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Wissen >> Pages in English >> Area Moment of Inertia, Section Modulus & Mass

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Calculator for Cross Section, Mass, Axial & Polar

Area Moment of Inertia and Section Modulus
This online calculator computes the axial and polar area moments of inertia (also known as
second moment of area or second area moment), the section modulus, the outer-fibre distance
and the cross sectional area of many beams. From many surfaces, the torsional moment of
inertia and the torsionial section modulus can also be calculated.
In addition, the mass can be computed, too. Steel, aluminum and different types of wood are
available as material. At the bottom of the page, the formulas for the axial area moment of
inertia and section modulus are listed in a table.
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Calculator for Area Moment of Inertia and Section Modulus

By default, one can calculate the moments, mass and cross section for an I-beam (I100).
 

cross section I/H-section diameter d 12 mm

height H 100 mm height h 6.8 mm

width B 50 mm width b 4.5 mm

material * steel length of beam * 1 m
  
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Calculate     Reset

units:  mm      cm

can be changed later, too

2nd area moment   section modulus

in mm4   in mm3 cross section

Iy   Wy   mm2

Iz mass
  Wz  
kg
It   Wt  

Ip    

outer-fibre distance:

 
* You have to fill in these fields only if the mass should be calculated, too. Only the smallest section
modulus will be calculated!

Explanation of the abbreviations

Dm diameter in mm

Iy, Iz axial area moments of inertia

Wy, Wz section modulus

It torsional moment of inertia

Wt torsional section modulus

polar area moments of inertia: Ip = Iy + Iz

Ip
for circular cross sections: It = Ip
e1-4 outer-fibre distance, see following section
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Outer-fibre distance

The outer-fibre distance is the distance from the neutral fiber to the outer fibre. For homo‐
geneous cross-sections, the neutral fibre always runs through the center of gravity SP of the
surface which lies in the center of the coordinate system. The 4 outer fibres are the furthest
away from the respective coordinate axes.

The sketch shows which lengths denote the four outer-fiber distances e1, e2, e3 and e4.

Therefore the lengths e1 and e2 are the vertical outer-fibre distances and the lengths e3 and e4

are to the horizontal outer-fibre distances.

 

Outer-fibre distance
 

Table of contents

Some Notes for the Use of the calculator (manual)

Background Knowledge and Formulas
Formulas for axial Area Moments of Inertia & Section Modulus
Correlation Section Modulus < > Area Moment of Inertia
Additional Information about the Calculator
Comparison: idealized model and real I-beam I100
Sketches of the available cross sectional areas

Manual

The following cross sectional areas are available, whereby profiles marked by * can have a
clearance hole (bore), too:

circle, with slot too *

pipe / hollow circular
semi-circle
rectangle-section *
rectangle-pipe / hollow rectangular *
I/H-section (I/H-beam) *
U/C-section (U/C-beam) *

T-section (T-beam)
L-section (angle section), isosceles and not isosceles
L-section (isosceles) rotated through 45°
isosceles triangle
hexagon / six-sided figure
octagon / eight-sided figure
 Below you will find sketches of all cross sectional areas. The cross sectional areas must

always be symmetrical to the two coordinate axes.
All white fields have to be completed. Results are displayed on a green background.
Accuracy can not be guaranteed - for corrections or additions please use my contact form!

Background Knowledge and Formulas

In the following table you will find the formulas for the axial area moments of inertia and the
section modulus. Then the mathematical relationship between these two quantities is explained.

Formulas for axial Area Moments of Inertia & Section Modulus

The following relationships apply to all the formulas listed in the table below:
 b3 = B - b

b4 = B - 2·b

h3 = H - h

h4 = H - 2·h

Cross Section Axial Area Moment of Inertia Section M

     

circle-section

     

pipe-section

     

rectangle-section      

         

b4 = B - 2·b          h4 = H - 2·h         (b4 and h4 = inside dimensio

rectangle-pipe
     
 
    

b3 = B - b          h4 = H - 2·h

I/H-section

    

    

C/U-section     

b3 = B - b
  
h4 = H - 2·h   

     

  
  
T-section

b3 = B - b h3 = H - h
     

     

  
L-section   
 b3 = B - b

h3 = H - h

     

  
  

        

  

        

triangle-section
     

  

  

  

semi-circle
     

  

  

hexagon   

  
  

octagon
 

Correlation Section Modulus < > Area Moment of Inertia

The section modulus can be calculated by the following formulas if the area moment of inertia
and the outer-fibre distance are known.

 
The section modulus Wy relative to the y-axis is:

 
The section modulus Wz relative to the z-axis is:

Iy area moment of inertia relative to the y-axis

Iz area moment of inertia relative to the z-axis

e1 lower outer-fibre distance in the z-direction

e2 upper outer-fibre distance in the z-direction

e3 left outer-fibre distance in the y-direction

e4 right outer-fibre distance in the y-direction

 

Outer-fibre distance

If the cross sectional area is not symmetrical to an axis (e1 ≠ e2 and/or e3 ≠ e4), there are two

different section modulus relative to this axis, see figure above. Only the smallest section
modulus will be calculated!

Additional Information about the Calculator

Comparison: idealized model and real I-beam I100

Figure 1: On the left a narrow I-beam I100, on the right the simplified model.


In figure 1 you can see a narrow I-beam I100 on the left, on the right you find a simplified model,
as it used by the calculator.
 
The variations in the calculation arise from the fact that the real I-beam has oblique flange
surfaces and the inner edges are rounded. This can be seen very well in figure 1.
 
All drawings were created by using the free programs FreeCAD and GIMP.
 
The following table compares the calculated values and the real values:
 

Iy Wy Iz Wz A m'
 
in cm4 in cm3 in cm4 in cm3 in mm2 in kg/m

calculated values 172.1 34.4  14.2 5.7 1069 8.40

real values 171 34.2 12.2 4.88 1060 8.34

variations in % 0.64 0.58 16.4 16.8 0.85 0.72

 
As you can see, Iy and Wy, the cross sectional area A and the mass per meter match very well.

The z-values differ slightly more, but are still useful as an estimate.

Sketches of the available cross sectional areas

These 20 profiles can be selected as a cross sectional area on the calculator:

 
 

circle-section

rectangle-section

I/H-section
 

T-section

hexagon/six-sided figure

circle-section with slot

 

rectangle with bore

I/H-section with bore

L-section
 

octagon

circle-section with bore

rectangle-pipe
 

C/U-section

triangle-section

rectangle with bore

 

pipe-section

rectangle-pipe with bore

C/U-section with bore

 

semi-circle

L-section rotated
 

Page created on 04 June 2019. Last change: 16 September 2020.

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