The Concept of Self in Eastern and Western Philosophy: Corrales, John Arden R. Bsed-Major in English 1 Year

CORRALES, JOHN ARDEN R.
BSED-MAJOR IN ENGLISH
1ST YEAR
The Concept of Self in Eastern and Western Philosophy

1. Research on the concept/perception of the self, based on the western and
eastern thoughts.
-----The notions “consciousness”, “self-consciousness”, “personal identity” (personality) and
“self” overlap to a particular extent, but there exist specific differences. The views in Western
and Eastern philosophy are diametrically opposite. In the West, there exists a multitude of
definitions of the “self”, whereas in the East the predominant view is that the self is rather an
illusion. Taking this is in consideration, the issue of the status of the human self requires a new
linguistic-philosophical analysis in the light of both contemporary science and philosophy.
Today, in neurosciences and neuropsychology the material substrate of the self is sought in the
face of the brain. Nonetheless, the use of unclear notions is a linguistic confusion that
undermines this process.
2. Give at least five differences between the Western and the Eastern society,
culture, and individuals. Present it in a tabular form.
WESTERN EASTERN
 Judaism, Christianity, and Islam  Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism,

are some common religions Shenism, Taoism, and Islam are some
practiced in the Western world. common religions practiced in the
 The population in Western Eastern world.
countries is more liberal than  The population in Eastern countries
those in the East. The Westerners is more traditional than people in the
are more open and blunt. For West when we consider their clothing,
example, topics like sex or birth of a rituals, and so on. For example, Indians
child are openly discussed pay respect to their elders or parents by
in Western culture, whereas in the touching their feet. East Asians bow as
East, these topics are still taboo. a gesture of welcoming guests,
 People from the West are more apologizing and expressing thank you.
open to expressing their feelings. If  People in the East are commonly
they are angry, they vent it out. But, inflexible in their beliefs and ideologies.
people in the east may hold it in for They do not easily compromise nor
tact and good manners. question the long practiced customs
 Also, one’s own choice is given and traditions.
preference over the family’s. A  In Eastern countries, elders are
person from the West is more considered as the leaders of the home
flexible and free to make decisions and children often refer their choices to
on his own, unlike those in the them and obey what they say. Important
East. decisions related to the children’s future
 Arranged marriages are not at are normally made by the elders. And,
all common in the West for they when parents grow old, the kids are
believe in love as the basis for likely to take care of them.
marriage.  Arranged marriages are common in
the Eastern countries. They are
normally arranged by the parents of the
couple or other elders. They believe in
the concept that love comes after
marriage.
3. What are the factors that make the Philippines similar or different to
its Asian neighbors?
-----I will focus on the similarities. More specifically, the culture, though I will touch up
on geographical features. For one, a quick look at the Philippines, you can see it has many
of the same features that the rest of its Southeast Asian neighbors have. Teeming
jungles, rice terraces, villages with stilt houses, water buffalos in the fields, limestone islands,
coral reefs, white sand beaches. This is very typical in most Southeast Asian countries.As
for culture, the Philippines does share a lot in common, particularly with its Southeast
Asian neighbors. And I’m saying this knowing the high degree of Hispanicization among
the lowland Christian groups.But overall, the amount of similarities aligns the
Philippines closer to South East Asia if I had to pinpoint a region where the culture
feels closest to.Collectivism is prevalent in all Asian countries.
“How doe the society can change the behavior of an
individual?”
 Human behavior is affected both by genetic inheritance and by experience. The ways
in which people develop are shaped by social experience and circumstances within
the context of their inherited genetic potential. The scientific question is just how
experience and hereditary potential interact in producing human behavior.Each
person is born into a social and cultural setting—family, community, social class,
language, religion—and eventually develops many social connections. The
characteristics of a child's social setting affect how he or she learns to think and
behave, by means of instruction, rewards and punishment, and example. This setting
includes home, school, neighborhood, and also, perhaps, local religious and law
enforcement agencies. Then there are also the child's mostly informal interactions
with friends, other peers, relatives, and the entertainment and news media. How
individuals will respond to all these influences, or even which influence will be the
most potent, tends not to be predictable. There is, however, some substantial
similarity in how individuals respond to the same pattern of influences—that is, to
being raised in the same culture. Furthermore, culturally induced behavior patterns,
such as speech patterns, body language, and forms of humor, become so deeply
imbedded in the human mind that they often operate without the individuals
themselves being fully aware of them.
CONCEPT OF THE SELF ON THE FOLLOWING PHILOSOPHIES AND BELIEFS
1.CONFUCIUS- also known as Kong qui was a Chinese philosopher, Teacher and political
figure. It is commonly recognized that compared with the self in modern western philosophy,the
self in confucianism is a role carrying and intellectual individual, who acts in accordance with li.
That is the Confucian self is, first of all, Ali -follower. The worldly concern of Confucianism rest
upon the belief that human beings are fundamentally good,and teachable, improvable, and
perfectible through personal and communal endeavor,especially self cultivation and self
creation.Confucian thought focuses on the cultivation of virtue in a morally organized world.
2.TAOISM- Advocates the authentic self that is free from legal, social or political restriction.The
most important concept of taoism is(1) the continuity between nature and human beings, or the
interaction between the world and human society:(2)The rhythm of constant flux and
transformation in the universe and the return or reversion of all things to the Dao from which they
emerged:and (3) the worship of ancestor, the cult of heaven, and the devine nature of sovereign.
Taoism thought focuses on genuineness, longevity health, immorality, vatality, wuwei (non-
action), a natural action, a project equilibrium with tao), detachment , refinement (emptiness)
spontaneity, transformation and on nil potentiality.
3.BUDDHISM- Anatta, (Pali,"non-self" or "substance less" ) Sanskrit anatman, In buddhism.

