Scientific Bulletin of the 2nd IAHR International Meeting of the Workgroup

“Politehnica” University of Timisoara on Cavitation and Dynamic Problems

Transactions on Mechanics in Hydraulic Machinery and Systems
Tom 52(66), Fascicola 6, 2007 Timisoara, Romania
October 24 - 26, 2007

OPTIMIZE SYSTEM OF THE HYDRO UNITS OPERATION

FOR HPP RUENI
Constantin Viorel CAMPIAN * Dorian NEDELCU
Faculty of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
“Eftimie Murgu” University of Resita “Eftimie Murgu” University of Resita
*Corresponding author: P-ta Traian Vuia nr. 1-4, 320085 Resita, Romania
Tel.: +40255219134, Fax +255219134, E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT • special software for the project [6], [7];

The paper presents an automatic system for the • connecting the system with the hydro unit
testing of the hydro units and for their operation with equipments (Figure 1).
the maximum efficiency, applied to the Rueni HPP The system measure the main mechanical and
[1], [2], [3]. electrical parameters and compute the performances
of the turbine and the hydro unit. The C.C.H.A.P.T.
KEYWORDS software assures the operation of hydro units with
the maximum efficiency.
Turbine, generator, hydro unit, efficiency, discharge,
power, head, pressure, wicket gates, runner. 2. THE FUNCTIONS OF THE OPTIMAL
SYSTEM OPERATION OF THE HYDRO
NOMENCLATURE UNITS FROM HPP RUENI
Q [m3/s] discharge The system uses the following measured parame-
D [m] runner diameter ters:
η [-] efficiency • the spiral casing pressure – measured with pres-
ρ [kg/m3] water density sure transducer, Figure 2;
H [m] head • the Winter-Kennedy pressure difference – meas-
g [m/s2] gravity ured with transducer Siemens SITRANS 7MF
4433-1DA02-1AA1-Z, Figure 3;
ABBREVIATIONS • wicket gates servomotor stroke – measured with
C.C.H.A.P.T. – The Research Centre in Hydraulics, displacement transducer; the transducer is fixed
Automation and Heat Processes from on one of the control drive servomotor of the
“Eftimie Murgu” University of Resita adjusting ring, Figure 4;
• the active power – measured from the hydro unit
1. INTRODUCTION automation;
• head water level – measured before spiral casing
For to implement the optimum operation of hydro
with level transducer type Presley code 192L2940.
unit system is necessary to solve the following stages:
• tail water level – measured after draft tube with
• calculus of the prototype hill chart according to
level transducer type Presley code 192L2940.
[4] and [5];
The system uses the following constant parameters,
• testing of hydro units for checking of the per- reference levels and control surfaces:
formances; • water density ρ – the constant value is calculated
• calculus of the prototype hill chart according to based of water temperature;
[4] and [5]; • gravitational acceleration g - the constant corre-
• testing of hydro units for checking of the per- spond to the geographical position of the Rueni
formances; HPP;
276 Proceedings of the 2nd IAHR International Meeting of the Workgroup on Cavitation and Dynamic Problems in Hydraulic Machinery and Systems

Figure 1. Rueni HPP section

Figure 2. The spiral casing pressure Figure 3. The Winter-Kennedy pressure difference
transducer transducer
Proceedings of the 2nd IAHR International Meeting of the Workgroup on Cavitation and Dynamic Problems in Hydraulic Machinery and Systems 277

