Section 11281 - Chlorination Equipment
Section 11281 - Chlorination Equipment
Section 11281 - Chlorination Equipment
PART 1 -- GENERAL
A. The WORK of this Section includes providing chlorine and chlorine solution handling
equipment with controls, valves, piping, gages, switches, regulators, strainers, [tanks,] [air pad
system,] safety devices, fittings, adaptors and accessories.
A. The WORK of the following Sections applies to the WORK of this Section. Other Sections
of the Specifications, not referenced below, shall also apply to the extent required for proper
performance of this WORK:
A. The WORK of the Section shall comply with applicable standards in the following:
PART 2 -- PRODUCTS
2.1 GENERAL
A. Equipment shall be designed and constructed for continuous operation in a corrosive chlorine
environment. Except as otherwise indicated, equipment and components of the chlorination
system shall be as per recommendation of Chlorine Institute, Inc. and shall be the product of
a single manufacturer.
A. Major Equipment: The WORK of this Section includes the following major equipment items:
Equipment
Quantity Equipment Numbers
[ ] - chlorine feeders [ ]
[ ] - Chlorine pressure gauges, 0-200 psi, with 500 psi over-pressure protection,
complete with header valve, union nut, and adapter, to connect to the chlorine
header line.
[ ] - Chlorine vacuum gauges, 0-30 in Hg, with 500 psi over-pressure protection,
complete with header valve, union nut, and adapter, to connect to the chlorine
line.
[ ] - [ ] ppd chlorine vacuum regulator check unit and shut-off valves, with electric
operator to reduce chlorine pressure to below atmospheric pressure and
automatically shut-off the valve upon low temperature contact from the
evaporator or loss of vacuum signal from the high/low vacuum switch. The
unit shall include an integral regulator failure alarm switch.
[ ] - Chlorine gas pressure switches with header valves, union nuts, and adapters,
to connect to the chlorine gas manifold, to activate a remote low pressure
alarm signal.
[ ] - Chlorine gas high/low vacuum (0-30 in Hg) switch with header valves, union
nuts, and adapters, to connect to the chlorine gas manifold, to activate a
remote low vacuum alarm signal.
2 - Self-contained air breathing gas masks, with a 30-minute air supply, and fully
encapsulated protective suits as required by OSHA, equipped with a NEMA
12 weatherproof FRP cabinet for wall-mounting outside the chlorine area.
1 - Safety chain and locking device anchorage system for all stored chlorine
cylinders.
A. Control and Capacity: Chlorine feeder capacities and control shall comply with the
following:
1. Equipment No. [ ]
Point of chlorination: -[ ]
Control: -[ ]
Chlorinator capacity:
Stage I - lb/day -[ ]
Ultimately - lb/day -[ ]
Module: lb -[ ]
B. Design: The chlorine feeders shall be equipped with an electric motor actuated control valve,
and an automatic flow proportional control, with a capacity range of 20:1 and manual dosage
control. The chlorine feeder units shall contain, inside their cases, all working parts such as
differential vacuum regulating valve, vacuum relief valve, meter for dosage rate (scaled in
lbs/day of Cl2), panel front-mounted supply vacuum and injector vacuum gauges, and panel
front variable orifice control for manual dosage rate adjustment. These parts shall be visible
from outside the unit either from the front or back, and shall be readily accessible.
C. Feed and Safety Design: Chlorine feeders shall be designed so that the chlorine gas shall
be continuously fed under less than atmospheric pressure from the time that it passes the
[automatic switchover] vacuum regulator check unit mounted at the [chlorine cylinder(s)]
[evaporators] until it is absorbed in water at the injector. If the water supply to the injector
should fail, or if the vacuum is not maintained, the chlorine vacuum regulator check unit shall
close automatically. Provisions shall be made for limiting the vacuum with the chlorine feeder
in order to prevent back siphoning of water into the metering equipment.
D. Materials: Surfaces of parts in contact with chlorine gas in the presence of moisture shall
be constructed of materials which are resistant to moist chlorine. The chlorine feeder case
shall be constructed of fiberglass or similar chlorine corrosion-resistant material for [floor
mounting] [wall mounting].
