This document provides calculations for the earth mat design of a 33kV substation. Key details include:
- The soil resistivity is 86.31 ohm-m and fault current is 31.5kA.
- Calculations determine the earth mat configuration including 400mm2 conductors in a 1m spacing grid.
- However, the design is not safe as the actual mesh and step potentials exceed tolerable levels. Additional earth rods are recommended to improve safety.
- The grid potential rise of 52.2kV is also above the acceptable limit of 5kV. More rods are needed to reduce the resistance and make the design safe.
This document provides calculations for the earth mat design of a 33kV substation. Key details include:
- The soil resistivity is 86.31 ohm-m and fault current is 31.5kA.
- Calculations determine the earth mat configuration including 400mm2 conductors in a 1m spacing grid.
- However, the design is not safe as the actual mesh and step potentials exceed tolerable levels. Additional earth rods are recommended to improve safety.
- The grid potential rise of 52.2kV is also above the acceptable limit of 5kV. More rods are needed to reduce the resistance and make the design safe.
This document provides calculations for the earth mat design of a 33kV substation. Key details include:
- The soil resistivity is 86.31 ohm-m and fault current is 31.5kA.
- Calculations determine the earth mat configuration including 400mm2 conductors in a 1m spacing grid.
- However, the design is not safe as the actual mesh and step potentials exceed tolerable levels. Additional earth rods are recommended to improve safety.
- The grid potential rise of 52.2kV is also above the acceptable limit of 5kV. More rods are needed to reduce the resistance and make the design safe.
This document provides calculations for the earth mat design of a 33kV substation. Key details include:
- The soil resistivity is 86.31 ohm-m and fault current is 31.5kA.
- Calculations determine the earth mat configuration including 400mm2 conductors in a 1m spacing grid.
- However, the design is not safe as the actual mesh and step potentials exceed tolerable levels. Additional earth rods are recommended to improve safety.
- The grid potential rise of 52.2kV is also above the acceptable limit of 5kV. More rods are needed to reduce the resistance and make the design safe.
for M/s Sukhbir Agro Energy Ltd, Shahjahanpur, U.P.
1. The Average Soil Resistivity measured as : 86.31 Ohm mtr.
2. Design Calculation are based on IEEE80-2000. 3. Maximum Symmetrical Fault current : 31.5 kA
4. Duration of Fault : For Earth Mat Design for HV S/Stn. Is to be considered as 1 Sec. For the purpose of determining the Safe Step & Mesh Potential a duration of .5 Sec is considered.
5. Maximum GRID Current
DF = 1.05 (Decrement factor for entire duration) SF = 0.8 split factor Ig = 31.5 KA (Single Line to Ground Fault) IG = Df x Sf X Ig = 31.5 x 1.05 x 0.8 = 26.46 KA.
6. Calculations of Conductors Size of Sub-Soil Ground
Area : A = IG 1 √ (TC x 10-4) Logn (KO+Tm) (TCxαRxPR) (KO+Ta)
= 26.46 x 1 √ (3.28 x 10-4) Logn (605+1500) (3x0.0016x15.9) (605+40)
= 370.35 sq.mm
Recommended Size of GI Flat = 400 Sq.mm = 50 x 8 mm2
Dia = 0.02257 mt
Dy = Spacing between // Conductors on shorter side = 1 mt.
Dx = Spacing between // Conductors on Longest side = 1 mt.
Nx = No. of sub-soil ground conductors on shorter side = 12
Ny = No. of sub-soil ground conductors on longest side = 33
N = √33*12 = 19.89 Control Room:
Nx = 6+1= 7 Ny = 6+1= 7 N= √ (Nx x Ny )= √ (7 x 7) = 7
Area of Switchyard (31.8 x 10.4) : 330.72 sq. Mtr.
Area fo Control Room (6 x 6 ) : 36 sq. Mtr. Total Area : 366.72 sq. Mtr.
Avg. Spacing = 1 mt Dep. Of Burial = 0.6 mt Equivalent Dia of Strip = Πd2/A = 400mm2 = 0.02257 mt Dia = 0.02257 mt
7. Calculation for Resistance of Earth Mesh
Rmesh = [ { }] √ √
= 86.31 ( 1___+ 1_____ ( 1 + 1 )
1045.3 √20x366.72 1+0.6 √20/ 366.72
= 1.974 Ω Hence, the resistance is more than 1 Ω, The DESIGN IS NOT SAFE. More earth rods to be provided to bring down resistance to less than 1 ohm.
