Muhammad ZainUlAbidin Khan BS Mathematics 2017-2021

BSF1702379 Topology(Dr. Ghous)

Lecture 1
1. Topology studies geometric properties of objects that remain unchanged under

(a)Continuous deformations (b)Discontinuous deformations

(c)Abstract deformations (d)None of these

2. Which one is not a continuous deformation?

(a)Stretching (b)Bending

(c)Tearing (d)Twisting

3. Let X be a non-empty set and ℝ be set of real numbers then d: X × X → ℝ is called

(a)Metric (b)Distance function

(c)Metric Space (d)Both a and b.

4. Which one is incorrect for a distance function d?

(a)d(x, y) ≥ 0 (b)d(x, x) = d(y, y)

(c)d(x, y) = d(y, x) (d)d(x, y) + d(y, z) ≤ d(x, z)

5. For a metric d on a non-empty set X, the metric space is represented as

(a)(X, d) (b)(X, d)→ ℝ

(c)(d, X) (d)(X:X→ d)

6. The space (ℝ𝑛 , 𝑑) is called __________ .

(a)Real metric space (b)n-dimensional Euclidean space

(c)n-dimensional real space (d)None of these.

Lecture 2
1. The set C[a, b] of all real continuous functions defined on [a, b] is a subset of the set of all real
valued ____ defined on [a, b]

(a)Bounded Functions (b)Unbounded Functions

(c)Discontinuous Functions (d)None of these

2. The space C[a, b] for any functions f, g is a metric space under the metric defined by _______
𝑏
(a)𝑑(𝑓, 𝑔) = ∫𝑎 |𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)| 𝑑𝑥 (b)𝑑(𝑓, 𝑔) = sup sup 𝑥 ∈ [𝑎, 𝑏] �|𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)|�
𝑥∈[𝑎,𝑏]

(c)𝑑(𝑓, 𝑔) = inf |𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)| (d)Both a and b

𝑥∈[𝑎,𝑏]

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Muhammad ZainUlAbidin Khan BS Mathematics 2017-2021
BSF1702379 Topology(Dr. Ghous)

1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≠ 𝑦
3. The set X makes a ______ metric space under the metric defined by 𝑑(𝑥, 𝑦) = {
0 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑦
(a)Discrete (b)Bounded

(c)Continuous (d)Both a and b

1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≠ 𝑦
4. The metric 𝑑(𝑥, 𝑦) = { defining a discrete metric space (X, d) is called _______ .
0 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑦
(a)Discrete Metric (b)Trivial Metric

(c)Instant Metric (d)Both a and b

5. Which one represents the triangular inequality?

(a)d(x, y) + d(y, z) ≤ d(x, z) (b)d(x, y) + d(y, z) ≥ d(x, z)

(c)d(x, y) + d(y, z) > d(x, z) (d)d(x, y) + d(y, z) < d(x, z)

Lecture 3
1. The set 𝐵(𝑥0 ; 𝑟) = {𝑥 ∈ 𝑋: 𝑑(𝑥, 𝑥0 ) < 𝑟} with center x0 and radius r is called

(a)Open Ball (b)Close Ball

(c)Open Circle (d)Close Circle

2. The set 𝐵(𝑥0 ; 𝑟) = {𝑥 ∈ 𝑋: 𝑑(𝑥, 𝑥0 ) ≤ 𝑟} with center x0 and radius r is called

(a)Open Ball (b)Close Ball

(c)Open Circle (d)Close Circle

3. The set S(𝑥0 ; 𝑟) = {𝑥 ∈ 𝑋: 𝑑(𝑥, 𝑥0 ) = 𝑟} with center x0 and radius r is called

(a)Ball (b)Sphere

(c)Open Sphere (d)Close Sphere

4. For x, y ∈ ℝ𝑛 , the metric defined by 𝑑0 (𝑥, 𝑦) = sup|𝑥𝑖 − 𝑦𝑖 | is called ______ on ℝ𝑛 .

(a)Euclidean Metric (b)Product Metric

(c)Postman Metric (d)Usual Metric

5. For x, y ∈ ℝ𝑛 , the metric defined by 𝑑1 (𝑥, 𝑦) = ∑𝑛𝑖=1|𝑥𝑖 − 𝑦𝑖 | is called ______ on ℝ𝑛 .

(a)Euclidean Metric (b)Product Metric

(c)Postman Metric (d)Usual Metric

6. For x, y ∈ ℝ𝑛 , the metric defined by 𝑑(𝑥, 𝑦) = √∑𝑛𝑖=1(𝑥𝑖 − 𝑦𝑖 )2 is called ______ on ℝ𝑛 .

(a)Euclidean Metric (b)Product Metric

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Muhammad ZainUlAbidin Khan BS Mathematics 2017-2021
BSF1702379 Topology(Dr. Ghous)

(c)Postman Metric (d)Usual Metric

Lecture 4
1. Which one is called a neighborhood of the point x0 ∈ X in a metric space (X, d)?

