Study material on

Multiple Integral
By – Soumya Kanti Hota

Dept. of Mathematics
Debra Thana S. K. S. Mahavidyalaya
Hota Nivas, Mallick Para, Kotebazar
(Opposite of Saha Alankar Bhawan, Kotebazar)

Contact No: 09775576709

Email: [email protected]

Name:
………...……………………………………………………………

College:
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Year: ……………….

Address:
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S. K. Hota Multiple Integral
Debra Thana S. K. S. Mahavidyalaya

Beta Gamma function

The beta function is denoted by   m, n  and defined by   m, n    x m 1 1  x 
1 n 1
dx m, n  0
0

The gamma function is denoted by   n  and defined by   n    e  x x n 1dx
0

Properties:
1)  1  1
1
2)     
2
3)   n  1  n  n 
4)   n  1  n ! where n is a +ve integer
  m   n
5)   m, n  
  m  n
6)   m, n     n, m 
 1  1 1.1 1.1
7)  1,1    1
 1  1 1. 1 1.1
1 1
  
1 1  
8)   ,       
2 2

2 2 1 1 1
  
2 2
  m    n   n  1! m  1!
9)   m, n    if m ,n are +ve integers.
  m  n  m  n  1!

1 1   m   n
10) 2
sin 2 m1  sin 2 n1  d    m, n  
0 2 2  m  n
 m 1   n 1 
 

1  m  1 n  1  1  2   2 
11)  sin  cos  d   
2 m n
,  ; m, n  1
0 2  2 2  2  mn2
 
 2 

Multiple Integral

Introduction: The process of integration for one variable can be extended to the functions of more than
one variable. The generalization of definite integrals is known as multiple integral.
The notation  f  x, y  ds is used to denote the double integral, over the region S, of f  x, y  .
S

The notation  f  x, y, z  dv is used to denote the triple integral over the region V.
V
 x
Ex 1: Evaluate   sin ydydx
0 0

Page 2 of 17
S. K. Hota Multiple Integral
Debra Thana S. K. S. Mahavidyalaya
 x

█We have   sin ydydx     sin ydy  dx
x

0 
 0 
0 0

    cos y 0 dx
x
0

    cos x  cos 0  dx
0
 
=   cos dx   dx
0 0

=  sin x0   x0  

 

log8 log y
Ex 2: Evaluate   e x  y dxdy
1 0
log8 log y log8
 log y e x dx  e y dy
Hints:   1 0
e x  y dxdy  
0  0 
42 y 2

Ex 3: Evaluate 
2

1  4 2 y 2
ydxdy
█
1 1 dxdy
Ex 4: Evaluate  
0 0
1  x2 1  y 2
1 dx 1 dy
Hints:  0
1  x2
0
1 y2
1 1 x2
Ex 5: Evaluate  dx  1  x 2  y 2 dy
0 0
1 x 2
1 y 
1  x 2  y 2 dy    y 1  x 2  y 2  1  x 2  sin 1
1 1 x 2 1
█  dx   dx
0 0 0 2
 1  x2 0

   0  1  x 2  sin 1 1  dx
1 1
2 0
1
 x3   
  1  x  dx   x   
1
2

4 0 4 3 0 6

Note: If the double integral  f  x, y  dxdy exists over a rectangle R: a  x  b; c  y  d  then

R

both the repeated integrals  dx  f  x, y  dy and dy  f  x, y  dx are equal if they exists.

b d d b

a c 
c a

1
Ex 6: Let F  x, y   ,0  x  y 1
y2
1
 , 0  y  x 1
x2
dx  F  x, y dy and
1 1
= 0, otherwise if 0  x, y  1 .Show that the repeated integrals 
0 0

 dy  F  x, y dx   F  x, y dxdy
1 1 1 1
both exists but the double integrals cannot exist.
0 0 0 0
CU’2003

Page 3 of 17
S. K. Hota Multiple Integral
Debra Thana S. K. S. Mahavidyalaya

█  0, 0  is a point of infinite discontinuity of F .

