8086 - Instruction Set

INSTRUCTION SET
in
8086 Microprocessor
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
8086 supports 6 types of instructions.
1. Data Transfer Instructions
2. Arithmetic Instructions
3. Logical Instructions
4. String Manipulation Instructions
5. Process Control Instructions
6. Control Transfer Instructions
2
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
 Instructions that are used to transfer data/address in to

registers, memory locations, and I/O ports.
 Generally involve two operands: Source operand and

Destination operand of the same size.
 Source: Register or a memory location or an immediate

data
 Destination: Register or a memory location.
 The size should be a either a byte or a word.
 A 8-bit data can only be moved to 8-bit register/memory

and a 16-bit data can be moved to 16-bit
register/memory.
3
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
Mnemonics: MOV, XCHG, PUSH, POP, IN, OUT …
MOV reg2/ mem, reg1/ mem
MOV reg2, reg1 (reg2)  (reg1)

MOV mem, reg1 (mem)  (reg1)
MOV reg2, mem (reg2)  (mem)
MOV reg/ mem, data
MOV reg, data (reg)  data

MOV mem, data (mem)  data
XCHG reg2/ mem, reg1
XCHG reg2, reg1 (reg2)  (reg1)

XCHG mem, reg1 (mem)  (reg1)
4
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
‫ دو طرفه بین خانه هایی از حافظه به آدرس های‬Exchange ‫ زیربرنامه‬:1 ‫مثال‬

.OPR2 ‫ و‬OPR1
:‫روش اول‬
MOV AL, [OPR1]

MOV BL, [OPR2]
MOV [OPR1], BL
MOV [OPR2], AL
:‫روش دوم‬
MOV AL, [OPR1]

XCHG AL, [OPR2]
MOV [OPR1], AL
5
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
PUSH reg16/ mem
PUSH reg16 (SP)  (SP) – 2

MA S = (SS) x 1610 + SP
(MA S ; MA S + 1)  (reg16)
PUSH mem (SP)  (SP) – 2

MA S = (SS) x 1610 + SP
(MA S ; MA S + 1)  (mem)
POP reg16/ mem
POP reg16 MA S = (SS) x 1610 + SP

(reg16)  (MA S ; MA S + 1)
(SP)  (SP) + 2
POP mem MA S = (SS) x 1610 + SP

(mem)  (MA S ; MA S + 1)
(SP)  (SP) + 2
6
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
IN A, [DX] OUT [DX], A
IN AL, [DX] PORTaddr = (DX) OUT [DX], AL PORTaddr = (DX)

(AL)  (PORT) (PORT)  (AL)
IN AX, [DX] PORTaddr = (DX) OUT [DX], AX PORTaddr = (DX)

(AX)  (PORT) (PORT)  (AX)
IN A, addr8 OUT addr8, A
IN AL, addr8 (AL)  (addr8) OUT addr8, AL (addr8)  (AL)
IN AX, addr8 (AX)  (addr8) OUT addr8, AX (addr8)  (AX)
7
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
‫ به‬Data_In ‫ بایت داده از بلوک مبدا به آدرس شروع‬6 ‫ زیربرنامه انتقال‬:2 ‫مثال‬
. Copy ‫بلوک مقصد به آدرس شروع‬
MOV SI, Offset Data_In

MOV DI, Offset Copy
MOV CX, 6
Again: MOV AL, [SI]

MOV [DI], AL
INC SI
INC DI
DEC CX
JNZ Again
8
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
Mnemonics: ADD, ADC, SUB, SBB, INC, DEC, MUL, DIV, CMP…
ADD reg2/ mem, reg1/mem
ADD reg2, reg1 (reg2)  (reg1) + (reg2)

ADD reg2, mem (reg2)  (reg2) + (mem)
ADD mem, reg1 (mem)  (mem)+(reg1)
ADD reg/mem, data
ADD reg, data (reg)  (reg)+ data

ADD mem, data (mem)  (mem)+data
ADD A, data
ADD AL, data8 (AL)  (AL) + data8

ADD AX, data16 (AX)  (AX) +data16
9
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
‫ و نیز‬DATA2 ‫ و‬DATA1 ‫ زیربرنامه جمع دو خانه از حافظه به آدرس های‬:3 ‫مثال‬