(a)An open ball with center x0 (b)A close ball with center x0

(c)An open set containing x0 (d)Both a and b

2. If for A ⊆ (X, d), ∃ an open ball B(x; r) ∀ x ∈ A contained in A , then A is called ________ .

(a)Open Set (b)Open Ball

(c)Open Interval (d)Neighborhood

3. Which one is not an open set?

(a)(a, b) (b)(a, b]

(c)∅ (d)(a, b) U (c, d)

4. If (X, d) is a metric space. Then

(a)∅ is open (b)X is open

(c)X is non-empty (d)All of these

5. In a discrete space (X, d), every subset is _______ .

(a)Open Set (b)Open Ball

(c)Open Interval (d)Neighborhood

6. If A represents an open set and A0 represents the interior of A , then

(a)A ⊆ A0 (b)A ⊇ A0

(c)A = A0 (d)All of these

Lecture 5
1. A point x of A is an interior point of A if for some r > 0, ∃ an open ball B(x; r) such that

(a)x ∈ B(x; r) ⊆ A (b)x ∉ B(x; r) ⊆ A

(c)x ∈ B(x; r) ⊇ A (d)None of these

2. For a singleton set A ⊆ ℝ in real line (ℝ, d), and the interior of A denoted by A0, we have

(a)A0 = A (b)A0 = ∅

(c)A0 ⊂ A (d)None of these

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3. If A is an open interval, then the interior of A is ____ .

(a)Equal to interval A. (b)Empty set (∅)

(c)Subinterval of A (d)None of these

4. The largest open set of any set is its _______ .

(a)Interior (b)Sphere

(c)Union of all open sets (d)Both a and c

5. Which one is not valid in general for the interiors of A and B given by A0 and B0 in (X, d)?

(a)A ⊆ B ➔ A0 ⊆ B0 (b)A0 ∩ B0 = (A ∩ B)0

(c)A0 ∪ B0 = (A ∪ B)0 (d)A0 ∪ B0 ⊆ (A ∪ B)0

Lecture 6
1. Topology is a hybrid word composed of two words i.e. Topos _____ and logy ______ .

(a)Latin; Greek (b)Greek; Latin

(c)Arabic; Greek (d)Greek; French

2. From topological point of view, square and circle are ______ .

(a)Different (b)Same

(c)Irrelated (d)None of these

3. In topology, we mainly care about the following

(a)Arrangement of shapes (b)Deformations between shapes

(c)Measurements (d)Both a and b

4. Another word for topology is ________ .

(a)Geometry (b)Geometry of shapes

(c)Geometry of position (d)Reverse Geometry

5. Topology is more effective in _______.

(a)Qualitative study (b)Quantitative study

(c)Both a and b (d)None of these

6. Which statement is valid for a power set P(X) of a finite set X with n elements?

(a)Also referred as a Class (b)∅ and X ∈ P(X)

(c)|P(X)| = 2n (d)All of these

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BSF1702379 Topology(Dr. Ghous)

7. The elements of τ are called ______.

(a)Subsets (b)Sub-classes

(c)τ -open sets (d)None of these

8. Mark the false statement

(a)⋃{U ∈ τ | U ∈ ∅} = ∅ (b)⋃{U ∈ τ | U ∈ ∅} = X

(c)⋂{U ∈ τ | U ∈ ∅} = X (d)∅, X ∈ τ

Lecture 7
1. How many topologies can be made on a 1-point set?