Actual STEP Potential (Estep) = 86.31X26452X0.7056X4.07
1045.3 = 6272.3 Volts
Tolerable E step = (1000 + 6Cs x 3000) x 0.116/√ts
Cs= 1-0.106 [ 1-(136.7/3000)/2x0.6+0.106] = 0.873
E touch tol. = (1000 + 6(0.873) x 3000) x 0.116/√0.707) = 2742.32 V
Since the Actual Step Potential is not less than tolerable Step Potential, hence design is not safe.
12. E-STEP at Fencing
E Step actual = (Pa x Ig x Ks x Ki)
Lt Ks = 0.7056 Ki = 4.07 = 0.7056 x 4.07 x 86.31 x 26.452 = 6222.58 Volts 1045.3
Estep Fencing Tolerable = 165 + Pa/√ts
= 165+86.31/.707 = 355.459 volts
Since E-Step fencing Actual is more than E-Step fencing tolerable, then fencing shall be earthed separately with 4 Nos. Earth Rods at each corner of fencing.
13. Sustained Earth Fault current
Ip= (9+.0135XCsXPs)Lt/Km x Ki x P =(9+.0135X.873x3000x1045.3 )/(0.168*4.07*86.31) = 785.65 Amp The Relay clearing ground fault shall be set to a minimum Pick up current below the sustained earth fault current.
14. Equipment Earthing
Each equipment will be provided double earth with 50 x 8mm GI Strip. This will be connected to Main Earth Mat. 200 mt Extra M.S. Flat 50 x 8 mm to be added for risers.
15. Length of conductor
20% margin for corrosion :
31.8 x 12 + 10.4 x 33 = 724.8 x 1.2 mtr = 869.76 sq. mtr
Control Room : = (42 + 42) x 1.2 = 100.8 sq. mtr Total Area = 970.56 sq. mtr
Length of Rods : 25 x 3 = 75 Total Length : 970.5 + 75 = 1045.3 mtr
16. Grid Potential Rise (GPR)
26.452 x 1.974 = 52.216 kV
GPR is more than 5 KV & hence the design is not safe. Hence more earth rods will be provided to bring down GPR less than 5 kV. Annexure-A INPUT PARAMETERS
1. Symmetrical fault current = 31500Amp = 31.5 KA
2. Fault current diversion factor = 0.8 3. Duration of fault current for Short current rating = 3 Sec 4. Duration of shock current for determining allowable body current = 0.5sec 5. Surface gravel layer resistivity = 3000 Ω m 6. Soil resistivity = 86.31 Ωm 7. Surface layer thickness = 100mm 8. Depth of Burial of earth material = 0.6 mtrs 9. Max length in X direction = 31.8 mts 10. Max length in Y direction = 10.4 mts 11. No. of long conductors = 12 nos 12. No. of short conductors = 33 nos 13. Equivalent Dia of conductors = 0.02257 14. X Section of earth mat = 50 x 8 mm 15. Dia of 3 mtr. Long ground rods = 40 mm 16. Average Spacing = 1 mt. 17. Area of S/W Yard (31.8 * 10.4) + 36 = 366.72 sq.mtr. 18. Total length of strip = 1045.3 mts 19. Resistance of grounding rod = 25.739 Ω 20. Resistance of grid = 1.974 Ω AMPACITY – CALCULATIONS
1. Type of conductors = Mild Steel
2. Ref Temp for material constants = 20°C 3. Thermal coefficient of resistivity αr = 0.0016/°C 4. Fusing temp of conductor = 1510°C 5. Ambient Temp = 40°C 6. Resistivity of conductor at Ref temp = 15.9 uΩ m 7. Thermal capacity / Unit volume Tcap = 3.283 J/Cm3 °C 8. Ko = 605 9. Time duration for sizing of Earth Mat conductor = 3sec 10. Current sizing of Earth Mat Conductor = 26, 452 Amp. 11. Fault Level = 31.5 kA 12. Soil Resistivity = 86.31 Ωm 13. GPR = 52.216 kV 14. Resistance of grid = 1.974 Ω 15. Av. Spacing = 1mtr. 16. Extra Rods for Earthing of Fencing 3mtr x 40mm = 6 Nos. 17. Total Rods = 25 + 6 = 31 Nos. 18. Size of Main Electrodes = 3 mtr. X 40 mm dia 19. Emesh (Actual) = 1493.42 V 20. (Tolerable) = 1294 V 21. Estep (Actual) = 6272.3 V 22. (Tolerable) = 2742.32 V 23. Estep at Fencing (Actual) = 6222.58 V 24. (Tolerable) = 3554.59 V 25. Sustained Earth Fault Current = 785.65 Amp. 26. Fault Level = 31,500 A 27. Duration of shock for determining allowable body current = 0.5 sec 28. Max. Grid current = 26.452 kA