The doctrine that there is in humans no permanent, underlying substance that can be called the
soul. Instead the individuals is compounded of five factors (Pali khandha;Sanskrit skandha) that
are constantly changing the concept of Anatta, or anatman, is a departure from the Hindu belief in
anatman ("the self") The self absence of a self, anicca (the impermanence of all being) and
dukkha("suffering") are the Three characteristics of all existence (tilakkhana) Recognition of these
three doctrines Anatta, anicca and dukkha constitutes" right understanding ") There are four
beliefs in Buddhism the four noble truths comprise the essence of buddhas teaching , through
they leave much left unexplained. They are truth of suffering , the truth of the cause of suffering,
the truth of the end of suffering and the truth of the path that leads to the end of suffering.
4.HINDUISM- Hinduism believe in the doctrines of samsara (the continuous of cycle of life
death and reincarnation) and karma (The universal law of cause and effects) One of the thoughts
of Hinduism is " Atman" or the beliefs in soul. This philosophy holds that living creatures have a
soul, and they are all part of the supreme soul. Hinduism includes a range of philosophies ,and is
linked by shared concepts, recognisable rituals, cosmology, pilgrimage to sacred sites and
shared textual resources that discuss theology , philosophy mythology, Vedic yajna, yoga,
agamic rituals, and temple building among other topics.Hinduism prescribe the eternal duties
such as honesty, retraining from injuring living beings, patience, forbearance, self restrain, virtue
and compassion, among others.
5.CHRISTIANITY- The christian "self" is real in the since that he or she exist through God's,
Grace, he or she expresses himself or herself in the created world of common experience in
psychological terms and moral behavior. They believe in God the father, Jesus Christ is the son
of god , and the holy spirit death, descent into hell, ressurection, and ascension of christ, The
holiness, of the church and communion of saints Christ second coming , The day of judgement
and salvation of the faithful. 6.ISLAM- Based on the Islamic definition of the concept human
being, we define the Islamic self as a structured, self regulated changing psycho spiritual system
reflecting the spiritual experience and accomplishment. And they are believe in Allah , belief in
prophets (of) scriptures:belief in the last day, that there's a judgement there's a here after and an
afterlife :beliefs in angels, et cetera.
6. ISLAM- God is calles Allah(Aramaic alaha deriviation) -An abrahamic monotheistic religion
teaching that there is only ane god and that muhammad is messenger of god. -1.9 billions followers
known as "MUSLIM" "BASIC BELIEFS OF ISLAM" -Monotheism(tawhid)mai message og islam is the
cornerstone of the islamic faith. -Muslim believe that all the prophets sent by god "5 PILLARS OF
MUSLIM" -Declaration of faith(Shahada) -Prayer(Salah) -Almsgiving(Zikat) -Fasting(Sawm)
-Pilgrimage(Hait) -Constitute the basic norms of islamic practice.

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CORRALES, JOHN ARDEN R.

The Concept of Self in Eastern and Western Philosophy

 Judaism, Christianity, and Islam  Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism,

3.BUDDHISM- Anatta, (Pali,"non-self" or "substance less" ) Sanskrit anatman, In buddhism.

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