REVISION OF UNITS 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8

Part 4 Key word transformation

For questions 1–12, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using
the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and six words, including the
word given. Here is an example (0).
0 Staying up studying until 3am was a mistake, because I was too tired to do the exam well.

HADN’T
I __________________________ until 3am, because I was too tired to do the exam well.

The gap can be filled with the words ‘wish I hadn’t stayed up’, so you write:
Example: 0 WISH I HADN’T STAYED UP

Write only the missing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS.

1 I learnt a lot about time management from my ex-boss.
FOR
Had __________________________ my ex-boss, I wouldn’t know so much about time
management.

2 It was impossible not to laugh when the lecturer started talking about the wrong slide.
HELP
I __________________________ when the lecturer started talking about the wrong slide.

3 After all the work I’ve put in, it’s hard not to feel annoyed about Anna getting the
promotion.
GRUDGE
Considering all the work I’ve put in, it’s hard __________________________ for getting the promotion.

4 I can’t believe how quickly you have reached the top position in the company.
RANKS
It’s incredible how fast you __________________________ of the company.

5 John never hesitates when it comes to helping less experienced members of staff.
WILLINGNESS
John always __________________________ less experienced members of staff.

6 I didn’t have enough time, so I made a lot of mistakes in the report.

PRESSED
I wouldn’t have made so many mistakes in the report if I ______________________ time.

7 The police said they had recorded the conversation secretly.

HAVING
The police __________________________________ the conversation secretly.

8 All the pupils were told to write their essays again.

SINGLE
The teacher __________________________________ of the pupils rewrite their essays.
9 I will definitely lose the race to my sister-in-law.
BOUND
My sister-in-law __________________________________ me in the race.

10 Jack’s so annoying, he’s forever arriving late for work.

KEEP
I find Jack so annoying, he __________________________________ up late for work.

11 You should take advantage of all the sports facilities while you’re at university.
MOST
I recommend __________________________________ all the sports facilities while
you’re at university.

12 Many people have criticized the large number of cuts to the budget.
DEAL
The government cuts have come up __________________________________ criticism.

Echolocation

A (0) _________ technique normally used by dolphins to locate objects DETECT

is being adopted by blind people. Through uttering high-pitch clicks

they are able to locate obstacles with remarkable (1) _________ . ACCURATE

The system is based on animal sonar techniques and helps humans

form mental maps of their (2) _________ . When the sound waves hit SURROUND

an object, energy is reflected back to the ear to enable a blind person

to decode its size, (3) _________ of structure and distance. The image DEEP

obtained basically combines these (4) _________ . CHARACTER

Scientific (5) _________ has shown that the process is similar to what EVIDENT

happens with vision in normal- (6) _________ people, who rely on SIGHT

patterns of returning light in order to actually see. In fact, neural

(7) _________ believe that the same parts of the brain used in visual SCIENCE

processing are also being deployed by blind people using this technique.

The World Access for the Blind organization is trying to spread the

technique to help blind people navigate their environment with

increased (8) _________ . EFFICIENT

Tourette’s syndrome

Tourette’s syndrome, a neurological condition which affects 300 000

people in the UK, manifests itself with (0) _________ ‘tics’. These can be VOLUNTEER
anything from blinking, to saying words out of context. One common

(1) _________ is that sufferers simply shout out swear words – this is CONCEIVE

only true for one in ten.

There is currently no known cure, although half of children with TS will

find their tics fade as they reach (2) _________ . ADULT

Treatment is difficult as symptoms can come and go naturally. TS is

sometimes treated with medication, however this can have (3) _________ DESIRE

side effects. There is a growing (4) _________ for non-pharmacological PREFER

treatments such as habit (5) _________ therapy. REVERSE

(6) _________ support is vital for children with TS. Although it doesn’t EDUCATE

affect intelligence, it can be (7) _________ . For example: being told not DISRUPT

to do something by a teacher could lead to a/an (8) _________ CONTROL

compulsion to do it. Try not touching any part of your body for the next

hour – the growing urge to do so is similar to the feeling of someone

with TS trying to control a tic.

