chapter 11
A Random Effects Model
10-45
Chapter 11
10-46
Chapter 11
10-47
Chapter 11
10-48
Chapter 11
Example 11.10
10-49
Chapter 11
Example 11.10
10-50
Chapter 11
10-51
Chapter 10
Example 11.11
10-52
Chapter 10
Notations
10-53
Chapter 11
The Model
10-54
Chapter 11
The Model
10-55
Chapter 11
10-56
Chapter 11
Identification
10-57
Chapter 11
The Estimators
10-58
Chapter 11
The Hypotheses
10-59
Chapter 11
The Estimators
10-60
Chapter 11
The Testing Procedures
10-61
Chapter 11
10-62
Chapter 11
10-63
Chapter 11
10-64
Chapter 11
10-65
Chapter 11
10-66
Chapter 11
10-67
Chapter 11
Randomized Block Experiments
10-68
Chapter 11
Randomized Block Experiments
10-69
Chapter 11
Example 11.15
10-70
Chapter 11
Example 11.15
10-71
Chapter 11
Example 11.15
10-72
Chapter 11
Example 11.15
10-73
Chapter 11
Additive v.s. Nonadditive Effects
10-74
Chapter 11
Interaction
10-75
Chapter 11
Interaction
10-76
Chapter 11
Interaction
10-77
Chapter 11
The Hypotheses
10-78
Chapter 11
The Model with Interaction Effects
10-79
Chapter 11
Example 11.16
10-80
Chapter 11
Example 11.16
10-81
Chapter 11
The Notations
10-82
Chapter 11
The Notations
10-83
Chapter 11
The Testing Procedures
10-84
Chapter 10
10-85
Chapter 11
10-86
Chapter 11
10-87
Chapter 11
10-88
Chapter 11
10-89
Chapter 11
10-90
Chapter 11
10-91

Chapter 11: Analysis of Variance

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Chapter 11

Chapter 11: Analysis of Variance

11.1 Single Factor ANOVA

LO11-1: Use basic ANOVA terminology correctly.

• Analysis of variance 方差分析 (ANOVA) is a comparison of

The Goal: Explaining Variation

Table 11.1 11-4

The individual sample means, sample s.d.’s and the grand

The Interpretation of the Fundamental Identity of ANOVA

The Levene test for equal variances

Example 11.3 (Example 11.2 Continued)

Example 11.3 (Example 11.2 Continued)

The Levene test for equal variances

The multiple comparison problem

The multiple comparison problem

The multiple comparison problem

The multiple comparison problem

 Bonferroni method for multiple

Example 11.6 (Example 11.4 Continued)

An Alternative Formulation of Single-Factor ANOVA

Relationship of the F Test to the t Test

Single-Factor ANOVA with Unequal Sample Sizes

Single-Factor ANOVA with Unequal Sample Sizes

Multiple Comparisons with Unequal Sample Sizes

A Random Effects Model

A Random Effects Model

A Random Effects Model

A Random Effects Model

The Testing Procedures

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