1) If field current is decreased in shunt dc motor, the speed of the motor

remains same.
increases.
decreases.
none of the above. Ans.2

Expalin:- As a shunt field current If decreases, φ also decreases and the speed rises as speed is
inversely proportional to flux.

2) What is the mechanical power developed by a DC series motor is maximum?

Back emf is equal to half the applied voltage.
Back emf is equal to applied voltage.
Back emf is equal to zero.
None of above. Ans.1

3) In Ward-Leonard system, the lower limit of the speed imposed by

Field resistance.
Armature resistance.
Residual magnetism of the generator.
None of above. Ans.3
In Ward-Leonard method of speed control, the lower limit of speed is imposed by residual
magnetism of the generator.

4) Ward-Leonard control is basically a ___________ control method.

Field control.
Armature resistance control.
Armature voltage control.
Field diverter control.
Ward-Leonard speed control method consists a motor with a constant excitation and applying a
variable voltage to its armature to provide the required speed. Hence it is armature voltage
control method.

5) For very sensitive and wide speed control, the preferable control method is
Armature control.
Ward-Leonard control.
Multiple voltage control.
Field control.
In ward-Leonard method, very fine speed control over the whole range from zero to normal
speed in both directions can be obtained. The motor-generator set can provide speed both below
and above the rated speed and in both direction.

6) The emf induced in the dc generator armature winding is

AC
DC
AC and DC
None of the above
The emf induced in the dc generator armature winding is AC, but we need DC current from DC
generator, so to convert this AC current to DC current mechanical rectifier called as
commutator is used.

7) Commutator in DC generator is used for

collecting of current
reduce losses
increase efficiency
convert AC armature current in to DC
Commutator is used as mechanical rectifier in DC machines. It converts AC armature current in
to DC current.

8) A DC generator without commutator is a

AC generator
DC motor
DC generator
induction motor Ans. 1
 9) In DC machine yoke offers
mechanical protection to the machine
flux path completion
produce working flux
both A and B
In case of DC machines yoke is used to
1. Mechanical protection to the machine
2. Flux path completion. Poles will produce working flux.

10) In a dc machine 72 number of coils are used. Find the number of commutator segments
required?
36
37
72
74 Ans.3
In DC machines, Number of coils = Number of commutator segments

11) In DC generators brushes are used for

collecting of current without any sparkings
collecting of voltage
reduce eddy current loss
convert ac armature current in to dc
In case of DC generator the brushes need to collect current with minimum sparking, which is
known as successful commutation.

12) which of the following type of brush and their application is/are correct
carbon brush → normal ratings
electro graphite → large ratings
copper graphite → low voltage high current density
all of the above
Ans.4 All of the above

13)
 14) Which of the following represents the commutator pitch?
Number of conductors spanned by one coil at the back end of the armature.
Number of conductors spanned by one coil at the front end of the armature.
The distance between the staring of first coil and its next successive coil
Number of commutator segments between two successive coils. Ans 4
The definitions of different types of pitches are
1. Back pitch: Number of conductors spanned by one coil at the back end of the armature.
2. Front pitch: Number of conductors spanned by one coil at the front end of the armature.
3. Resultant pitch: The distance between the staring of first coil and its next successive coil.
4. Commutator pitch: Number of commutator segments between two successive coils.
For lap winding YC is the difference of YB and YF where as for wave winding it is the sum of the
two.

15) In a dc machine 4 pole lap winding is used. The number of parallel paths are?
2
4
1
8
Ans.2
In lap winding number of parallel paths = number of poles = 4. For Wave winding it will be
equal to 2.

16) In a dc machine 6 pole wave winding is used. The number of parallel paths are?
6
4
2
1
Ans.3
In wave winding / simplex wave winding number of parallel paths = always 2 (irrespective of
number of poles).

17) Inter pole winding is connected in-------------------------- ?

series with armature
series with main poles
parallel with armature
parallel with main poles Ans.1
Interpolars are small narrow commutating poles connected in series with armature. It produce
an extra flux to neutralize the reactance m.m.f. produced at the time of commutation process.
18) Lap winding is prefered for which type of machines?
low current and low voltage
high current and high voltage
high current and low voltage
low current and high voltage Ans.3
Number of parallel paths are more in case of lap winding than wave winding. So summation of
currents at the output is more. Therefore it is preferred for high current and low voltage rated
machines.