1
 y   1
y
 1 1 dy 1 1
For 0  x  1 ,  F  x, y dy     2 dy   2    2         1   1.
1 x

0 0
 x  x y
 x 0  y  x x x
  dx  F  x, y  dy    1 dx  1.
1 1 1

0 0 0

Again for 0  y  1,
y
 x   1
1
1 1 dx 1 1
F  x, y dx  
1 y
0 0 y 2
dx   2    2         1   1.
y x  y 0  x  y y y
  dy  F  x, y dx   1dy  1
1 1 1

0 0 0

 dx  F  x, y dy   dy  F  x, y dx
1 1 1 1
Hence
0 0 0 0

  F  x, y dxdy
1 1
As the two repeated integrals exist but are unequal, the double integral cannot
0 0
exist.
1 1 x  y  1 1 x  y 
Ex 7: Prove that    dy  dx     dx dy .Is the double
 0  x  y   0  x  y 
2 2
0
 0

x y
integral  dxdy exists over R  0,1;0,1 ?
R  x  y
2

█
x y
Ex 8: Prove that the double integral  dxdy does not exists where R is the region 0,1;0,1
  
3
R x y
█
Ex 9: Show that  ye xy dxdy R : 0  x  a;0  y  b exists and is equal to
R
1 ab
a

e  ab  1 .  CU’1990

█
Change in the order of integration
Ex 10: Assuming that the inversion of order of integration is possible, change the order of the
2
x
integration  1
3
3
dx  2 fdy.
x
CU’1998

1 2
█The y-value for  x  ranges for x 2 to x
3 3
2
Thus  dx  2 fdy becomes  fdxdy
x
3
1 where E is the region
x
3 E
1 2
bounded by x  , y  x 2 , y 2  x and x  . Let the region E be
3 3
divided into three distinct sub-regions E1 , E2 and E3 , where
1 4
E1 is bounded by x  , y  x 2 and y  ,
3 9

Page 4 of 17
S. K. Hota Multiple Integral
Debra Thana S. K. S. Mahavidyalaya

1 4 2 1
E2 is bounded by x  , y  , x  , y 
3 9 3 3
1 2
E3 is bounded by y 2  x, y  ,y
3 3
2 3

1
3
3
dx  2 fdy   fdxdy   fdxdy   fdxdy   fdxdy
x
x

E E1 E2 E3

 y4
   1 2 2
 2

   1 fdx  dy  4   fdx  dy  
1
9 3
1
3
1
3
  fdx  dy
3
y2
 3
9  9   3 3  

Ex 11: Evaluate  x 2

 y 2 dxdy over the region R bounded by
R
xy  1, y  0, y  x, x  2. CU’1999
█The region R is shown in the figure. Let the region R be divided into two disjoints sub-regions R1
and R2 . Where R1 is bounded by y  x, y  0, x  1 and R2 is bounded by y  0, x  1, xy  1, x  2.

  x 2  y 2 dxdy 
R

   x 2
 y2  dxdy    x 2

 y 2 dxdy.
R1 R2

  2 
1

  0 0x  x  y  dy  dx  24
1 1 x 47
 x 2
 y 2
dy dx  2 2
0 0

1 1 x2 dy
 dx 
 
Ex 12: Evaluate by change the order of integration
0 0
1 ey  1  x2  y 2

█The y-values for 0  x  1 ranges for 0 to 1  x 2 . Hence the region of integration is the positive
quadrant of the circle x 2  y 2  1 . Thus by changing the order
1 1 x 2 dy 1 y 2 dx
  dx 
1
  dy 
0 0

1 e y
1 x  y
2 2
 0 0 y

1  e  1  x2  y 2
1 y 2
1 1  1 x 
  sin  dy
0
 
1  e y  1  y 2  0
 1 dy  1 e y 
dy    log  e  y  1 
1
    
2 0 1 e y
2 0 e 1
y
2 0

  1     1  e    2e 
 log 2  log 1     log 2  log     log  
2  e  2   e  2  1 e 

Page 5 of 17
S. K. Hota Multiple Integral
Debra Thana S. K. S. Mahavidyalaya

 e
x y
Ex 13: Evaluate the integral dxdy , when E is the domain which between two squares of sizes
E
2 and 4, with centre at the origin and sides are parallel to the axes.
CU’1992
█Domain E is not quadratic with respect to any axes but the straight lines x  1 and x  1 divide, it
into four quadratic domains, E1 , E2 , E3 , E4 .