(a)Exactly 1 (b)Exactly 2

(c)More than 1 (d)None of these

2. How many topologies can be made on a multiple-points set?

(a)Exactly 1 (b)Exactly 2

(c)More than 1 (d)None of these

3. For X = {a, b, c}, τ = {∅, {b}, {a, b}, {b, c}, X} is not a topology because of the absence of _____ .

(a)X (b)Union of some elements

(c)Intersection of some elements (d)∅
4. Let X=ℝ and the class τ contains ∅, ℝ and all open intervals of the form Ia = (a, ∞), then τ is
(a)Always a topology (b)Not a topology
(c)Occasionally a topology (d)None of these
5. Let X=ℝ and the class τ contains ∅, ℝ and all open intervals of the form Aq = (-∞, q) where q ∈ ℚ ,
then τ is
(a)Always a topology (b)Not a topology
(c)Occasionally a topology (d)None of these

Lecture 8
1. The topology of a set containing only ∅ and the set itself is called _______ .
(a)Discrete topology (b)Indiscrete topology
(c)Trivial topology (d)Both b and c
2. The topology of a set equal to the power set of the set is called ________ .
(a)Discrete topology (b)Indiscrete topology

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(c)Trivial topology (d)Both b and c

3. Which one is the smallest possible topology on a set?
(a)Discrete topology (b)Indiscrete topology
(c)Trivial topology (d)Both b and c
4. Which one is the largest possible topology on a set?
(a)Discrete topology (b)Indiscrete topology
(c)Trivial topology (d)Both b and c

5. If X is a set and τ is a topology on X then (X, τ) is called _______ .

(a)τ-Topological space (b)Discrete topological space

(c)Indiscrete topological space (d)None of these

6. A topological space is _______ on the topology.

(a)Dependent (b)Not dependent

(c)Often not based (d)None of these

7. A set X with discrete topology is called ________ .

(a)τ-Topological space (b)Discrete topological space

(c)Indiscrete topological space (d)None of these

8. A set X with indiscrete topology is called ________ .

(a)τ-Topological space (b)Discrete topological space

(c)Indiscrete topological space (d)None of these

Lecture 9

1. Which intersection is used as the 3rd axiom to satisfy a topology?

(a)Finite intersection (b)Arbitrary intersection

(c)Infinite intersection (d)None of these

2. Arbitrary intersection is not used in defining a topology because it ______ to the topology.

(a)Does not belong (b)May or may not belong

(c)Belongs (d)None of these

3. In a topological space (X, τ), the subclasses ∅ and X are ______.

(a)Always open (b)Always closed

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(c)Occasionally open (d)Occasionally closed

4. Closeness and openness are __________ terms.

(a)Relative (b)Absolute

(c)Topology dependent (d)Both a and c

5. A set ______ open and close at the same time.

(a)Can be (b)Cannot be

(c)Is always (d)None of these

6. A subset of a discrete topological space _______ open and close at the same time.

(a)Can be (b)Cannot be

(c)Is always (d)None of these

7. The collection of all closed subsets A of X does not satisfy the condition

(a)∅, X ∈ A (b)A is closed under arbitrary intersection

(c)A is closed under arbitrary union (d)None of these

Lecture 10
1. The intersection of the topologies on a set is _______ .

(a)A topology (b)Not a topology

(c)Occasionally a topology (d)None of these

2. The union of the topologies on a set is _________ .

(a)A topology (b)Not a topology

(c)Occasionally a topology (d)None of these

3. Let a, b ∈ ℝ with usual order relation i.e. a < b then the open interval from a to b is

(a)(a, b) = {x| a< x< b} ⊂ ℝ (b)(a, b) = {x| a≤ x< b} ⊂ ℝ

(c)(a, b) = {x| a< x≤ b} ⊂ ℝ (d)None of these
4. A subset A of ℝ is open iff ∀ a ∈ A ,∃ an open interval Ia such that

(a)a ∈ Ia ⊂ A (b)a ∈ Ia ⊃ A

(c)a ∉ Ia ⊂ A (d)None of these

5. The set of all open sets of ℝ i.e. τu is called ________ .

(a)Usual topology on ℝ (b)Open topology on ℝ

(c)Open component of ℝ (d)Both a and b

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Muhammad ZainUlAbidin Khan BS Mathematics 2017-2021
BSF1702379 Topology(Dr. Ghous)

Lecture 11
1. Which one is the representation of a real plane?