$#
[A. Automatic switchover vacuum regulator check units shall be provided on [the manifold of each
of the two banks of chlorine cylinders] [on each of the two chlorine cylinders.] The automatic
switchover vacuum regulator check units shall convert chlorine gas to less than atmospheric
pressure for use by the chlorinators. The automatic switchover vacuum regulator check units
shall work in tandem whereby [one bank of cylinders] [one cylinder] is on line while the second
is on standby. When the on-line supply is exhausted, the automatic valves shall switch
positions and the standby supply shall be placed on-line. The system shall allow for manual
gas shut-off, and contain integral drip leg heaters, liquid chlorine drip legs, and gas traps and
filters.]
[A. A vacuum regulator check unit shall be provided on [the manifold of each bank of chlorine
cylinders] [on each chlorine cylinder] [at each evaporator]. The vacuum regulator check unit
shall convert chlorine to a less than atmospheric pressure state for use by the chlorinators.]
B. A standby pressure relief valve shall be located immediately downstream of the [automatic
switchover vacuum regulator check units] [vacuum regulator check units]. In the event of a
malfunction of the [automatic switchover] vacuum regulator check unit[s], the standby
pressure relief valve shall vent chlorine via a vent pipe to a safe location outside of the
building.
A. Each chlorine feeder shall be automatically controlled by a 4-20 Ma electrical signal from the
[ ] flow meter. Each chlorine feeder shall include a controller-positioner to convert the input
signal to a mechanical movement to vary the orifice position, changing the dosage rate, and
be compatible with the incoming flow signal. The chlorine feeders shall be operated by
vacuum from the injectors as shown.
[B. Chlorinator No. [ ] shall operate on a compound-loop system with a 4-20 Ma flow
proportional signal to the V-notch control valve and a variable vacuum or electrical signal from
the residual analyzer to the vacuum regulating valve to achieve compound-loop control
through 2 separate control valves.]
$#
NTS: The specifier must select either Paragraph 2.6 or Paragraph 2.7. The first
version is a more up-to-date design, with a higher accuracy up to one part per
billion chlorine residual, a higher price, and it is available from Wallace and
Tiernan, only. The second version has been made for several years and is
still available from Fischer & Porter.
#$
2. Continuous on-line analysis of chlorine residuals down to one part per billion
(0.001mg/l).
3. Allow continuous feedback control of chlorine residual down to ten parts per billion (0.01
mg/l).
A supervisor's set-up menu with step-by-step displayed instructions and error messages
to assure proper startup.
6. Pinpoint control of reagent feed rate via valveless, peristaltic pumps using brushless
stepping motors for accuracy and reliability.
7. Automatic back-flushing of cell orifice and flow path, preset for zero to 48 times per day.
8. A magnetically coupled impeller in the cell to maintain constant sample velocity at the
measuring cell and to provide grit bombardment to keep electrode surfaces clean.
9. NEMA 4X enclosure of electronics with plug-in connectors for cell and pumps.
10. Battery back-up in case of loss of power for up to 24 hours to ensure set point and
calibration will not be lost.
[11. In addition to transmitting a signal to a remote recorder, the analyzer shall be equipped
with compound loop control, motorized valve, and signal to the chlorinator for residual
control.]
C. Reagents: The analyzers shall be designed to utilize inexpensive reagents such as battery
acid for pH control of the sample.
A. General: Each residual chlorine analyzer shall be of amperometric type for the
measurement of [free] [total] residual chlorine in [water] [waste water] over a range of 0 to [
] mg/l. The equipment shall include indicating, amplification, and transmission equipment.
The remote recorder shall comply with Section 13300.
C. Sampling Cell: The sampling cell shall contain 2 electrodes which continuously detect the
chlorine residual in the samples and generate an electrical signal proportional to the residual
chlorine concentration. The cell shall have a means to prevent the adherence of any foreign
materials to the electrode surface.
D. Thermistor: The thermistor immersed in the sample stream shall form a part of the electric
signal circuit in order to compensate automatically for changes in the cell output due to the
water temperature changes. The analyzer shall be furnished with one sample flow rate
regulator to permit easy setting of the optimum flow. An electronic pulse pump shall be part
of the sampling system to meter reagent and buffer into the sample. Analyzers shall have a
motorized filter in the sample line.