 e dxdy   e x  y dxdy   e x  y dxdy   e x  y dxdy   e x  y dxdy

x y

E E1 E2 E3 E4
-1 2 1 2 1 -1 2 2
  e x dx  e y dy   e x dx  e y dy   e x dx  e y dy   e x dx  e y dy
-2 -2 -1 1 -1 -2 1 -2


 e e 1 2
 e 2
e 2
   e  e e
1 1 2
 
e  ee 1
e 1
e 2
  e 2

 e e2  e2 
3 4 1 2 3 1
 e  e 1 e  e  e  e  1 1 e  e  e  e 1 e  e
1 3 2 4 3

   
 e4  e4  e2  e2  e4  e2  e2  e4  e e3  e3  e1 e3  e3  
 e 3
 e3  e  e   2sinh 3  2sinh1  4sinh 3sinh1.
1

ydy
1
1
 1
Ex 14: Prove
0  dx  x
x (1  xy ) (1  y )
2 2

4
1
█The y-values for 0  x  1 ranges for x to .Hence the region E of the given
x
1
integral is bounded by x  0, y  x, y  and x  1. Let the region E be divided into two disjoint sub-
x
regions E1 and E2 , where E1 is bounded by x  0, y  x and y  1 ,
1
E2 is bounded by x  0, y  x, y 
x
1
1 ydy ydxdy
  dx  x  
0 x (1  xy ) (1  y )
2 2
(1  xy)2 (1  y 2 )
E
ydxdy ydxdy
   
E1
(1  xy) (1  y ) E2 (1  xy)2 (1  y 2 )
2 2

1 y   
1
ydx ydx
    dy     y
 dy
 0 (1  xy ) (1  y )   (1  xy ) (1  y ) 
0 2 2 1 0 2 2

1
y
 1 1   1 y
    dy      dy
 (1  xy)(1  y )  0  (1  xy)(1  y )  0
0 2 1 2

Page 6 of 17
S. K. Hota Multiple Integral
Debra Thana S. K. S. Mahavidyalaya

1 1  1   1  1
 1  1  y 2  dy  1 (1  y 2 ) 1  2  dy
0 1 y2
   
2
1 y dy 1  dy
  
0 (1  y )2 2
2 1 1  y2

tan 2  sec2  1  dy
4 d  lim  put y  tan  in the 1st integral
0 sec 4
2  1 1  y 2

1 
  4 sin 2  d  lim  tan 1 y 
0 2  1

1  1  
  4 1  cos 2  d    
2 0 2 2 4 

1 sin 2  4 
   
2 2  0 8

1  1    1 1
        1
2  4 2  8 4 4 4
Ex 15: By changing the order of integration, prove that

 
1
1 y 2 dy
0 x x  y 2 1  y 2  2 2 1 / 2 .
dx x

 
█
Ex 16: By changing the order of integration, prove that
2 ax  x 2 x( x 2  y 2 ) / ( y)
  a 2  (a)   (0) .
2a
0 xdx
4a x  ( x  y )
2 2 2 2 2

█
2a 2 ax
Ex 17: Change the order of integration:  dx  fdy
0 2 ax  x 2
█
Jacobian
  x, y   x, y 
The Jacobian of x, y w.r.t u , v is denoted by or J   or simple J and defined by
  u, v   u, v 
x x
u v
J
y y
u v
  x, y, z   x, y, z 
The Jacobian of x, y, z w.r.t u , v, w is denoted by or J   or simple J and defined by
  u , v, w   u, v, w 
x x x
u v w
y y y
J
u v w
z z z
u v w

Page 7 of 17
S. K. Hota Multiple Integral
Debra Thana S. K. S. Mahavidyalaya

Change of variables
Let us consider the transformation of  f  x, y  dxdy when the variables changed from x, y to u , v by
S

the relation x    u, v  , y    u, v  .
Then  f  x, y  dxdy transformed to  F  u, v  J dudv
S E

Where F  u, v   f   u, v  ,  u, v   and J is the mod value of the Jacobian of x, y w.r.t. u , v .

