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    Earth Mat Calculations PDF

    Uploaded by

    souvikbesu89
    This document provides calculations for the earth mat design of a 33kV substation. Key details include: - The soil resistivity is 86.31 ohm-m and fault current is 31.5kA. - Calculations determine the earth mat configuration including 400mm2 conductors in a 1m spacing grid. - However, the design is not safe as the actual mesh and step potentials exceed tolerable levels. Additional earth rods are recommended to improve safety. - The grid potential rise of 52.2kV is also above the acceptable limit of 5kV. More rods are needed to reduce the resistance and make the design safe.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Earth Mat Calculations PDF

    Uploaded by

    souvikbesu89
    3K views7 pages
    This document provides calculations for the earth mat design of a 33kV substation. Key details include: - The soil resistivity is 86.31 ohm-m and fault current is 31.5kA. - Calculations determine the earth mat configuration including 400mm2 conductors in a 1m spacing grid. - However, the design is not safe as the actual mesh and step potentials exceed tolerable levels. Additional earth rods are recommended to improve safety. - The grid potential rise of 52.2kV is also above the acceptable limit of 5kV. More rods are needed to reduce the resistance and make the design safe.

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    87081634-Earth-Mat-Calculations.pdf

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    This document provides calculations for the earth mat design of a 33kV substation. Key details include: - The soil resistivity is 86.31 ohm-m and fault current is 31.5kA. - Calculations determine the earth mat configuration including 400mm2 conductors in a 1m spacing grid. - However, the design is not safe as the actual mesh and step potentials exceed tolerable levels. Additional earth rods are recommended to improve safety. - The grid potential rise of 52.2kV is also above the acceptable limit of 5kV. More rods are needed to reduce the resistance and make the design safe.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    3K views7 pages

    Earth Mat Calculations PDF

    Uploaded by

    souvikbesu89
    This document provides calculations for the earth mat design of a 33kV substation. Key details include: - The soil resistivity is 86.31 ohm-m and fault current is 31.5kA. - Calculations determine the earth mat configuration including 400mm2 conductors in a 1m spacing grid. - However, the design is not safe as the actual mesh and step potentials exceed tolerable levels. Additional earth rods are recommended to improve safety. - The grid potential rise of 52.2kV is also above the acceptable limit of 5kV. More rods are needed to reduce the resistance and make the design safe.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 7

    EARTH MAT DESIGN CALCULATION FOR 33 KV S/STN

    for M/s Sukhbir Agro Energy Ltd, Shahjahanpur, U.P.

    1. The Average Soil Resistivity measured as : 86.31 Ohm mtr.


    2. Design Calculation are based on IEEE80-2000.
    3. Maximum Symmetrical Fault current : 31.5 kA

    4. Duration of Fault :
    For Earth Mat Design for HV S/Stn. Is to be considered as 1 Sec.
    For the purpose of determining the Safe Step & Mesh Potential a duration of .5 Sec
    is considered.

    5. Maximum GRID Current


    DF = 1.05 (Decrement factor for entire duration)
    SF = 0.8 split factor
    Ig = 31.5 KA (Single Line to Ground Fault)
    IG = Df x Sf X Ig = 31.5 x 1.05 x 0.8 = 26.46 KA.

    6. Calculations of Conductors Size of Sub-Soil Ground

    Area : A = IG 1
    √ (TC x 10-4) Logn (KO+Tm)
    (TCxαRxPR) (KO+Ta)

    = 26.46 x 1
    √ (3.28 x 10-4) Logn (605+1500)
    (3x0.0016x15.9) (605+40)

    = 370.35 sq.mm

    Recommended Size of GI Flat = 400 Sq.mm = 50 x 8 mm2


    Dia = 0.02257 mt

    Dy = Spacing between // Conductors on shorter side = 1 mt.


    Dx = Spacing between // Conductors on Longest side = 1 mt.

    Nx = No. of sub-soil ground conductors on shorter side = 12


    Ny = No. of sub-soil ground conductors on longest side = 33

    N = √33*12 = 19.89
    Control Room:

    Nx = 6+1= 7
    Ny = 6+1= 7
    N= √ (Nx x Ny )= √ (7 x 7) = 7

    Area of Switchyard (31.8 x 10.4) : 330.72 sq. Mtr.