(a)ℝ × ℝ (b)ℝ2

(c)ℝ of ℝ (d)Both a and b

2. Which one is representation of an open disk D(x, y) of radius r centered at origin in ℝ2 ?

(a)D={(x, y)| x2+y2 < r2} (b)D={(x, y)| x2+y2 = r2}

(c)D={(x, y)| x2+y2 ≤ r2} (d)D={(x, y)| x2+y2 > r2}
3. A subset U of ℝ2 is open iff ∀ a=(x, y) ∈ U, ∃ an open disk Da such that
(a)a ∈ Da ⊆ U (b)a ∈ Da ⊂ U
(c)a ∉ Da ⊆ U (d)Both a and b

4. The set of all open sets of ℝ2 i.e. τu is called ________ .

(a)Usual topology on ℝ2 (b)Open topology on ℝ2

(c)Open component of ℝ2 (d)Both a and b

5. Which one represents an open n-ball centered at x in ℝ𝑛 ?

(a)𝑩𝒙 = ൛𝒚: √∑𝒏𝒊=𝟏(𝒙𝒊 − 𝒚𝒊 )𝟐 < 𝒓ൟ (b)𝐵𝑥 = ൛𝑦: √∑𝑛𝑖=1(𝑥𝑖 − 𝑦𝑖 )2 ≤ 𝑟ൟ

(c)𝐵𝑥 = ൛𝑦: √∑𝑛𝑖=1(𝑥𝑖 + 𝑦𝑖 )2 < 𝑟ൟ (d)𝐵𝑥 = ൛𝑦: √∑𝑛𝑖=1(𝑥𝑖 + 𝑦𝑖 )2 ≤ 𝑟ൟ

6. A subset U of ℝn is open iff for every a ∈ U, ∃ an open n-ball Ba such that

(a)a ∈ Ba ⊆ U (b)a ∈ Ba ⊂ U
(c)a ∉ Ba ⊆ U (d)Both a and b
7. Two topologies are comparable iff
(a)One is weaker than other (b)One is finer than other
(c)τ1 ⊄ τ2 and τ2 ⊄ τ2 (d)Both a and b
8. Which comparison of topologies is false?
(a)τ ⊆ τD (b)τInD ⊆ τ
(c)Both a and b (d)None of these
9. The collection T = {τi} of all topologies on X is partially ordered by ________ .
(a)Class exclusion (b)Class Inclusion

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(c)Inclusion-Exclusion Principle (d)Both a and c

Lecture 12
1. For A ⊂ X in (X, τ), the collection 𝜏𝐴 = {𝑉 = 𝑈 ∩ 𝐴|𝑈 𝜖 𝜏} of subsets of A is called ______ .

(a)Subspace topology (b)Topology on A relative to (X, τ)

(c)Subclass topology (d)Both a and b

2. 𝜏𝑍 is ________ on ℤ relative to usual topology 𝜏𝑅 .

(a)Discrete topology (b)Indiscrete topology

(c)Subspace topology (d)Both a and c

3. Let (𝐴, 𝜏𝐴 ) be a subspace of (𝑋, 𝜏), then H⊂ A is relative open to A iff ∃ an open G⊂ X such that

(a)H = G ∩ A (b)H ∩ G = A

(c)H ∩ G ⊆ A (d)H = G ∪ A

4. Let X = ℝ with usual topology and A = ℤ with relative discrete topology such that A⊂ X then

(a){n} ⊂ ℤ are open (b){n} ⊆ ℤ are open

(c){n} ⊃ ℤ are open (d){n} - ℤ are open

5. Let X = ℝ with usual topology and A = ℤ then ∀ x ∈ ℤ, ∃ U ∈ 𝜏𝑅 such that

(a){x} = U ∩ ℤ (b){x} = U ∪ ℤ
(c){x} ⊂ U ∩ ℤ (d){x} ⊆ U ∩ ℤ

Lecture 13
1. Let (X, τ) be a topological space and A⊂ X, then x ∈ X is a limit pt. of A, iff ∀𝑈𝑥 ∈ 𝜏, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑈𝑥 , we’ve

(a)A ∩ (Ux\{x}) ≠ ∅ (b)A ∩ (Ux\{x}) = ∅

(c)A ∪ (Ux\{x}) ≠ ∅ (d)A ∪ (Ux\{x}) = ∅
2. Which name is used for a limit point?

(a)Accumulation point (b)Derived point

(c)Extreme point (d)Both a and b

3. Let X = {a, b, c, d, e}, τ = {∅, {a}, {c, d}, {a, c, d}, {b, c, d, e},X} and A = {a, b, c} then limit
points of A are ______ .

(a)a, b, c, d, e (b)b, d, e

(c)a, b, d, e (d)b, c

4. Let X = ℝ with usual topology and A = (0, 3) then ____ are the valid limit points of A.

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BSF1702379 Topology(Dr. Ghous)

(a)7 (b)1.5, 3

(c)1.5, 7 (d)3, 7
1
5. Let X = ℝ with usual topology and 𝐵 = {𝑛 | 𝑛 ∈ ℕ∗ } , then the only limit point of set B is ____.