19) Wave winding is prefered for which of the following rating?

low current and low voltage
high current and high voltage
high current and low voltage
low current and high voltage Ans.4
Number of parallel paths in wave winding is only 2. Therefore is used for low current and high
voltage rated machines. Summation of currents in parallel paths is less than wave winding.

20) In a 2 pole lap winding dc machine , the resistance of one conductor is 2Ω and total number
of conductors is 100. Find the total resistance
200Ω
100Ω
50Ω
10Ω ans.3
Total resistance depends upon no of parallel path. In lap winding parallel path is no of poles and
here it is two. Half of conductor are in series i.e. 50 in series and rest of 50 in series and they are
parallel together. 50 no 2Ω in series = 100Ω. When two such paths are parallel their equivalent

will be 50 Ω. Numerically it can also be stated, X=

Resistance of one conductor Z = Total number of conductors A = No of parallel paths

21) Dummy coils are used for

increasing efficiency.
reducing armature reaction.
mechanical balancing.
all of the above Ans.3
Dummy coils are required under wave winding only to make the machine mechanically
balanced.

22) A 4 pole lap wound dc generator has 4 brushes, if one of the brush is damaged, what will be
the change in V, I and P ratings
V, I and P
V/2, I/2 and P/4
V/2, I and P/2
V, I/2 and P/2 Ans.4
If one brush is damaged then two parallel paths will be damaged. So only two parallel paths will
provide the I/2 current and voltage is same for parallel paths. As the current is halved, delivered
power is also halved for same terminal voltage.

23) For a dc machine shunt resistance and armature resistance values are
high and high
high and low
low and low
low and high Ans.2
For a DC machine the values of armature resistance is very low and shunt resistance is high.
The power delivered by the DC Machine depends upon the armature current Ia. Ia should be high
to deliver maximum power. The Shunt field is parallel to the armature field, so its resistance
must be high for minimum value of shunt field current. If its value will be low then armature
current will be lower and power delivered will be less. The series field is connected in series. So
if series resistance is more then there would considerable series drop and again armature
current will be lower.

24) Shunt field of DC generators consists of--------number of turns and ---------- conductors
respectively
large and thick
large and thin
less and thick
less and thin Ans.2
To deliver maximum power armature current must be high and the shunt field current is
minimum. So, shunt field resistance of DC Machine is very high value around 50Ω to 500 Ω.

, it can be concluded that for high resistance length of the coil is to be large and area
to be small. So shunt field must have large no of turns and thinner wire than the series field.
 25) Series field consists of--------number of turns and ---------- conductors respectively
large and thick
large and thin
less and thick
less and thin Ans.3
The power delivered by a DC machine depends upon armature current. The series field is in
series with the armature so they are carrying same current through them. Series field are kept at

low resistance for minimum drop. , we can conclude that area should be high and no of
turns should be less.

26) What is/are the necessary conditions for voltage build up in self excited generator?
Poles should contain residual flux.
Field winding should be properly connected to armature winding.
Field winding resistance should be less than critical resistance.
All of the above. Ans.4
The necessary condition for voltage build-up process in a self-excited DC generator are
1. The poles should retain some residual magnetism. If the poles lost its residual magnetism it can't
start voltage build up process. It may be started by a separate DC source at shunt field when
armature is at rest.
2. The field winding should be properly connected to armature winding. If the field connection is
reversed then the field flux would oppose residual flux.
3. The field winding resistance should be less than critical resistance. Voltage will not build up if
the field resistance is greater than critical resistance.
4. The speed of the generator should be greater than the critical speed. This can be remedied by
increasing prime mover speed above critical speed.