    Area fo Control Room (6 x 6 ) : 36 sq. Mtr.
    Total Area : 366.72 sq. Mtr.

    Avg. Spacing = 1 mt
    Dep. Of Burial = 0.6 mt
    Equivalent Dia of Strip = Πd2/A = 400mm2 = 0.02257 mt
    Dia = 0.02257 mt

    7. Calculation for Resistance of Earth Mesh

    Rmesh = [ { }]
    √
    √

    = 86.31 ( 1___+ 1_____ ( 1 + 1 )


    1045.3 √20x366.72 1+0.6 √20/ 366.72

    = 1.974 Ω
    Hence, the resistance is more than 1 Ω, The DESIGN IS NOT SAFE. More earth
    rods to be provided to bring down resistance to less than 1 ohm.

    Resistance of Grounding Rod

    R = ρ [ logn (8L/d)-1] d= 0.04 mtr


    2πL

    = 86.31 [ logn (8x 3/0.040)-1]


    2π x 3

    = 24.724 Ω

    8. Actual Mesh Potential

    E mesh actual =( Pa x Ig x Km x Ki)


    Lt

    Km = 1(logn (D²) + (D+2h) ² - h) + Ki/kh logn ( 8 )


    2π (16hd 8Dd 4d) π (2n-1)
    Km1 = 1(logn (D²) + (D+2h) ² - h) D= 1 mtr, N= 19.89
    2π (16hd 8Dd 4d)

    Client = 1 (logn [ (1²) + (1+2x0.6) ² - 0.6 )


    2π (16x0.6x0.02257) 8x1x0.02257 4x0.02257)

    + 1__ logn (8/ π(2x19.89 – 1)


    1.264

    = 0.168

    Ki = .656+.172*19.89= 4.07

    E mesh actual =( Pa x Ig x Km x Ki)


    Lt

    = 86.31 x 26.46 x .168 x 4.07


    1045.3
    = 1493.42 Volts

    9. Emesh Tolerable =

    165+ 0.25 x 3000 = 1294 Volts


    0.707

    10. Actual Touch Potential = (Ig x km x k2 x P)/ L


    = 86.31 x 26.46 x .168 x 4.07
    1045.3
    = 1493.42 Volts

    E Touch tolerable = (1000 + 1.5Cs x 3000) x 0.157/√ts


    = (1000 + 1.5 x 0.873 x 3000) x 0.116/ 0.707
    = 808.63 V
    Cs= 1-0.106 [ 1-(136.7/3000)/2x0.6+0.106] = 0.873

    E touch Actual = 1493.42 V, Hence design is safe.

    11. Attainable Step Voltage (Actual Step Potential)

    Es = Ks x Ki x P x I
    Lt

    Ks = 1 (1 + 1 + 1 ( 1- 0.5) n-2
    π ( 2h D+h D
    Ks = 1 (1 + 1 + 1 ( 1- 0.5) 19.89-2
    3.142 ( 2x.6 2+.6 2

    = .3183(.833+.384+.9999)
    Ks = .7056
    Ki = 4.07

    Actual STEP Potential (Estep) = 86.31X26452X0.7056X4.07


    1045.3
    = 6272.3 Volts

    Tolerable E step = (1000 + 6Cs x 3000) x 0.116/√ts


    Cs= 1-0.106 [ 1-(136.7/3000)/2x0.6+0.106] = 0.873

    E touch tol. = (1000 + 6(0.873) x 3000) x 0.116/√0.707) = 2742.32 V

    Since the Actual Step Potential is not less than tolerable Step Potential, hence design
    is not safe.

    12. E-STEP at Fencing

    E Step actual = (Pa x Ig x Ks x Ki)


    Lt
    Ks = 0.7056
    Ki = 4.07
    = 0.7056 x 4.07 x 86.31 x 26.452 = 6222.58 Volts
    1045.3

    Estep Fencing Tolerable = 165 + Pa/√ts


    = 165+86.31/.707
    = 355.459 volts

    Since E-Step fencing Actual is more than E-Step fencing tolerable, then fencing shall
    be earthed separately with 4 Nos. Earth Rods at each corner of fencing.

