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    Patho 2020

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    Aziil Liiza
    Pulmonary embolism can occur due to various risk factors related to thrombosis. It leads to increased pressure in the pulmonary arteries and right ventricle overload, which can damage the right ventricle and impair left ventricle function. Common signs and symptoms include tachypnea, dyspnea, chest pain, and anxiety. Diagnostic tests include chest x-rays, ECGs, blood gas analysis, CT scans, and pulmonary angiograms. Nursing care focuses on oxygen therapy, anticoagulation monitoring, ambulation, and preventing complications.

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    Patho 2020

    Uploaded by

    Aziil Liiza
    42 views2 pages
    Pulmonary embolism can occur due to various risk factors related to thrombosis. It leads to increased pressure in the pulmonary arteries and right ventricle overload, which can damage the right ventricle and impair left ventricle function. Common signs and symptoms include tachypnea, dyspnea, chest pain, and anxiety. Diagnostic tests include chest x-rays, ECGs, blood gas analysis, CT scans, and pulmonary angiograms. Nursing care focuses on oxygen therapy, anticoagulation monitoring, ambulation, and preventing complications.

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    Pulmonary embolism can occur due to various risk factors related to thrombosis. It leads to increased pressure in the pulmonary arteries and right ventricle overload, which can damage the right ventricle and impair left ventricle function. Common signs and symptoms include tachypnea, dyspnea, chest pain, and anxiety. Diagnostic tests include chest x-rays, ECGs, blood gas analysis, CT scans, and pulmonary angiograms. Nursing care focuses on oxygen therapy, anticoagulation monitoring, ambulation, and preventing complications.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    42 views2 pages

    Patho 2020

    Uploaded by

    Aziil Liiza
    Pulmonary embolism can occur due to various risk factors related to thrombosis. It leads to increased pressure in the pulmonary arteries and right ventricle overload, which can damage the right ventricle and impair left ventricle function. Common signs and symptoms include tachypnea, dyspnea, chest pain, and anxiety. Diagnostic tests include chest x-rays, ECGs, blood gas analysis, CT scans, and pulmonary angiograms. Nursing care focuses on oxygen therapy, anticoagulation monitoring, ambulation, and preventing complications.

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    PULMONARY EMBOLISM

    RISK FACTORS: THROMBOSIS


    T Trauma, Travel, Thrombopillia
    H Hypercoagulable state, Hormone replacement therapy
    R Recreational drugs
    O Old age
    M Malignancy
    B Birth control pills pr patches
    O Obesity, Obstetrical
    S Surgery
    I Immobilization, Iatrogenic (CVC)
    S Serious illnesses

    Pulmonary vascular RV wall


    tension

    RV ischemia
    RV pressure +/- infarction
    overload

    RV hypokinesis and Coronary artery perfusion


    dilatation

    LV preload LV cardiac Systemic arterial


    output hypotension

    Tachypnea- most Dyspnea- most


    Signs and Symptoms
    frequent sign frequent symptom

    Syncope
    Hemoptysis

    Chest pain
    Chest pain
    Diaphoresis

    Cough
    Cough

    Anxiety

    Diagnostic Procedure: Nursing intervention:


    Chest x-ray – shows infiltrates, Monitor oxygen therapy and assess the patient for
    atelectasis, elevation of the hypoxia 
    diaphragm on the affected side Watch patient for signs of discomfort and pain
    ECG- shows sinus tachycardia, PR- Assess patient for bleeding related to
    interval depression and non- anticoagulant therapy 
    specific T-wave changes Advise patient of the possible need to continue
    Arterial blood gas analysis – shows taking anticoagulant therapy
    hypoxemia and hypocapnia Monitor for possible complication of cardiogenic
    Ventilation- perfusion  (V/Q.) scan shock or right ventricular failure
    Pulmonary angiography is Encourage ambulation and active/passive leg
    considered the best method to exercises to prevent venous stasis
    diagnose PE Advise the patient not to sit or lie in bed for
    Spiral computed CT scan of the prolonged periods, not to cross the legs, and not
    lung to wear constrictive clothing
    HEMOTHORAX

    Motor vehicle Risk factors: Surgery


    accidents

    Repetitive Past traumatic


    Blunt trauma on the thoracic injury
    injury
    chest

    Rupture of the
    serous membrane
    Pressure
    equalization
    between lungs and
    Blood spilling from the
    pleural cavity
    lungs to the
    pleuralcavity
    Intrapleural Extrapleural
    injury injury
    Increased
    pressure to the
    mediastinum and
    the trachea

    Diagnostic Aggregate the Nursing


    test: given symptoms Management:

    X-rays: an X-ray image Tachypnea Assist with


    of the chest will quickly Dyspnea thoracentesis to
    reveal if there is liquid in Cyanosis aspirate blood form
    the chest cavity. In an Decreased or the pleural space
    X-ray, the lungs will absent breath Assist with chest
    show up black, where the sounds on affected tube insertion and
    pleural fluid and any side set up drainage
    blood in the chest cavity Tracheal deviation system for complete
    will show up white. to unaffected side and continuous
    CT scans: this can give Dull resonance on removal of blood
    doctors a complete image percussion and air
    of the lungs and pleural Unequal chest rise Auscultate lungs and
    cavity, which may be Tachycardia monitor for relief of
    especially important in Hypotension dyspnea
    cases of injury. Pale, cool, clammy Replace volume with
    Ultrasound: in emergency skin I.V fluids
    situations, ultrasound ima Possibly
    ges provide a quick and subcutaneous
    accurate look into the emphysema
    pleural space for
    potential damage and
    hemothorax.

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