Similarly, Let us consider the transformation of  f  x, y, z  dxdydz when the variables changed
S

from x, y, z to u , v, w by the relation x    u, v, w , y    u, v, w  , z    u, v, w  .

Then  f  x, y, z  dxdydz transformed to  F  u, v, w J dudvdw
S E

Where F  u, v, w  f   u, v, w ,  u, v, w ,   u, v, w  and J is the mod value of the Jacobian of x, y, z

w.r.t. u , v, w .
over a loop of the lemniscates  x 2  y 2    x 2  y 2   0 .
dxdy

2
Ex 18: Evaluate
1  x  y2 
2
2

CU’2003
dxdy
█Let I   ,
E
(1  x 2
 y 2 2
)
E is one loop of the lemniscates ( x 2  y 2 ) 2  ( x 2  y 2 )  0.
 ( x, y )
Change to polar, x  r cos  , y  r sin  , Then J   r and
 (r , )

E changes to E / where
E / :{ one loop of r 2  cos 2 }

r cos2 r
 I   drd   4
 d 0 dr
/ (1  r ) 
2 2 2 2
 (1 r )
E 4

 cos 2 
 1  1  1 1 
     d   4 1   d
2   (1  r 2 )  0
4

4

4 2  1  cos 2 

1   1  1  1 4  1
  4 1  sec2   d  .2   tan    
2 4  2  2  2 0 4 2

1 1 2
Ex 19: Evaluate  x y (1  x  y) dxdy where  is the triangle
2 3 3


bounded by the lines x  0, y  0, x  y  1 . VU’1998, CU’2001
█Change the variables x, y into u , v such that x  y  u, x  uv
x
 x  uv, y  u (1  v) and u  x  y, v 
x y
. Thus x  0, y  0, x  y  1 transformed into u  0, v  0, u  1, v  1

Page 8 of 17
S. K. Hota Multiple Integral
Debra Thana S. K. S. Mahavidyalaya

i.e., u  0,1; v  0,1; a unit square in (u , v) -plane.

  x, y  v u
J   uv  u  uv  u .
  u, v  1  v u
1 1 2
  x y 1  x  y  3 dxdy
2 3


Where  is the triangle bounded by the lines x  0, y  0, x  y  1
1 1 1 1 2
.   u v u 1  v  3 1  u  3 ududv
2 2 3

Where is the square bounded by the lines u  0, u  1; v  0, v  1 .

1 11 2 1 1 1
 u 6
1  u  3 du  v 1  v  3 dv
2

0 0
1 17 5 1 3 4
1 1
1  u  1  v  3
1 1
 u 6 3 du  v 2 dv
0 0

 17 5   3 4 
  ,   , 
 6 3  2 3

Ex 20: If E be the region bounded by the circle x 2  y 2  2ax  2by  0, evaluate


E
x(2a  x)  y(2b  y)dxdy .

█Let I   x(2a  x)  y(2b  y)dxdy

E

Where E is the circle ( x  a)2  ( y  b)2  a 2  b 2 Change x, y into r ,  by

x  a  r cos  , y  b  r sin  .Then E changes to E where E is the circle r  a  b 2 .
/ / 2 2

( x, y) cos  sin 
J  r
(r , ) r sin  r cos 
 I   x(2a  x)  y(2b  y)dxdy   a 2  b2  r 2 rdrd
E E/
a 2 b2
 a 2  b2 2 2 2  2 1 2 2 2 2
3
  a  b  r rdr   d   .  a  b  r  
2
2
 0  0 2 3 0
1 2 2
3
2 2 3
   (a  b )  2 
2
(a  b )
2 2

3  3

Ex 21: If E be the region bounded by the circle

x 2  y 2  2ax  0, Evaluate


E
4a 2  x 2  y 2 dxdy . CU’1998, VU’2012

█Hints: Let I   4a 2  x 2  y 2 dxdy where E is the region bounded by the circle

E

x  y  2ax  0 . Change to polar x  r cos  , y  r sin  .