E. Output Signal: The chlorine residual analyzer assembly shall include a signal converter
which shall transmit an output signal of 4-20 mA. This signal shall vary in direct linear
proportion to the value of residual chlorine. The analyzer and transmitter shall operate on a
120-volt, ac power source.
A. General: The chlorine gas detection system shall provide a warning of the presence of
chlorine gas in the chlorine storage room and chlorinator room.
B. Design: The detectors shall contain electro-chemical sensing cells requiring minimum
maintenance and shall be sensitive to the presence of chlorine gas only. The sensing cell
shall be connected to the electrical circuit to give an alarm when one ppm or more chlorine
gas (by volume) is present in the air. [At 3 ppm, the signal shall start the scrubbing system
and close all motor-operated valves at bulk storage tank(s) and motorized dampers on all
ventilation air intake louvers]. Failures in the internal electrical circuit shall cause an alarm
condition. The detectors shall be suitable for operation on 120-volts, single-phase, 60-Hz,
ac, and they shall be wall-mounted units. A normally-closed contact shall be provided to
operate annunciators and a normally-open dry contact shall be provided to operate exhaust
fans in case of chlorine leaks. The leak detector housing and the remote sensor cable must
be radio frequency interference (RFI) shielded.
A. General: Chlorine scales shall be of the hydraulic compressive load cell type with one dial
each at each scale as shown. Each chlorine scale shall have a [60-inch x 30-inch] [60-inch
x 60-inch] [96-inch x 48-inch] platform, with [0-4,000 lb] [0-8,000 lb] [0-12,000 lb] capacity.
B. Scale Rack: Scales shall be furnished with racks designed to support [ ] standard 1-ton
chlorine cylinders each. A standard 1-ton cylinder for chlorine weighs approximately 3,700
lb when full. Scale racks shall be equipped with heavy-duty casters to support the chlorine
cylinders so that the cylinders can be easily rotated. The scale racks shall tilt up for cleaning.
The racks shall receive a protective coating in accordance with Section 09800.
C. Load Cells and Indicators: The hydraulic compression type load cells shall be of the
temperature stable type with damper installed to prevent shock damage. The load cells shall
be connected to bourdon tube type dial indicators with flexible tubing, placed inside 1-1/2-inch
PVC conduits, cast into the concrete floor. Hydraulic tubing may be mounted on the wall
surface as indicated. [An adjustable low weight alarm switch activated by the pointer on the
dial shall be provided to activate a remote chlorine low weight alarm. The switch shall be rated
5 amps at 110 volts ac and have a local, manual reset button]. The dial indicators shall be
graduated in not greater than 20 lb increments and shall be capable of full scale tare
adjustment. Tare adjustment shall not require the use of any special tools and shall be easily
accessible for adjustment without dismantling the indicator. The dials shall be not less than
18 inches in diameter. [A 4-20 mA transmitter shall also be furnished with each scale's load
cell measurement system as shown. The transmitter shall generate an electrical 4-20 mA
output signal proportional to measured weight. Transmitter accuracy shall be within ± 0.5
percent at full scale measurement.]
D. Accuracyof Scales: The hydraulic compression load cell system shall produce an accuracy
of plus or minus 0.25 percent of the full scale.
A. General: The chlorine cylinder anchorage, for the cylinders on the scales and in storage,
shall consist of safety chains and locking devices complying with the following:
1. Storage cylinders shall be tied down against the floor or walls with 1/4-inch galvanized
steel chains and anchoring plates which shall be bolted to the floor, or wall.
2. The cylinders that are mounted on scales shall be fastened to the base of the scale.
Holes shall be drilled and tapped in the base of the scale so that a 1/4-inch chain with
1/2-inch size eye hooks on each end can be strapped over each cylinder with the eye
hooks installed in the holes. A tank binder shall be used to take up the slack of the
chain. The binders shall be load binders of the lever type for 1/4-inch chains, all
galvanized steel construction, with a 12-inch handle, and for approximately 5,000 lb
capacity.