Vocabulary
Choose the word (A, B, C or D) which can be used in both sentences, a and b. There is an example at the
beginning (0).
0 a Thirty years ago the ____ of life used to be much slower.
b Our company is finding it hard to keep ____ with the rapid changes in the market.
A speed B pace C step D motion
1 a The species has gradually ____ to its new environment.
b This popular children’s story has been ____ for television.
A led B revised C adapted D converted
2 a A number of employees have been ____ to another branch of the company.
b Large sums of money were ____ to Swiss bank accounts.
A transferred B transformed C relocated D assigned
3 a Recently there has been a ____ in public opinion regarding advertising by the
pharmaceutical industry.
b Media attention has experienced a ____ away from social issues and is now
focused on the economy.
A variation B slip C shift D transfer
4 a Reaching the peak proved to be an impossible ____ .
b We were convinced he would rise to the ____ of swimming right round the island.
A ambition B hurdle C challenge D assignment
5 a The sales launch of our new product was a dismal ____ .
b The complete ____ of the government’s housing policy has led to an increase in
homelessness.
A failure B collapse C disaster D breakdown
6 a You really don’t stand a/an ____ of being offered the job.
b There’s a slim ____ he might just get here in time for the meeting.
A chance B opportunity C likelihood D probability
7 a His first film was a resounding ____ .
b Investment in the Chinese market helped make the company a/an ____ .
A victory B success C triumph D achievement
8 a I’m afraid I can’t tell you, I’m sworn to ____ .
b A veil of ____ surrounds the government’s decisions on whether to close down the
nuclear power plant.
A confidentiality B silence C secrecy D conspiracy
9 a The students voiced their strong ____ over the increase in the fees for all
undergraduate degree courses.
b My parents were unable to hide their ____ of my relationship with an older woman.
A disapproval B criticism C rejection D disagreement
10 a Staff at the hospital have expressed their ____ with the proposals for a longer
working day.
b ____ in the workplace has a negative effect on efficiency.
A annoyance B anxiety C complaint D dissatisfaction

Vocabulary
For sentences 1–15 underline the correct alternative.

1 I’m working too hard. I really need to take/set/make aside more time for myself.
2 In theory, advances in technology should bring/pull/free up more time for leisure.

3 We need to give the employees more flexibility over when they can take/set/leave/
time off for holidays.

4 After all the help I’ve given Susan I was really put out when she gave me the cold
back/eye/shoulder at the conference.

5 We need to keep an ear to the floor/earth/ground so that we pick up on any

consumer complaints.

6 I’m not one to point/direct/place the finger, but I feel the problem lies with the sales
department.

7 I can’t stand the stale fragrance/odour/scent of sour milk.

8 The cake had loads of sugar in it, so it was too sickly/pungent/sour for me, but the
kids loved it.

9 The house had been shut up for a while so the carpets smelt rather
musty/stuffy/bitter.

10 It took me a while to compile/gather/access up the courage to confront my assistant

over the missing funds.

11 We need to congregate/accumulate/draw up a list of all our best customers.

12 My grandmother has an incredible assembly/collection/compilation of antique furniture.

13 When the kids put on their little show they were absolutely priceless/amusing/funny.

14 My daughter is unable/incompetent/incapable of arriving anywhere on time.

15 We are looking for candidates with expertise/aptness/facility in web design.

Vocabulary
Complete the sentences with a word from the box.

dab drifted stuck saw stumbled largely let rocky strain flair
quite slightly caught lost left

1 The exam was _____________ more difficult than I’d expected.

2 That necklace is ____________ exquisite.

3 The country’s revenue comes _______________ from tourism.

4 I was really scared when I got _______________ in the lift for five hours with total
strangers.

5 I remember when I got ______________ behind because I spent too long in the
souvenir shop.

6 Sorry I’m late, but I got ______________ up in a traffic jam.

7 I think some of the funny parts of the film got ______________ in translation.

8 My teenage daughter’s behaviour put a ___________ on our relationship.

9 I wasn’t surprised when Ann and Dave broke up, they’ve always had a
______________ relationship.

10 I hardly ever cook because my husband is such a _____________ hand in the kitchen.

11 Andrew has a ______________ for teamwork and is an excellent communicator.

12 Patients feel they have been _____________ down by doctors and nurses at the
hospital.

13 My sister’s not a very good liar; I _________________ through her story straightaway.

14 I ______________ on some really useful information on the Internet which I can use
in my economics assignment.

15 She lay on the beach listening to the lapping waves and ______________ off to sleep.

Vocabulary
For sentences 1–15, underline the correct alternative.

1 My daughter’s got a/an dislocated/upset/sprained stomach, so she’s off school.

2 I fell over during the tennis tournament and chipped/bruised/blocked my tooth.

3 Anyone who cycles along those winding mountain roads is risking life and
soul/thrills/limb.

4 My teenage daughter behaved so badly last year that I was on the

brink/limit/boundary of a nervous breakdown.

5 I feel absolutely dreadful, I’ve got a blinding/mild/minor headache.

6 Parents are encouraged/insisted/conceded to drop in and help with pupils who have
difficulty with reading.

7 The health minister refused/denied/apologized making the comments reported in

the press.

8 Management have threatened/objected/protested to close down the whole factory.

9 A/an high number/amount/figure of school leavers are deciding not to go to

university due to the increase in fees.

10 There’s a small extra charge/rate/price if you require an early morning wake-up call.

11 If the product is faulty, we give customers a/an full/intact/utter refund as long as they
have a receipt.

12 The local council has done precious/veritably/precisely little to resolve the housing
shortage.

13 Getting a forest fire under control is a daunting/heavy/scared task.

14 All my assistants are expected to overthrow/uphold/undertake a small amount of

research each term.

15 I turned down the offer of a job abroad as it would have entailed

uprooting/overturning/downplaying my family.