2 2

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S. K. Hota Multiple Integral
Debra Thana S. K. S. Mahavidyalaya

 ( x, y )
Then J  r
 (r , )
 I   4a 2  r 2 rdrd , where E / is the region bounded by the
E/
circle r  2a cos

2 a cos
  2  4a 2  r 2 rdrd
 0
2
2 a cos
1  2 3


   2  4a 2  r 2 2 
2 2 3 

d
0
1 2 3 8a3 2

3 2
3

   8a 1  sin  d  
3 2
 
2
 
 1  1  cos    sin   d

4 2 x2 y 2
Ex 22: Show that  ydxdy  3 ab over region bounded by the ellipse 
a 2 b2
1.

█Let I   ydxdy where R is the ellipse

R
2 2
x y
2
 2  1 . Change x, y into r ,  by
a b
x y
 r cos  , r sin  Where
a b
  x, y  a cos  ar sin 
J   abr
  r ,  b sin  br cos 
Then I   br sin  abrdrd
R/

Where R / is bounded by r  1

1
 4ab 2  r 2 dr  2 sin d
0 0
1
r  3 
4
 4ab 2     cos  02  ab 2
 3 0 3
Ex 23: By using the transformation y  x  2u, y  x  2v, show that
yx
1 1
 e dxdy  4  e  e  Where  denotes the triangle with vertices (0,0),(1,0)and (0,1). CU’1998
y x

█Change the variables x, y into u , v such that y  x  2u , y  x  2v.

Page 10 of 17
S. K. Hota Multiple Integral
Debra Thana S. K. S. Mahavidyalaya

( x, y) 1 1
Then x  v  u , y  u  v. J    2  is the triangle with vertices (0,0),(1,0) and (0,1)
  u, v  1 1
i.e.  is the region given by x  y  1, x  0 and y  0.
1
when x  y  1, v  , when x  0, v  u when y  0, u  u.
2
So the triangle  in xy -plane is transformed into the triangle   in uv plane, where   is region
1
given by v  u, v  u, and v  .
2
yx u 1
 v uv  1
  e dxdy   e 2dudv  2    e du  dv  2 2 v  e  e1  dv
y x v 2
v
 
0 0
 
1
v   1  1  1 
2 2
 2  e    e  
 2 0  e  4  e 
1
 v2  2 1 1

 2   e  e 1   e  
4 e
 (proved)
 2 0

yx
1 1
Ex 24: By using the transformation u  x  y and v  x  y show that  e y x
dxdy   e   .

4 e
Where  denotes the triangle with vertices  0, 0  1, 0  and  0,1
VU’1999
█
a 2b 2  b 2 x 2  a 2 y 2
Ex 25: Evaluate 
R a 2b 2  b 2 x 2  a 2 y 2
dxdy the field of integration being R, the positive quadrant

x2 y 2
of the ellipse  1. VU’2010
a 2 b2
█Changing ellipse to circle put x  au , y  bv whereby
  x, y  a 0
J   ab .
  u, v  0 b
Hence the given double integral transformation into
a 2b 2  a 2b 2u 2  a 2 b 2 v 2 1  u 2  v2
 a 2b 2  a 2b 2u 2  a 2b 2 v 2
abdudv  ab 
1  u 2  v2
dudv
R/ R/
/
where R , the new field of integration is given by the positive
quadrant of the circle u 2  v 2  1
Next change to polar coordinates put u  r cos  , v  r sin  whereby
J r
And double integral further changes to
1 r2
ab  rdrd , where R // the positive quadrant of the
R //
1 r 2