27) No load saturation characteristics are plotted between

no load voltage and field current
no load voltage and armature current
short circuit current and field current
short circuit current and armature current Ans.1
This operating characteristics is also known as saturation curve or open circuit characteristics
or magnetization curve or no load magnetizing curve of DC Generator. This curve is drawn
between no-load armature generated voltage with the field or exciting current, keeping the speed
constant by prime mover. This curve starts slightly above the zero due to residual magnetism. It
also determines the design of flux per pole under linear magnetization or saturation curve.
30) The effect of ------------------ on main field flux is armature reaction?
armature mmf
armature current
armature flux
all of the above Ans.3
On no load armature flux is negligible as armature current is small but with load the rotating
armature produces a flux due to sufficient armature current or load current. The effect of this
armature flux on the main field flux is known as armature reaction. Due to armature reaction the
main field flux distribution is weakened and distorted.

31) Armature flux is.............with respect to main field flux or main field poles?
rotates opposite direction
rotates same direction
stationary
none of the above Ans.3
The rotating armature produce a rotating armature flux with respect to armature and there is a
working flux which is also under the pole distributed uniformly. Therefore armature flux is
stationary with respect to main filed flux. Armature mmf is stationary w.r.t. field poles but
rotating w.r.t. the armature.

32) Demagnetization effects which of the following?

commutation
reduction in main field flux
reduces the terminal voltage
both B and C Ans.4
Demagnetization is one of the effect of armature reaction. By vector addition it is found that it
reduces or weakens the main field flux. So it reduces the induced emf or terminal voltage in case
of generator because Eg is directly proportional to the flux (φ). In case of a motor it reduces the
torque and increases the speed because Te is proportional to flux and speed(N) is inversely
proportional to the flux.

33) Cross magnetization effects which of the following?

commutation
reduction in main field flux
reduces the terminal voltage
both 2 and 3
Cross magnetizing is one of the effect of armature reaction. By vector addition it is found that it
distorts the main field flux. As a result it shifts the MNA (magnetic neutral axis). There would be
sparking at the time of commutation if the brushes are not shifted to the MNA.

34) Brushes are always placed on--------------- , in order to achieve sparkles commutation?
GNA
MNA
either GNA or MNA
none of the above Ans.2
Brushes should be placed where the direction of current are changes or production of zero
e.m.f., under no load condition MNA and GNA coincides with each other. At this axis current
direction is reversed or no emf is produced. But due to armature flux the main field flux gets
distorted and MNA does not coincides with GNA under loaded condition. That means neutral
zone is shifted. In order to achieve sparkless commutation brushes is placed on MNA. So,
brushes are always placed in MNA in loaded or unloaded condition.

35) Flux density under trailing pole tips in case of generator will
increase
decrease
either increase or decrease
none of the above Ans1
The pole tip towards which the armature conductor leaves the influence of pole is called trailing
pole tips (symbol by dot sign). In a generator the main field flux and armature flux are aiding
each other under trailing pole tips region. Therefore total flux density will increase under
trailing pole tips.

36) Flux density under leading pole tips in case of generator will
increase
decrease
either increase or decrease
none of the above Ans2
The pole tip towards which the armature conductor enters into the influence of pole is called
leading pole tips (symbol by cross sign ). In a generator the main field flux and armature flux are
opposing each other under leading pole tips region. Therefore total flux density will decrease
under leading pole tips.

37) Which of the following is/are effects of armature reaction?

increase the iron loss
increase the maintenance and repair
 increases the design cost
all of the above Ans.4
Due to armature reaction flux density is increased under one half of the pole, so iron loss
increases. The commutation process deteriorate and severe sparking in brushes. To improve
commutation inter-polar and compensating winding are placed. So the design and maintenance
cost increases. These are all the effects of armature reaction.

40) Which of the following is/are the methods to reduce the armature reaction and its effects?
pole chamfering
pole stacking
compensating winding
all of the above Ans.4
Methods to reduce armature reaction in DC machines are 1. Pole chamfering 2. Pole stacking 3.
Pole core slotting 4. Compensating winding 5. Interpolar winding

41) In DC machine torque depends on which of the following?

flux (φ)
armature current (I)
both A and B
speed Ans.3

42) Compensating winding is placed in the

pole shoe
armature core
main field
all of the above Ans.1

Compensating winding is placed in the pole shoe or pole face, cut in to slots embedded in the
pole. They are connected in series with the armature having same axis as armature but opposite
polarity of the pole.