(a)0 (b)∞

(c)-∞ (d)1

Lecture 14
1. Derived set of A ______ subset of A.

(a)Is always (b)Is never

(c)May or maybe not (d)None of these

2. Derived set of empty set is ______ .

(a)Empty (b)Not empty

(c)Maybe empty (d)Real space

3. Let X = {a, b, c, d, e}, τ = {∅, {a}, {c, d}, {a, c, d}, {b, c, d, e},X} and A = {a, b, c} then derived set
of A i.e. A’ is _____ .
(a){a, b, c, d, e} (b){b, d, e}

(c){a, b, d, e} (d){b, c}
1
4. Let X = ℝ with usual topology and 𝐵 = { | 𝑛 ∈ ℕ∗ } , then the derived set B’ = ____.
𝑛

(a){0} (b){∞}

(c){-∞} (d){1}

5. Let X = ℝ with usual topology and A = ℚ , then the derived set A’ = ____ .

(a)ℚ (b)ℚ’

(c)ℝ (d)∅

6. In a discrete space X, the derived set A’ of any subset A is _____.

(a)Always Empty (b)Maybe empty

(c)Always X (d)Ac

7. In case of indiscrete space X, the derived set A’ of a subset A can be _____ depending on A.

(a)A’ = ∅ (b)A’ = Ac

(c)A’ = X (d)All of these

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BSF1702379 Topology(Dr. Ghous)

Lecture 15
1. A subset A of a topological space X is closed iff ________ .

(a)Ac is open (b)Ac is closed

(c)Ac is empty (d)None of these

2. A subset A of a topological space X is closed iff ________ .

(a)A’ ⊂ A (b)A’ ∈ A

(c)A’ ⊃ A (d)Both a and b

3. In a discrete space X, any subset A of X is _____.

(a)Closed (b)May or maybe not closed

(c)Empty (d)None of these

4. Let X = {a, b, c, d}, τ = {∅, {a}, {a, c},{a, b, d},X} then the subset A = {b, d} is _______ .

(a)Closed (b)Open
(c)Empty (d)Both a and c
1 1 1
5. Consider ℝ with usual topology, then a subset 𝐴 = {1, , , , …} is _______ .
2 3 4

(a)Closed (b)Open
(c)Empty (d)Both a and c

Lecture 16
1. A set A is a subset of a set B i.e. A ⊂ B iff _____ .

(a)Bc⊂ Ac (b)Ac⊂ Bc

(c)Ac ∉ Bc (d)None of these

2. (𝑈𝑥 ∩ 𝐴) = ∅ implies that

(a)𝑼𝒙 ⊂ 𝑨𝑪 (b)𝑈𝑥 ⊂ 𝐴

(c)𝑈𝑥 ∉ 𝐴𝐶 (d)𝑈𝑥 = 𝐴

3. A subset A of a topological space X is open iff ∀ x ∈ A ∃ Ux (open set containing x) such that

(a)𝑈𝑥 ⊂ 𝐴𝐶 (b)𝑼𝒙 ⊂ 𝑨

(c)𝑈𝑥 ∉ 𝐴𝐶 (d)𝑈𝑥 = 𝐴

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4. Let X = {a, b, c, d}, τ = {∅, {a}, {a, c},{a, b, d},X} then mark the open set of the following:

(a)A = { a, b, d} (b)B = {c, d}

(c)C = {a, d} (d)D = {a, c, d}

5. Consider ℝ2 with usual topology and 𝐴 = {(𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ ℝ2 |𝑥 = 𝑦}. Then the set A is _____ .

(a)Open (b)Not open

(c)Empty (d)None of these

6. Consider ℝ2 with usual topology and B= {(𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ ℝ2 |1 < 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 < 4}. Then the set B is ____ .

(a)Open (b)Not open

(c)Empty (d)None of these

Lecture 17
1. If the class of all closed subsets of X containing A is 𝒞𝐴 , then the closure of A denoted as A̅ is ___ .
ഥ = ⋂𝑪∈𝓒 𝑪
(a)𝑨 𝑨
(b)𝐴̅ = ⋃𝐶∈𝒞𝒜 𝐶 

(c)𝐴̅ ∈ ⋂𝐶∈𝒞𝐴 𝐶 (d)None of these

2. Let C = {X, {c, d, e},{a, b, e}, {e}, {a}, ∅} be closed collection of X = {a, b, c, d, e}, and A = {c}
then A̅ = ______ .
(a){c, d, e} (b){a, b, e}
(c)X (d)∅
3. Let A̅ be the closure of A, then