circle r  1

Page 11 of 17
S. K. Hota Multiple Integral
Debra Thana S. K. S. Mahavidyalaya


1 r2
1
 ab 2
d   r dr
0 0 1 r2
 2 2  z2
2 1
 ab. zdz put 1  r 2  z 2
z
2
 ab  z 2  z 2
2 z   ab   1      
   sin 1      ab   1
2  2 2 2  2  2 2 4  4  2 
1

 x 2
y 
2
1 x2 y2
Ex 26: Show that  1  2  2  dxdy   ab over the positive quadrant of the ellipse 2  2  1
 a b  8 a b
VU’2011
█
Ex 27: Show that   4a 2  x 2  y 2 dxdy   3  4  a 3 . Taken over the upper
4
9
Half of the circle x  y  2ax  0.
2 2


Hints: Change to polar then r varies from 0 to 2a cos .  Varies from 0 to
2

 {2a  2a( x  y)  ( x 2  y 2 )}dxdy  8 a 4 the region of

2
Ex 28: Prove that
Integration being the circle x 2  y 2  2a( x  y )  2a 2 CU’1991
█
Ex 29: Using the transformation x  y  u, y  uv , show that
y
1 x 1
 e  1 .
1
 dx 
x y
e dy  VU’2007, CU’1992
0 0 2
█The y-values for 0  x  1 ranges for 0 to 1-x
Hence the region of integration is bounded by x  0, y  0 and x  y  1 .
y y
1 1 x
 dx  dy   e
x y x y
Let e dxdy where E is the triangle
0 0
E
bounded by x  0, y  0 and x  y  1 .
Change variables x, y into u , v such that, x  y  u, y  uv or,
  x, y  1  v v
x  1  v  , y  uv and J   u
  u, v  v u
Next E bounded by x  0, y  0 , x  y  1 transforms into E /
bounded by u  0,1; v  0,1 a unit square in the uv -plane.
1
 u2 
y uv
1 1
Then  e dxdy   e J dxdy   ue dudv   udu   e dv     ev 
1
x y u v v

 2 0
0 0 0
E E/ E/

Page 12 of 17
S. K. Hota Multiple Integral
Debra Thana S. K. S. Mahavidyalaya

1
  e  1
2
1 x
Ex 30: Evaluate the integral I   dx  x 2  y 2 dy by transforming polar coordinate
0 0

CU’1996
█

Triple Integral
dxdydz
Ex 31: Evaluate  ( x  y  z  1)
v
3
, where V is the tetrahedron bounded by the

Planes x  0, y  0, z  0, x  y  z  1 CU’2002
█Change the variables x, y, z into u , v, w such that
x  y  z  u, x  y  uv, x  uvw
x y x
 x  uvw, y  uv(1  w), z  u (1  v) and u  x  y  z , v  , w .
x yz x y
Thus x  0, y  0, z  0, x  y  z  1 transformed into
u  0, v  0, w  0, u  1, v  1, w  1 , i.e. u  0,1; v  0,1; w  0,1 ; a unit cube in  u, v, w space.
vw uw uv vw uw uv
( x, y, z )
J  v(1  w) u (1  w) uv x   v u 0 R21  R2  R1
(u, v, w)
1 v u 0 1  v u 0
 uv(uv  u  uv)  u 2v.
dxdydz
 
v
( x  y  z  1)3
u 2v
  dudvdw , where V / is the unit cube in  u, v, w space.
v/
(u  1)3
1 1 1 u2
  dw vdv  du
0 0 0 (u  1)3

1
 v2  1 u 2 1  1
 1   du
 2  0 0 (u  1)
3

1 1 1 1 1 u 
  du   du 
2  0 (u  1) 3 0 (u  1) 2

1 
1
  1  1 u 1 2 
   2
 
2   2(u  1)  0 0 (u  1) 2
du 
 

1  1  1  1 du 1 2 
  1      du 
2  2  4  0 u  1 0 (u  1) 2

1  3  2  
1

    log(u  1)0  
1

2  8  u  1  0 
1 3 
   log 2  1  2
2 8 

Page 13 of 17
S. K. Hota Multiple Integral
Debra Thana S. K. S. Mahavidyalaya

1 5  1
   log 2  5  8log 2  log 28  log e5   log 5
1 1 256
2 8  16 16 16 e
Ex 32: Evaluate  a 2b 2 c 2  b 2 c 2 x 2  c 2 a 2 y 2  a 2b 2 z 2 dxdydz taken throughout the region