43) Direction of the current in the compensating winding is________ to the direction of current
in the armature conductors?
same
exactly opposite
either of these
none of the above Ans.2
The direction of the current in the compensating winding is exactly opposite to the direction of
current in the armature conductors under respective pole, this produces an extra flux which
neutralize armature flux and thus armature reaction.

44) Which of the following is/are the advantages of carbon brush over the copper brush?
They are not hard as copper brush
They are self lubricating in nature
In case of any sparking they will be less damaged than copper brushes
All of the above Ans.4
Advantages of carbon brush over the copper brushes are 1. They are not hard as copper brush.
2. They are self lubricating in nature which ensure excellent mechanical conditions with rotating
commutator. 3. In case of any sparking they will be less damaged than copper brushes. But they
has less current density than copper brushes.

45) The functions of inter poles are

nullify reactance voltage and improve the commutation.
reduce cross magnetization effect and improve commutation
both 1 and 2
none of the above Ans.3
Interpoles serves two functions
1. It produce a counter emf in the coil undergoing commutation because of its opposite polarity
and nullify the reactance voltage produced during commutation. This will improve the
commutation.
2. It reduces the cross magnetization effect of armature reaction and impoves commutation.

46) Which of the following statements is/are correct ?

inter pole winding will act in interpolar region
compensating winding will act under the pole
both A and B
none of the above Ans.3
Compensating winding will act under the pole to reduce armature flux and demagnetizing effect
armature reaction. Inter pole winding will act in interpolar region to improve commutation
where compensating can't work.

47) In DC machine shape of main field flux distribution is?

triangular
flat tapped or trapezoidal
saddle shape
 peaky in nature Ans.2

48) In DC machine shape of armature MMF wave is?

triangular and directed towards brush axis
triangular and directed towards main pole
saddle shape
peaky in nature Ans.1

49) In DC machines shape of net flux density is?

sine wave
flat tapped or trapezoidal
saddle shape
peaky in nature Ans.4

50) In DC machines internal characteristics are plotted between

Eg vs load current
Vt vs Ia
Eg vs Ia
Vt vs load current Ans.3

To know the application the characteristics should be known. It is basically variation of terminal
voltage with load. Characteristics are divided in to 1. No load 2. load. Load characteristics are
again divided in to
1. Internal characteristics (Eg vs Ia)
2. External characteristics (Vt vs load current)

51) Series generators are used in which of the following applications?

air crafts
arc welding
used as boosters in dc distribution or transmission
all of the above Ans.3
Series generators have rising voltage characteristics, which are not at all suitable for ordinary
power supplies but the were used as boosters in dc distribution or transmission to compensate
the voltage drop.
52) Which of the following generators are used in arc welding?
shunt generators
series generators
cumulative compound generators
differential compound generators Ans.4
To limit the welding current which resembles short circuit, DC differential compound generators
are used.

53) Ideal value of voltage regulation of a device is?

∞
0
a positive finite value
a finite negative value ans.2
Voltage regulation should be as minimum as possible. Its ideal value should be zero. It means
there is no change in no-load voltage to full-load voltage.

54) A shunt generator running at 1000 rpm, if flux is reduced by half, then what is the new
speed?
1000
2000
500
0

From this equation if all other things remains constant speed is inversely proportional to flux. So
if flux is reduced by half then speed will be increased to double.

55) A dc 4 pole lap wound generator is running at 1000 rpm having 1200 conductors and flux
density is 10 mwb. find the generated emf?
20V
10V
200V
 100V

Eb = Generated e.m.f. Φ = Flux per pole Z = Total no of conductors P = No of poles N =

Revolution in r.p.m. A = No of parallel paths = No of poles for Lap Winding = 2 for wave
winding

56) Maximum power will be developed when back ems is

equals to supply voltage
half of the supply voltage
doubles the supply voltage
all of the above Ans.2
The maximum power developed is depends on the back emf value. i.e.,Eb = Vt/2.