Figure 4. The wicket gates displacement transducer

• upstream turbine level zi – correspond to the where: zam is the upstream level before the trash
entering level of the spiral casing where is
placed the pressure transducer; the local value
rack; ∑
hpam −dg are hydraulic losses between
upstream and downstream area of the trash rack,
is zi = 265 over the see level; zdg the level in measuring section after trash rack;
• downstream turbine level ze – at the exit of the • the loss head due to the clogging trash rack:
draft tube where is placed the level transducer;
ze = 265,35 + zav where zav is the transducer value; ∆hz = ∆hR − ∆hRC (4)
• the input turbine section (spiral casing input where: ∆hRC is the loss head corresponding to a
section) Si ; clean trash rack.
• the output draft tube Se . • the hydraulic turbine power (with mechanical losses
The system uses the following relations for cal- neglected):
culated parameters: Pa
• the net head turbine:
PT = ρ ⋅ g ⋅ H n ⋅ Q ⋅ηT = (5)
ηG
⎛p v2 ⎞ ⎛p v2 ⎞ • the turbine efficiency:
H n = ⎜⎜ i + i + zi ⎟⎟ − ⎜⎜ e + e + ze ⎟⎟ (1)
⎝ γ 2g ⎠ ⎝γ 2g ⎠ ηT = η h =
PT
(6)
Q2 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ p p ρ ⋅ g ⋅ H nQ
H n = zi − z e + ⎜⎜ 2 − 2 ⎟⎟ + i − e (2) • the hydro units efficiency:
2 g ⎝ Si S e ⎠ γ γ
η A = ηT ⋅ηG (7)
• the loss head due to the trash rack:
2
• the wicket gates opening a0 is correlated with the
vdg wicket gates servomotor stroke SAD, by a numerical
∆hR = zam − − zdg = ∑ hpam − dg (3)
2g polynom calculated from measured of the two pa-
rameters for an imposed number of points, Figure 5.

Figure 5. The variation of wicket gates opening a0 as a function of the wicket gates servomotor stroke SAD
278 Proceedings of the 2nd IAHR International Meeting of the Workgroup on Cavitation and Dynamic Problems in Hydraulic Machinery and Systems

Figure 6. The optimal system operation diagram of the hydro units

The programmable logic controller will make • for the option menu „Intersectii” the software
data acquisition for the following parameters: will calculate the intersection curves between the
• active power - Pa hill chart diagram and the intersection parameter,
• the input spiral casing pressure - pi which can be: head „Cadere”, discharge „Debit”,
• pressure difference Winter – Kennedy - ∆pWK power „Putere”, wicket gates opening „Alfa”, run-
• the wicket gates servomotor stroke - SAD ner opening „Beta”; the numerical results can be
• the upstream level - ze. exported to Excel, HTML or text file.
The instant data acquisition parameters are medi- • for the option menu „Grila P-H” the software
ated and transferred to the computer as input parame- will calculate the intersection points between pa-
ters for C.C.H.A.P.T. software. Figure 6 present the rameters head and power, in the interval defined
optimal system operation diagram of the hydro units. by Hmin…Hmax values with step Pas H for head
parameter and the interval defined by Pmin…Pmax
3. THE C.C.H.A.P.T. SOFTWARE values with step Pas P for power parameter.
• the option menu “Diagrama de exploatare” (Hill
The C.C.H.A.P.T. software was designed to com- Chart) is destinated to the calculated point in the
pute the turbines characteristics, based on spline curves hill chart area and associated numerical values,
generated by cubic polynomial function. The soft- that can be obtained with the following methods:
ware was detailed described in [6], [7]. Briefly, will o click mouse in the hill chart area – which will
summarize the main functions of the software: get the mouse coordinate (H, Qp) from the hill
• the primary data is grouped in curves with power chart area and will transmit calculated numeri-
PG as parameter, which include the following cal values to text controls;
points: PG, η PL, QP, H, α, β. For primary data the o by input value in one of the text control head
software can draw the following curves: ηPL = f(QP), „H [m]”, discharge „QP [m3/s]”, power „PG
H = f(QP), α = f(QP), β = f(QP), q = f(QP), ηPL = f(H), [MW]”, efficiency „ηPL [%]”, wicket gates open-
QP = f(H), α = f(H), β = f(H), q = f(H), ηPL = f(α), ing „α [-]”, runner opening „β [-]” – will gener-
ηPL = f(β), α = f(β), with PG as parameter; the ate the intersection curve between the parameter
primary data points can be exported to Excel or with the hill chart area and will transmit calcu-
HTML file. lated values to text controls;
Proceedings of the 2nd IAHR International Meeting of the Workgroup on Cavitation and Dynamic Problems in Hydraulic Machinery and Systems 279