x2 y 2 z 2
   1. CU’2001
a 2 b2 c2
█Let I   a 2b 2c 2  b 2c 2 x 2  c 2 a 2 y 2  a 2b 2 z 2 dxdydz
V

x2 y 2 z 2 x2 y 2 z 2
 abc  1    dxdydz , Where V is the ellipsoid   1.
V
a 2 b2 c 2 a 2 b2 c 2
Changing ellipsoid to a sphere put x  au , y  bv, z  cw whereby

a 0 0
  x, y , z 
J  0 b 0  abc
  u , v, w 
0 0 c
Hence the given triple integral transforms into
abc  1  u 2  v 2  w2 abcdudvdw  a 2b2c 2  1  u 2  v 2  w2 dudvdw
V/ V/
Next change to spherical polar coordinates put
u  r sin  cos  , v  r sin  sin  , w  r cos 
  u , v, w 
Whereby J   r 2 sin  and the triple integral further changes to
  r , ,  
a 2b2c 2  1  r 2 r 2 sin  drd d Where V / / is the sphere r  1, 0    2 , 0    
V //

 a 2b 2 c 2  1

r 0
1  r 2 r 2 dr   sin d   d 


0 0
2

 1 1
1  
1
 a 2b 2c 2   1  t  2 t. t dt    cos  0 2 , Put r 2  t .

2
t 0
 2 
3 3
1 1 1
 4 a 2b 2 c 2  t 2 1  t  2 dt
1

2 t 0
3  3 1 1
    .   2 a 2b 2 c 2
 
 2 a 2b 2c 2  ,   2 a 2b 2c 2      2 a 2b 2c 2 2
3 3 2 2 2 
 2 2   3 3  2!_ 4
  
2 2
Ex 33: Using the transformation x  u, y  1  u  v, z  1  u 1  v  w show that
y b 1 z c 1 1  x  y  z  dxdydz ,  a, b, c, d  1 Taken over the tetrahedron
d 1
 x
a 1

  a   b   c    d 
Bounded by the planes x  0, y  0, z  0, x  y  z  1 is
 a  b  c  d 
VU’2000, 09
█Change the variables x, y, z into u , v, w such that x  u, y  1  u  v, z  1  u 1  v  w

Page 14 of 17
S. K. Hota Multiple Integral
Debra Thana S. K. S. Mahavidyalaya

So that 1  x  y  z  1  u  1  u  v  1  u 1  v  w
 1  u 1  v   1  u 1  v  w  1  u 1  v 1  w
Thus x  0, y  0, z  0, x  y  z  1 transformation into
u  0, v  0, w  0, u  1, v  1, w  1 . i.e., u  0,1; v  0,1; w  0,1; a unit cube in
 u, v, w Space
1 0 0
  x, y , z 
J  v 1 v  1  u  1  v 
2
0
  u , v, w 
 1  v  w  1  u  w 1  u 1  v 
  u a 1 1  u  vb 1 1  u  1  v  wc 1 1  u  1  v  1  w  1  u  1  v  dudvdw
b 1 c 1 c 1 d 1 d 1 d 1 2

Where V is the unit cube in uvw space

  u a 1 1  u  du  vb 1 1  v  dv  wc 1 1  w 
1 a  c  d 1 1 c  d 1 1 d 1
dw
0 0 0

  a   b  c  d   b    c  d    c    d 
   a, b  c  d    b, c  d    c, d  
  a  b  c  d   b  c  d   c  d 
  a   b    c    d 

 a  b  c  d 
 
Ex 34: Prove that  x2  y 2  z 2 xyzdxdydz taken throughout the sphere
x 2  y 2  z 2  1 is 0. CU’1984, 91
█
2
Ex 35: Show that  z 2 dxdydz extended over the hemisphere z  0, x 2  y 2  z 2  a 2 is  a5 .
15
CU’1986
█
4 2
Ex 36: Show that   lx  my  nz  dxdydz 
2