    13. Sustained Earth Fault current


    Ip= (9+.0135XCsXPs)Lt/Km x Ki x P
    =(9+.0135X.873x3000x1045.3 )/(0.168*4.07*86.31)
    = 785.65 Amp
    The Relay clearing ground fault shall be set to a minimum Pick up current below the
    sustained earth fault current.

    14. Equipment Earthing


    Each equipment will be provided double earth with 50 x 8mm GI Strip.
    This will be connected to Main Earth Mat.
    200 mt Extra M.S. Flat 50 x 8 mm to be added for risers.

    15. Length of conductor

    20% margin for corrosion :

    31.8 x 12 + 10.4 x 33 = 724.8 x 1.2 mtr = 869.76 sq. mtr


    Control Room : = (42 + 42) x 1.2 = 100.8 sq. mtr
    Total Area = 970.56 sq. mtr

    Length of Rods : 25 x 3 = 75
    Total Length : 970.5 + 75 = 1045.3 mtr

    16. Grid Potential Rise (GPR)

    26.452 x 1.974 = 52.216 kV

    GPR is more than 5 KV & hence the design is not safe. Hence more earth rods will
    be provided to bring down GPR less than 5 kV.
    Annexure-A
    INPUT PARAMETERS

    1. Symmetrical fault current = 31500Amp = 31.5 KA


    2. Fault current diversion factor = 0.8
    3. Duration of fault current for Short current rating = 3 Sec
    4. Duration of shock current for determining allowable body current = 0.5sec
    5. Surface gravel layer resistivity = 3000 Ω m
    6. Soil resistivity = 86.31 Ωm
    7. Surface layer thickness = 100mm
    8. Depth of Burial of earth material = 0.6 mtrs
    9. Max length in X direction = 31.8 mts
    10. Max length in Y direction = 10.4 mts
    11. No. of long conductors = 12 nos
    12. No. of short conductors = 33 nos
    13. Equivalent Dia of conductors = 0.02257
    14. X Section of earth mat = 50 x 8 mm
    15. Dia of 3 mtr. Long ground rods = 40 mm
    16. Average Spacing = 1 mt.
    17. Area of S/W Yard (31.8 * 10.4) + 36 = 366.72 sq.mtr.
    18. Total length of strip = 1045.3 mts
    19. Resistance of grounding rod = 25.739 Ω
    20. Resistance of grid = 1.974 Ω
    AMPACITY – CALCULATIONS

    1. Type of conductors = Mild Steel


    2. Ref Temp for material constants = 20°C
    3. Thermal coefficient of resistivity αr = 0.0016/°C
    4. Fusing temp of conductor = 1510°C
    5. Ambient Temp = 40°C
    6. Resistivity of conductor at Ref temp = 15.9 uΩ m
    7. Thermal capacity / Unit volume Tcap = 3.283 J/Cm3 °C
    8. Ko = 605
    9. Time duration for sizing of Earth Mat conductor = 3sec
    10. Current sizing of Earth Mat Conductor = 26, 452 Amp.
    11. Fault Level = 31.5 kA
    12. Soil Resistivity = 86.31 Ωm
    13. GPR = 52.216 kV
    14. Resistance of grid = 1.974 Ω
    15. Av. Spacing = 1mtr.
    16. Extra Rods for Earthing of Fencing 3mtr x 40mm = 6 Nos.
    17. Total Rods = 25 + 6 = 31 Nos.
    18. Size of Main Electrodes = 3 mtr. X 40 mm dia
    19. Emesh (Actual) = 1493.42 V
    20. (Tolerable) = 1294 V
    21. Estep (Actual) = 6272.3 V
    22. (Tolerable) = 2742.32 V
    23. Estep at Fencing (Actual) = 6222.58 V
    24. (Tolerable) = 3554.59 V
    25. Sustained Earth Fault Current = 785.65 Amp.
    26. Fault Level = 31,500 A
    27. Duration of shock for determining allowable body current = 0.5 sec
    28. Max. Grid current = 26.452 kA

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