.SUM ‫ذخیره سازی در خانه ای از حافظه به آدرس‬
:‫روش اول‬
MOV AL, [DATA1]

MOV BL, [DATA2]
ADD AL,BL
MOV [SUM], AL
:‫روش دوم‬
MOV AL, [DATA1]

ADD AL, [DATA2]
MOV [SUM], AL
10
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
ADC reg2/ mem, reg1/mem
ADC reg2, reg1 (reg2)  (reg1) + (reg2)+CF

ADC reg2, mem (reg2)  (reg2) + (mem)+CF
ADC mem, reg1 (mem)  (mem)+(reg1)+CF
ADC reg/mem, data
ADC reg, data (reg)  (reg)+ data+CF

ADC mem, data (mem)  (mem)+data+CF
ADDC A, data
ADD AL, data8 (AL)  (AL) + data8+CF

ADD AX, data16 (AX)  (AX) +data16+CF
11
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
. Data_In ‫ بایت داده موجود در حافظه به آدرس شروع‬5 ‫ زیربرنامه جمع‬:4 ‫مثال‬
MOV SI, Offset Data_In

MOV AL, 0
MOV CX, 5
Again: ADD AL, [SI]

INC SI
DEC CX
JNZ Again
MOV [SUM], AL
12
‫‪8086 Microprocessor‬‬
‫‪Instruction Set‬‬
‫مثال ‪ :5‬زیربرنامه جمع دو عملوند ‪ 32‬بیتی موجود در خانه هایی از حافظه به‬
‫آدرس های شروع ‪ OPR1‬و ‪ OPR2‬و نیز ذخیره سازی در خانه هایی از حافظه به‬
‫آدرس شروع ‪.SUM‬‬
‫]‪MOV AX, [OPR1‬‬

‫]‪ADD AX, [OPR2‬‬
‫‪MOV [SUM], AX‬‬
‫]‪MOV AX, [OPR1+2‬‬

‫]‪ADC AX, [OPR2+2‬‬
‫‪MOV [SUM+2], AX‬‬
‫‪13‬‬
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
SUB reg2/ mem, reg1/mem
SUB reg2, reg1 (reg2)  (reg1) - (reg2)

SUB reg2, mem (reg2)  (reg2) - (mem)
SUB mem, reg1 (mem)  (mem) - (reg1)
SUB reg/mem, data
SUB reg, data (reg)  (reg) - data

SUB mem, data (mem)  (mem) - data
SUB A, data
SUB AL, data8 (AL)  (AL) - data8

SUB AX, data16 (AX)  (AX) - data16
14
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
SBB reg2/ mem, reg1/mem
SBB reg2, reg1 (reg2)  (reg1) - (reg2) - CF

SBB reg2, mem (reg2)  (reg2) - (mem)- CF
SBB mem, reg1 (mem)  (mem) - (reg1) –CF
SBB reg/mem, data
SBB reg, data (reg)  (reg) – data - CF

SBB mem, data (mem)  (mem) - data - CF
SBB A, data
SBB AL, data8 (AL)  (AL) - data8 - CF

SBB AX, data16 (AX)  (AX) - data16 - CF
15
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
INC reg/ mem
INC reg8 (reg8)  (reg8) + 1
INC reg16 (reg16)  (reg16) + 1
INC mem (mem)  (mem) + 1
DEC reg/ mem
DEC reg8 (reg8)  (reg8) - 1
DEC reg16 (reg16)  (reg16) - 1
DEC mem (mem)  (mem) - 1
16
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
MUL reg/ mem
MUL reg For byte : (AX)  (AL) x (reg8)

For word : (DX)(AX)  (AX) x (reg16)
MUL mem For byte : (AX)  (AL) x (mem8)

For word : (DX)(AX)  (AX) x (mem16)
IMUL reg/ mem
IMUL reg For byte : (AX)  (AL) x (reg8)

For word : (DX)(AX)  (AX) x (reg16)
IMUL mem For byte : (AX)  (AX) x (mem8)