15
 
l  m 2  n 2 taken throughout the

sphere x 2  y 2  z 2  1 .
█
dxdydz  3 
Ex 37: Show that  x 2
 y   z  2
2 2
   2  log 3  extended over the sphere x 2  y 2  z 2  1
 2 
VU’2007
█
8
Ex 38: Show that  2 xdxdydz  over the region bounded by the planes x  0, y  0, z  0 and
3
2x  2 y  z  4
2 2 x 42 x 2 y
█  2xdxdydz    
x 0 y 0 z 0
2 xdzdydx
2 x
2 x  4  2 x  2 y  dydx
2
 
x 0 y 0

y  2 x 8
2 x  4  2 x  y  y 2  2 x  2  x  dx 
2
dx  
2

2

x 0 y 0 x 0 3

Page 15 of 17
S. K. Hota Multiple Integral
Debra Thana S. K. S. Mahavidyalaya

Ex 39: Evaluate   2 x  y  dxdydz over the closed region bounded by the cylinder z  4  x 2 and the

planes x  0, y  0, y  2 and z  0

 2 x  y  dzdydx  x0 y 0  2 x  y   4  x 2  dydx

4 x2
█   2 x  y  dxdydz  
2 2
 
2 2

x 0 y 0 z 0

2  2 x  y   4  x 2  dx
2

x 0

8  16 x  2 x  4 x 3  dx
2
 2
x 0

16 80
 16  32   16 
3 3

Ex 40: Find  5x 2 dxdydz over the planes z  0 and z  b and the cylinder x 2  y 2  a 2

█  5x 2 dxdydz

b a a2  y 2

=   
z  0 y  a x  a 2  y 2
5 x 2 dxdydz

b a a2  y2

=4.5   
z 0 y 0 x 0
x 2 dxdydz

b a 3
=20
1 2
z 0 y0 3 a  y2 2
dydz 
0
1
=20 b  a3 sin 3   a sin   d , put y  a cos 
 3
2

 5 1
4 2    4
20a b 20a b  2   2 
=
3 0  sin 4  d =
3 2(3)
31
20a 4b 2 2
  20a 4b 3 5a 4b
= = = 
3  2  2 1 3 16 4
Ex 41: Find  2zdV over the cylinder x 2  y 2  4 and the planes z  0 and z  1

1 2 4 x2 1 2 4 x2 1 2 2
█  2zdxdydz =         2z 4  x dxdz =4  4  x 2 dx
2
2 zdydxdz =4 2 zdydxdz =4
z  0 x 2 y  4  x 2 z 0 x 0 y 0 z 0 x 0 0

Page 16 of 17
S. K. Hota Multiple Integral
Debra Thana S. K. S. Mahavidyalaya

Ex 42: Evaluate  zy 2 dV over the sphere x 2  y 2  z 2 =1above the xy plane and bounded by this
V

plane.
█ We shall use spherical polar coordinates  r , ,   to evaluate this triple integral.
Let x  r sin  cos  , y  r sin  sin  , z  r cos  .
Then dV   dr  rd  r sin  d   r 2 sin  drd d

To cover V the limits of r will be 0 to 1 , those of  will be 0 to and
2
those of  will be 0 to 2 . The triple integral is

1 2

    r cos   r 
2
= 2
sin 2  sin 2  r 2 sin  drd d
r 0 0 0

1 2 2

    r sin 3  cos  sin 2  drd d

5
=
r 0 0 0

2 2
1 2 111 
=   sin 3  cos  sin  d d =  sin  d =
2

6  0  0 234 0
24
111
Ex 43: Evaluate   2 x  2 y  2 z dxdydz over the rectangular parallelepiped 0  x  1 , 0  y  1 , 0  z  1
000

111 11 1
█   2 x  2 y  2 z dxdydz =   2 x  2 y  1dxdy =   2 x  1  1dx =  x 2  2 x  0  3
1

000 00 0

Page 17 of 17