(a)A ⊂ A̅ (b)A̅ is smallest closed superset of A

(c)A ⊃ A̅ (d)Both a and b

4. The closure of an empty set is _____.

(a)Always empty (b)Maybe empty

(c)Not empty (d)X

5. If A is a subset of a topological space X, A̅ is closure and A’ is derived set of A, then

(a)A̅ = A ∪ A’ (b)A̅ = A ∩ A’

(c)A̅ ∪ A = A’ (d)A̅ ∩ A = A’

6. For X = ℝ with usual topology and A = (0, 2], the closure of A i.e. A̅ = ____.

(a){0, 2} (b)(0, 2)

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BSF1702379 Topology(Dr. Ghous)

(c)[0, 2] (d)(0, 2]

7. Let A̅ be the closure of A such that A ⊂ X (X being a topological space), then

(a)A̅ is closed subset of X. (b)A̅ is closed iff A̅ = A

̅̅̅̅̅
(c)(Aഥ ) = A̅ (d)All of these

8. For A, B ⊂ X, if A ⊂ B then

(a)A̅ ⊂ B̅ (b)A̅ ⊃ B̅

(c)A̅ ⊆ B (d)A ⊇ B̅

9. Let X be a topological space and A, B ⊂ X, then

̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
(a)(𝑨 ∪ 𝑩) = A̅ ∪ B̅ ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
(b)(A ∪ B) = A̅ ∩ B̅
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
(c)(A ∪ B) ∉ A̅ ∪ B̅ ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
(d)(A ∪ B) = ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
(A ∩ B)

10. A subset A of a topological space X is said to be dense iff _____.

(a)A̅ = X (b)A̅ = ∅

(c)A ∪ A’ = X (d)Both a and c

11. Let X = ℝ with usual topology and consider ℚ ⊂ ℝ then

(a)ℚ is dense in ℝ ഥ =ℝ
(b)ℚ

(c)Both a and b (d)None of these

Lecture 18
1 1 1
1. Consider ℝ with usual topology and consider the sequence { } = {1, , , … } then
𝑛 2 3

1 1
(a)Limit pt. of {𝑛} = 0 (b){𝑛} → 0

(c)Both a and b (d)None of these

2. Let X be an indiscrete space and {xn} ⊂ X be a sequence. If a point y ∈ X, then

(a)X contains all terms of {xn} (b)Only X contains y

(c)𝑥𝑛 → 𝑦 (d)All of these

3. In a discrete space X any sequence in X converges to

(a)0 (b)1

(c)Any point in X (d)None of these

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Muhammad ZainUlAbidin Khan BS Mathematics 2017-2021
BSF1702379 Topology(Dr. Ghous)

4. Let (ℝ, d) be the usual topology and {xn} = {1, 1, 1, … } in ℝ, then

(a){𝑥𝑛 } → 1 (b){𝑥𝑛 } is divergent

(c){𝑥𝑛 } is a constant sequence (d)Both a and c.
5. Let (ℝ, d) be the usual topology and {xn} = {1, 2, 3, 4, … } in ℝ, then

(a){𝑥𝑛 } → 1 (b){𝒙𝒏 } 𝐢𝐬 𝐝𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭

(c){𝑥𝑛 } is a constant sequence (d)Both a and c.

Lecture 19
1. Let A ⊂ (X, τ). A point a ∈ A is an interior point of A iff ∃ Ua(open set containing a) such that
(a)𝑼𝒂 ⊂ 𝑨 (b)𝑈𝑎 = 𝐴
(c)𝑈𝑎 ∉ 𝐴 (d)None of these
2. Let X = {a, b, c, d} and τ = {∅, {a}, {a, b}, {a, c, d}, X}. Consider A = {a, c} then
(a)a is an interior point of A (b)c is an interior point of A
(c)a, c, are interior points of A (d)None of these
3. Let X = ℝ with usual topology and A = [0, 1) then ____ are the interior points of A.
(a)0.2, 0.3 (b)0, 1
(c)0, 1.1 (d)[0, 1]
4. Let (X, τ) be a topological space and A ⊂ X. Then interior of A i.e. A° = ________.
(a){𝑎 ∈ 𝐴|∃ 𝑈𝑎 ∈ 𝜏, 𝑎 ∈ 𝑈𝑎 ⊂ 𝐴} (b){𝑎 ∈ 𝐴|∃ 𝑈𝑎 ∈ 𝜏, 𝑎 ∈ 𝑈𝑎 ∉ 𝐴}
(c)Set of all interior points of A (d)Both a and c
5. Let X = {a, b, c, d} and τ = {∅, {a}, {a, b}, {a, c, d}, X}. Consider A = {a, b, c} then A° = ____.
(a){a, b} (b){a, b, c}
(c){a, b, d} (d){a, c}