A. General: The evaporators shall be a heated water bath type with electric heaters and having
a maximum capacity of vaporing [ ] pounds of liquid Cl2 per 24 hrs. The electric heaters shall
be mounted external to the water bath and removable without the need of draining the bath
water. The heaters shall be cycled through a capacitance type temperature probe located
in the water bath section. The heated water shall be transferred from the heater section to
the water bath via an all bronze circulating pump.
1. Two [ ]-kw electric immersion heaters suitable for 440/480 volt, 3-phase, 60-Hz
supply.
3. Instrument panel with gas pressure gauge, gas temperature gauge, water bath
temperature gauge, water bath level indicator, and cathodic protection ammeter.
4. Automatic bath water level control and make-up, including pre-piped, waterproof,
solenoid valve, electrodes assembled in evaporator, and a resistance type level
controller installed in the electrical control box.
5. Low bath water level alarm switch including electrodes assembled in evaporator and a
resistance type level alarm control unit mounted in the electrical control box.
10. Combination magnetic contactor with fusible disconnect switch in a NEMA 4 rated
enclosure.
12. Diaphragm type pressure gauges, (0-200 psi with 500 psi over pressure protection),
with isolation valves.
C. Tank: The water bath tank shall be hot-dipped galvanized on both the inside and outside.
The outside of the water bath tank shall be insulated with polyester urethane foam. The inside
of the water bath tank and the outside of the gas chamber shall be protected from corrosion
by cathodic protection. The cathodic protection shall use magnesium anodes. The current
shall be adjustable and displayed on a panel mounted ammeter.
D. Gas Chamber: The gas chamber shall have a liquid inlet and gas outlet clearly marked.
There shall be a liquid inlet located at the bottom of the gas chamber for the purpose of
flushing and draining. The chlorine evaporator (vaporizer) gas chamber and pressure relief
valve shall comply with ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division I and
also meet the recommendations set by the Chlorine Institute.
E. Power Supply: The evaporator shall be completely pre-wired, including magnetic starter, all
controls, switches and manual disconnect to one 440/480-volt terminal strip, and one 110-volt
terminal strip.
F. SafetyDesign: Evaporator systems shall include safety devices in feed and discharge lines
and they shall ensure that chlorine gas fed from the evaporator to the chlorinators is in a less
than atmospheric pressure state.
G. Gas Pressure Relief System: There shall be a Cl2 gas pressure relief system using a
rupture disc (set at 400 psi). Should the pressure on the gas side exceed 400 psi the disc
will rupture and activate a diaphragm pressure switch (set at 20 psi), this switch shall be used
to sound an alarm. Should the pressure continue to rise a pressure relief valve (set at 560
psi) shall open and discharge to a safe location outside of the building. After opening, the
pressure relief valve shall close when the gas pressure settles down below 560 psi.
H. Liquid Cl2 Pressure Relief System: There shall be a Cl2 liquid pressure relief system
provided on the liquid line at all points where liquid Cl2 could get trapped between two valves.
In addition, there shall be as a minimum one relief system provided with the evaporator and
one provided for every 375 feet of liquid line. The Cl2 liquid pressure relief system shall use
a rupture disc (set at 400 psi) and an expansion chamber minimum 23 inches long and 6-5/8
inches in diameter conforming to ASME Section VIII, Division I code for unfired pressure
vessels. Should the pressure on the liquid side exceed 400 psi the disc will rupture and
activate a diaphragm pressure switch (set at 20 psi), which shall sound an alarm.
I. Vacuum Regulating Unit: Each evaporator shall also have a [ ] ppd electrically
operated, vacuum regulating valve and check unit installed in the gas discharge line. The
valve shall be connected to the water temperature switch on the evaporator and if the water
temperature drops, the switch shall close the valve. The valve shall also close on loss of
operating vacuum. The unit shall contain a heater rated at 25 watts, 120 volts, 60-Hz.
A. General: Chlorine injectors shall be suitable for the capacities and pressure conditions
indicated and shall include threaded or flanged connections, manual throat adjustment and
double check arrangement to prevent water from leaking into the chlorine gas supply, when
the injector is not operating. Each injector shall be equipped with a vacuum gauge, and an
auxiliary spring-loaded diaphragm.
