CHEM 113 Final Exam Topics

Fundamentals of Chemistry
Final Lab Exam Review

 General Lab Safety
o When should you have goggles on?
o What special precautions should be taken when working with corrosive
substances like strong acids and bases?
o Why is it unsafe to have food or drink in the lab?
o Buret rules written on the board during the last experiment
 Significant Figures in Calculations
o Addition and Subtraction:
 The result of an addition or subtraction can only have as many decimal
places as the number in the calculation with the least amount of decimal
places (least precise number).
 It is possible to gain or lose significant figures because of this.
o Multiplication and Division:
 The result of a multiplication or division can only have as many
significant figures as the number in the calculation with the least amount
of significant figures.
 Make sure you know the difference between decimal places and
significant figures.
o Scientific Notation
 Be able to convert a number in scientific notation to traditional form and
vice-versa.
 Units of Measurement
Unit Prefix (using length units as an Conversion Factors (using length units
example, but can also be mass, volume, as an example, but can also be mass,
time, etc.) volume, time, etc.)
Megameter (Mm) 1 Mm = 1,000,000 m = 10+6 m
Kilometer (km) 1 km = 1,000 m = 10+3 m
Decameter (Dm) 1 Dm = 10 m = 10+1 m
Meter (m) 1 m (base unit of length)
Decimeter (dm) 1 dm = 0.1 m = 10-1 m
Centimeter (cm) 1 cm = 0.01 m = 10-2 m
Millimeter (mm) 1 mm = 0.001 m = 10-3 m
Micrometer (μm) 1 μm = 0.000001 m = 10-6 m
o Be able to match units with type of measurement

 Volume, density, mass, length, area
 Laboratory Instrumentation and Glassware
o Instrumentation
 Analytical balance is used to measure mass
 Several experiments
 Thermometer measures temperature
 Hot plate heats sample to specific temperature
 Bunsen burner is used as a flame source
 Heat capacity lab
 Ring stand is used to hold glassware in place
 Burets, beakers, separatory funnels, etc.
 Heat capacity lab, caffeine extraction lab, acid/base titration lab
o Glassware
 Beaker is used to obtain and transfer liquids
 All experiments
 Erlenmeyer flask is used to mix chemicals (reaction flask)
 All experiments
 Graduated cylinder is used to accurately measure volume in the cylinder
 All experiments
 Buret is used to accurately measure the volume of a liquid delivered from
the buret
 Acid/base titration lab
 Separatory funnel is used to separate immiscible solvents into distinct
layers
 Caffeine extraction lab
 Volumetric pipette is used to measure precisely one volume with very
high accuracy (the thin glass pipette that is used with an air bulb)
 Acid/base titration lab
 Focus of Specific Experiments
o Density Lab
 Take mass of metal (g) and then submerge the metal in water to calculate a
displacement volume (mL). Calculate density of metal in g/mL
o Caffeine Extraction Lab
 Caffeine is more soluble in dichloromethane than water.
 More caffeine dissolves at higher temperatures.
 Was the dichloromethane layer on top or bottom in the separatory funnel?
Did you collect the dichloromethane layer or aqueous layer? How was the
caffeine finally separated from solution?
o Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) Lab
 Migration distances on TLC plate allow for calculation of Rf values
dis tancetraveled by sample
 Rf =
distance traveled by solvent
 TLC separation works on the basis of differences in polarity.
 Know what polarity means.
 Migration distances and Rf values allow you to compare an unknown
sample to known standard compounds to determine identity of unknown.
o Acid/Base Titration Lab
 Know what pH is a measure of
 Adding acid to water will raise or lower pH?
 Adding base to water will raise or lower pH?
 Know that the buret measures volume delivered into your sample, not the
volume of liquid inside the buret.
 Data Analysis
of experimental measurements
o Average = ∑
number of measurements
o Error = experimental value – true value
o Absolute Error = |experimental value – true value|
 Cannot be negative!
|experimental value−true value|
o Percent Error = ( true value )∗100 %
 Cannot be negative!

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Fundamentals of Chemistry

Final Lab Exam Review

o Be able to match units with type of measurement

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