For word : (DX)(AX)  (AX) x (mem16)
17
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
. [D,D+1]=2*[A]-5*[C]+7 ‫ زیربرنامه محاسبه‬:6 ‫مثال‬
MOV AL, 2
MUL [A]
MOV BX, AX
MOV AL, 5
MUL [C]
SUB BX, AX
ADD BX, 7
MOV [D], BX
18
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
.‫ بیتی‬32 ‫ ضرب دو عملوند‬:1 ‫تمرین‬
19
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
DIV reg/ mem
DIV reg For 16-bit :- 8-bit :

(AL)  (AX) :- (reg8) Quotient
(AH)  (AX) MOD(reg8) Remainder
For 32-bit :- 16-bit :

(AX)  (DX)(AX) :- (reg16) Quotient
(DX)  (DX)(AX) MOD(reg16) Remainder
DIV mem For 16-bit :- 8-bit :

(AL)  (AX) :- (mem8) Quotient
(AH)  (AX) MOD(mem8) Remainder

(AX)  (DX)(AX) :- (mem16) Quotient
(DX)  (DX)(AX) MOD(mem16) Remainder
20
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
IDIV reg/ mem
IDIV reg For 16-bit :- 8-bit :

(AL)  (AX) :- (reg8) Quotient
(AH)  (AX) MOD(reg8) Remainder

(AX)  (DX)(AX) :- (reg16) Quotient
(DX)  (DX)(AX) MOD(reg16) Remainder
IDIV mem For 16-bit :- 8-bit :

(AL)  (AX) :- (mem8) Quotient
(AH)  (AX) MOD(mem8) Remainder

(AX)  (DX)(AX) :- (mem16) Quotient
(DX)  (DX)(AX) MOD(mem16) Remainder
21
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
CMP reg2/mem, reg1/ mem
CMP reg2, reg1 Modify flags  (reg2) – (reg1)
If (reg2) > (reg1) then CF=0, ZF=0, SF=0

If (reg2) < (reg1) then CF=1, ZF=0, SF=1
If (reg2) = (reg1) then CF=0, ZF=1, SF=0
CMP reg2, mem Modify flags  (reg2) – (mem)
If (reg2) > (mem) then CF=0, ZF=0, SF=0

If (reg2) < (mem) then CF=1, ZF=0, SF=1
If (reg2) = (mem) then CF=0, ZF=1, SF=0
CMP mem, reg1 Modify flags  (mem) – (reg1)
If (mem) > (reg1) then CF=0, ZF=0, SF=0

If (mem) < (reg1) then CF=1, ZF=0, SF=1
If (mem) = (reg1) then CF=0, ZF=1, SF=0
22
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
CMP reg/mem, data
CMP reg, data Modify flags  (reg) – (data)
If (reg) > data then CF=0, ZF=0, SF=0

If (reg) < data then CF=1, ZF=0, SF=1
If (reg) = data then CF=0, ZF=1, SF=0
CMP mem, data Modify flags  (mem) – (mem)
If (mem) > data then CF=0, ZF=0, SF=0

If (mem) < data then CF=1, ZF=0, SF=1
If (mem) = data then CF=0, ZF=1, SF=0
23
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
CMP A, data
CMP AL, data8 Modify flags  (AL) – data8
If (AL) > data8 then CF=0, ZF=0, SF=0

If (AL) < data8 then CF=1, ZF=0, SF=1
If (AL) = data8 then CF=0, ZF=1, SF=0
CMP AX, data16 Modify flags  (AX) – data16
If (AX) > data16 then CF=0, ZF=0, SF=0

If (mem) < data16 then CF=1, ZF=0, SF=1
If (mem) = data16 then CF=0, ZF=1, SF=0
24
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
Mnemonics: AND, OR, XOR, TEST, SHR, SHL, RCR, RCL …
25
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
26
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
27
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
28
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
29
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
30
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
‫ مطلوب است خروجی زیربرنامه زیر؟‬:7 ‫مثال‬

MOV AL, 9AH
MOV CL, 3
SHR AL, CL

MOV BX, 0FFFFH
MOV CL, 2
SHL BX, CL
31
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
32
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
33
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set