6. Consider ℝ2 with usual topology and A = {(x, y) |x = y} then A° = ______ .

(a)∅ (b)A
(c)AC (d)None of these

7. Let A ⊂ X, then A is open in X iff

(a)A = A° (b)A ⊂ A°
(c)A ⊃ A° (d)AC = A°

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Muhammad ZainUlAbidin Khan BS Mathematics 2017-2021
BSF1702379 Topology(Dr. Ghous)

Lecture 20
1. Let A ⊂ (X, τ). A point a ∈ AC is an exterior point of A iff ∃ Ua(open set containing a) such that

(a)𝑼𝒂 ⊂ 𝑨𝑪 (b)𝑈𝑎 = 𝐴𝐶

(c)𝑈𝑎 ∉ 𝐴𝐶 (d)None of these

2. If A ⊂ (X, τ) and AC be its complement then interior of AC is denoted by _____ .
(a)Ext(A) (b)Int(AC)
(c)(AC)° (d)All of these
3. Let (X, τ) be a topological space and A ⊂ X. Then exterior of A i.e. (AC)° = ________.

(a){𝑎 ∈ 𝐴𝐶 |∃ 𝑈𝑎 ∈ 𝜏, 𝑎 ∈ 𝑈𝑎 ⊂ 𝐴𝐶 } (b){𝑎 ∈ 𝐴𝐶 |∃ 𝑈𝑎 ∈ 𝜏, 𝑎 ∈ 𝑈𝑎 ∉ 𝐴𝐶 }
(c)Set of all exterior points of A (d)Both a and c
4. Let X = ℝ with usual topology and ℚ ⊂ ℝ then Ext (ℚ) = ______ .
(a)ℚ (b)ℚ’
(c)∅ (d)ℝ
5. Let (X, τ) be a topological space and A⊂ X then a point x ∈ X is a boundary pt. of A iff ∀ Ux, we’ve
(a)𝑼𝒙 ∩ 𝑨 ≠ ∅ 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑼𝒙 ∪ 𝑨 ≠ ∅ (b) 𝑈𝑥 ∩ 𝐴 ≠ ∅ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑈𝑥 ∪ 𝐴 = ∅
(c) 𝑈𝑥 ∩ 𝐴 = ∅ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑈𝑥 ∪ 𝐴 ≠ ∅ (d) 𝑈𝑥 ∩ 𝐴 = ∅ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑈𝑥 ∪ 𝐴 = ∅
6. Another name for boundary point is _______ .
(a)frontier point (b)continuity point
(c)divergence point (d)Both a and b
7. The boundary of a set A ⊂ X denoted by bd(A) contains all boundary points of A such that
𝑪
(a)𝒃𝒅(𝑨) = ൫𝑨° ∪ 𝑬𝒙𝒕(𝑨)൯ (b) 𝑏𝑑(𝐴) = ൫𝐴° ∪ 𝐸𝑥𝑡(𝐴)൯
𝐶
(c) 𝑏𝑑(𝐴) = ൫𝐴° ∩ 𝐸𝑥𝑡(𝐴)൯ (d) 𝑏𝑑(𝐴) = ൫𝐴° ∩ 𝐸𝑥𝑡(𝐴)൯

8. The boundary of a set A is empty iff A is ______.

(a)Open (b)Close
(c)Empty (d)Both open and close

Lecture 21
1. Every element of τ can be written as a union of elements of β if β is ______

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Muhammad ZainUlAbidin Khan BS Mathematics 2017-2021
BSF1702379 Topology(Dr. Ghous)

(a)Basis for τ in X (b)Boundary of X

(c)Interior of X (d)Closure of X
2. Let β be a basis for τ on X, then every superclass β* of open subsets of X is ______.
(a)Basis for τ in X (b)Boundary of X
(c)Interior of X (d)Closure of X
3. Is β = {{a}, {b}, {c, d}} a basis for τ = {∅, {a}, {b}, {a, b}, X} ?
(a)Yes (b)No
(c)Partially (d)Undecided
4. Consider indiscrete space i.e. a non-empty set X with τ = {∅, X}. then the basis for τ is β = ____.
(a){X} (b)∅
(c){XC} (d)None of these
5. The basis β of a set X generates a discrete topology on X, if it contains all elements as ______.
(a)Singletons (b)Sets with 2 elements
(c)Sets with 3 elements (d)The set X
6. Consider usual topology 𝜏𝑢 on ℝ then usual basis 𝛽𝑢 for 𝜏𝑢 is _______.
(a)set of all open intervals (b)set of all closed intervals
(c)set of all singletons (d){X}