Point of application -[ ]
Injector size - in -[ ]
Feed rate - lb/day -[ ]
Dilution water - gpm -[ ]
Water pressure - psig -[ ]
Back pressure - psig -[ ]
Length of vapor line - ft -[ ]
Length of solution line - ft -[ ]
A. General: The WORK includes piping, valves fittings, gaskets, bolts, nuts, couplings, supports
and other materials required for the installation. Materials in contact with chlorine shall be
suitable for this service. Installation, cleaning, and testing shall comply with Chlorine Institute's
recommendations. During erection, cutting oil, grease and other foreign material inside any
portion of the system shall be removed by methods such as flushing or cleaning with cloth
saturated with trichloroethane or other suitable chlorinated solvent. THE CONTRACTOR
SHALL NOT USE HYDROCARBONS OR ALCOHOLS FOR CLEANING. New equipment,
pipe, fittings and accessories received in an oily condition shall be dismantled and cleaned
before use.
B. Piping and Gauges: Pressure and vacuum gauges mounted on chlorine gas and chlorine
solution lines shall be protected with diaphragm seals. Steel pipe and fittings used for chlorine
pressure lines, and PVC pipe and pipe fittings used for chlorine gas under vacuum and
chlorine solution, shall comply with a Section 15010. All flanges and unions on chlorine
pressure piping shall be ammonia type, suitable for that service. Threaded joints shall be
made up with compounds or tape especially recommended for chlorine service.
C. Valves: Shut-off valves installed in chlorine pressure piping shall be threaded 3-piece ball
valves, 300-lb rating, with forged carbon steel body, Hastelloy "C" trim, modified Teflon Seal
and seal model ball and stem with 1/4 turn open or closed operator.
D. Testing Gas and Liquid Piping: After cleaning, as described in paragraph A, above, the
piping shall be tested at the indicated pressure and then drained and dried as follows. Apply
steam to the piping from the upper piping end. Condensate and foreign matter shall be
drained from the piping at the lower end, but not into the chlorine storage tanks. Steaming
shall be continued until the line is thoroughly heated and cleaned. The steam supply shall then
be disconnected and while the piping is still hot, dry air having a maximum dew point of -40
degrees F, shall be blown through the piping until the dew point of the discharge air equals that
of the entering air. The piping shall then be tightly sealed against entry of moisture.
[E. Testing of Vessel: The chlorine storage vessel interiors shall be cleaned but shall not be
steamed. Before admitting chlorine or testing for piping leaks, the interiors of the storage
vessels shall be dried with minus 40 degrees F air as described above.]
F. System Testing: After drying, the [tanks and] chlorine gas and liquid piping system shall be
pressurized with dry air to 150 psi and tested for leaks by application of soapy water to the
outside of joints. Leaks shall be repaired and the line shall be redried and retested. Chlorine
gas shall then be introduced into the line, the test pressure built up to 150 psi with dry air, and
the system tested for leaks, using strong aqua ammonia (commercial 26EBe).
G. Purging: Piping and equipment shall be thoroughly purged of chlorine before repairs.
[H. Flexible Connectors: The one-inch flexible metal hoses at the chlorine unloading facility
(4 required) shall be approximately 10 ft long, fabricated of a material compatible with
chlorine, with one-inch male pipe sections on each end. The hose ends shall be modified as
required with the appropriate fittings and shall be leak-free during chlorine liquid unloading to
the tank truck at one end, and the fixed piping of the unloading facility at the other end.]
A. Nameplates, tools and spare parts shall comply with Section 11260 and as indicated herein.
6 Instruction books 3
2.15 MANUFACTURERS
PART 3 -- EXECUTION
3.1 INSTALLATION
A. General: Equipment shall be installed in accordance with Section 11260 and with the
recommendations of the Chlorine Institute, Inc.
3.2 PAINTING
A. Factory Painting: Factory painting shall conform to manufacturer's standard factory finish
provided it does not discolor in the presence of hydrogen sulfide fumes, high water vapor
atmosphere, alkaline water vapor, and concentrated chlorine (oxidizing) condition..
B. Field Painting: Equipment which did not receive a factory finish shall be painted in
accordance with Section 09800. Factory painted items requiring touching up in the field shall
be cleaned of all foreign material and shall be primed and top coated with the manufacturer's
standard factory finish.
** END OF SECTION **