MOV AL, 36H
MOV CL, 2
ROR AL, CL

MOV BH, 72H
MOV CL, 2
ROL BH, CL
34
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
‫ بیتی موجود در‬8 ‫ زیربرنامه شبیه سازی پرچم توازن برای یک عملوند‬:11 ‫مثال‬
. DATA ‫خانه ای در حافظه به آدرس‬
MOV DL, 8
MOV BL, 0
MOV AL, [DATA]
Again: ROL Al, 1
JNC NEXT
INC BL
NEXT: DEC DL
JNZ Again
35
‫‪8086 Microprocessor‬‬
‫‪Instruction Set‬‬
‫تمرین ‪ :2‬زیربرنامه شبیه سازی پرچم توازن برای یک عملوند ‪ 16‬بیتی موجود در‬
‫خانه هایی در حافظه به آدرس های ‪ DATA‬و ‪. DATA+1‬‬
‫‪36‬‬
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
 String : Sequence of bytes or words
 8086 instruction set includes instruction for string movement, comparison,

scan, load and store.
 REP instruction prefix : used to repeat execution of string instructions.
 String instructions end with S or SB or SW.

S represents string, SB string byte and SW string word.
 Offset or effective address of the source operand is stored in SI register and

that of the destination operand is stored in DI register.
 Depending on the status of DF, SI and DI registers are automatically

updated.
 DF = 0  SI and DI are incremented by 1 for byte and 2 for word.
 DF = 1  SI and DI are decremented by 1 for byte and 2 for word.
37
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set

Mnemonics: REP, MOVS, CMPS, SCAS, LODS, STOS
REP
REPZ/ REPE While CX  0 and ZF = 1, repeat execution of

string instruction and
(Repeat CMPS or SCAS until (CX)  (CX) – 1
ZF = 0)
REPNZ/ REPNE While CX  0 and ZF = 0, repeat execution of

string instruction and
(Repeat CMPS or SCAS until (CX)  (CX) - 1
ZF = 1)
38
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set

MOVS
MOVSB MA = (DS) x 1610 + (SI)

MAE = (ES) x 1610 + (DI)
(MAE)  (MA)
If DF = 0, then (DI)  (DI) + 1; (SI)  (SI) + 1

If DF = 1, then (DI)  (DI) - 1; (SI)  (SI) - 1
MOVSW MA = (DS) x 1610 + (SI)

MAE = (ES) x 1610 + (DI)
(MAE ; MAE + 1)  (MA; MA + 1)

39
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
‫ به‬List1 ‫ بایت داده از بلوکی در حافظه به آدرس شروع‬100 ‫ زیربرنامه‬:12 ‫مثال‬

. List2 ‫بلوک دیگری در حافظه به آدرس شروع‬
MOV SI, Offset List1
MOV DI, Offset List2
MOV CX, 100
CLD
REP MOVSB
40
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set

Compare two string byte or string word
CMPS
CMPSB MA = (DS) x 1610 + (SI)

MAE = (ES) x 1610 + (DI)
Modify flags  (MA) - (MAE)
If (MA) > (MAE), then CF = 0; ZF = 0; SF = 0

If (MA) < (MAE), then CF = 1; ZF = 0; SF = 1
CMPSW If (MA) = (MAE), then CF = 0; ZF = 1; SF = 0
For byte operation

For word operation

41
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
‫و‬ String1=‘Europe’ ‫رشته‬ ‫دو‬ ‫مقایسه‬ ‫زیربرنامه‬ :13 ‫مثال‬

. String2=‘Euorop’
CLD
MOV SI, Offset String1
MOV DI, Offset String2
MOV CX, 6
REPE CMPSB
JZ Equal
Not_Equal: …
Equal: …
42
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set

Scan (compare) a string byte or word with accumulator
SCAS
SCASB MAE = (ES) x 1610 + (DI)

Modify flags  (AL) - (MAE)
If (AL) > (MAE), then CF = 0; ZF = 0; SF = 0

If (AL) < (MAE), then CF = 1; ZF = 0; SF = 1
If (AL) = (MAE), then CF = 0; ZF = 1; SF = 0
If DF = 0, then (DI)  (DI) + 1

If DF = 1, then (DI)  (DI) – 1
SCASW MAE = (ES) x 1610 + (DI)

Modify flags  (AL) - (MAE)
If (AX) > (MAE ; MAE + 1), then CF = 0; ZF = 0; SF = 0

If (AX) < (MAE ; MAE + 1), then CF = 1; ZF = 0; SF = 1
If (AX) = (MAE ; MAE + 1), then CF = 0; ZF = 1; SF = 0
If DF = 0, then (DI)  (DI) + 2