7. Consider usual topology 𝜏𝑢 on ℝ2 , then usual basis 𝛽𝑢 for 𝜏𝑢 is _______.

(a)Set of all open disks (b)Set of all open triangles
(c)Set of all open squares (d)All of these
8. Consider usual topology 𝜏𝑢 on ℝ𝑛 , then usual basis 𝛽𝑢 for 𝜏𝑢 is _______.
(a)Set of all n-balls (b)Set of all spheres

(c)Set of all pentagons (d)All of these

Lecture 22
1. The basis Bℓ for lower limit topology on ℝ i.e. ℝℓ is given by the set ______.

(a){[a, b) | a, b ∈ ℝ } (b){(a, b] | a, b ∈ ℝ }
(c){[a, b] | a, b ∈ ℝ } (d){(a, b) | a, b ∈ ℝ } ∪ {(a, b)\K | a, b ∈ ℝ }

2. The basis BUP for upper limit topology on ℝ i.e. ℝUP is given by the set ______.

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Muhammad ZainUlAbidin Khan BS Mathematics 2017-2021
BSF1702379 Topology(Dr. Ghous)

(a){[a, b) | a, b ∈ ℝ } (b){(a, b] | a, b ∈ ℝ }
(c){[a, b] | a, b ∈ ℝ } (d){(a, b) | a, b ∈ ℝ } ∪ {(a, b)\K | a, b ∈ ℝ }
1 1
3. Let K = {1, 2 , 3 , … } then the basis Bk for K-topology on ℝ i.e. ℝk is given by the set ______.

(a){[a, b) | a, b ∈ ℝ } (b){(a, b] | a, b ∈ ℝ }
(c){[a, b] | a, b ∈ ℝ } (d){(a, b) | a, b ∈ ℝ } ∪ {(a, b)\K | a, b ∈ ℝ }
4. Let Τ𝐴 = {𝑉 = 𝑈 ∩ 𝐴|𝑈 ∈ Τ} be subspace topology of A relative to (X, Τ), then basis BA = ______.
(a){𝑩𝑨 = 𝑩 ∩ 𝑨|𝑩 ∈ 𝜷} (b){𝐵𝐴 = 𝐵 ∪ 𝐴|𝐵 ∈ 𝛽}
(c){𝐵𝐴 ⊂ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐴|𝐵 ∈ 𝛽} (d)Both a and c
5. If β = {{a} , {b} , {a, c, d} } is basis for Τ on (X, Τ) then for the subset A={a, b, c} , BA = ________.
(a) {{a} , {b} , {a, c, d} } (b) {{a} , {b} , {a, c} }

(c) {{a} , {b} , {a, b} , {a, c, d} } (d)None of these

Lecture 23
1. For (X, Τ) with basis β, a sub-collection S⊂ Τ is called a sub-basis for Τ iff ∀B ∈ β each B can be
written as ________ of elements of S.
(a)Closed subsets (b)Open subsets
(c)Arbitrary union (d)Finite intersection
2. Any class A of subsets of a nonempty set X is ________ for a unique topology Τ on X.
(a)Basis (b)Interior
(c)Derived Set (d)Exterior
3. β = {∅, {n} , [𝑛, 𝑛 + 1] ,ℝ| n∈ ℝ } is a basis for _________ on ℝ.
(a)Discrete topology (b)Indiscrete topology
(c)Subspace topology (d)All of these
4. Let 𝒮 be the sub-basis for τ, then a sub-basis for τA on A(where A⊂ X) i.e. 𝒮A = ________ .
(a){S ∩ A|S ∈ 𝒮} (b){S ∪ A|S ∈ 𝒮}
(c){S ∩ A|S ⊃ 𝒮} (d){S ∩ A|S = 𝒮}

5. If τ1 and τ2 are 2 topologies on a set X, then the union τ1 ∪ τ2 is _______.

(a)Always a topology (b)May or maybe not a topology

(c)Basis for τ3 on X (d)Both b and c

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Muhammad ZainUlAbidin Khan BS Mathematics 2017-2021
BSF1702379 Topology(Dr. Ghous)

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