57) Which motor cannot be started on no load?

shunt motors
series motors
cumulative compound motors
both B and C Ans.2

58) Which of the following motors has negative speed regulation?

shunt motors
series motors
differential compound motors
both B and C Ans.3
In differential compound motors flux will reduces as load increases because series flux opposes
shunt field flux. This will increase speed. Therefore it has negative speed regulation means speed
will increase due to increase in load.
59) Field weakening control method is used for the _________ ?
above rated speed
below rated speed
both A and B
none of the above Ans.1
By reducing of field current, flux will also reduce. As speed is inversely proportional to flux, so
this method can be used for only above rated speed.

60) Armature resistance control method is used for the _______ ?

above rated speed
below rated speed
both 1 and 2
none of the above Ans.2
In armature circuit resistance method armature resistance is increased. As a result the back emf
decreases. As the speed is directly proportional to back emf speed will also decrease. Therefore
this method is only used for below rated speed.

61) Armature reaction effect is more in which of the following methods?

field weakening method
armature resistance control
same in both methods
none of the above Ans.1
In field weakening method we are reducing the working flux to increase the speed. Therefore
effect of armature flux on main field flux or armature flux will increase in case of field
weakening method.

62) If terminal voltage of one 1000 rpm shunt motor is reduced to half the speed of the motor
will be
500 rpm
250 rpm
1000 rpm
2000 rpm

If voltage reduced to half then flux will also reduced to half because the current flowing through
the shunt field is also halved. So speed will remains same.
63) Diverters are used only in
shunt motors
series motors
either of these
none of the above Ans.2
Diverters are used only in series motors for speed control, these are not used in shunt motors.
Since, shunt field winding resistance is very high, if we connect a diverter across shunt field
winding, total current will flow through the diverter and almost short circuit the shunt field
winding. This will increase the motor speed to a very high value. Therefore diverters are not
used in shunt motors.

64) Which of the following starter is sufficient to start the DC series motor ?
3 point starter
4 point starter
2 point starter
all of the above Ans.3
2 point starter is enough to start the dc series motor. Since armature and field winding are in
series. No requirement of 3 or 4 point starter.

65) Which of the following represents the rotating losses of machine?

Eddy current losses
Hysteresis losses
All of the them
Friction and windage losses Ans.4
Eddy current and hysteresis losses are the iron losses of a machine. Frictional and windage
losses are due to rotation of the machine.

66) Which of the following are variable losses?

eddy current loss
hysteresis loss
shunt field copper loss
armature copper loss
Armature copper loss is directly proportional to square of armature current. Therefore as the
load varies these will also vary.

67) The current drawn by the a 230 V DC motor of armature resistance 0.5 Ω and back emf 200
V is
 60
40
600
660

68) Which of the following methods are used to control the speed of DC motors is
field current control
armature circuit resistance control
supply voltage control
all of the above Ans. 4

69) A DC series motor is accidentally connected to single phase ac supply voltage. The torque
produced will be
pulsating and unidirectional
steady and unidirectional
oscillating
none of the above Ans.1
In DC series motor, the AC currents through the field and armature winding will be
unidirectional by commutator and brushes. So torque will be unidirectional but pulsating due to
AC.

70) In a DC motor under constant terminal voltage what is the relation between torque (Te) and
power (P)
T∝ P
T∝ P²
T∝ P³
T is independent of P Ans.1

71) For P pole machine relation between electrical degrees and mechanical degrees is
θelec=2/P*θmech
θelec=P/2*θmech
θelec=θmech
θelec=4/P*θmech Ans.2
72) The air gap between the yoke and armature is dc machine is kept very small
to avoid locking of the armature
to avoid over heating
to achieve a stronger magnetic field
all of the above Ans.3
To achieve stronger magnetic field created by the field poles, the air gap between the yoke and
armature is kept small in rotating machines. Air gap is minimum at the center of the yoke
section.

73) DC machine is a
conduction machine.
convection machine.
both are correct.
none of above are correct. Ans. 1
DC machine has direct contact to conductor and controlling of current is also direct. Hence it is
called as conduction machine.

74) Generators works on the principle of production

dynamically and statically induced emf.
statically induced emf.
none of the above.
dynamically induced emf. Ans.4
DC generator and AC generator works on dynamically induced emf. Transformer works on
static induced emf.
75)