43
If DF = 1, then (DI)  (DI) – 2
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
. String=‘REZA’ ‫‘ در رشته‬Z’ ‫ زیربرنامه جستجوی‬:14 ‫مثال‬
CLD
MOV SI, Offset String
MOV CX, 4
MOV AL, ‘Z’
REPNE SCASB
JE Find
Not_Find: …
Find: …
44
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set

Load string byte in to AL or string word in to AX
LODS
LODSB MA = (DS) x 1610 + (SI)

(AL)  (MA)
If DF = 0, then (SI)  (SI) + 1

If DF = 1, then (SI)  (SI) – 1
LODSW MA = (DS) x 1610 + (SI)

(AX)  (MA ; MA + 1)
If DF = 0, then (SI)  (SI) + 2

If DF = 1, then (SI)  (SI) – 2
45
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set

Store byte from AL or word from AX in to string
STOS
STOSB MAE = (ES) x 1610 + (DI)

(MAE)  (AL)
If DF = 0, then (DI)  (DI) + 1

If DF = 1, then (DI)  (DI) – 1
STOSW MAE = (ES) x 1610 + (DI)

(MAE ; MAE + 1 )  (AX)
If DF = 0, then (DI)  (DI) + 2

If DF = 1, then (DI)  (DI) – 2
46
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
.‫ را پاک نمایید‬Buffer ‫ بایت از حافظه به آدرس شروع‬100 :15 ‫مثال‬
MOV DI, Offset Buffer

MOV CX, 100
CLD
MOV AL, 00H

REP STOSB
.‫ را پاک نمایید‬Buffer ‫ بایت از حافظه به آدرس شروع‬100 :16 ‫مثال‬
MOV DI, Offset Buffer

MOV CX, 50
CLD
MOV AX, 0000H

REP STOSW
47
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
5. Processor Control Instructions

Mnemonics Explanation
STC Set CF  1
CLC Clear CF  0
CMC Complement carry CF  CF/
STD Set direction flag DF  1
CLD Clear direction flag DF  0
STI Set interrupt enable flag IF  1
CLI Clear interrupt enable flag IF  0
NOP No operation
HLT Halt after interrupt is set
WAIT Wait for TEST pin active
ESC opcode mem/ reg Used to pass instruction to a coprocessor

which shares the address and data bus
with the 8086
LOCK Lock bus during next instruction 48

8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
Transfer the control to a specific destination or target instruction

Do not affect flags
 8086 Unconditional transfers
CALL reg/ mem/ disp16 Call subroutine
RET Return from subroutine
JMP reg/ mem/ disp8/ disp16 Unconditional jump
49
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
 8086 signed conditional  8086 unsigned conditional

branch instructions branch instructions
Checks flags.
If conditions are true, the program control is

transferred to the new memory location in the same
segment by modifying the content of IP.
50
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
 8086 signed conditional  8086 unsigned conditional

branch instructions branch instructions
Name Alternate name Name Alternate name

JE disp8 JZ disp8 JE disp8 JZ disp8
Jump if equal Jump if result is 0 Jump if equal Jump if result is 0
JNE disp8 JNZ disp8 JNE disp8 JNZ disp8