o by input value in two of the pairs text control o info graphic points, info curves points (interme-
head „H [m]” and discharge „Q [m3/s]”, head diary points between graphic points);
„H [m]” and power „PG [MW]”, discharge „QP o intersection of curves;
[m3/s]” and power „PG [MW]” or wicket gates o modify the curves label position file.
opening „α [-]” and runner opening „β [-]” – will • the option menu „Achizitie” is designated to data
generate the intersection point between two in- acquisition from the system. The system will made
tersection parameters and will transmit calcu- instant acquisition for an imposed number of points
lated numerical values to text controls. and will calculate median points which will be
Calculated points will be marked with circle in saved in software database. The interface is de-
the hill chart area. signed to data acquisition from two units and is
• for every graphic generated by the software, at presented in Figure 7, which include the follow-
the bottom of the window area is placed a toolbar ing sections:
with command buttons marked with specific icons. o the hill chart area H = f(Qp);
The software offer a popup menu, by right mouse o text controls for instant data acquisition points:
click in the graphic area, with the same options ID point, upstream level, active power, down-
like the command buttons. The function of com- stream level, pressure difference for Winter-
mand buttons are: Kennedy, the wicket gates servomotor stroke,
o close the graphic window; for unit no. 1 and unit no. 2;
o view the table of primary data coordinates; o two buttons for start and stop acquisition process
o tools for modifying graphic parameters: width and one button to quit the acquisition window;
and colours of curves, the visibility and colours o text controls for mediated parameters: date and
hour of the acquisition, ID of the mediated points,
of the markers, the identification numbers of the
the calculated head, the calculated discharge,
points, the width, colours of axes, the name and
the wicket gate opening, the turbine power, the
colours of labels, the limits of grid, the decimals
calculated turbine efficiency, the calculated hydro
number, etc.;
units efficiency, the calculated hydro units power
o zoom in, zoom out, auto zoom (fit), zoom area; and Winter-Kennedy discharge. The value of
o print the graphic; Winter-Kennedy discharge is used as a secon-
o copy graphic to clipboard; dary method to verify the calculated discharge.

Figure 7. The interface of the acquisition software option menu

280 Proceedings of the 2nd IAHR International Meeting of the Workgroup on Cavitation and Dynamic Problems in Hydraulic Machinery and Systems

5. CONCLUSIONS încărcărilor optime P – Q pe baza randamentelor optime

în domeniul căderilor 300 – 330 m.Raport tehnic nr.
The system is designated to monitoring on-line U-04-400-62, C.C.H.A.P.T., septembrie 2004.
the hydro units operation. The database obtained [3] Câmpian, C.V., Nedelcu, D., et al., Studiu privind
after a long period of operation will be used to ob- realizarea şi implementarea funcţiilor de exploatare
tain optimize functional criteria for operation with optimă a hidroagregatelor din CHE Ruieni . Faza I.
maximum efficiency. In the same time, the system is Probe index şi măsurători complexe de determinare a
a diagnose system. parametrilor de funcţionare a HA 2 la o cădere co-
respunzătoare nivelului maxim în lacul amonte. Raport
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS tehnic nr. U-05-400-181, C.C.H.A.P.T., august 2005.
[4] ****** Hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump
The authors acknowledge the financial support turbines. Model acceptance tests. IEC standard 60193/
from the Romanian National Authority for Scientific 1999.
Research under the project CEEX-M1-C2-1185 [5] ****** Determination of the prototype performance
“iSMART-flow”. from model acceptance tests of hydraulic machines
with consideration of scale effects. International Stan-
REFERENCES dard IEC 995. First edition 1991 – 08.
[6] Nedelcu, D., Numerical Methodology for Computing
[1] Câmpian, C.V., Nedelcu, D., et.al, Optimizarea funcţio- the Hydraulic Turbine Hill Chart In: Proceedings of
nării hidroagregatelor de la CHE Ruieni prin folosirea the Workshop on Numerical Methods in Fluid Mechan-
datelor şi a sistemului de monitorizare. Determinarea ics and Fluent Applications, Timisoara, May 22-23, pp
încărcărilor optime P – Q pe baza randamentelor optime 179-186, 2003.
în domeniul căderilor 300 – 330 m. Raport tehnic nr. [7] Nedelcu, D., Campian, C.V., Software for Computing
U-03-400-58, C.C.H.A.P.T., decembrie 2003. of the Hydraulic Turbines Characteristics, The 6th In-
[2] Câmpian, C.V., Nedelcu, D., et.al, Optimizarea funcţio- ternational Conference on Hydraulic Machinery and
nării hidroagregatelor de la CHE Ruieni prin folosirea Hydrodynamics, Timisoara, Romania, October 21 - 22,
datelor şi a sistemului de monitorizare. Determinarea 2004.