Jump if not equal Jump if not zero Jump if not equal Jump if not zero
JG disp8 JNLE disp8 JA disp8 JNBE disp8
Jump if greater Jump if not less or Jump if above Jump if not below
equal or equal
JGE disp8 JNL disp8 JAE disp8 JNB disp8
Jump if greater Jump if not less Jump if above or Jump if not below
than or equal equal
JL disp8 JNGE disp8 JB disp8 JNAE disp8
Jump if less than Jump if not Jump if below Jump if not above
greater than or or equal
equal
JLE disp8 JNG disp8 JBE disp8 JNA disp8
Jump if less than Jump if not Jump if below or Jump if not above
or equal greater equal 51
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
 8086 conditional branch instructions affecting individual flags
JC disp8 Jump if CF = 1
JNC disp8 Jump if CF = 0
JP disp8 Jump if PF = 1
JNP disp8 Jump if PF = 0
JO disp8 Jump if OF = 1
JNO disp8 Jump if OF = 0
JS disp8 Jump if SF = 1
JNS disp8 Jump if SF = 0
JZ disp8 Jump if result is zero, i.e, Z = 1
JNZ disp8 Jump if result is not zero, i.e, Z = 1
52
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
.100 ،... ،2 ،1 ،0 ‫ زیربرنامه جمع اعداد‬:17 ‫مثال‬
MOV AX, 0
MOV BX, 0
L1: INC BX
CMP BX, 100
JA EXIT
ADD AX, BX
JMP L1
EXIT: MOV [S1], AX
53
8086 Microprocessor
Instruction Set
.50 ،... ،2 ،1 ،0 ‫ زیربرنامه جمع مربعات اعداد‬:18 ‫مثال‬
MOV DX, 0
MOV BL, 1
L2: CMP BL, 50
JG EXIT
MOV AL, BL
MUL BL
ADD DX, AX
INC BL
CMP L2
EXIT: MOV [S2], AX 54

8086 - Instruction Set

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INSTRUCTION SET

8086 supports 6 types of instructions.

1. Data Transfer Instructions

4. String Manipulation Instructions

5. Process Control Instructions

6. Control Transfer Instructions

1. Data Transfer Instructions

 Instructions that are used to transfer data/address in to

 Generally involve two operands: Source operand and

 Source: Register or a memory location or an immediate

 The size should be a either a byte or a word.

 A 8-bit data can only be moved to 8-bit register/memory

1. Data Transfer Instructions

Mnemonics: MOV, XCHG, PUSH, POP, IN, OUT …

MOV reg2/ mem, reg1/ mem

MOV reg2, reg1 (reg2)  (reg1)

MOV reg/ mem, data

MOV reg, data (reg)  data

XCHG reg2/ mem, reg1

XCHG reg2, reg1 (reg2)  (reg1)

‫ دو طرفه بین خانه هایی از حافظه به آدرس های‬Exchange ‫ زیربرنامه‬:1 ‫مثال‬

MOV AL, [OPR1]

MOV AL, [OPR1]

1. Data Transfer Instructions

Mnemonics: MOV, XCHG, PUSH, POP, IN, OUT …

PUSH reg16/ mem

PUSH reg16 (SP)  (SP) – 2

PUSH mem (SP)  (SP) – 2

POP reg16/ mem

POP reg16 MA S = (SS) x 1610 + SP

POP mem MA S = (SS) x 1610 + SP

1. Data Transfer Instructions

Mnemonics: MOV, XCHG, PUSH, POP, IN, OUT …

IN A, [DX] OUT [DX], A

IN AL, [DX] PORTaddr = (DX) OUT [DX], AL PORTaddr = (DX)

IN AX, [DX] PORTaddr = (DX) OUT [DX], AX PORTaddr = (DX)

IN A, addr8 OUT addr8, A

IN AL, addr8 (AL)  (addr8) OUT addr8, AL (addr8)  (AL)

IN AX, addr8 (AX)  (addr8) OUT addr8, AX (addr8)  (AX)

MOV SI, Offset Data_In

Again: MOV AL, [SI]

ADD reg2/ mem, reg1/mem

ADD reg2, reg1 (reg2)  (reg1) + (reg2)

ADD reg/mem, data

ADD reg, data (reg)  (reg)+ data

ADD AL, data8 (AL)  (AL) + data8

‫ و نیز‬DATA2 ‫ و‬DATA1 ‫ زیربرنامه جمع دو خانه از حافظه به آدرس های‬:3 ‫مثال‬

MOV AL, [DATA1]

MOV AL, [DATA1]

ADC reg2/ mem, reg1/mem

ADC reg2, reg1 (reg2)  (reg1) + (reg2)+CF

ADC reg/mem, data

ADC reg, data (reg)  (reg)+ data+CF

ADD AL, data8 (AL)  (AL) + data8+CF

MOV SI, Offset Data_In

Again: ADD AL, [SI]

‫]‪MOV AX, [OPR1‬‬

‫]‪MOV AX, [OPR1+2‬‬

SUB reg2/ mem, reg1/mem

. [D,D+1]=2[A]-5[C]+7 ‫ زیربرنامه محاسبه‬:6 ‫مثال‬